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root/jsr166/jsr166/src/jsr166y/ForkJoinPool.java

Comparing jsr166/src/jsr166y/ForkJoinPool.java (file contents):
Revision 1.90 by jsr166, Mon Nov 29 20:58:06 2010 UTC vs.
Revision 1.91 by dl, Tue Feb 22 00:39:31 2011 UTC

#	Line 11 | Line 11 | import java.util.Arrays;
11		import java.util.Collection;
12		import java.util.Collections;
13		import java.util.List;
14	+	import java.util.Random;
15		import java.util.concurrent.AbstractExecutorService;
16		import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
17		import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
#	Line 22 | Line 23 | import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutExcep
23		import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
24		import java.util.concurrent.locks.LockSupport;
25		import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
26	+	import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
27
28		/**
29		* An {@link ExecutorService} for running {@link ForkJoinTask}s.
#	Line 129 | Line 131 | public class ForkJoinPool extends Abstra
131		* set of worker threads: Submissions from non-FJ threads enter
132		* into a submission queue. Workers take these tasks and typically
133		* split them into subtasks that may be stolen by other workers.
134	<	* The main work-stealing mechanics implemented in class
135	<	* ForkJoinWorkerThread give first priority to processing tasks
136	<	* from their own queues (LIFO or FIFO, depending on mode), then
137	<	* to randomized FIFO steals of tasks in other worker queues, and
138	<	* lastly to new submissions. These mechanics do not consider
139	<	* affinities, loads, cache localities, etc, so rarely provide the
140	<	* best possible performance on a given machine, but portably
141	<	* provide good throughput by averaging over these factors.
142	<	* (Further, even if we did try to use such information, we do not
143	<	* usually have a basis for exploiting it. For example, some sets
144	<	* of tasks profit from cache affinities, but others are harmed by
145	<	* cache pollution effects.)
146	<	*
147	<	* Beyond work-stealing support and essential bookkeeping, the
148	<	* main responsibility of this framework is to take actions when
149	<	* one worker is waiting to join a task stolen (or always held by)
150	<	* another.  Because we are multiplexing many tasks on to a pool
151	<	* of workers, we can't just let them block (as in Thread.join).
152	<	* We also cannot just reassign the joiner's run-time stack with
153	<	* another and replace it later, which would be a form of
154	<	* "continuation", that even if possible is not necessarily a good
155	<	* idea. Given that the creation costs of most threads on most
156	<	* systems mainly surrounds setting up runtime stacks, thread
157	<	* creation and switching is usually not much more expensive than
158	<	* stack creation and switching, and is more flexible). Instead we
134	>	* Preference rules give first priority to processing tasks from
135	>	* their own queues (LIFO or FIFO, depending on mode), then to
136	>	* randomized FIFO steals of tasks in other worker queues, and
137	>	* lastly to new submissions.
138	>	*
139	>	* The main throughput advantages of work-stealing stem from
140	>	* decentralized control -- workers mostly take tasks from
141	>	* themselves or each other. We cannot negate this in the
142	>	* implementation of other management responsibilities. The main
143	>	* tactic for avoiding bottlenecks is packing nearly all
144	>	* essentially atomic control state into a single 64bit volatile
145	>	* variable ("ctl"). This variable is read on the order of 10-100
146	>	* times as often as it is modified (always via CAS). (There is
147	>	* some additional control state, for example variable "shutdown"
148	>	* for which we can cope with uncoordinated updates.)  This
149	>	* streamlines synchronization and control at the expense of messy
150	>	* constructions needed to repack status bits upon updates.
151	>	* Updates tend not to contend with each other except during
152	>	* bursts while submitted tasks begin or end.  In some cases when
153	>	* they do contend, threads can instead do something else
154	>	* (usually, scan for tesks) until contention subsides.
155	>	*
156	>	* To enable packing, we restrict maximum parallelism to (1<<15)-1
157	>	* (which is far in excess of normal operating range) to allow
158	>	* ids, counts, and their negations (used for thresholding) to fit
159	>	* into 16bit fields.
160	>	*
161	>	* Recording Workers.  Workers are recorded in the "workers" array
162	>	* that is created upon pool construction and expanded if (rarely)
163	>	* necessary.  This is an array as opposed to some other data
164	>	* structure to support index-based random steals by workers.
165	>	* Updates to the array recording new workers and unrecording
166	>	* terminated ones are protected from each other by a seqLock
167	>	* (scanGuard) but the array is otherwise concurrently readable,
168	>	* and accessed directly by workers. To simplify index-based
169	>	* operations, the array size is always a power of two, and all
170	>	* readers must tolerate null slots. To avoid flailing during
171	>	* start-up, the array is presized to hold twice #parallelism
172	>	* workers (which is unlikely to need further resizing during
173	>	* execution). But to avoid dealing with so many null slots,
174	>	* variable scanGuard includes a mask for the nearest power of two
175	>	* that contains all current workers.  All worker thread creation
176	>	* is on-demand, triggered by task submissions, replacement of
177	>	* terminated workers, and/or compensation for blocked
178	>	* workers. However, all other support code is set up to work with
179	>	* other policies.  To ensure that we do not hold on to worker
180	>	* references that would prevent GC, ALL accesses to workers are
181	>	* via indices into the workers array (which is one source of some
182	>	* of the messy code constructions here). In essence, the workers
183	>	* array serves as a weak reference mechanism. Thus for example
184	>	* the wait queue field of ctl stores worker indices, not worker
185	>	* references.  Access to the workers in associated methods (for
186	>	* example signalWork) must both index-check and null-check the
187	>	* IDs. All such accesses ignore bad IDs by returning out early
188	>	* from what they are doing, since this can only be associated
189	>	* with termination, in which case it is OK to give up.
190	>	*
191	>	* All uses of the workers array, as well as queue arrays, check
192	>	* that the array is non-null (even if previously non-null). This
193	>	* allows nulling during termination, which is currently not
194	>	* necessary, but remains an option for resource-revocation-based
195	>	* shutdown schemes.
196	>	*
197	>	* Wait Queuing. Unlike HPC work-stealing frameworks, we cannot
198	>	* let workers spin indefinitely scanning for tasks when none are
199	>	* can be immediately found, and we cannot start/resume workers
200	>	* unless there appear to be tasks available.  On the other hand,
201	>	* we must quickly prod them into action when new tasks are
202	>	* submitted or generated.  We park/unpark workers after placing
203	>	* in an event wait queue when they cannot find work. This "queue"
204	>	* is actually a simple Treiber stack, headed by the "id" field of
205	>	* ctl, plus a 15bit counter value to both wake up waiters (by
206	>	* advancing their count) and avoid ABA effects. Successors are
207	>	* held in worker field "nextWait".  Queuing deals with several
208	>	* intrinsic races, mainly that a task-producing thread can miss
209	>	* seeing (and signalling) another thread that gave up looking for
210	>	* work but has not yet entered the wait queue. We solve this by
211	>	* requiring a full sweep of all workers both before (in scan())
212	>	* and after (in awaitWork()) a newly waiting worker is added to
213	>	* the wait queue. During a rescan, the worker might release some
214	>	* other queued worker rather than itself, which has the same net
215	>	* effect.
