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dl |
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/* |
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* Written by Doug Lea and Martin Buchholz with assistance from members of |
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* JCP JSR-166 Expert Group and released to the public domain, as explained |
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* at http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ |
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*/ |
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package java.util.concurrent; |
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import java.util.AbstractCollection; |
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import java.util.ArrayList; |
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import java.util.Collection; |
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import java.util.Deque; |
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import java.util.Iterator; |
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import java.util.NoSuchElementException; |
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import java.util.Queue; |
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/** |
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* An unbounded concurrent {@linkplain Deque deque} based on linked nodes. |
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* Concurrent insertion, removal, and access operations execute safely |
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* across multiple threads. |
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* A {@code ConcurrentLinkedDeque} is an appropriate choice when |
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* many threads will share access to a common collection. |
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* Like most other concurrent collection implementations, this class |
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* does not permit the use of {@code null} elements. |
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* |
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* <p>Iterators are <i>weakly consistent</i>, returning elements |
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* reflecting the state of the deque at some point at or since the |
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* creation of the iterator. They do <em>not</em> throw {@link |
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* java.util.ConcurrentModificationException |
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* ConcurrentModificationException}, and may proceed concurrently with |
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* other operations. |
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* |
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* <p>Beware that, unlike in most collections, the {@code size} method |
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* is <em>NOT</em> a constant-time operation. Because of the |
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* asynchronous nature of these deques, determining the current number |
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* of elements requires a traversal of the elements, and so may report |
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* inaccurate results if this collection is modified during traversal. |
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* Additionally, the bulk operations {@code addAll}, |
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* {@code removeAll}, {@code retainAll}, {@code containsAll}, |
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* {@code equals}, and {@code toArray} are <em>not</em> guaranteed |
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* to be performed atomically. For example, an iterator operating |
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* concurrently with an {@code addAll} operation might view only some |
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* of the added elements. |
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* |
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* <p>This class and its iterator implement all of the <em>optional</em> |
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* methods of the {@link Deque} and {@link Iterator} interfaces. |
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* |
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* <p>Memory consistency effects: As with other concurrent collections, |
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* actions in a thread prior to placing an object into a |
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* {@code ConcurrentLinkedDeque} |
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* <a href="package-summary.html#MemoryVisibility"><i>happen-before</i></a> |
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* actions subsequent to the access or removal of that element from |
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* the {@code ConcurrentLinkedDeque} in another thread. |
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* |
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* <p>This class is a member of the |
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* <a href="{@docRoot}/../technotes/guides/collections/index.html"> |
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* Java Collections Framework</a>. |
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* |
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* @since 1.7 |
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* @author Doug Lea |
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* @author Martin Buchholz |
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* @param <E> the type of elements held in this collection |
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*/ |
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public class ConcurrentLinkedDeque<E> |
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extends AbstractCollection<E> |
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implements Deque<E>, java.io.Serializable { |
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/* |
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* This is an implementation of a concurrent lock-free deque |
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* supporting interior removes but not interior insertions, as |
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* required to support the entire Deque interface. |
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* |
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* We extend the techniques developed for ConcurrentLinkedQueue and |
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* LinkedTransferQueue (see the internal docs for those classes). |
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* Understanding the ConcurrentLinkedQueue implementation is a |
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* prerequisite for understanding the implementation of this class. |
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* |
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* The data structure is a symmetrical doubly-linked "GC-robust" |
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* linked list of nodes. We minimize the number of volatile writes |
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* using two techniques: advancing multiple hops with a single CAS |
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* and mixing volatile and non-volatile writes of the same memory |
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* locations. |
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* |
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* A node contains the expected E ("item") and links to predecessor |
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* ("prev") and successor ("next") nodes: |
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* |
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* class Node<E> { volatile Node<E> prev, next; volatile E item; } |
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* |
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* A node p is considered "live" if it contains a non-null item |
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* (p.item != null). When an item is CASed to null, the item is |
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* atomically logically deleted from the collection. |
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* |
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* At any time, there is precisely one "first" node with a null |
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* prev reference that terminates any chain of prev references |
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* starting at a live node. Similarly there is precisely one |
