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Comparing jsr166/src/jsr166x/ConcurrentSkipListSet.java (file contents):
Revision 1.1 by dl, Wed Aug 11 10:58:15 2004 UTC vs.
Revision 1.18 by jsr166, Wed Jan 16 00:53:17 2013 UTC

# Line 1 | Line 1
1   /*
2   * Written by Doug Lea with assistance from members of JCP JSR-166
3   * Expert Group and released to the public domain, as explained at
4 < * http://creativecommons.org/licenses/publicdomain
4 > * http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
5   */
6  
7 < package jsr166x;
7 > package jsr166x;
8  
9   import java.util.*;
10   import java.util.concurrent.*;
11  
12   /**
13 < * A scalable concurrent {@link SortedSet} and (priority) {@link
14 < * Queue} implementation based on a {@link ConcurrentSkipListMap}.
15 < * This class maintains a set in ascending order, sorted according to
16 < * the <i>natural order</i> for the element's class (see {@link
17 < * Comparable}), or by the comparator provided at creation time,
18 < * depending on which constructor is used.<p>
13 > * A scalable concurrent {@link NavigableSet} implementation based on
14 > * a {@link ConcurrentSkipListMap}.  This class maintains a set in
15 > * ascending order, sorted according to the <i>natural order</i> for
16 > * the element's class (see {@link Comparable}), or by the comparator
17 > * provided at creation time, depending on which constructor is
18 > * used.
19   *
20 < * This implementation provides expected average <i>log(n)</i> time
21 < * cost for the <tt>contains</tt>, <tt>add</tt>, and <tt>remove</tt>
20 > * <p>This implementation provides expected average <i>log(n)</i> time
21 > * cost for the {@code contains}, {@code add}, and {@code remove}
22   * operations and their variants.  Insertion, removal, and access
23   * operations safely execute concurrently by multiple
24   * threads. Iterators are <i>weakly consistent</i>, returning elements
25   * reflecting the state of the set at some point at or since the
26   * creation of the iterator.  They do <em>not</em> throw {@link
27 < * ConcurrentModificationException}, and may procede concurrently with
27 > * ConcurrentModificationException}, and may proceed concurrently with
28   * other operations.
29   *
30 < * <p>This class provides extended <tt>SortedSet</tt> methods
31 < * searching for closest matches. Methods <tt>lower</tt>,
32 < * <tt>floor</tt>, <tt>ceiling</tt>, and <tt>higher</tt> return
33 < * elements respectively less, less than or equal, greater than or
34 < * equal, and greater than a given value, returning null if there is
35 < * no such element.  These methods are designed for locating, not
36 < * traversing entries. To traverse, use iterators and/or
37 < * <tt>subset</tt>.
38 < *
39 < * <p>The class additionally supports {@link Queue} methods such as
40 < * <tt>poll</tt> that atomically returns and removes the first
41 < * element, if one exists. Thus, this class can serve as a priority
42 < * queue in which there are no duplicate elements.
43 < *
44 < * <p>The {@link ConcurrentSkipListSubSet} objects returned by methods
45 < * <tt>subset</tt>, <tt>headSet</tt>, and <tt>tailSet</tt> support the
46 < * same extended set of operations as this class, but operate on their
47 < * designated subrange of elements.
48 < *
49 < * <p>Beware that, unlike in most collections, the <tt>size</tt>
50 < * method is <em>NOT</em> a constant-time operation. Because of the
30 > * <p>Beware that, unlike in most collections, the {@code size}
31 > * method is <em>not</em> a constant-time operation. Because of the
32   * asynchronous nature of these sets, determining the current number
33 < * of elements requires a traversal of the elements.
33 > * of elements requires a traversal of the elements. Additionally, the
34 > * bulk operations {@code addAll}, {@code removeAll},
35 > * {@code retainAll}, and {@code containsAll} are <em>not</em>
36 > * guaranteed to be performed atomically. For example, an iterator
37 > * operating concurrently with an {@code addAll} operation might view
38 > * only some of the added elements.
39   *
40   * <p>This class and its iterators implement all of the
41   * <em>optional</em> methods of the {@link Set} and {@link Iterator}
42   * interfaces. Like most other concurrent collection implementations,
43 < * this class does not permit the use of <tt>null</tt> elements.
44 < * because null arguments and return values cannot be reliably
43 > * this class does not permit the use of {@code null} elements.