216	>	*
217	>	* Signalling.  We create or wake up workers only when there
218	>	* appears to be at least one task they might be able to find and
219	>	* execute.  When a submission is added or another worker adds a
220	>	* task to a queue that previously had two or fewer tasks, they
221	>	* signal waiting workers (or trigger creation of new ones if
222	>	* fewer than the given parallelism level -- see signalWork).
223	>	* These primary signals are buttressed by signals during rescans
224	>	* as well as those performed when a worker steals a task and
225	>	* notices that there are more tasks too; together these cover the
226	>	* signals needed in cases when more than two tasks are pushed
227	>	* but untaken.
228	>	*
229	>	* Trimming workers. To release resources after periods of lack of
230	>	* use, a worker starting to wait when the pool is quiescent will
231	>	* time out and terminate if the pool has remained quiescent for
232	>	* SHRINK_RATE nanosecs.
233	>	*
234	>	* Submissions. External submissions are maintained in an
235	>	* array-based queue that is structured identically to
236	>	* ForkJoinWorkerThread queues (which see) except for the use of
237	>	* submissionLock in method addSubmission. Unlike worker queues,
238	>	* multiple external threads can add new submissions.
239	>	*
240	>	* Compensation. Beyond work-stealing support and lifecycle
241	>	* control, the main responsibility of this framework is to take
242	>	* actions when one worker is waiting to join a task stolen (or
243	>	* always held by) another.  Because we are multiplexing many
244	>	* tasks on to a pool of workers, we can't just let them block (as
245	>	* in Thread.join).  We also cannot just reassign the joiner's
246	>	* run-time stack with another and replace it later, which would
247	>	* be a form of "continuation", that even if possible is not
248	>	* necessarily a good idea since we sometimes need both an
249	>	* unblocked task and its continuation to progress. Instead we
250		* combine two tactics:
251		*
252		*   Helping: Arranging for the joiner to execute some task that it
253		*      would be running if the steal had not occurred.  Method
254	<	*      ForkJoinWorkerThread.helpJoinTask tracks joining->stealing
254	>	*      ForkJoinWorkerThread.joinTask tracks joining->stealing
255		*      links to try to find such a task.
256		*
257		*   Compensating: Unless there are already enough live threads,
258	<	*      method helpMaintainParallelism() may create or
259	<	*      re-activate a spare thread to compensate for blocked
260	<	*      joiners until they unblock.
168	<	*
169	<	* It is impossible to keep exactly the target (parallelism)
170	<	* number of threads running at any given time.  Determining
171	<	* existence of conservatively safe helping targets, the
172	<	* availability of already-created spares, and the apparent need
173	<	* to create new spares are all racy and require heuristic
174	<	* guidance, so we rely on multiple retries of each.  Compensation
175	<	* occurs in slow-motion. It is triggered only upon timeouts of
176	<	* Object.wait used for joins. This reduces poor decisions that
177	<	* would otherwise be made when threads are waiting for others
178	<	* that are stalled because of unrelated activities such as
179	<	* garbage collection.
258	>	*      method tryPreBlock() may create or re-activate a spare
259	>	*      thread to compensate for blocked joiners until they
260	>	*      unblock.
261		*
262		* The ManagedBlocker extension API can't use helping so relies
263		* only on compensation in method awaitBlocker.
264		*
265	<	* The main throughput advantages of work-stealing stem from
266	<	* decentralized control -- workers mostly steal tasks from each
267	<	* other. We do not want to negate this by creating bottlenecks
268	<	* implementing other management responsibilities. So we use a
269	<	* collection of techniques that avoid, reduce, or cope well with
270	<	* contention. These entail several instances of bit-packing into
271	<	* CASable fields to maintain only the minimally required
272	<	* atomicity. To enable such packing, we restrict maximum
273	<	* parallelism to (1<<15)-1 (enabling twice this (to accommodate
274	<	* unbalanced increments and decrements) to fit into a 16 bit
275	<	* field, which is far in excess of normal operating range.  Even
276	<	* though updates to some of these bookkeeping fields do sometimes
277	<	* contend with each other, they don't normally cache-contend with
278	<	* updates to others enough to warrant memory padding or
279	<	* isolation. So they are all held as fields of ForkJoinPool
280	<	* objects.  The main capabilities are as follows:
281	<	*
282	<	* 1. Creating and removing workers. Workers are recorded in the
283	<	* "workers" array. This is an array as opposed to some other data
284	<	* structure to support index-based random steals by workers.
285	<	* Updates to the array recording new workers and unrecording
286	<	* terminated ones are protected from each other by a lock
287	<	* (workerLock) but the array is otherwise concurrently readable,
288	<	* and accessed directly by workers. To simplify index-based
289	<	* operations, the array size is always a power of two, and all
290	<	* readers must tolerate null slots. Currently, all worker thread
291	<	* creation is on-demand, triggered by task submissions,
292	<	* replacement of terminated workers, and/or compensation for
293	<	* blocked workers. However, all other support code is set up to
294	<	* work with other policies.
214	<	*
215	<	* To ensure that we do not hold on to worker references that
216	<	* would prevent GC, ALL accesses to workers are via indices into
217	<	* the workers array (which is one source of some of the unusual
218	<	* code constructions here). In essence, the workers array serves
219	<	* as a WeakReference mechanism. Thus for example the event queue
220	<	* stores worker indices, not worker references. Access to the
221	<	* workers in associated methods (for example releaseEventWaiters)
222	<	* must both index-check and null-check the IDs. All such accesses
223	<	* ignore bad IDs by returning out early from what they are doing,
224	<	* since this can only be associated with shutdown, in which case
225	<	* it is OK to give up. On termination, we just clobber these
226	<	* data structures without trying to use them.
227	<	*
228	<	* 2. Bookkeeping for dynamically adding and removing workers. We
229	<	* aim to approximately maintain the given level of parallelism.