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* "last" node terminating any chain of next references starting at |
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* a live node. The "first" and "last" nodes may or may not be live. |
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* The "first" and "last" nodes are always mutually reachable. |
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* |
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* A new element is added atomically by CASing the null prev or |
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* next reference in the first or last node to a fresh node |
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* containing the element. The element's node atomically becomes |
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* "live" at that point. |
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* |
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* A node is considered "active" if it is a live node, or the |
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* first or last node. Active nodes cannot be unlinked. |
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* |
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* A "self-link" is a next or prev reference that is the same node: |
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* p.prev == p or p.next == p |
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* Self-links are used in the node unlinking process. Active nodes |
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* never have self-links. |
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* |
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* A node p is active if and only if: |
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* |
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* p.item != null || |
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* (p.prev == null && p.next != p) || |
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* (p.next == null && p.prev != p) |
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* |
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* The deque object has two node references, "head" and "tail". |
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* The head and tail are only approximations to the first and last |
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* nodes of the deque. The first node can always be found by |
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* following prev pointers from head; likewise for tail. However, |
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* it is permissible for head and tail to be referring to deleted |
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* nodes that have been unlinked and so may not be reachable from |
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* any live node. |
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* |
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* There are 3 stages of node deletion; |
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* "logical deletion", "unlinking", and "gc-unlinking". |
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* |
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* 1. "logical deletion" by CASing item to null atomically removes |
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* the element from the collection, and makes the containing node |
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* eligible for unlinking. |
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* |
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* 2. "unlinking" makes a deleted node unreachable from active |
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* nodes, and thus eventually reclaimable by GC. Unlinked nodes |
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* may remain reachable indefinitely from an iterator. |
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* |
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* Physical node unlinking is merely an optimization (albeit a |
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* critical one), and so can be performed at our convenience. At |
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* any time, the set of live nodes maintained by prev and next |
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* links are identical, that is, the live nodes found via next |
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* links from the first node is equal to the elements found via |
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* prev links from the last node. However, this is not true for |
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* nodes that have already been logically deleted - such nodes may |
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* be reachable in one direction only. |
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* |
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* 3. "gc-unlinking" takes unlinking further by making active |
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* nodes unreachable from deleted nodes, making it easier for the |
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* GC to reclaim future deleted nodes. This step makes the data |
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* structure "gc-robust", as first described in detail by Boehm |
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* (http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=503272.503282). |
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* |
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* GC-unlinked nodes may remain reachable indefinitely from an |
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* iterator, but unlike unlinked nodes, are never reachable from |
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* head or tail. |
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* |
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* Making the data structure GC-robust will eliminate the risk of |
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* unbounded memory retention with conservative GCs and is likely |
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* to improve performance with generational GCs. |
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* |
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* When a node is dequeued at either end, e.g. via poll(), we would |
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* like to break any references from the node to active nodes. We |
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* develop further the use of self-links that was very effective in |
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* other concurrent collection classes. The idea is to replace |
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* prev and next pointers with special values that are interpreted |
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* to mean off-the-list-at-one-end. These are approximations, but |
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* good enough to preserve the properties we want in our |
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* traversals, e.g. we guarantee that a traversal will never visit |
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* the same element twice, but we don't guarantee whether a |
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* traversal that runs out of elements will be able to see more |
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* elements later after enqueues at that end. Doing gc-unlinking |
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* safely is particularly tricky, since any node can be in use |
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* indefinitely (for example by an iterator). We must ensure that |
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* the nodes pointed at by head/tail never get gc-unlinked, since |
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* head/tail are needed to get "back on track" by other nodes that |
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* are gc-unlinked. gc-unlinking accounts for much of the |
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* implementation complexity. |
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* |
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* Since neither unlinking nor gc-unlinking are necessary for |
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* correctness, there are many implementation choices regarding |
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* frequency (eagerness) of these operations. Since volatile |
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* reads are likely to be much cheaper than CASes, saving CASes by |
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* unlinking multiple adjacent nodes at a time may be a win. |