44 > * because {@code null} arguments and return values cannot be reliably
45   * distinguished from the absence of elements.
46   *
47   * @author Doug Lea
# Line 63 | Line 49 | import java.util.concurrent.*;
49   */
50   public class ConcurrentSkipListSet<E>
51      extends AbstractSet<E>
52 <    implements SortedSet<E>, Queue<E>, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable {
52 >    implements NavigableSet<E>, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable {
53  
54      private static final long serialVersionUID = -2479143111061671589L;
55  
# Line 74 | Line 60 | public class ConcurrentSkipListSet<E>
60       * fields of underlying map, but enables this field to be declared
61       * final, which is necessary for thread safety.
62       */
63 <    private final ConcurrentSkipListMap<E,Object> m;
63 >    private final ConcurrentSkipListMap<E,Object> m;
64  
65      /**
66       * Constructs a new, empty set, sorted according to the elements' natural
67 <     * order.
67 >     * order.
68       */
69      public ConcurrentSkipListSet() {
70          m = new ConcurrentSkipListMap<E,Object>();
# Line 86 | Line 72 | public class ConcurrentSkipListSet<E>
72  
73      /**
74       * Constructs a new, empty set, sorted according to the specified
75 <     * comparator.  
75 >     * comparator.
76       *
77       * @param c the comparator that will be used to sort this set.  A
78 <     *        <tt>null</tt> value indicates that the elements' <i>natural
78 >     *        {@code null} value indicates that the elements' <i>natural
79       *        ordering</i> should be used.
80       */
81      public ConcurrentSkipListSet(Comparator<? super E> c) {
# Line 100 | Line 86 | public class ConcurrentSkipListSet<E>
86       * Constructs a new set containing the elements in the specified
87       * collection, sorted according to the elements' <i>natural order</i>.
88       *
89 <     * @param c The elements that will comprise the new set.
89 >     * @param c The elements that will comprise the new set
90       *
91       * @throws ClassCastException if the elements in the specified
92 <     * collection are not comparable, or are not mutually comparable.
93 <     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection is null.
92 >     * collection are not comparable, or are not mutually comparable
93 >     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection is
94 >     * {@code null}
95       */
96      public ConcurrentSkipListSet(Collection<? extends E> c) {
97          m = new ConcurrentSkipListMap<E,Object>();
# Line 115 | Line 102 | public class ConcurrentSkipListSet<E>
102       * Constructs a new set containing the same elements as the specified
103       * sorted set, sorted according to the same ordering.
104       *
105 <     * @param s sorted set whose elements will comprise the new set.
106 <     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified sorted set is null.
105 >     * @param s sorted set whose elements will comprise the new set
106 >     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified sorted set is
107 >     * {@code null}
108       */
109      public ConcurrentSkipListSet(SortedSet<E> s) {
110          m = new ConcurrentSkipListMap<E,Object>(s.comparator());
# Line 127 | Line 115 | public class ConcurrentSkipListSet<E>
115       * Returns a shallow copy of this set. (The elements themselves
116       * are not cloned.)
117       *
118 <     * @return a shallow copy of this set.
118 >     * @return a shallow copy of this set
119       */
120      public Object clone() {
121          ConcurrentSkipListSet<E> clone = null;
122 <        try {
123 <            clone = (ConcurrentSkipListSet<E>) super.clone();
124 <        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
125 <            throw new InternalError();
126 <        }
122 >        try {
123 >            clone = (ConcurrentSkipListSet<E>) super.clone();
124 >        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
125 >            throw new InternalError();
126 >        }
127  
128          clone.m.initialize();
129          clone.addAll(this);
# Line 146 | Line 134 | public class ConcurrentSkipListSet<E>
134  
135      /**
136       * Returns the number of elements in this set.  If this set
137 <     * contains more than <tt>Integer.MAX_VALUE</tt> elements, it
138 <     * returns <tt>Integer.MAX_VALUE</tt>.
137 >     * contains more than {@code Integer.MAX_VALUE} elements, it
138 >     * returns {@code Integer.MAX_VALUE}.
139       *
140       * <p>Beware that, unlike in most collections, this method is
141       * <em>NOT</em> a constant-time operation. Because of the
# Line 158 | Line 146 | public class ConcurrentSkipListSet<E>
146       * will be inaccurate. Thus, this method is typically not very
147       * useful in concurrent applications.
148       *
149 <     * @return  the number of elements in this set.