230	<	* When some workers are known to be blocked (on joins or via
231	<	* ManagedBlocker), we may create or resume others to take their
232	<	* place until they unblock (see below). Implementing this
233	<	* requires counts of the number of "running" threads (i.e., those
234	<	* that are neither blocked nor artificially suspended) as well as
235	<	* the total number.  These two values are packed into one field,
236	<	* "workerCounts" because we need accurate snapshots when deciding
237	<	* to create, resume or suspend.  Note however that the
238	<	* correspondence of these counts to reality is not guaranteed. In
239	<	* particular updates for unblocked threads may lag until they
240	<	* actually wake up.
241	<	*
242	<	* 3. Maintaining global run state. The run state of the pool
243	<	* consists of a runLevel (SHUTDOWN, TERMINATING, etc) similar to
244	<	* those in other Executor implementations, as well as a count of
245	<	* "active" workers -- those that are, or soon will be, or
246	<	* recently were executing tasks. The runLevel and active count
247	<	* are packed together in order to correctly trigger shutdown and
248	<	* termination. Without care, active counts can be subject to very
249	<	* high contention.  We substantially reduce this contention by
250	<	* relaxing update rules.  A worker must claim active status
251	<	* prospectively, by activating if it sees that a submitted or
252	<	* stealable task exists (it may find after activating that the
253	<	* task no longer exists). It stays active while processing this
254	<	* task (if it exists) and any other local subtasks it produces,
255	<	* until it cannot find any other tasks. It then tries
256	<	* inactivating (see method preStep), but upon update contention
257	<	* instead scans for more tasks, later retrying inactivation if it
258	<	* doesn't find any.
259	<	*
260	<	* 4. Managing idle workers waiting for tasks. We cannot let
261	<	* workers spin indefinitely scanning for tasks when none are
262	<	* available. On the other hand, we must quickly prod them into
263	<	* action when new tasks are submitted or generated.  We
264	<	* park/unpark these idle workers using an event-count scheme.
265	<	* Field eventCount is incremented upon events that may enable
266	<	* workers that previously could not find a task to now find one:
267	<	* Submission of a new task to the pool, or another worker pushing
268	<	* a task onto a previously empty queue.  (We also use this
269	<	* mechanism for configuration and termination actions that
270	<	* require wakeups of idle workers).  Each worker maintains its
271	<	* last known event count, and blocks when a scan for work did not
272	<	* find a task AND its lastEventCount matches the current
273	<	* eventCount. Waiting idle workers are recorded in a variant of
274	<	* Treiber stack headed by field eventWaiters which, when nonzero,
275	<	* encodes the thread index and count awaited for by the worker
276	<	* thread most recently calling eventSync. This thread in turn has
277	<	* a record (field nextEventWaiter) for the next waiting worker.
278	<	* In addition to allowing simpler decisions about need for
279	<	* wakeup, the event count bits in eventWaiters serve the role of
280	<	* tags to avoid ABA errors in Treiber stacks. Upon any wakeup,
281	<	* released threads also try to release at most two others.  The
282	<	* net effect is a tree-like diffusion of signals, where released
283	<	* threads (and possibly others) help with unparks.  To further
284	<	* reduce contention effects a bit, failed CASes to increment
285	<	* field eventCount are tolerated without retries in signalWork.
286	<	* Conceptually they are merged into the same event, which is OK
287	<	* when their only purpose is to enable workers to scan for work.
288	<	*
289	<	* 5. Managing suspension of extra workers. When a worker notices
290	<	* (usually upon timeout of a wait()) that there are too few
291	<	* running threads, we may create a new thread to maintain
292	<	* parallelism level, or at least avoid starvation. Usually, extra
293	<	* threads are needed for only very short periods, yet join
294	<	* dependencies are such that we sometimes need them in
295	<	* bursts. Rather than create new threads each time this happens,
296	<	* we suspend no-longer-needed extra ones as "spares". For most
297	<	* purposes, we don't distinguish "extra" spare threads from
298	<	* normal "core" threads: On each call to preStep (the only point
299	<	* at which we can do this) a worker checks to see if there are
300	<	* now too many running workers, and if so, suspends itself.
301	<	* Method helpMaintainParallelism looks for suspended threads to
302	<	* resume before considering creating a new replacement. The
303	<	* spares themselves are encoded on another variant of a Treiber
304	<	* Stack, headed at field "spareWaiters".  Note that the use of
305	<	* spares is intrinsically racy.  One thread may become a spare at
306	<	* about the same time as another is needlessly being created. We
307	<	* counteract this and related slop in part by requiring resumed
308	<	* spares to immediately recheck (in preStep) to see whether they
309	<	* should re-suspend.
310	<	*
311	<	* 6. Killing off unneeded workers. A timeout mechanism is used to
312	<	* shed unused workers: The oldest (first) event queue waiter uses
313	<	* a timed rather than hard wait. When this wait times out without
314	<	* a normal wakeup, it tries to shutdown any one (for convenience
315	<	* the newest) other spare or event waiter via
316	<	* tryShutdownUnusedWorker. This eventually reduces the number of
317	<	* worker threads to a minimum of one after a long enough period
318	<	* without use.
319	<	*
320	<	* 7. Deciding when to create new workers. The main dynamic
321	<	* control in this class is deciding when to create extra threads
322	<	* in method helpMaintainParallelism. We would like to keep
323	<	* exactly #parallelism threads running, which is an impossible
324	<	* task. We always need to create one when the number of running
325	<	* threads would become zero and all workers are busy. Beyond
326	<	* this, we must rely on heuristics that work well in the
327	<	* presence of transient phenomena such as GC stalls, dynamic
328	<	* compilation, and wake-up lags. These transients are extremely
329	<	* common -- we are normally trying to fully saturate the CPUs on
330	<	* a machine, so almost any activity other than running tasks
331	<	* impedes accuracy. Our main defense is to allow parallelism to
332	<	* lapse for a while during joins, and use a timeout to see if,
333	<	* after the resulting settling, there is still a need for
334	<	* additional workers.  This also better copes with the fact that
335	<	* some of the methods in this class tend to never become compiled
336	<	* (but are interpreted), so some components of the entire set of
337	<	* controls might execute 100 times faster than others. And
338	<	* similarly for cases where the apparent lack of work is just due
339	<	* to GC stalls and other transient system activity.