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* gc-unlinking can be performed rarely and still be effective, |
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* since it is most important that long chains of deleted nodes |
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* are occasionally broken. |
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* |
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* The actual representation we use is that p.next == p means to |
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* goto the first node (which in turn is reached by following prev |
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* pointers from head), and p.next == null && p.prev == p means |
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* that the iteration is at an end and that p is a (static final) |
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* dummy node, NEXT_TERMINATOR, and not the last active node. |
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* Finishing the iteration when encountering such a TERMINATOR is |
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* good enough for read-only traversals, so such traversals can use |
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* p.next == null as the termination condition. When we need to |
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* find the last (active) node, for enqueueing a new node, we need |
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* to check whether we have reached a TERMINATOR node; if so, |
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* restart traversal from tail. |
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* |
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* The implementation is completely directionally symmetrical, |
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* except that most public methods that iterate through the list |
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* follow next pointers ("forward" direction). |
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* |
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* We believe (without full proof) that all single-element deque |
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* operations (e.g., addFirst, peekLast, pollLast) are linearizable |
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* (see Herlihy and Shavit's book). However, some combinations of |
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* operations are known not to be linearizable. In particular, |
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* when an addFirst(A) is racing with pollFirst() removing B, it is |
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* possible for an observer iterating over the elements to observe |
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* A B C and subsequently observe A C, even though no interior |
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* removes are ever performed. Nevertheless, iterators behave |
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* reasonably, providing the "weakly consistent" guarantees. |
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* |
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* Empirically, microbenchmarks suggest that this class adds about |
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* 40% overhead relative to ConcurrentLinkedQueue, which feels as |
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* good as we can hope for. |
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*/ |
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private static final long serialVersionUID = 876323262645176354L; |
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/** |
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* A node from which the first node on list (that is, the unique node p |
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* with p.prev == null && p.next != p) can be reached in O(1) time. |
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* Invariants: |
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* - the first node is always O(1) reachable from head via prev links |
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* - all live nodes are reachable from the first node via succ() |
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* - head != null |
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* - (tmp = head).next != tmp || tmp != head |
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* - head is never gc-unlinked (but may be unlinked) |
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* Non-invariants: |
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* - head.item may or may not be null |
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* - head may not be reachable from the first or last node, or from tail |
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*/ |
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private transient volatile Node<E> head; |
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/** |
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* A node from which the last node on list (that is, the unique node p |
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* with p.next == null && p.prev != p) can be reached in O(1) time. |
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* Invariants: |
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* - the last node is always O(1) reachable from tail via next links |
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* - all live nodes are reachable from the last node via pred() |
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* - tail != null |
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* - tail is never gc-unlinked (but may be unlinked) |
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* Non-invariants: |
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* - tail.item may or may not be null |
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* - tail may not be reachable from the first or last node, or from head |
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*/ |
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private transient volatile Node<E> tail; |
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private static final Node<Object> PREV_TERMINATOR, NEXT_TERMINATOR; |
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@SuppressWarnings("unchecked") |
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Node<E> prevTerminator() { |
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return (Node<E>) PREV_TERMINATOR; |
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} |
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@SuppressWarnings("unchecked") |
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Node<E> nextTerminator() { |
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return (Node<E>) NEXT_TERMINATOR; |
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} |
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static final class Node<E> { |
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volatile Node<E> prev; |
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volatile E item; |
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volatile Node<E> next; |
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Node() { // default constructor for NEXT_TERMINATOR, PREV_TERMINATOR |
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} |
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/** |
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* Constructs a new node. Uses relaxed write because item can |
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* only be seen after publication via casNext or casPrev. |
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*/ |
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Node(E item) { |
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UNSAFE.putObject(this, itemOffset, item); |
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} |
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boolean casItem(E cmp, E val) { |
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return UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, itemOffset, cmp, val); |
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} |
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void lazySetNext(Node<E> val) { |
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UNSAFE.putOrderedObject(this, nextOffset, val); |
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} |
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boolean casNext(Node<E> cmp, Node<E> val) { |
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return UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, nextOffset, cmp, val); |
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} |
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void lazySetPrev(Node<E> val) { |