149 >     * @return  the number of elements in this set
150       */
151      public int size() {
152 <        return m.size();
152 >        return m.size();
153      }
154  
155      /**
156 <     * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this set contains no elements.
157 <     * @return <tt>true</tt> if this set contains no elements.
156 >     * Returns {@code true} if this set contains no elements.
157 >     * @return {@code true} if this set contains no elements
158       */
159      public boolean isEmpty() {
160 <        return m.isEmpty();
160 >        return m.isEmpty();
161      }
162  
163      /**
164 <     * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this set contains the specified element.
164 >     * Returns {@code true} if this set contains the specified element.
165       *
166 <     * @param o the object to be checked for containment in this set.
167 <     * @return <tt>true</tt> if this set contains the specified element.
166 >     * @param o the object to be checked for containment in this set
167 >     * @return {@code true} if this set contains the specified element
168       *
169       * @throws ClassCastException if the specified object cannot be compared
170 <     *            with the elements currently in the set.
171 <     * @throws NullPointerException if o is <tt>null</tt>.
170 >     *            with the elements currently in the set
171 >     * @throws NullPointerException if o is {@code null}
172       */
173      public boolean contains(Object o) {
174 <        return m.containsKey(o);
174 >        return m.containsKey(o);
175      }
176  
177      /**
178       * Adds the specified element to this set if it is not already present.
179       *
180 <     * @param o element to be added to this set.
181 <     * @return <tt>true</tt> if the set did not already contain the specified
182 <     *         element.
180 >     * @param o element to be added to this set
181 >     * @return {@code true} if the set did not already contain the specified
182 >     *         element
183       *
184       * @throws ClassCastException if the specified object cannot be compared
185 <     *            with the elements currently in the set.
186 <     * @throws NullPointerException if o is <tt>null</tt>.
185 >     *            with the elements currently in the set
186 >     * @throws NullPointerException if o is {@code null}
187       */
188      public boolean add(E o) {
189 <        return m.putIfAbsent(o, Boolean.TRUE) == null;
189 >        return m.putIfAbsent(o, Boolean.TRUE) == null;
190      }
191  
192      /**
193       * Removes the specified element from this set if it is present.
194       *
195 <     * @param o object to be removed from this set, if present.
196 <     * @return <tt>true</tt> if the set contained the specified element.
195 >     * @param o object to be removed from this set, if present
196 >     * @return {@code true} if the set contained the specified element
197       *
198       * @throws ClassCastException if the specified object cannot be compared
199 <     *            with the elements currently in the set.
200 <     * @throws NullPointerException if o is <tt>null</tt>.
199 >     *            with the elements currently in the set
200 >     * @throws NullPointerException if o is {@code null}
201       */
202      public boolean remove(Object o) {
203 <        return m.removep(o);
203 >        return m.removep(o);
204      }
205  
206      /**
207       * Removes all of the elements from this set.
208       */
209      public void clear() {
210 <        m.clear();
210 >        m.clear();
211      }
212  
213      /**
214       * Returns an iterator over the elements in this set.  The elements
215       * are returned in ascending order.
216       *
217 <     * @return an iterator over the elements in this set.
217 >     * @return an iterator over the elements in this set
218       */
219      public Iterator<E> iterator() {
220 <        return m.keyIterator();
233 <    }
234 <    
235 <    /* ---------------- Queue operations -------------- */
236 <
237 <    /**
238 <     * Adds the specified element, or fails if this element is already
239 <     * present.
240 <     * @param o the element to insert.
241 <     * @return <tt>true</tt> if it was possible to add the element,
242 <     * else <tt>false</tt>
243 <     */
244 <    public boolean offer(E o) {
245 <        return add(o);
220 >        return m.keyIterator();
221      }
222  
223      /**
224 <     * Retrieves and removes the first (lowest) element.
224 >     * Returns an iterator over the elements in this set.  The elements
225 >     * are returned in descending order.
226       *
227 <     * @return the least element, or <tt>null</tt> if empty.
227 >     * @return an iterator over the elements in this set
228       */
229 <    public E poll() {
230 <        return m.removeFirstKey();
229 >    public Iterator<E> descendingIterator() {
230 >        return m.descendingKeyIterator();
231      }
232  
233 <    /**
234 <     * Retrieves and removes the first (lowest) element.  This method
235 <     * differs from the <tt>poll</tt> method in that it throws an
236 <     * exception if empty.
237 <     *
238 <     * @return the first (lowest) element.