265	>	* It is impossible to keep exactly the target parallelism number
266	>	* of threads running at any given time.  Determining the
267	>	* existence of conservatively safe helping targets, the
268	>	* availability of already-created spares, and the apparent need
269	>	* to create new spares are all racy and require heuristic
270	>	* guidance, so we rely on multiple retries of each.  Currently,
271	>	* in keeping with on-demand signalling policy, we compensate only
272	>	* if blocking would leave less than one active (non-waiting,
273	>	* non-blocked) worker. Additionally, to avoid some false alarms
274	>	* due to GC, lagging counters, system activity, etc, compensated
275	>	* blocking for joins is only attempted after a number of rechecks
276	>	* proportional to the current apparent deficit (where retries are
277	>	* interspersed with Thread.yield, for good citizenship).  The
278	>	* variable blockedCount, incremented before blocking and
279	>	* decremented after, is sometimes needed to distinguish cases of
280	>	* waiting for work vs blocking on joins or other managed sync,
281	>	* but both the cases are equivalent for most pool control, so we
282	>	* can update non-atomically. (Additionally, contention on
283	>	* blockedCount alleviates some contention on ctl).
284	>	*
285	>	* Shutdown and Termination. A call to shutdownNow atomically sets
286	>	* the ctl stop bit and then (non-atomically) sets each workers
287	>	* "terminate" status, cancels all unprocessed tasks, and wakes up
288	>	* all waiting workers.  Detecting whether termination should
289	>	* commence after a non-abrupt shutdown() call requires more work
290	>	* and bookkeeping. We need consensus about quiesence (i.e., that
291	>	* there is no more work) which is reflected in active counts so
292	>	* long as there are no current blockers, as well as possible
293	>	* re-evaluations during independent changes in blocking or
294	>	* quiescing workers.
295		*
296	<	* Beware that there is a lot of representation-level coupling
296	>	* Style notes: There is a lot of representation-level coupling
297		* among classes ForkJoinPool, ForkJoinWorkerThread, and
298	<	* ForkJoinTask.  For example, direct access to "workers" array by
298	>	* ForkJoinTask.  Most fields of ForkJoinWorkerThread maintain
299	>	* data structures managed by ForkJoinPool, so are directly
300	>	* accessed.  Conversely we allow access to "workers" array by
301		* workers, and direct access to ForkJoinTask.status by both
302		* ForkJoinPool and ForkJoinWorkerThread.  There is little point
303		* trying to reduce this, since any associated future changes in
304		* representations will need to be accompanied by algorithmic
305	<	* changes anyway.
306	<	*
307	<	* Style notes: There are lots of inline assignments (of form
308	<	* "while ((local = field) != 0)") which are usually the simplest
309	<	* way to ensure the required read orderings (which are sometimes
310	<	* critical). Also several occurrences of the unusual "do {}
311	<	* while (!cas...)" which is the simplest way to force an update of
312	<	* a CAS'ed variable. There are also other coding oddities that
313	<	* help some methods perform reasonably even when interpreted (not
314	<	* compiled), at the expense of some messy constructions that
315	<	* reduce byte code counts.
316	<	*
317	<	* The order of declarations in this file is: (1) statics (2)
318	<	* fields (along with constants used when unpacking some of them)
319	<	* (3) internal control methods (4) callbacks and other support
320	<	* for ForkJoinTask and ForkJoinWorkerThread classes, (5) exported
321	<	* methods (plus a few little helpers).
305	>	* changes anyway. All together, these low-level implementation
306	>	* choices produce as much as a factor of 4 performance
307	>	* improvement compared to naive implementations, and enable the
308	>	* processing of billions of tasks per second, at the expense of
309	>	* some ugliness.
310	>	*
311	>	* Methods signalWork() and scan() are the main bottlenecks so are
312	>	* especially heavily micro-optimized/mangled.  There are lots of
313	>	* inline assignments (of form "while ((local = field) != 0)")
314	>	* which are usually the simplest way to ensure the required read
315	>	* orderings (which are sometimes critical). This leads to a
316	>	* "C"-like style of listing declarations of these locals at the
317	>	* heads of methods or blocks.  There are several occurrences of
318	>	* the unusual "do {} while (!cas...)"  which is the simplest way
319	>	* to force an update of a CAS'ed variable. There are also other
320	>	* coding oddities that help some methods perform reasonably even
321	>	* when interpreted (not compiled).
322	>	*
323	>	* The order of declarations in this file is: (1) declarations of
324	>	* statics (2) fields (along with constants used when unpacking
325	>	* some of them), listed in an order that tends to reduce
326	>	* contention among them a bit under most JVMs.  (3) internal
327	>	* control methods (4) callbacks and other support for
328	>	* ForkJoinTask and ForkJoinWorkerThread classes, (5) exported
329	>	* methods (plus a few little helpers). (6) static block
330	>	* initializing all statics in a minimally dependent order.
331		*/
332
333		/**
#	Line 396 | Line 362 | public class ForkJoinPool extends Abstra
362		* overridden in ForkJoinPool constructors.
363		*/
364		public static final ForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory
365	<	defaultForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory =
400	<	new DefaultForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory();
365	>	defaultForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory;
366
367		/**
368		* Permission required for callers of methods that may start or
369		* kill threads.
370		*/
371	<	private static final RuntimePermission modifyThreadPermission =
407	<	new RuntimePermission("modifyThread");
371	>	private static final RuntimePermission modifyThreadPermission;
372
373		/**
374		* If there is a security manager, makes sure caller has
#	Line 419 | Line 383 | public class ForkJoinPool extends Abstra
383		/**
384		* Generator for assigning sequence numbers as pool names.
385		*/
386	<	private static final AtomicInteger poolNumberGenerator =
423	<	new AtomicInteger();
386	>	private static final AtomicInteger poolNumberGenerator;
387
388		/**
389	<	* The time to block in a join (see awaitJoin) before checking if
390	<	* a new worker should be (re)started to maintain parallelism
391	<	* level. The value should be short enough to maintain global
392	<	* responsiveness and progress but long enough to avoid
393	<	* counterproductive firings during GC stalls or unrelated system
431	<	* activity, and to not bog down systems with continual re-firings
432	<	* on GCs or legitimately long waits.
389	>	* Generator for initial random seeds for worker victim
390	>	* selection. This is used only to create initial seeds. Random
391	>	* steals use a cheaper xorshift generator per steal attempt. We
392	>	* don't expect much contention on seedGenerator, so just use a
393	>	* plain Random.
394		*/
395	<	private static final long JOIN_TIMEOUT_MILLIS = 250L; // 4 per second
395	>	static final Random workerSeedGenerator;
396
397		/**
398	<	* The wakeup interval (in nanoseconds) for the oldest worker
399	<	* waiting for an event to invoke tryShutdownUnusedWorker to
400	<	* shrink the number of workers.  The exact value does not matter
401	<	* too much. It must be short enough to release resources during
402	<	* sustained periods of idleness, but not so short that threads
403	<	* are continually re-created.