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UNSAFE.putOrderedObject(this, prevOffset, val); |
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} |
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boolean casPrev(Node<E> cmp, Node<E> val) { |
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return UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, prevOffset, cmp, val); |
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} |
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// Unsafe mechanics |
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private static final sun.misc.Unsafe UNSAFE; |
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private static final long prevOffset; |
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private static final long itemOffset; |
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private static final long nextOffset; |
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static { |
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try { |
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UNSAFE = sun.misc.Unsafe.getUnsafe(); |
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Class<?> k = Node.class; |
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prevOffset = UNSAFE.objectFieldOffset |
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(k.getDeclaredField("prev")); |
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itemOffset = UNSAFE.objectFieldOffset |
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(k.getDeclaredField("item")); |
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nextOffset = UNSAFE.objectFieldOffset |
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(k.getDeclaredField("next")); |
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} catch (Exception e) { |
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throw new Error(e); |
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} |
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} |
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} |
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/** |
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* Links e as first element. |
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*/ |
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private void linkFirst(E e) { |
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checkNotNull(e); |
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final Node<E> newNode = new Node<E>(e); |
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restartFromHead: |
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for (;;) |
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for (Node<E> h = head, p = h, q;;) { |
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if ((q = p.prev) != null && |
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(q = (p = q).prev) != null) |
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// Check for head updates every other hop. |
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// If p == q, we are sure to follow head instead. |
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p = (h != (h = head)) ? h : q; |
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else if (p.next == p) // PREV_TERMINATOR |
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continue restartFromHead; |
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else { |
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// p is first node |
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newNode.lazySetNext(p); // CAS piggyback |
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if (p.casPrev(null, newNode)) { |
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// Successful CAS is the linearization point |
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// for e to become an element of this deque, |
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// and for newNode to become "live". |
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if (p != h) // hop two nodes at a time |
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casHead(h, newNode); // Failure is OK. |
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return; |
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} |
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// Lost CAS race to another thread; re-read prev |
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} |
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} |
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} |
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/** |
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* Links e as last element. |
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*/ |
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private void linkLast(E e) { |
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checkNotNull(e); |
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final Node<E> newNode = new Node<E>(e); |
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restartFromTail: |
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|
|
for (;;) |
363 |
|
|
for (Node<E> t = tail, p = t, q;;) { |
364 |
|
|
if ((q = p.next) != null && |
365 |
|
|
(q = (p = q).next) != null) |
366 |
|
|
// Check for tail updates every other hop. |
367 |
|
|
// If p == q, we are sure to follow tail instead. |
368 |
|
|
p = (t != (t = tail)) ? t : q; |
369 |
|
|
else if (p.prev == p) // NEXT_TERMINATOR |
370 |
|
|
continue restartFromTail; |
371 |
|
|
else { |
372 |
|
|
// p is last node |
373 |
|
|
newNode.lazySetPrev(p); // CAS piggyback |
374 |
|
|
if (p.casNext(null, newNode)) { |
375 |
|
|
// Successful CAS is the linearization point |
376 |
|
|
// for e to become an element of this deque, |
377 |
|
|
// and for newNode to become "live". |
378 |
|
|
if (p != t) // hop two nodes at a time |
379 |
|
|
casTail(t, newNode); // Failure is OK. |
380 |
|
|
return; |
381 |
|
|
} |
382 |
|
|
// Lost CAS race to another thread; re-read next |
383 |
|
|
} |
384 |
|
|
} |
385 |
|
|
} |
386 |
|
|
|
387 |
|
|
private static final int HOPS = 2; |
388 |
|
|
|
389 |
|
|
/** |
390 |
|
|
* Unlinks non-null node x. |
391 |
|
|
*/ |
392 |
|
|
void unlink(Node<E> x) { |
393 |
|
|
// assert x != null; |
394 |
|
|
// assert x.item == null; |
395 |
|
|
// assert x != PREV_TERMINATOR; |
396 |
|
|
// assert x != NEXT_TERMINATOR; |
397 |
|
|
|
398 |
|
|
final Node<E> prev = x.prev; |
399 |
|
|
final Node<E> next = x.next; |
400 |
|
|
if (prev == null) { |
401 |
|
|
unlinkFirst(x, next); |
402 |
|
|
} else if (next == null) { |
403 |
|
|
unlinkLast(x, prev); |
404 |
|
|
} else { |
405 |
|
|
// Unlink interior node. |
406 |
|
|
// |
407 |
|
|
// This is the common case, since a series of polls at the |
408 |
|
|
// same end will be "interior" removes, except perhaps for |
409 |
|
|
// the first one, since end nodes cannot be unlinked. |
410 |
|
|
// |
411 |
|
|
// At any time, all active nodes are mutually reachable by |
412 |
|
|
// following a sequence of either next or prev pointers. |
413 |
|
|
// |
414 |
|
|
// Our strategy is to find the unique active predecessor |
415 |
|
|
// and successor of x. Try to fix up their links so that |
416 |
|
|
// they point to each other, leaving x unreachable from |
417 |
|
|
// active nodes. If successful, and if x has no live |
418 |
|
|
// predecessor/successor, we additionally try to gc-unlink, |
419 |
|
|
// leaving active nodes unreachable from x, by rechecking |
420 |
|
|
// that the status of predecessor and successor are |
421 |
|
|
// unchanged and ensuring that x is not reachable from |
422 |
|
|
// tail/head, before setting x's prev/next links to their |
423 |
|
|
// logical approximate replacements, self/TERMINATOR. |
424 |
|
|
Node<E> activePred, activeSucc; |
425 |
|
|
boolean isFirst, isLast; |
426 |
|
|
int hops = 1; |
427 |
|
|
|
428 |
|
|
// Find active predecessor |
429 |
|
|
for (Node<E> p = prev; ; ++hops) { |
430 |
|
|
if (p.item != null) { |
431 |
|
|
activePred = p; |
432 |
|
|
isFirst = false; |
433 |
|
|
break; |
434 |
|
|
} |
435 |
|
|
Node<E> q = p.prev; |
436 |
|
|
if (q == null) { |
437 |
|
|
if (p.next == p) |
438 |
|
|
return; |
439 |
|
|
activePred = p; |
440 |
|
|
isFirst = true; |
441 |
|
|
break; |
442 |
|
|
} |
443 |
|
|
else if (p == q) |
444 |
|
|
return; |
445 |
|
|
else |
446 |
|
|
p = q; |
447 |
|
|
} |
448 |
|
|
|
449 |
|
|
// Find active successor |
450 |
|
|
for (Node<E> p = next; ; ++hops) { |
451 |
|
|
if (p.item != null) { |
452 |
|
|
activeSucc = p; |
453 |
|
|
isLast = false; |
454 |
|
|
break; |
455 |
|
|
} |
456 |
|
|
Node<E> q = p.next; |
457 |
|
|
if (q == null) { |
458 |
|
|
if (p.prev == p) |
459 |
|
|
return; |
460 |
|
|
activeSucc = p; |
461 |
|
|
isLast = true; |
462 |
|
|
break; |
463 |
|
|
} |
464 |
|
|
else if (p == q) |
465 |
|
|
return; |
466 |
|
|
else |
467 |
|
|
p = q; |
468 |
|
|
} |
469 |
|
|
|
470 |
|
|
// TODO: better HOP heuristics |
471 |
|
|
if (hops < HOPS |
472 |
|
|