239 <     * @throws NoSuchElementException if empty.
240 <     */
241 <    public E remove() {
242 <        E x = m.removeFirstKey();
243 <        if (x == null)
244 <            throw new NoSuchElementException();
245 <        return x;
233 >    /* ---------------- AbstractSet Overrides -------------- */
234 >
235 >    /**
236 >     * Compares the specified object with this set for equality.  Returns
237 >     * {@code true} if the specified object is also a set, the two sets
238 >     * have the same size, and every member of the specified set is
239 >     * contained in this set (or equivalently, every member of this set is
240 >     * contained in the specified set).  This definition ensures that the
241 >     * equals method works properly across different implementations of the
242 >     * set interface.
243 >     *
244 >     * @param o Object to be compared for equality with this set
245 >     * @return {@code true} if the specified Object is equal to this set
246 >     */
247 >    public boolean equals(Object o) {
248 >        // Override AbstractSet version to avoid calling size()
249 >        if (o == this)
250 >            return true;
251 >        if (!(o instanceof Set))
252 >            return false;
253 >        Collection c = (Collection) o;
254 >        try {
255 >            return containsAll(c) && c.containsAll(this);
256 >        } catch (ClassCastException unused) {
257 >            return false;
258 >        } catch (NullPointerException unused) {
259 >            return false;
260 >        }
261      }
262  
263      /**
264 <     * Retrieves, but does not remove, the first (lowest) element,
265 <     * returning <tt>null</tt> if empty.
266 <     *
267 <     * @return the first (lowest) element, or <tt>null</tt> if empty.
268 <     */
269 <    public E peek() {
270 <        return m.lowestKey();
264 >     * Removes from this set all of its elements that are contained in
265 >     * the specified collection.  If the specified collection is also
266 >     * a set, this operation effectively modifies this set so that its
267 >     * value is the <i>asymmetric set difference</i> of the two sets.
268 >     *
269 >     * @param  c collection that defines which elements will be removed from
270 >     *           this set
271 >     * @return {@code true} if this set changed as a result of the call
272 >     *
273 >     * @throws ClassCastException if the types of one or more elements in this
274 >     *            set are incompatible with the specified collection
275 >     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection, or any
276 >     * of its elements are {@code null}
277 >     */
278 >    public boolean removeAll(Collection<?> c) {
279 >        // Override AbstractSet version to avoid unnecessary call to size()
280 >        boolean modified = false;
281 >        for (Iterator<?> i = c.iterator(); i.hasNext(); )
282 >            if (remove(i.next()))
283 >                modified = true;
284 >        return modified;
285      }
286  
282    /**
283     * Retrieves, but does not remove, the first (lowest) element.
284     * This method differs from the <tt>peek</tt> method only in that
285     * it throws an exception if empty.
286     *
287     * @return the first (lowest) element.
288     * @throws NoSuchElementException if empty.
289     */
290    public E element() {
291        return m.firstKey();
292    }        
293
287      /* ---------------- Relational operations -------------- */
288  
289      /**
290       * Returns an element greater than or equal to the given element, or
291 <     * null if there is no such element.
292 <     *
291 >     * {@code null} if there is no such element.
292 >     *
293       * @param o the value to match
294 <     * @return an element greater than or equal to given element, or null
295 <     * if there is no such element.
294 >     * @return an element greater than or equal to given element, or
295 >     * {@code null} if there is no such element
296       * @throws ClassCastException if o cannot be compared with the elements
297 <     *            currently in the set.
298 <     * @throws NullPointerException if o is <tt>null</tt>
297 >     *            currently in the set
298 >     * @throws NullPointerException if o is {@code null}
299       */
300      public E ceiling(E o) {
301          return m.ceilingKey(o);
302      }
303  
304      /**
305 <     * Returns an element strictly less than the given element, or null if
306 <     * there is no such element.
307 <     *
305 >     * Returns an element strictly less than the given element, or
306 >     * {@code null} if there is no such element.
307 >     *
308       * @param o the value to match
309       * @return the greatest element less than the given element, or
310 <     * null if there is no such element.
310 >     * {@code null} if there is no such element
311       * @throws ClassCastException if o cannot be compared with the elements
312 <     *            currently in the set.
313 <     * @throws NullPointerException if o is <tt>null</tt>.