398	>	* Array holding all worker threads in the pool.  Initialized upon
399	>	* construction. Array size must be a power of two.  Updates and
400	>	* replacements are protected by scanGuard, but the array is
401	>	* always kept in a consistent enough state to be randomly
402	>	* accessed without locking by workers performing work-stealing,
403	>	* as well as other traversal-based methods in this class, so long
404	>	* as reads memory-acquire by first reading ctl. All readers must
405	>	* tolerate that some array slots may be null.
406		*/
407	<	private static final long SHRINK_RATE_NANOS =
445	<	30L * 1000L * 1000L * 1000L; // 2 per minute
407	>	ForkJoinWorkerThread[] workers;
408
409		/**
410	<	* Absolute bound for parallelism level. Twice this number plus
411	<	* one (i.e., 0xfff) must fit into a 16bit field to enable
412	<	* word-packing for some counts and indices.
410	>	* Initial size for submission queue array. Must be a power of
411	>	* two.  In many applications, these always stay small so we use a
412	>	* small initial cap.
413		*/
414	<	private static final int MAX_WORKERS   = 0x7fff;
414	>	private static final int INITIAL_QUEUE_CAPACITY = 8;
415
416		/**
417	<	* Array holding all worker threads in the pool.  Array size must
418	<	* be a power of two.  Updates and replacements are protected by
419	<	* workerLock, but the array is always kept in a consistent enough
420	<	* state to be randomly accessed without locking by workers
459	<	* performing work-stealing, as well as other traversal-based
460	<	* methods in this class. All readers must tolerate that some
461	<	* array slots may be null.
417	>	* Maximum size for submission queue array. Must be a power of two
418	>	* less than or equal to 1 << (31 - width of array entry) to
419	>	* ensure lack of index wraparound, but is capped at a lower
420	>	* value to help users trap runaway computations.
421		*/
422	<	volatile ForkJoinWorkerThread[] workers;
422	>	private static final int MAXIMUM_QUEUE_CAPACITY = 1 << 24; // 16M
423
424		/**
425	<	* Queue for external submissions.
425	>	* Array serving as submission queue. Initialized upon construction.
426		*/
427	<	private final LinkedTransferQueue<ForkJoinTask<?>> submissionQueue;
427	>	private ForkJoinTask<?>[] submissionQueue;
428
429		/**
430	<	* Lock protecting updates to workers array.
430	>	* Lock protecting submissions array for addSubmission
431		*/
432	<	private final ReentrantLock workerLock;
432	>	private final ReentrantLock submissionLock;
433
434		/**
435	<	* Latch released upon termination.
435	>	* Condition for awaitTermination, using submissionLock for
436	>	* convenience.
437		*/
438	<	private final Phaser termination;
438	>	private final Condition termination;
439
440		/**
441		* Creation factory for worker threads.
#	Line 483 | Line 443 | public class ForkJoinPool extends Abstra
443		private final ForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory factory;
444
445		/**
446	<	* Sum of per-thread steal counts, updated only when threads are
447	<	* idle or terminating.
446	>	* The uncaught exception handler used when any worker abruptly
447	>	* terminates.
448		*/
449	<	private volatile long stealCount;
449	>	final Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler ueh;
450
451		/**
452	<	* Encoded record of top of Treiber stack of threads waiting for
493	<	* events. The top 32 bits contain the count being waited for. The
494	<	* bottom 16 bits contains one plus the pool index of waiting
495	<	* worker thread. (Bits 16-31 are unused.)
452	>	* Prefix for assigning names to worker threads
453		*/
454	<	private volatile long eventWaiters;
498	<
499	<	private static final int EVENT_COUNT_SHIFT = 32;
500	<	private static final int WAITER_ID_MASK    = (1 << 16) - 1;
454	>	private final String workerNamePrefix;
455
456		/**
457	<	* A counter for events that may wake up worker threads:
458	<	*   - Submission of a new task to the pool
505	<	*   - A worker pushing a task on an empty queue
506	<	*   - termination
457	>	* Sum of per-thread steal counts, updated only when threads are
458	>	* idle or terminating.
459		*/
460	<	private volatile int eventCount;
460	>	private volatile long stealCount;
461
462		/**
463	<	* Encoded record of top of Treiber stack of spare threads waiting
464	<	* for resumption. The top 16 bits contain an arbitrary count to
465	<	* avoid ABA effects. The bottom 16bits contains one plus the pool
466	<	* index of waiting worker thread.
467	<	*/
468	<	private volatile int spareWaiters;
469	<
470	<	private static final int SPARE_COUNT_SHIFT = 16;
471	<	private static final int SPARE_ID_MASK     = (1 << 16) - 1;
463	>	* Main pool control -- a long packed with:
464	>	* AC: Number of active running workers minus target parallelism (16 bits)
465	>	* TC: Number of total workers minus target parallelism (16bits)
466	>	* ST: true if pool is terminating (1 bit)
467	>	* EC: the wait count of top waiting thread (15 bits)
468	>	* ID: ~poolIndex of top of Treiber stack of waiting threads (16 bits)
469	>	*
470	>	* When convenient, we can extract the upper 32 bits of counts and
471	>	* the lower 32 bits of queue state, u = (int)(ctl >>> 32) and e =
472	>	* (int)ctl.  The ec field is never accessed alone, but always
473	>	* together with id and st. The offsets of counts by the target
474	>	* parallelism and the positionings of fields makes it possible to
475	>	* perform the most common checks via sign tests of fields: When
476	>	* ac is negative, there are not enough active workers, when tc is
477	>	* negative, there are not enough total workers, when id is
478	>	* negative, there is at least one waiting worker, and when e is
479	>	* negative, the pool is terminating.  To deal with these possibly
480	>	* negative fields, we use casts in and out of "short" and/or
481	>	* signed shifts to maintain signedness.  Note: AC_SHIFT is
482	>	* redundantly declared in ForkJoinWorkerThread in order to
483	>	* integrate a surplus-threads check.