// always squeeze out interior deleted nodes |
473 |
|
|
&& (isFirst | isLast)) |
474 |
|
|
return; |
475 |
|
|
|
476 |
|
|
// Squeeze out deleted nodes between activePred and |
477 |
|
|
// activeSucc, including x. |
478 |
|
|
skipDeletedSuccessors(activePred); |
479 |
|
|
skipDeletedPredecessors(activeSucc); |
480 |
|
|
|
481 |
|
|
// Try to gc-unlink, if possible |
482 |
|
|
if ((isFirst | isLast) && |
483 |
|
|
|
484 |
|
|
// Recheck expected state of predecessor and successor |
485 |
|
|
(activePred.next == activeSucc) && |
486 |
|
|
(activeSucc.prev == activePred) && |
487 |
|
|
(isFirst ? activePred.prev == null : activePred.item != null) && |
488 |
|
|
(isLast ? activeSucc.next == null : activeSucc.item != null)) { |
489 |
|
|
|
490 |
|
|
updateHead(); // Ensure x is not reachable from head |
491 |
|
|
updateTail(); // Ensure x is not reachable from tail |
492 |
|
|
|
493 |
|
|
// Finally, actually gc-unlink |
494 |
|
|
x.lazySetPrev(isFirst ? prevTerminator() : x); |
495 |
|
|
x.lazySetNext(isLast ? nextTerminator() : x); |
496 |
|
|
} |
497 |
|
|
} |
498 |
|
|
} |
499 |
|
|
|
500 |
|
|
/** |
501 |
|
|
* Unlinks non-null first node. |
502 |
|
|
*/ |
503 |
|
|
private void unlinkFirst(Node<E> first, Node<E> next) { |
504 |
|
|
// assert first != null; |
505 |
|
|
// assert next != null; |
506 |
|
|
// assert first.item == null; |
507 |
|
|
for (Node<E> o = null, p = next, q;;) { |
508 |
|
|
if (p.item != null || (q = p.next) == null) { |
509 |
|
|
if (o != null && p.prev != p && first.casNext(next, p)) { |
510 |
|
|
skipDeletedPredecessors(p); |
511 |
|
|
if (first.prev == null && |
512 |
|
|
(p.next == null || p.item != null) && |
513 |
|
|
p.prev == first) { |
514 |
|
|
|
515 |
|
|
updateHead(); // Ensure o is not reachable from head |
516 |
|
|
updateTail(); // Ensure o is not reachable from tail |
517 |
|
|
|
518 |
|
|
// Finally, actually gc-unlink |
519 |
|
|
o.lazySetNext(o); |
520 |
|
|
o.lazySetPrev(prevTerminator()); |
521 |
|
|
} |
522 |
|
|
} |
523 |
|
|
return; |
524 |
|
|
} |
525 |
|
|
else if (p == q) |
526 |
|
|
return; |
527 |
|
|
else { |
528 |
|
|
o = p; |
529 |
|
|
p = q; |
530 |
|
|
} |
531 |
|
|
} |
532 |
|
|
} |
533 |
|
|
|
534 |
|
|
/** |
535 |
|
|
* Unlinks non-null last node. |
536 |
|
|
*/ |
537 |
|
|
private void unlinkLast(Node<E> last, Node<E> prev) { |
538 |
|
|
// assert last != null; |
539 |
|
|
// assert prev != null; |
540 |
|
|
// assert last.item == null; |
541 |
|
|
for (Node<E> o = null, p = prev, q;;) { |
542 |
|
|
if (p.item != null || (q = p.prev) == null) { |
543 |
|
|
if (o != null && p.next != p && last.casPrev(prev, p)) { |
544 |
|
|
skipDeletedSuccessors(p); |
545 |
|
|
if (last.next == null && |
546 |
|
|
(p.prev == null || p.item != null) && |
547 |
|
|
p.next == last) { |
548 |
|
|
|
549 |
|
|
updateHead(); // Ensure o is not reachable from head |
550 |
|
|
updateTail(); // Ensure o is not reachable from tail |
551 |
|
|
|
552 |
|
|
// Finally, actually gc-unlink |
553 |
|
|
o.lazySetPrev(o); |
554 |
|
|
o.lazySetNext(nextTerminator()); |
555 |
|
|
} |
556 |
|
|
} |
557 |
|
|
return; |
558 |
|
|
} |
559 |
|
|
else if (p == q) |
560 |
|
|
return; |
561 |
|
|
else { |
562 |
|
|
o = p; |
563 |
|
|
p = q; |
564 |
|
|
} |
565 |
|
|
} |
566 |
|
|
} |
567 |
|
|
|
568 |
|
|
/** |
569 |
|
|
* Guarantees that any node which was unlinked before a call to |
570 |
|
|
* this method will be unreachable from head after it returns. |
571 |
|
|
* Does not guarantee to eliminate slack, only that head will |
572 |
|
|
* point to a node that was active while this method was running. |
573 |
|
|
*/ |
574 |
|
|
private final void updateHead() { |
575 |
|
|
// Either head already points to an active node, or we keep |
576 |
|
|
// trying to cas it to the first node until it does. |
577 |
|
|
Node<E> h, p, q; |
578 |
|
|
restartFromHead: |
579 |
|
|
while ((h = head).item == null && (p = h.prev) != null) { |
580 |
|
|
for (;;) { |
581 |
|
|
if ((q = p.prev) == null || |
582 |
|
|
(q = (p = q).prev) == null) { |
583 |
|
|
// It is possible that p is PREV_TERMINATOR, |
584 |
|
|
// but if so, the CAS is guaranteed to fail. |
585 |
|
|
if (casHead(h, p)) |
586 |
|
|
return; |
587 |
|
|
else |
588 |
|
|
continue restartFromHead; |
589 |
|
|
} |
590 |
|
|
else if (h != head) |
591 |
|
|
continue restartFromHead; |
592 |
|
|
else |
593 |
|
|
p = q; |
594 |
|
|
} |
595 |
|
|
} |
596 |
|
|
} |
597 |
|
|
|
598 |
|
|
/** |
599 |
|
|
* Guarantees that any node which was unlinked before a call to |
600 |
|
|
* this method will be unreachable from tail after it returns. |
601 |
|
|
* Does not guarantee to eliminate slack, only that tail will |
602 |
|
|
* point to a node that was active while this method was running. |
603 |
|
|
*/ |
604 |
|
|
private final void updateTail() { |
605 |
|
|
// Either tail already points to an active node, or we keep |
606 |
|
|
// trying to cas it to the last node until it does. |
607 |
|
|
Node<E> t, p, q; |
608 |
|
|
restartFromTail: |
609 |
|
|
while ((t = tail).item == null && (p = t.next) != null) { |
610 |
|
|
for (;;) { |
611 |
|
|
if ((q = p.next) == null || |
612 |
|
|
(q = (p = q).next) == null) { |
613 |
|
|
// It is possible that p is NEXT_TERMINATOR, |
614 |
|
|
// but if so, the CAS is guaranteed to fail. |
615 |
|
|
if (casTail(t, p)) |
616 |
|
|
return; |
617 |
|
|
else |
618 |
|
|
continue restartFromTail; |
619 |
|
|
} |
620 |
|
|
else if (t != tail) |
621 |
|
|
continue restartFromTail; |
622 |
|
|
else |
623 |
|
|
p = q; |
624 |
|
|
} |
625 |
|
|
} |
626 |
|
|
} |
627 |
|
|
|
628 |
|
|
private void skipDeletedPredecessors(Node<E> x) { |
629 |
|
|
whileActive: |
630 |
|
|
do { |
631 |
|
|
Node<E> prev = x.prev; |
632 |
|
|
// assert prev != null; |
633 |
|
|
// assert x != NEXT_TERMINATOR; |
634 |
|
|
// assert x != PREV_TERMINATOR; |
635 |
|
|
Node<E> p = prev; |
636 |
|
|
findActive: |
637 |
|
|
for (;;) { |
638 |
|
|
if (p.item != null) |
639 |
|
|
break findActive; |
640 |
|
|
Node<E> q = p.prev; |
641 |
|
|
if (q == null) { |
642 |
|
|
if (p.next == p) |
643 |
|
|
continue whileActive; |
644 |
|
|
break findActive; |
645 |
|
|
} |
646 |
|
|
else if (p == q) |
647 |
|
|
continue whileActive; |
648 |
|
|
else |
649 |
|
|
p = q; |
650 |
|
|
} |
651 |
|
|
|
652 |
|
|
// found active CAS target |
653 |
|
|
if (prev == p || x.casPrev(prev, p)) |
654 |
|
|
return; |
655 |
|
|
|
656 |
|
|
} while (x.item != null || x.next == null); |
657 |
|
|
} |
658 |
|
|
|
659 |
|
|
private void skipDeletedSuccessors(Node<E> x) { |
660 |
|
|
whileActive: |
661 |
|
|
do { |
662 |
|
|
Node<E> next = x.next; |
663 |
|
|
// assert next != null; |
664 |
|
|
// assert x != NEXT_TERMINATOR; |
665 |
|
|
// assert x != PREV_TERMINATOR; |
666 |
|
|
Node<E> p = next; |
667 |
|
|
findActive: |
668 |
|
|
for (;;) { |
669 |
|
|
if (p.item != null) |
670 |
|
|
break findActive; |
671 |
|
|
Node<E> q = p.next; |
672 |
|
|
if (q == null) { |
673 |
|
|
if (p.prev == p) |
674 |
|
|
continue whileActive; |
675 |
|
|
break findActive; |
676 |
|
|
} |
677 |
|
|
else if (p == q) |
678 |
|
|
continue whileActive; |
679 |
|
|
else |
680 |
|
|
p = q; |
681 |
|
|
} |
682 |
|
|
|
683 |
|
|
// found active CAS target |
684 |
|
|
if (next == p || x.casNext(next, p)) |
685 |
|
|
return; |
686 |
|
|
|
687 |
|
|
} while (x.item != null || x.prev == null); |
688 |
|
|
} |
689 |
|
|
|
690 |
|
|
/** |
691 |
|
|
* Returns the successor of p, or the first node if p.next has been |
692 |
|
|
* linked to self, which will only be true if traversing with a |
693 |
|
|
* stale pointer that is now off the list. |
694 |
|
|
*/ |
695 |
|
|
final Node<E> succ(Node<E> p) { |
696 |
|
|
// TODO: should we skip deleted nodes here? |
697 |
|
|
Node<E> q = p.next; |
698 |
|
|
return (p == q) ? first() : q; |
699 |
|
|
} |
700 |
|
|
|
701 |
|
|
/** |
702 |
|
|
* Returns the predecessor of p, or the last node if p.prev has been |
703 |
|
|
* linked to self, which will only be true if traversing with a |
704 |
|
|
* stale pointer that is now off the list. |
705 |
|
|
*/ |
706 |
|
|
final Node<E> pred(Node<E> p) { |
707 |
|
|
Node<E> q = p.prev; |
708 |
|
|
return (p == q) ? last() : q; |
709 |
|
|
} |
710 |
|
|
|
711 |
|
|
/** |
712 |
|
|
* Returns the first node, the unique node p for which: |
713 |
|
|
* p.prev == null && p.next != p |
714 |
|
|
* The returned node may or may not be logically deleted. |
715 |
|
|
* Guarantees that head is set to the returned node. |
716 |
|
|
*/ |
717 |
|
|
Node<E> first() { |
718 |
|
|
restartFromHead: |
719 |
|
|
for (;;) |
720 |
|
|
for (Node<E> h = head, p = h, q;;) { |
721 |
|
|
if ((q = p.prev) != null && |
722 |
|
|
(q = (p = q).prev) != null) |
723 |
|
|
// Check for head updates every other hop. |
724 |
|
|
// If p == q, we are sure to follow head instead. |
725 |
|
|
p = (h != (h = head)) ? h : q; |
726 |
|
|
else if (p == h |
727 |
|
|
// It is possible that p is PREV_TERMINATOR, |
728 |
|
|
// but if so, the CAS is guaranteed to fail. |
729 |
|
|
|| casHead(h, p)) |
730 |
|
|
return p; |
731 |
|
|
else |
732 |
|
|
continue restartFromHead; |