312 >     *            currently in the set
313 >     * @throws NullPointerException if o is {@code null}
314       */
315      public E lower(E o) {
316          return m.lowerKey(o);
317      }
318  
319      /**
320 <     * Returns an element less than or equal to the given element, or null
321 <     * if there is no such element.
322 <     *
320 >     * Returns an element less than or equal to the given element, or
321 >     * {@code null} if there is no such element.
322 >     *
323       * @param o the value to match
324       * @return the greatest element less than or equal to given
325 <     * element, or null if there is no such element.
325 >     * element, or {@code null} if there is no such element
326       * @throws ClassCastException if o cannot be compared with the elements
327 <     *            currently in the set.
328 <     * @throws NullPointerException if o is <tt>null</tt>.
327 >     *            currently in the set
328 >     * @throws NullPointerException if o is {@code null}
329       */
330      public E floor(E o) {
331          return m.floorKey(o);
332      }
333  
334      /**
335 <     * Returns an element strictly greater than the given element, or null
336 <     * if there is no such element.
337 <     *
335 >     * Returns an element strictly greater than the given element, or
336 >     * {@code null} if there is no such element.
337 >     *
338       * @param o the value to match
339       * @return the least element greater than the given element, or
340 <     * null if there is no such element.
340 >     * {@code null} if there is no such element
341       * @throws ClassCastException if o cannot be compared with the elements
342 <     *            currently in the set.
343 <     * @throws NullPointerException if o is <tt>null</tt>.
342 >     *            currently in the set
343 >     * @throws NullPointerException if o is {@code null}
344       */
345      public E higher(E o) {
346          return m.higherKey(o);
347      }
348  
349 +    /**
350 +     * Retrieves and removes the first (lowest) element.
351 +     *
352 +     * @return the least element, or {@code null} if empty
353 +     */
354 +    public E pollFirst() {
355 +        return m.pollFirstKey();
356 +    }
357 +
358 +    /**
359 +     * Retrieves and removes the last (highest) element.
360 +     *
361 +     * @return the last element, or {@code null} if empty
362 +     */
363 +    public E pollLast() {
364 +        return m.pollLastKey();
365 +    }
366 +
367 +
368      /* ---------------- SortedSet operations -------------- */
369  
370  
371      /**
372 <     * Returns the comparator used to order this set, or <tt>null</tt>
372 >     * Returns the comparator used to order this set, or {@code null}
373       * if this set uses its elements natural ordering.
374       *
375 <     * @return the comparator used to order this set, or <tt>null</tt>
376 <     * if this set uses its elements natural ordering.
375 >     * @return the comparator used to order this set, or {@code null}
376 >     * if this set uses its elements natural ordering
377       */
378      public Comparator<? super E> comparator() {
379          return m.comparator();
# Line 370 | Line 382 | public class ConcurrentSkipListSet<E>
382      /**
383       * Returns the first (lowest) element currently in this set.
384       *
385 <     * @return the first (lowest) element currently in this set.
386 <     * @throws    NoSuchElementException sorted set is empty.
385 >     * @return the first (lowest) element currently in this set
386 >     * @throws    NoSuchElementException sorted set is empty
387       */
388      public E first() {
389          return m.firstKey();
# Line 380 | Line 392 | public class ConcurrentSkipListSet<E>
392      /**
393       * Returns the last (highest) element currently in this set.
394       *
395 <     * @return the last (highest) element currently in this set.
396 <     * @throws    NoSuchElementException sorted set is empty.
395 >     * @return the last (highest) element currently in this set
396 >     * @throws    NoSuchElementException sorted set is empty
397       */
398      public E last() {
399          return m.lastKey();
400      }
401  
402 +
403 +
404      /**
405       * Returns a view of the portion of this set whose elements range from
406 <     * <tt>fromElement</tt>, inclusive, to <tt>toElement</tt>, exclusive.  (If
407 <     * <tt>fromElement</tt> and <tt>toElement</tt> are equal, the returned
406 >     * {@code fromElement}, inclusive, to {@code toElement}, exclusive.  (If
407 >     * {@code fromElement} and {@code toElement} are equal, the returned
408       * sorted set is empty.)  The returned sorted set is backed by this set,
409       * so changes in the returned sorted set are reflected in this set, and
410 <     * vice-versa.
411 <     * @param fromElement low endpoint (inclusive) of the subSet.
412 <     * @param toElement high endpoint (exclusive) of the subSet.
410 >     * vice-versa.