484	>	*/
485	>	volatile long ctl;
486	>
487	>	// bit positions/shifts for fields
488	>	private static final int  AC_SHIFT   = 48;
489	>	private static final int  TC_SHIFT   = 32;
490	>	private static final int  ST_SHIFT   = 31;
491	>	private static final int  EC_SHIFT   = 16;
492	>
493	>	// bounds
494	>	private static final int  MAX_ID     = 0x7fff;  // max poolIndex
495	>	private static final int  SMASK      = 0xffff;  // mask short bits
496	>	private static final int  SHORT_SIGN = 1 << 15;
497	>	private static final int  INT_SIGN   = 1 << 31;
498	>
499	>	// masks
500	>	private static final long STOP_BIT   = 0x0001L << ST_SHIFT;
501	>	private static final long AC_MASK    = ((long)SMASK) << AC_SHIFT;
502	>	private static final long TC_MASK    = ((long)SMASK) << TC_SHIFT;
503	>
504	>	// units for incrementing and decrementing
505	>	private static final long TC_UNIT    = 1L << TC_SHIFT;
506	>	private static final long AC_UNIT    = 1L << AC_SHIFT;
507	>
508	>	// masks and units for dealing with u = (int)(ctl >>> 32)
509	>	private static final int  UAC_SHIFT  = AC_SHIFT - 32;
510	>	private static final int  UTC_SHIFT  = TC_SHIFT - 32;
511	>	private static final int  UAC_MASK   = SMASK << UAC_SHIFT;
512	>	private static final int  UTC_MASK   = SMASK << UTC_SHIFT;
513	>	private static final int  UAC_UNIT   = 1 << UAC_SHIFT;
514	>	private static final int  UTC_UNIT   = 1 << UTC_SHIFT;
515	>
516	>	// masks and units for dealing with e = (int)ctl
517	>	private static final int  E_MASK     = 0x7fffffff; // no STOP_BIT
518	>	private static final int  EC_UNIT    = 1 << EC_SHIFT;
519
520		/**
521	<	* Lifecycle control. The low word contains the number of workers
523	<	* that are (probably) executing tasks. This value is atomically
524	<	* incremented before a worker gets a task to run, and decremented
525	<	* when a worker has no tasks and cannot find any.  Bits 16-18
526	<	* contain runLevel value. When all are zero, the pool is
527	<	* running. Level transitions are monotonic (running -> shutdown
528	<	* -> terminating -> terminated) so each transition adds a bit.
529	<	* These are bundled together to ensure consistent read for
530	<	* termination checks (i.e., that runLevel is at least SHUTDOWN
531	<	* and active threads is zero).
532	<	*
533	<	* Notes: Most direct CASes are dependent on these bitfield
534	<	* positions.  Also, this field is non-private to enable direct
535	<	* performance-sensitive CASes in ForkJoinWorkerThread.
521	>	* The target parallelism level.
522		*/
523	<	volatile int runState;
538	<
539	<	// Note: The order among run level values matters.
540	<	private static final int RUNLEVEL_SHIFT     = 16;
541	<	private static final int SHUTDOWN           = 1 << RUNLEVEL_SHIFT;
542	<	private static final int TERMINATING        = 1 << (RUNLEVEL_SHIFT + 1);
543	<	private static final int TERMINATED         = 1 << (RUNLEVEL_SHIFT + 2);
544	<	private static final int ACTIVE_COUNT_MASK  = (1 << RUNLEVEL_SHIFT) - 1;
523	>	final int parallelism;
524
525		/**
526	<	* Holds number of total (i.e., created and not yet terminated)
527	<	* and running (i.e., not blocked on joins or other managed sync)
549	<	* threads, packed together to ensure consistent snapshot when
550	<	* making decisions about creating and suspending spare
551	<	* threads. Updated only by CAS. Note that adding a new worker
552	<	* requires incrementing both counts, since workers start off in
553	<	* running state.
526	>	* Index (mod submission queue length) of next element to take
527	>	* from submission queue.
528		*/
529	<	private volatile int workerCounts;
529	>	volatile int queueBase;
530
531	<	private static final int TOTAL_COUNT_SHIFT  = 16;
532	<	private static final int RUNNING_COUNT_MASK = (1 << TOTAL_COUNT_SHIFT) - 1;
533	<	private static final int ONE_RUNNING        = 1;
534	<	private static final int ONE_TOTAL          = 1 << TOTAL_COUNT_SHIFT;
531	>	/**
532	>	* Index (mod submission queue length) of next element to add
533	>	* in submission queue.
534	>	*/
535	>	int queueTop;
536
537		/**
538	<	* The target parallelism level.
564	<	* Accessed directly by ForkJoinWorkerThreads.
538	>	* True when shutdown() has been called.
539		*/
540	<	final int parallelism;
540	>	volatile boolean shutdown;
541
542		/**
543		* True if use local fifo, not default lifo, for local polling
#	Line 572 | Line 546 | public class ForkJoinPool extends Abstra
546		final boolean locallyFifo;
547
548		/**
549	<	* The uncaught exception handler used when any worker abruptly
550	<	* terminates.
549	>	* The number of threads in ForkJoinWorkerThreads.helpQuiescePool.
550	>	* When non-zero, suppresses automatic shutdown when active
551	>	* counts become zero.
552		*/
553	<	private final Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler ueh;
553	>	volatile int quiescerCount;
554
555		/**
556	<	* Pool number, just for assigning useful names to worker threads
556	>	* The number of threads blocked in join.
557		*/
558	<	private final int poolNumber;
584	<
585	<	// Utilities for CASing fields. Note that most of these
586	<	// are usually manually inlined by callers
558	>	volatile int blockedCount;
559
560		/**
561	<	* Increments running count part of workerCounts.
561	>	* Counter for worker Thread names (unrelated to their poolIndex)
562		*/
563	<	final void incrementRunningCount() {
592	<	int c;
593	<	do {} while (!UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, workerCountsOffset,
594	<	c = workerCounts,
595	<	c + ONE_RUNNING));
596	<	}
563	>	private volatile int nextWorkerNumber;
564
565		/**
566	<	* Tries to increment running count part of workerCounts.
566	>	* The index for the next created worker. Accessed under scanGuard.
567		*/
568	<	final boolean tryIncrementRunningCount() {
602	<	int c;
603	<	return UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, workerCountsOffset,
604	<	c = workerCounts,
605	<	c + ONE_RUNNING);
606	<	}
568	>	private int nextWorkerIndex;
569
570		/**
571	<	* Tries to decrement running count unless already zero.
571	>	* SeqLock and index masking for for updates to workers array.
572	>	* Locked when SG_UNIT is set. Unlocking clears bit by adding
573	>	* SG_UNIT. Staleness of read-only operations can be checked by
574	>	* comparing scanGuard to value before the reads. The low 16 bits
575	>	* (i.e, anding with SMASK) hold (the smallest power of two
576	>	* covering all worker indices, minus one, and is used to avoid
577	>	* dealing with large numbers of null slots when the workers array
578	>	* is overallocated.