733 |
|
|
} |
734 |
|
|
} |
735 |
|
|
|
736 |
|
|
/** |
737 |
|
|
* Returns the last node, the unique node p for which: |
738 |
|
|
* p.next == null && p.prev != p |
739 |
|
|
* The returned node may or may not be logically deleted. |
740 |
|
|
* Guarantees that tail is set to the returned node. |
741 |
|
|
*/ |
742 |
|
|
Node<E> last() { |
743 |
|
|
restartFromTail: |
744 |
|
|
for (;;) |
745 |
|
|
for (Node<E> t = tail, p = t, q;;) { |
746 |
|
|
if ((q = p.next) != null && |
747 |
|
|
(q = (p = q).next) != null) |
748 |
|
|
// Check for tail updates every other hop. |
749 |
|
|
// If p == q, we are sure to follow tail instead. |
750 |
|
|
p = (t != (t = tail)) ? t : q; |
751 |
|
|
else if (p == t |
752 |
|
|
// It is possible that p is NEXT_TERMINATOR, |
753 |
|
|
// but if so, the CAS is guaranteed to fail. |
754 |
|
|
|| casTail(t, p)) |
755 |
|
|
return p; |
756 |
|
|
else |
757 |
|
|
continue restartFromTail; |
758 |
|
|
} |
759 |
|
|
} |
760 |
|
|
|
761 |
|
|
// Minor convenience utilities |
762 |
|
|
|
763 |
|
|
/** |
764 |
|
|
* Throws NullPointerException if argument is null. |
765 |
|
|
* |
766 |
|
|
* @param v the element |
767 |
|
|
*/ |
768 |
|
|
private static void checkNotNull(Object v) { |
769 |
|
|
if (v == null) |
770 |
|
|
throw new NullPointerException(); |
771 |
|
|
} |
772 |
|
|
|
773 |
|
|
/** |
774 |
|
|
* Returns element unless it is null, in which case throws |
775 |
|
|
* NoSuchElementException. |
776 |
|
|
* |
777 |
|
|
* @param v the element |
778 |
|
|
* @return the element |
779 |
|
|
*/ |
780 |
|
|
private E screenNullResult(E v) { |
781 |
|
|
if (v == null) |
782 |
|
|
throw new NoSuchElementException(); |
783 |
|
|
return v; |
784 |
|
|
} |
785 |
|
|
|
786 |
|
|
/** |
787 |
|
|
* Creates an array list and fills it with elements of this list. |
788 |
|
|
* Used by toArray. |
789 |
|
|
* |
790 |
jsr166 |
1.2 |
* @return the array list |
791 |
dl |
1.1 |
*/ |
792 |
|
|
private ArrayList<E> toArrayList() { |
793 |
|
|
ArrayList<E> list = new ArrayList<E>(); |
794 |
|
|
for (Node<E> p = first(); p != null; p = succ(p)) { |
795 |
|
|
E item = p.item; |
796 |
|
|
if (item != null) |
797 |
|
|
list.add(item); |
798 |
|
|
} |
799 |
|
|
return list; |
800 |
|
|
} |
801 |
|
|
|
802 |
|
|
/** |
803 |
|
|
* Constructs an empty deque. |
804 |
|
|
*/ |
805 |
|
|
public ConcurrentLinkedDeque() { |
806 |
|
|
head = tail = new Node<E>(null); |
807 |
|
|
} |
808 |
|
|
|
809 |
|
|
/** |
810 |
|
|
* Constructs a deque initially containing the elements of |
811 |
|
|
* the given collection, added in traversal order of the |
812 |
|
|
* collection's iterator. |
813 |
|
|
* |
814 |
|
|
* @param c the collection of elements to initially contain |
815 |
|
|
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection or any |
816 |
|
|
* of its elements are null |
817 |
|
|
*/ |
818 |
|
|
public ConcurrentLinkedDeque(Collection<? extends E> c) { |
819 |
|
|
// Copy c into a private chain of Nodes |
820 |
|
|
Node<E> h = null, t = null; |
821 |
|
|
for (E e : c) { |
822 |
|
|
checkNotNull(e); |
823 |
|
|
Node<E> newNode = new Node<E>(e); |
824 |
|
|
if (h == null) |
825 |
|
|
h = t = newNode; |
826 |
|
|
else { |
827 |
|
|
t.lazySetNext(newNode); |
828 |
|
|
newNode.lazySetPrev(t); |
829 |
|
|
t = newNode; |
830 |
|
|
} |
831 |
|
|
} |
832 |
|
|
initHeadTail(h, t); |
833 |
|
|
} |
834 |
|
|
|
835 |
|
|
/** |
836 |
|
|
* Initializes head and tail, ensuring invariants hold. |
837 |
|
|
*/ |
838 |
|
|
private void initHeadTail(Node<E> h, Node<E> t) { |
839 |
|
|
if (h == t) { |
840 |
|
|
if (h == null) |
841 |
|
|
h = t = new Node<E>(null); |
842 |
|
|
else { |
843 |
|
|
// Avoid edge case of a single Node with non-null item. |
844 |
|
|
Node<E> newNode = new Node<E>(null); |
845 |
|
|
t.lazySetNext(newNode); |
846 |
|
|
newNode.lazySetPrev(t); |
847 |
|
|
t = newNode; |
848 |
|
|
} |
849 |
|
|
} |
850 |
|
|
head = h; |
851 |
|
|
tail = t; |
852 |
|
|
} |
853 |
|
|
|
854 |
|
|
/** |
855 |
|
|
* Inserts the specified element at the front of this deque. |
856 |
|
|
* As the deque is unbounded, this method will never throw |
857 |
|
|
* {@link IllegalStateException}. |
858 |
|
|
* |
859 |
|
|
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null |
860 |
|
|
*/ |
861 |
|
|
public void addFirst(E e) { |
862 |
|
|
linkFirst(e); |
863 |
|
|
} |
864 |
|
|
|
865 |
|
|
/** |
866 |
|
|
* Inserts the specified element at the end of this deque. |
867 |
|
|
* As the deque is unbounded, this method will never throw |
868 |
|
|
* {@link IllegalStateException}. |
869 |
|
|
* |
870 |
|
|
* <p>This method is equivalent to {@link #add}. |
871 |
|
|
* |
872 |
|
|
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null |
873 |
|
|
*/ |
874 |
|
|
public void addLast(E e) { |
875 |
|
|
linkLast(e); |
876 |
|
|
} |
877 |
|
|
|
878 |
|
|
/** |
879 |
|
|
* Inserts the specified element at the front of this deque. |
880 |
|
|
* As the deque is unbounded, this method will never return {@code false}. |
881 |
|
|
* |
882 |
|
|
* @return {@code true} (as specified by {@link Deque#offerFirst}) |
883 |
|
|
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null |
884 |
|
|
*/ |
885 |
|
|
public boolean offerFirst(E e) { |
886 |
|
|
linkFirst(e); |
887 |
|
|
return true; |
888 |
|
|
} |
889 |
|
|
|
890 |
|
|
/** |
891 |
|
|
* Inserts the specified element at the end of this deque. |
892 |
|
|
* As the deque is unbounded, this method will never return {@code false}. |
893 |
|
|
* |
894 |
|
|
* <p>This method is equivalent to {@link #add}. |
895 |
|
|
* |
896 |
|
|
* @return {@code true} (as specified by {@link Deque#offerLast}) |
897 |
|
|
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null |
898 |
|
|
*/ |
899 |
|
|
public boolean offerLast(E e) { |
900 |
|
|
linkLast(e); |
901 |
|
|
return true; |
902 |
|
|
} |
903 |
|
|
|
904 |
|
|
public E peekFirst() { |
905 |
|
|
for (Node<E> p = first(); p != null; p = succ(p)) { |
906 |
|
|
E item = p.item; |
907 |
|
|
if (item != null) |
908 |
|
|
return item; |
909 |
|
|
} |
910 |
|
|
return null; |
911 |
|
|
} |
912 |
|
|
|
913 |
|
|
public E peekLast() { |
914 |
|
|
for (Node<E> p = last(); p != null; p = pred(p)) { |
915 |
|
|
E item = p.item; |
916 |
|
|
if (item != null) |
917 |
|
|
return item; |
918 |
|
|
} |
919 |
|
|
return null; |
920 |
|
|
} |
921 |
|
|
|
922 |
|
|
/** |
923 |
|
|
* @throws NoSuchElementException {@inheritDoc} |
924 |
|
|
*/ |
925 |
|
|
public E getFirst() { |
926 |
|
|
return screenNullResult(peekFirst()); |
927 |
|
|
} |
928 |
|
|
|
929 |
|
|
/** |
930 |
|
|
* @throws NoSuchElementException {@inheritDoc} |
931 |
|
|
*/ |
932 |
|
|
public E getLast() { |
933 |
|
|
return screenNullResult(peekLast()); |
934 |
|
|
} |
935 |
|
|
|
936 |
|
|
public E pollFirst() { |
937 |
|
|
for (Node<E> p = first(); p != null; p = succ(p)) { |
938 |
|
|
E item = p.item; |
939 |
|
|
if (item != null && p.casItem(item, null)) { |
940 |
|
|
unlink(p); |
941 |
|
|
return item; |
942 |
|
|
} |
943 |
|
|
} |
944 |
|
|
return null; |
945 |
|
|
} |
946 |
|
|
|
947 |
|
|
public E pollLast() { |
948 |
|
|
for (Node<E> p = last(); p != null; p = pred(p)) { |
949 |
|
|
E item = p.item; |
950 |
|
|
if (item != null && p.casItem(item, null)) { |
951 |
|
|
unlink(p); |
952 |
|
|
return item; |
953 |
|
|
} |
954 |
|
|
} |
955 |
|
|
return null; |
956 |
|
|
} |
957 |
|
|
|
958 |
|
|
/** |
959 |
|
|
* @throws NoSuchElementException {@inheritDoc} |
960 |
|
|
*/ |
961 |
|
|
public E removeFirst() { |
962 |
|
|
return screenNullResult(pollFirst()); |
963 |
|
|
} |
964 |
|
|
|
965 |
|
|
/** |
966 |
|
|
* @throws NoSuchElementException {@inheritDoc} |
967 |
|
|
*/ |
968 |
|
|
public E removeLast() { |
969 |
|
|
return screenNullResult(pollLast()); |
970 |
|
|
} |
971 |
|
|
|
972 |
|
|
// *** Queue and stack methods *** |
973 |
|
|
|
974 |
|
|
/** |
975 |
|
|
* Inserts the specified element at the tail of this deque. |
976 |
|
|
* As the deque is unbounded, this method will never return {@code false}. |
977 |
|
|
* |
978 |
|
|
* @return {@code true} (as specified by {@link Queue#offer}) |
979 |
|
|
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null |
980 |
|
|
*/ |
981 |
|
|
public boolean offer(E e) { |
982 |
|
|
return offerLast(e); |
983 |
|
|
} |
984 |
|
|
|
985 |
|
|
/** |
986 |
|
|
* Inserts the specified element at the tail of this deque. |
987 |
|
|
* As the deque is unbounded, this method will never throw |
988 |
|
|
* {@link IllegalStateException} or return {@code false}. |
989 |
|
|
* |
990 |
|
|
* @return {@code true} (as specified by {@link Collection#add}) |
991 |
|
|
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null |
992 |
|
|
*/ |
993 |
|
|
public boolean add(E e) { |
994 |
|
|
return offerLast(e); |
995 |
|
|
} |
996 |
|
|
|
997 |
|
|
public E poll() { return pollFirst(); } |
998 |
|
|
public E remove() { return removeFirst(); } |
999 |
|
|
public E peek() { return peekFirst(); } |
1000 |
|
|
public E element() { return getFirst(); } |
1001 |
|
|
public void push(E e) { addFirst(e); } |
1002 |
|
|
public E pop() { return removeFirst(); } |