411 >     * @param fromElement low endpoint (inclusive) of the subSet
412 >     * @param toElement high endpoint (exclusive) of the subSet
413       * @return a view of the portion of this set whose elements range from
414 <     *         <tt>fromElement</tt>, inclusive, to <tt>toElement</tt>,
415 <     *         exclusive.
416 <     * @throws ClassCastException if <tt>fromElement</tt> and
417 <     *         <tt>toElement</tt> cannot be compared to one another using
414 >     *         {@code fromElement}, inclusive, to {@code toElement},
415 >     *         exclusive
416 >     * @throws ClassCastException if {@code fromElement} and
417 >     *         {@code toElement} cannot be compared to one another using
418       *         this set's comparator (or, if the set has no comparator,
419 <     *         using natural ordering).
420 <     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if <tt>fromElement</tt> is
421 <     * greater than <tt>toElement</tt>.
422 <     * @throws NullPointerException if <tt>fromElement</tt> or
423 <     *         <tt>toElement</tt> is <tt>null</tt>.
419 >     *         using natural ordering)
420 >     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code fromElement} is
421 >     * greater than {@code toElement}
422 >     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code fromElement} or
423 >     *         {@code toElement} is {@code null}
424       */
425 <    public ConcurrentSkipListSubSet<E> subSet(E fromElement, E toElement) {
426 <        return new ConcurrentSkipListSubSet<E>(m, fromElement, toElement);
425 >    public NavigableSet<E> subSet(E fromElement, E toElement) {
426 >        return new ConcurrentSkipListSubSet<E>(m, fromElement, toElement);
427      }
428  
429      /**
430       * Returns a view of the portion of this set whose elements are strictly
431 <     * less than <tt>toElement</tt>.  The returned sorted set is backed by
431 >     * less than {@code toElement}.  The returned sorted set is backed by
432       * this set, so changes in the returned sorted set are reflected in this
433 <     * set, and vice-versa.  
434 <     * @param toElement high endpoint (exclusive) of the headSet.
433 >     * set, and vice-versa.
434 >     * @param toElement high endpoint (exclusive) of the headSet
435       * @return a view of the portion of this set whose elements are strictly
436 <     *         less than toElement.
437 <     * @throws ClassCastException if <tt>toElement</tt> is not compatible
436 >     *         less than toElement
437 >     * @throws ClassCastException if {@code toElement} is not compatible
438       *         with this set's comparator (or, if the set has no comparator,
439 <     *         if <tt>toElement</tt> does not implement <tt>Comparable</tt>).
440 <     * @throws NullPointerException if <tt>toElement</tt> is <tt>null</tt>.
439 >     *         if {@code toElement} does not implement {@code Comparable})
440 >     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code toElement} is {@code null}
441       */
442 <    public ConcurrentSkipListSubSet<E> headSet(E toElement) {
443 <        return new ConcurrentSkipListSubSet<E>(m, null, toElement);
442 >    public NavigableSet<E> headSet(E toElement) {
443 >        return new ConcurrentSkipListSubSet<E>(m, null, toElement);
444      }
445  
446  
447      /**
448       * Returns a view of the portion of this set whose elements are
449 <     * greater than or equal to <tt>fromElement</tt>.  The returned
449 >     * greater than or equal to {@code fromElement}.  The returned
450       * sorted set is backed by this set, so changes in the returned
451       * sorted set are reflected in this set, and vice-versa.
452 <     * @param fromElement low endpoint (inclusive) of the tailSet.
452 >     * @param fromElement low endpoint (inclusive) of the tailSet
453       * @return a view of the portion of this set whose elements are
454 <     * greater than or equal to <tt>fromElement</tt>.
455 <     * @throws ClassCastException if <tt>fromElement</tt> is not
454 >     * greater than or equal to {@code fromElement}
455 >     * @throws ClassCastException if {@code fromElement} is not
456       * compatible with this set's comparator (or, if the set has no
457 <     * comparator, if <tt>fromElement</tt> does not implement
458 <     * <tt>Comparable</tt>).
459 <     * @throws NullPointerException if <tt>fromElement</tt> is <tt>null</tt>.