579		*/
580	<	final boolean tryDecrementRunningCount() {
612	<	int wc = workerCounts;
613	<	if ((wc & RUNNING_COUNT_MASK) == 0)
614	<	return false;
615	<	return UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, workerCountsOffset,
616	<	wc, wc - ONE_RUNNING);
617	<	}
580	>	volatile int scanGuard;
581
582	<	/**
620	<	* Forces decrement of encoded workerCounts, awaiting nonzero if
621	<	* (rarely) necessary when other count updates lag.
622	<	*
623	<	* @param dr -- either zero or ONE_RUNNING
624	<	* @param dt -- either zero or ONE_TOTAL
625	<	*/
626	<	private void decrementWorkerCounts(int dr, int dt) {
627	<	for (;;) {
628	<	int wc = workerCounts;
629	<	if ((wc & RUNNING_COUNT_MASK)  - dr < 0 ||
630	<	(wc >>> TOTAL_COUNT_SHIFT) - dt < 0) {
631	<	if ((runState & TERMINATED) != 0)
632	<	return; // lagging termination on a backout
633	<	Thread.yield();
634	<	}
635	<	if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, workerCountsOffset,
636	<	wc, wc - (dr + dt)))
637	<	return;
638	<	}
639	<	}
582	>	private static final int SG_UNIT = 1 << 16;
583
584		/**
585	<	* Tries decrementing active count; fails on contention.
586	<	* Called when workers cannot find tasks to run.
585	>	* The wakeup interval (in nanoseconds) for a worker waiting for a
586	>	* task when the pool is quiescent to instead try to shrink the
587	>	* number of workers.  The exact value does not matter too
588	>	* much. It must be short enough to release resources during
589	>	* sustained periods of idleness, but not so short that threads
590	>	* are continually re-created.
591		*/
592	<	final boolean tryDecrementActiveCount() {
593	<	int c;
647	<	return UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, runStateOffset,
648	<	c = runState, c - 1);
649	<	}
592	>	private static final long SHRINK_RATE =
593	>	4L * 1000L * 1000L * 1000L; // 4 seconds
594
595		/**
596	<	* Advances to at least the given level. Returns true if not
597	<	* already in at least the given level.
596	>	* Top-level loop for worker threads: On each step: if the
597	>	* previous step swept through all queues and found no tasks, or
598	>	* there are excess threads, then possibly blocks. Otherwise,
599	>	* scans for and, if found, executes a task. Returns when pool
600	>	* and/or worker terminate.
601	>	*
602	>	* @param w the worker
603		*/
604	<	private boolean advanceRunLevel(int level) {
605	<	for (;;) {
606	<	int s = runState;
607	<	if ((s & level) != 0)
608	<	return false;
609	<	if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, runStateOffset, s, s | level))
610	<	return true;
604	>	final void work(ForkJoinWorkerThread w) {
605	>	boolean swept = false;                // true on empty scans
606	>	long c;
607	>	while (!w.terminate && (int)(c = ctl) >= 0) {
608	>	int a;                            // active count
609	>	if (!swept && (a = (int)(c >> AC_SHIFT)) <= 0)
610	>	swept = scan(w, a);
611	>	else if (tryAwaitWork(w, c))
612	>	swept = false;
613		}
614		}
615
616	<	// workers array maintenance
616	>	// Signalling
617
618		/**
619	<	* Records and returns a workers array index for new worker.
619	>	* Wakes up or creates a worker.
620		*/
621	<	private int recordWorker(ForkJoinWorkerThread w) {
622	<	// Try using slot totalCount-1. If not available, scan and/or resize
623	<	int k = (workerCounts >>> TOTAL_COUNT_SHIFT) - 1;
624	<	final ReentrantLock lock = this.workerLock;
625	<	lock.lock();
626	<	try {
627	<	ForkJoinWorkerThread[] ws = workers;
628	<	int n = ws.length;
629	<	if (k < 0 || k >= n || ws[k] != null) {
630	<	for (k = 0; k < n && ws[k] != null; ++k)
631	<	;
632	<	if (k == n)
633	<	ws = workers = Arrays.copyOf(ws, n << 1);
634	<	}
635	<	ws[k] = w;
636	<	int c = eventCount; // advance event count to ensure visibility
637	<	UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, eventCountOffset, c, c+1);
638	<	} finally {
639	<	lock.unlock();
621	>	final void signalWork() {
622	>	/*
623	>	* The while condition is true if: (there is are too few total
624	>	* workers OR there is at least one waiter) AND (there are too
625	>	* few active workers OR the pool is terminating).  The value
626	>	* of e distinguishes the remaining cases: zero (no waiters)
627	>	* for create, negative if terminating (in which case do
628	>	* nothing), else release a waiter. The secondary checks for
629	>	* release (non-null array etc) can fail if the pool begins
630	>	* terminating after the test, and don't impose any added cost
631	>	* because JVMs must perform null and bounds checks anyway.
632	>	*/
633	>	long c; int e, u;
634	>	while ((((e = (int)(c = ctl)) | (u = (int)(c >>> 32))) &
635	>	(INT_SIGN|SHORT_SIGN)) == (INT_SIGN|SHORT_SIGN) && e >= 0) {
636	>	if (e > 0) {                         // release a waiting worker
637	>	int i; ForkJoinWorkerThread w; ForkJoinWorkerThread[] ws;
638	>	if ((ws = workers) == null ||
639	>	(i = ~e & SMASK) >= ws.length ||
640	>	(w = ws[i]) == null)
641	>	break;
642	>	long nc = (((long)(w.nextWait & E_MASK)) |
643	>	((long)(u + UAC_UNIT) << 32));
644	>	if (w.eventCount == e &&
645	>	UNSAFE.compareAndSwapLong(this, ctlOffset, c, nc)) {
646	>	w.eventCount = (e + EC_UNIT) & E_MASK;
647	>	if (w.parked)
648	>	UNSAFE.unpark(w);
649	>	break;
650	>	}
651	>	}
652	>	else if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapLong
653	>	(this, ctlOffset, c,
654	>	(long)(((u + UTC_UNIT) & UTC_MASK) |
655	>	((u + UAC_UNIT) & UAC_MASK)) << 32)) {
656	>	addWorker();
657	>	break;
658	>	}
659		}
690	–	return k;
660		}
661
662		/**
663	<	* Nulls out record of worker in workers array.
663	>	* Variant of signalWork to help release waiters on rescans.
664	>	* Tries once to release a waiter if active count < 0.