1003 |
|
|
|
1004 |
|
|
/** |
1005 |
|
|
* Removes the first element {@code e} such that |
1006 |
|
|
* {@code o.equals(e)}, if such an element exists in this deque. |
1007 |
|
|
* If the deque does not contain the element, it is unchanged. |
1008 |
|
|
* |
1009 |
|
|
* @param o element to be removed from this deque, if present |
1010 |
|
|
* @return {@code true} if the deque contained the specified element |
1011 |
|
|
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null |
1012 |
|
|
*/ |
1013 |
|
|
public boolean removeFirstOccurrence(Object o) { |
1014 |
|
|
checkNotNull(o); |
1015 |
|
|
for (Node<E> p = first(); p != null; p = succ(p)) { |
1016 |
|
|
E item = p.item; |
1017 |
|
|
if (item != null && o.equals(item) && p.casItem(item, null)) { |
1018 |
|
|
unlink(p); |
1019 |
|
|
return true; |
1020 |
|
|
} |
1021 |
|
|
} |
1022 |
|
|
return false; |
1023 |
|
|
} |
1024 |
|
|
|
1025 |
|
|
/** |
1026 |
|
|
* Removes the last element {@code e} such that |
1027 |
|
|
* {@code o.equals(e)}, if such an element exists in this deque. |
1028 |
|
|
* If the deque does not contain the element, it is unchanged. |
1029 |
|
|
* |
1030 |
|
|
* @param o element to be removed from this deque, if present |
1031 |
|
|
* @return {@code true} if the deque contained the specified element |
1032 |
|
|
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null |
1033 |
|
|
*/ |
1034 |
|
|
public boolean removeLastOccurrence(Object o) { |
1035 |
|
|
checkNotNull(o); |
1036 |
|
|
for (Node<E> p = last(); p != null; p = pred(p)) { |
1037 |
|
|
E item = p.item; |
1038 |
|
|
if (item != null && o.equals(item) && p.casItem(item, null)) { |
1039 |
|
|
unlink(p); |
1040 |
|
|
return true; |
1041 |
|
|
} |
1042 |
|
|
} |
1043 |
|
|
return false; |
1044 |
|
|
} |
1045 |
|
|
|
1046 |
|
|
/** |
1047 |
|
|
* Returns {@code true} if this deque contains at least one |
1048 |
|
|
* element {@code e} such that {@code o.equals(e)}. |
1049 |
|
|
* |
1050 |
|
|
* @param o element whose presence in this deque is to be tested |
1051 |
|
|
* @return {@code true} if this deque contains the specified element |
1052 |
|
|
*/ |
1053 |
|
|
public boolean contains(Object o) { |
1054 |
|
|
if (o == null) return false; |
1055 |
|
|
for (Node<E> p = first(); p != null; p = succ(p)) { |
1056 |
|
|
E item = p.item; |
1057 |
|
|
if (item != null && o.equals(item)) |
1058 |
|
|
return true; |
1059 |
|
|
} |
1060 |
|
|
return false; |
1061 |
|
|
} |
1062 |
|
|
|
1063 |
|
|
/** |
1064 |
|
|
* Returns {@code true} if this collection contains no elements. |
1065 |
|
|
* |
1066 |
|
|
* @return {@code true} if this collection contains no elements |
1067 |
|
|
*/ |
1068 |
|
|
public boolean isEmpty() { |
1069 |
|
|
return peekFirst() == null; |
1070 |
|
|
} |
1071 |
|
|
|
1072 |
|
|
/** |
1073 |
|
|
* Returns the number of elements in this deque. If this deque |
1074 |
|
|
* contains more than {@code Integer.MAX_VALUE} elements, it |
1075 |
|
|
* returns {@code Integer.MAX_VALUE}. |
1076 |
|
|
* |
1077 |
|
|
* <p>Beware that, unlike in most collections, this method is |
1078 |
|
|
* <em>NOT</em> a constant-time operation. Because of the |
1079 |
|
|
* asynchronous nature of these deques, determining the current |
1080 |
|
|
* number of elements requires traversing them all to count them. |
1081 |
|
|
* Additionally, it is possible for the size to change during |
1082 |
|
|
* execution of this method, in which case the returned result |
1083 |
|
|
* will be inaccurate. Thus, this method is typically not very |
1084 |
|
|
* useful in concurrent applications. |
1085 |
|
|
* |
1086 |
|
|
* @return the number of elements in this deque |
1087 |
|
|
*/ |
1088 |
|
|
public int size() { |
1089 |
|
|
int count = 0; |
1090 |
|
|
for (Node<E> p = first(); p != null; p = succ(p)) |
1091 |
|
|
if (p.item != null) |
1092 |
|
|
// Collection.size() spec says to max out |
1093 |
|
|
if (++count == Integer.MAX_VALUE) |
1094 |
|
|
break; |
1095 |
|
|
return count; |
1096 |
|
|
} |
1097 |
|
|
|
1098 |
|
|
/** |
1099 |
|
|
* Removes the first element {@code e} such that |
1100 |
|
|
* {@code o.equals(e)}, if such an element exists in this deque. |
1101 |
|
|
* If the deque does not contain the element, it is unchanged. |
1102 |
|
|
* |
1103 |
|
|
* @param o element to be removed from this deque, if present |
1104 |
|
|
* @return {@code true} if the deque contained the specified element |
1105 |
|
|
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null |
1106 |
|
|
*/ |
1107 |
|
|
public boolean remove(Object o) { |
1108 |
|
|
return removeFirstOccurrence(o); |
1109 |
|
|
} |
1110 |
|
|
|
1111 |
|
|
/** |
1112 |
|
|
* Appends all of the elements in the specified collection to the end of |
1113 |
|
|
* this deque, in the order that they are returned by the specified |
1114 |
|
|
* collection's iterator. Attempts to {@code addAll} of a deque to |
1115 |
|
|
* itself result in {@code IllegalArgumentException}. |
1116 |
|
|
* |
1117 |
|
|
* @param c the elements to be inserted into this deque |
1118 |
|
|
* @return {@code true} if this deque changed as a result of the call |
1119 |
|
|
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection or any |
1120 |
|
|
* of its elements are null |
1121 |
|
|
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the collection is this deque |
1122 |
|
|
*/ |
1123 |
|
|
public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) { |
1124 |
|
|
if (c == this) |
1125 |
|
|
// As historically specified in AbstractQueue#addAll |
1126 |
|
|
throw new IllegalArgumentException(); |
1127 |
|
|
|
1128 |
|
|
// Copy c into a private chain of Nodes |
1129 |
|
|
Node<E> beginningOfTheEnd = null, last = null; |
1130 |
|
|
for (E e : c) { |
1131 |
|
|
checkNotNull(e); |
1132 |
|
|
Node<E> newNode = new Node<E>(e); |
1133 |
|
|
if (beginningOfTheEnd == null) |
1134 |
|
|
beginningOfTheEnd = last = newNode; |
1135 |
|
|
else { |
1136 |
|
|
last.lazySetNext(newNode); |
1137 |
|
|
newNode.lazySetPrev(last); |
1138 |
|
|
last = newNode; |
1139 |
|
|
} |
1140 |
|
|
} |
1141 |
|
|
if (beginningOfTheEnd == null) |
1142 |
|
|
return false; |
1143 |
|
|
|
1144 |
|
|
// Atomically append the chain at the tail of this collection |
1145 |
|
|
restartFromTail: |
1146 |
|
|
for (;;) |
1147 |
|
|
for (Node<E> t = tail, p = t, q;;) { |
1148 |
|
|
if ((q = p.next) != null && |
1149 |
|
|
(q = (p = q).next) != null) |
1150 |
|
|
// Check for tail updates every other hop. |
1151 |
|
|
// If p == q, we are sure to follow tail instead. |
1152 |
|
|
p = (t != (t = tail)) ? t : q; |
1153 |
|
|
else if (p.prev == p) // NEXT_TERMINATOR |
1154 |
|
|
continue restartFromTail; |
1155 |
|
|
else { |
1156 |
|
|
// p is last node |
1157 |
|
|
beginningOfTheEnd.lazySetPrev(p); // CAS piggyback |
1158 |
|
|
if (p.casNext(null, beginningOfTheEnd)) { |
1159 |
|
|
// Successful CAS is the linearization point |
1160 |
|
|
// for all elements to be added to this deque. |
1161 |
|
|
if (!casTail(t, last)) { |
1162 |
|
|
// Try a little harder to update tail, |
1163 |
|
|
// since we may be adding many elements. |
1164 |
|
|
t = tail; |
1165 |
|
|
if (last.next == null) |
1166 |
|
|
casTail(t, last); |
1167 |
|
|
} |
1168 |
|
|
return true; |
1169 |
|
|
} |
1170 |
|
|
// Lost CAS race to another thread; re-read next |
1171 |
|
|
} |
1172 |
|
|
} |
1173 |
|
|
} |
1174 |
|
|
|
1175 |
|
|
/** |
1176 |
|
|
* Removes all of the elements from this deque. |
1177 |
|
|
*/ |
1178 |
|
|
public void clear() { |
1179 |
|
|
while (pollFirst() != null) |
1180 |
|
|
; |
1181 |
|
|
} |
1182 |
|
|
|
1183 |
|
|
/** |
1184 |
|
|
* Returns an array containing all of the elements in this deque, in |
1185 |
|
|
* proper sequence (from first to last element). |
1186 |
|
|
* |
1187 |
|
|
* <p>The returned array will be "safe" in that no references to it are |
1188 |
|
|
* maintained by this deque. (In other words, this method must allocate |
1189 |
|
|
* a new array). The caller is thus free to modify the returned array. |
1190 |
|
|
* |
1191 |
|
|
* <p>This method acts as bridge between array-based and collection-based |
1192 |
|
|
* APIs. |
1193 |
|
|
* |
1194 |
|
|
* @return an array containing all of the elements in this deque |
1195 |
|
|
*/ |
1196 |
|
|
public Object[] toArray() { |
1197 |
|
|
return toArrayList().toArray(); |
1198 |
|
|
} |
1199 |
|
|
|
1200 |
|
|
/** |
1201 |
|
|
* Returns an array containing all of the elements in this deque, |
1202 |
|
|
* in proper sequence (from first to last element); the runtime |
1203 |
|
|
* type of the returned array is that of the specified array. If |
1204 |
|
|
* the deque fits in the specified array, it is returned therein. |
1205 |
|
|
* Otherwise, a new array is allocated with the runtime type of |
1206 |
|
|
* the specified array and the size of this deque. |
1207 |
|
|
* |
1208 |
|
|
* <p>If this deque fits in the specified array with room to spare |
1209 |
|
|
* (i.e., the array has more elements than this deque), the element in |
1210 |
|
|
* the array immediately following the end of the deque is set to |
1211 |
|
|