460 <     */
461 <    public ConcurrentSkipListSubSet<E> tailSet(E fromElement) {
462 <        return new ConcurrentSkipListSubSet<E>(m, fromElement, null);
457 >     * comparator, if {@code fromElement} does not implement
458 >     * {@code Comparable})
459 >     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code fromElement} is {@code null}
460 >     */
461 >    public NavigableSet<E> tailSet(E fromElement) {
462 >        return new ConcurrentSkipListSubSet<E>(m, fromElement, null);
463 >    }
464 >
465 >    /**
466 >     * Subsets returned by {@link ConcurrentSkipListSet} subset operations
467 >     * represent a subrange of elements of their underlying
468 >     * sets. Instances of this class support all methods of their
469 >     * underlying sets, differing in that elements outside their range are
470 >     * ignored, and attempts to add elements outside their ranges result
471 >     * in {@link IllegalArgumentException}.  Instances of this class are
472 >     * constructed only using the {@code subSet}, {@code headSet}, and
473 >     * {@code tailSet} methods of their underlying sets.
474 >     */
475 >    static class ConcurrentSkipListSubSet<E>
476 >        extends AbstractSet<E>
477 >        implements NavigableSet<E>, java.io.Serializable {
478 >
479 >        private static final long serialVersionUID = -7647078645896651609L;
480 >
481 >        /** The underlying submap  */
482 >        private final ConcurrentSkipListMap.ConcurrentSkipListSubMap<E,Object> s;
483 >
484 >        /**
485 >         * Creates a new submap.
486 >         * @param fromElement inclusive least value, or {@code null} if from start
487 >         * @param toElement exclusive upper bound or {@code null} if to end
488 >         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if fromElement and toElement
489 >         * non-null and fromElement greater than toElement
490 >         */
491 >        ConcurrentSkipListSubSet(ConcurrentSkipListMap<E,Object> map,
492 >                                 E fromElement, E toElement) {
493 >            s = new ConcurrentSkipListMap.ConcurrentSkipListSubMap<E,Object>
494 >                (map, fromElement, toElement);
495 >        }
496 >
497 >        // subsubset construction
498 >
499 >        public NavigableSet<E> subSet(E fromElement, E toElement) {
500 >            if (!s.inOpenRange(fromElement) || !s.inOpenRange(toElement))
501 >                throw new IllegalArgumentException("element out of range");
502 >            return new ConcurrentSkipListSubSet<E>(s.getMap(),
503 >                                                   fromElement, toElement);
504 >        }
505 >
506 >        public NavigableSet<E> headSet(E toElement) {
507 >            E least = s.getLeast();
508 >            if (!s.inOpenRange(toElement))
509 >                throw new IllegalArgumentException("element out of range");
510 >            return new ConcurrentSkipListSubSet<E>(s.getMap(),
511 >                                                   least, toElement);
512 >        }
513 >
514 >        public NavigableSet<E> tailSet(E fromElement) {
515 >            E fence = s.getFence();
516 >            if (!s.inOpenRange(fromElement))
517 >                throw new IllegalArgumentException("element out of range");
518 >            return new ConcurrentSkipListSubSet<E>(s.getMap(),
519 >                                                   fromElement, fence);
520 >        }
521 >
522 >        // relays to submap methods
523 >
524 >        public int size()                 { return s.size(); }
525 >        public boolean isEmpty()          { return s.isEmpty(); }
526 >        public boolean contains(Object o) { return s.containsKey(o); }
527 >        public void clear()               { s.clear(); }
528 >        public E first()                  { return s.firstKey(); }
529 >        public E last()                   { return s.lastKey(); }
530 >        public E ceiling(E o)             { return s.ceilingKey(o); }
531 >        public E lower(E o)               { return s.lowerKey(o); }
532 >        public E floor(E o)               { return s.floorKey(o); }
533 >        public E higher(E o)              { return s.higherKey(o); }
534 >        public boolean remove(Object o) { return s.remove(o)==Boolean.TRUE; }
535 >        public boolean add(E o)       { return s.put(o, Boolean.TRUE)==null; }
536 >        public Comparator<? super E> comparator() { return s.comparator(); }
537 >        public Iterator<E> iterator()     { return s.keySet().iterator(); }
538 >        public Iterator<E> descendingIterator() {
539 >            return s.descendingKeySet().iterator();
540 >        }
541 >        public E pollFirst() {
542 >            Map.Entry<E,?> e = s.pollFirstEntry();
543 >            return (e == null) ? null : e.getKey();
544 >        }
545 >        public E pollLast() {
546 >            Map.Entry<E,?> e = s.pollLastEntry();
547 >            return (e == null) ? null : e.getKey();
548 >        }
549 >
550      }
551 < }    
551 > }

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