* {@code null}. |
1212 |
|
|
* |
1213 |
|
|
* <p>Like the {@link #toArray()} method, this method acts as |
1214 |
|
|
* bridge between array-based and collection-based APIs. Further, |
1215 |
|
|
* this method allows precise control over the runtime type of the |
1216 |
|
|
* output array, and may, under certain circumstances, be used to |
1217 |
|
|
* save allocation costs. |
1218 |
|
|
* |
1219 |
|
|
* <p>Suppose {@code x} is a deque known to contain only strings. |
1220 |
|
|
* The following code can be used to dump the deque into a newly |
1221 |
|
|
* allocated array of {@code String}: |
1222 |
|
|
* |
1223 |
|
|
* <pre> {@code String[] y = x.toArray(new String[0]);}</pre> |
1224 |
|
|
* |
1225 |
|
|
* Note that {@code toArray(new Object[0])} is identical in function to |
1226 |
|
|
* {@code toArray()}. |
1227 |
|
|
* |
1228 |
|
|
* @param a the array into which the elements of the deque are to |
1229 |
|
|
* be stored, if it is big enough; otherwise, a new array of the |
1230 |
|
|
* same runtime type is allocated for this purpose |
1231 |
|
|
* @return an array containing all of the elements in this deque |
1232 |
|
|
* @throws ArrayStoreException if the runtime type of the specified array |
1233 |
|
|
* is not a supertype of the runtime type of every element in |
1234 |
|
|
* this deque |
1235 |
|
|
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified array is null |
1236 |
|
|
*/ |
1237 |
|
|
public <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) { |
1238 |
|
|
return toArrayList().toArray(a); |
1239 |
|
|
} |
1240 |
|
|
|
1241 |
|
|
/** |
1242 |
|
|
* Returns an iterator over the elements in this deque in proper sequence. |
1243 |
|
|
* The elements will be returned in order from first (head) to last (tail). |
1244 |
|
|
* |
1245 |
|
|
* <p>The returned iterator is a "weakly consistent" iterator that |
1246 |
|
|
* will never throw {@link java.util.ConcurrentModificationException |
1247 |
|
|
* ConcurrentModificationException}, and guarantees to traverse |
1248 |
|
|
* elements as they existed upon construction of the iterator, and |
1249 |
|
|
* may (but is not guaranteed to) reflect any modifications |
1250 |
|
|
* subsequent to construction. |
1251 |
|
|
* |
1252 |
|
|
* @return an iterator over the elements in this deque in proper sequence |
1253 |
|
|
*/ |
1254 |
|
|
public Iterator<E> iterator() { |
1255 |
|
|
return new Itr(); |
1256 |
|
|
} |
1257 |
|
|
|
1258 |
|
|
/** |
1259 |
|
|
* Returns an iterator over the elements in this deque in reverse |
1260 |
|
|
* sequential order. The elements will be returned in order from |
1261 |
|
|
* last (tail) to first (head). |
1262 |
|
|
* |
1263 |
|
|
* <p>The returned iterator is a "weakly consistent" iterator that |
1264 |
|
|
* will never throw {@link java.util.ConcurrentModificationException |
1265 |
|
|
* ConcurrentModificationException}, and guarantees to traverse |
1266 |
|
|
* elements as they existed upon construction of the iterator, and |
1267 |
|
|
* may (but is not guaranteed to) reflect any modifications |
1268 |
|
|
* subsequent to construction. |
1269 |
|
|
* |
1270 |
|
|
* @return an iterator over the elements in this deque in reverse order |
1271 |
|
|
*/ |
1272 |
|
|
public Iterator<E> descendingIterator() { |
1273 |
|
|
return new DescendingItr(); |
1274 |
|
|
} |
1275 |
|
|
|
1276 |
|
|
private abstract class AbstractItr implements Iterator<E> { |
1277 |
|
|
/** |
1278 |
|
|
* Next node to return item for. |
1279 |
|
|
*/ |
1280 |
|
|
private Node<E> nextNode; |
1281 |
|
|
|
1282 |
|
|
/** |
1283 |
|
|
* nextItem holds on to item fields because once we claim |
1284 |
|
|
* that an element exists in hasNext(), we must return it in |
1285 |
|
|
* the following next() call even if it was in the process of |
1286 |
|
|
* being removed when hasNext() was called. |
1287 |
|
|
*/ |
1288 |
|
|
private E nextItem; |
1289 |
|
|
|
1290 |
|
|
/** |
1291 |
|
|
* Node returned by most recent call to next. Needed by remove. |
1292 |
|
|
* Reset to null if this element is deleted by a call to remove. |
1293 |
|
|
*/ |
1294 |
|
|
private Node<E> lastRet; |
1295 |
|
|
|
1296 |
|
|
abstract Node<E> startNode(); |
1297 |
|
|
abstract Node<E> nextNode(Node<E> p); |
1298 |
|
|
|
1299 |
|
|
AbstractItr() { |
1300 |
|
|
advance(); |
1301 |
|
|
} |
1302 |
|
|
|
1303 |
|
|
/** |
1304 |
|
|
* Sets nextNode and nextItem to next valid node, or to null |
1305 |
|
|
* if no such. |
1306 |
|
|
*/ |
1307 |
|
|
private void advance() { |
1308 |
|
|
lastRet = nextNode; |
1309 |
|
|
|
1310 |
|
|
Node<E> p = (nextNode == null) ? startNode() : nextNode(nextNode); |
1311 |
|
|
for (;; p = nextNode(p)) { |
1312 |
|
|
if (p == null) { |
1313 |
|
|
// p might be active end or TERMINATOR node; both are OK |
1314 |
|
|
nextNode = null; |
1315 |
|
|
nextItem = null; |
1316 |
|
|
break; |
1317 |
|
|
} |
1318 |
|
|
E item = p.item; |
1319 |
|
|
if (item != null) { |
1320 |
|
|
nextNode = p; |
1321 |
|
|
nextItem = item; |
1322 |
|
|
break; |
1323 |
|
|
} |
1324 |
|
|
} |
1325 |
|
|
} |
1326 |
|
|
|
1327 |
|
|
public boolean hasNext() { |
1328 |
|
|
return nextItem != null; |
1329 |
|
|
} |
1330 |
|
|
|
1331 |
|
|
public E next() { |
1332 |
|
|
E item = nextItem; |
1333 |
|
|
if (item == null) throw new NoSuchElementException(); |
1334 |
|
|
advance(); |
1335 |
|
|
return item; |
1336 |
|
|
} |
1337 |
|
|
|
1338 |
|
|
public void remove() { |
1339 |
|
|
Node<E> l = lastRet; |
1340 |
|
|
if (l == null) throw new IllegalStateException(); |
1341 |
|
|
l.item = null; |
1342 |
|
|
unlink(l); |
1343 |
|
|
lastRet = null; |
1344 |
|
|
} |
1345 |
|
|
} |
1346 |
|
|
|
1347 |
|
|
/** Forward iterator */ |
1348 |
|
|
private class Itr extends AbstractItr { |
1349 |
|
|
Node<E> startNode() { return first(); } |
1350 |
|
|
Node<E> nextNode(Node<E> p) { return succ(p); } |
1351 |
|
|
} |
1352 |
|
|
|
1353 |
|
|
/** Descending iterator */ |
1354 |
|
|
private class DescendingItr extends AbstractItr { |
1355 |
|
|
Node<E> startNode() { return last(); } |
1356 |
|
|
Node<E> nextNode(Node<E> p) { return pred(p); } |
1357 |
|
|
} |
1358 |
|
|
|
1359 |
|
|
/** |
1360 |
|
|
* Saves this deque to a stream (that is, serializes it). |
1361 |
|
|
* |
1362 |
|
|
* @serialData All of the elements (each an {@code E}) in |
1363 |
|
|
* the proper order, followed by a null |
1364 |
|
|
*/ |
1365 |
|
|
private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s) |
1366 |
|
|
throws java.io.IOException { |
1367 |
|
|
|
1368 |
|
|
// Write out any hidden stuff |
1369 |
|
|
s.defaultWriteObject(); |
1370 |
|
|
|
1371 |
|
|
// Write out all elements in the proper order. |
1372 |
|
|
for (Node<E> p = first(); p != null; p = succ(p)) { |
1373 |
|
|
E item = p.item; |
1374 |
|
|
if (item != null) |
1375 |
|
|
s.writeObject(item); |
1376 |
|
|
} |
1377 |
|
|
|
1378 |
|
|
// Use trailing null as sentinel |
1379 |
|
|
s.writeObject(null); |
1380 |
|
|
} |
1381 |
|
|
|
1382 |
|
|
/** |
1383 |
|
|
* Reconstitutes this deque from a stream (that is, deserializes it). |
1384 |
|
|
*/ |
1385 |
|
|
private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s) |
1386 |
|
|
throws java.io.IOException, ClassNotFoundException { |
1387 |
|
|
s.defaultReadObject(); |
1388 |
|
|
|
1389 |
|
|
// Read in elements until trailing null sentinel found |
1390 |
|
|
Node<E> h = null, t = null; |
1391 |
|
|
Object item; |
1392 |
|
|
while ((item = s.readObject()) != null) { |
1393 |
|
|
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked") |
1394 |
|
|
Node<E> newNode = new Node<E>((E) item); |
1395 |
|
|
if (h == null) |
1396 |
|
|
h = t = newNode; |
1397 |
|
|
else { |
1398 |
|
|
t.lazySetNext(newNode); |
1399 |
|
|
newNode.lazySetPrev(t); |
1400 |
|
|
t = newNode; |
1401 |
|
|
} |
1402 |
|
|
} |
1403 |
|
|
initHeadTail(h, t); |
1404 |
|
|
} |
1405 |
|
|
|
1406 |
|
|
private boolean casHead(Node<E> cmp, Node<E> val) { |
1407 |
|
|
return UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, headOffset, cmp, val); |
1408 |
|
|
} |
1409 |
|
|
|
1410 |
|
|
private boolean casTail(Node<E> cmp, Node<E> val) { |
1411 |
|
|
return UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, tailOffset, cmp, val); |
1412 |
|
|
} |
1413 |
|
|
|
1414 |
|
|
// Unsafe mechanics |
1415 |
|
|
|
1416 |
|
|
private static final sun.misc.Unsafe UNSAFE; |
1417 |
|
|
private static final long headOffset; |
1418 |
|
|
private static final long tailOffset; |
1419 |
|
|
static { |
1420 |
|
|
PREV_TERMINATOR = new Node<Object>(); |
1421 |
|
|
PREV_TERMINATOR.next = PREV_TERMINATOR; |
1422 |
|
|
NEXT_TERMINATOR = new Node<Object>(); |
1423 |
|
|
NEXT_TERMINATOR.prev = NEXT_TERMINATOR; |
1424 |
|
|
try { |
1425 |
|
|
UNSAFE = sun.misc.Unsafe.getUnsafe(); |
1426 |
|
|
Class<?> k = ConcurrentLinkedDeque.class; |
1427 |
|
|
headOffset = UNSAFE.objectFieldOffset |
1428 |
|
|
(k.getDeclaredField("head")); |
1429 |
|
|
tailOffset = UNSAFE.objectFieldOffset |
1430 |
|
|
(k.getDeclaredField("tail")); |
1431 |
|
|
} catch (Exception e) { |
1432 |
|
|
throw new Error(e); |
1433 |
|
|
} |
1434 |
|
|
} |
1435 |
|
|
} |