665	>	*
666	>	* @return false if failed due to contention, else true
667		*/
668	<	private void forgetWorker(ForkJoinWorkerThread w) {
669	<	int idx = w.poolIndex;
670	<	// Locking helps method recordWorker avoid unnecessary expansion
671	<	final ReentrantLock lock = this.workerLock;
672	<	lock.lock();
673	<	try {
674	<	ForkJoinWorkerThread[] ws = workers;
675	<	if (idx >= 0 && idx < ws.length && ws[idx] == w) // verify
676	<	ws[idx] = null;
677	<	} finally {
678	<	lock.unlock();
668	>	private boolean tryReleaseWaiter() {
669	>	long c; int e, i; ForkJoinWorkerThread w; ForkJoinWorkerThread[] ws;
670	>	if ((e = (int)(c = ctl)) > 0 &&
671	>	(int)(c >> AC_SHIFT) < 0 &&
672	>	(ws = workers) != null &&
673	>	(i = ~e & SMASK) < ws.length &&
674	>	(w = ws[i]) != null) {
675	>	long nc = ((long)(w.nextWait & E_MASK) |
676	>	((c + AC_UNIT) & (AC_MASK|TC_MASK)));
677	>	if (w.eventCount != e ||
678	>	!UNSAFE.compareAndSwapLong(this, ctlOffset, c, nc))
679	>	return false;
680	>	w.eventCount = (e + EC_UNIT) & E_MASK;
681	>	if (w.parked)
682	>	UNSAFE.unpark(w);
683		}
684	+	return true;
685		}
686
687	+	// Scanning for tasks
688	+
689		/**
690	<	* Final callback from terminating worker.  Removes record of
691	<	* worker from array, and adjusts counts. If pool is shutting
692	<	* down, tries to complete termination.
690	>	* Scans for and, if found, executes one task. Scans start at a
691	>	* random index of workers array, and randomly select the first
692	>	* (2*#workers)-1 probes, and then, if all empty, resort to 2
693	>	* circular sweeps, which is necessary to check quiescence. and
694	>	* taking a submission only if no stealable tasks were found.  The
695	>	* steal code inside the loop is a specialized form of
696	>	* ForkJoinWorkerThread.deqTask, followed bookkeeping to support
697	>	* helpJoinTask and signal propagation. The code for submission
698	>	* queues is almost identical. On each steal, the worker completes
699	>	* not only the task, but also all local tasks that this task may
700	>	* have generated. On detecting staleness or contention when
701	>	* trying to take a task, this method returns without finishing
702	>	* sweep, which allows global state rechecks before retry.
703		*
704		* @param w the worker
705	+	* @param a the number of active workers
706	+	* @return true if swept all queues without finding a task
707		*/
708	<	final void workerTerminated(ForkJoinWorkerThread w) {
709	<	forgetWorker(w);
710	<	decrementWorkerCounts(w.isTrimmed() ? 0 : ONE_RUNNING, ONE_TOTAL);
720	<	while (w.stealCount != 0) // collect final count
721	<	tryAccumulateStealCount(w);
722	<	tryTerminate(false);
723	<	}
724	<
725	<	// Waiting for and signalling events
726	<
727	<	/**
728	<	* Releases workers blocked on a count not equal to current count.
729	<	* Normally called after precheck that eventWaiters isn't zero to
730	<	* avoid wasted array checks. Gives up upon a change in count or
731	<	* upon releasing four workers, letting others take over.
732	<	*/
733	<	private void releaseEventWaiters() {
708	>	private boolean scan(ForkJoinWorkerThread w, int a) {
709	>	int g = scanGuard; // mask 0 avoids useless scans if only one active
710	>	int m = parallelism == 1 - a? 0 : g & SMASK;
711		ForkJoinWorkerThread[] ws = workers;
712	<	int n = ws.length;
713	<	long h = eventWaiters;
714	<	int ec = eventCount;
715	<	int releases = 4;
716	<	ForkJoinWorkerThread w; int id;
717	<	while ((id = (((int)h) & WAITER_ID_MASK) - 1) >= 0 &&
718	<	(int)(h >>> EVENT_COUNT_SHIFT) != ec &&
719	<	id < n && (w = ws[id]) != null) {
720	<	if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapLong(this, eventWaitersOffset,
721	<	h,  w.nextWaiter)) {
722	<	LockSupport.unpark(w);
723	<	if (--releases == 0)
724	<	break;
712	>	if (ws == null || ws.length <= m)         // staleness check
713	>	return false;
714	>	for (int r = w.seed, k = r, j = -(m + m); j <= m + m; ++j) {
715	>	ForkJoinTask<?> t; ForkJoinTask<?>[] q; int b, i;
716	>	ForkJoinWorkerThread v = ws[k & m];
717	>	if (v != null && (b = v.queueBase) != v.queueTop &&
718	>	(q = v.queue) != null && (i = (q.length - 1) & b) >= 0) {
719	>	long u = (i << ASHIFT) + ABASE;
720	>	if ((t = q[i]) != null && v.queueBase == b &&
721	>	UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(q, u, t, null)) {
722	>	int d = (v.queueBase = b + 1) - v.queueTop;
723	>	v.stealHint = w.poolIndex;
724	>	if (d != 0)
725	>	signalWork();             // propagate if nonempty
726	>	w.execTask(t);
727	>	}
728	>	r ^= r << 13; r ^= r >>> 17; w.seed = r ^ (r << 5);
729	>	return false;                     // store next seed
730		}
731	<	if (eventCount != ec)
732	<	break;
733	<	h = eventWaiters;
731	>	else if (j < 0) {                     // xorshift
732	>	r ^= r << 13; r ^= r >>> 17; k = r ^= r << 5;
733	>	}
734	>	else
735	>	++k;
736	>	}
737	>	if (scanGuard != g)                       // staleness check
738	>	return false;
739	>	else {                                    // try to take submission
740	>	ForkJoinTask<?> t; ForkJoinTask<?>[] q; int b, i;
741	>	if ((b = queueBase) != queueTop &&
742	>	(q = submissionQueue) != null &&
743	>	(i = (q.length - 1) & b) >= 0) {
744	>	long u = (i << ASHIFT) + ABASE;
745	>	if ((t = q[i]) != null && queueBase == b &&
746	>	UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(q, u, t, null)) {
747	>	queueBase = b + 1;
748	>	w.execTask(t);
749	>	}
750	>	return false;
751	>	}
752	>	return true;                         // all queues empty
753		}
754		}
755
756		/**
757	<	* Tries to advance eventCount and releases waiters. Called only
758	<	* from workers.
757	>	* Tries to enqueue worker in wait queue and await change in
758	>	* worker's eventCount.  Before blocking, rescans queues to avoid
759	>	* missed signals.  If the pool is quiescent, possibly terminates
760	>	* worker upon exit.
761	>	*
762	>	* @param w the calling worker
763	>	* @param c the ctl value on entry
764	>	* @return true if waited or another thread was released upon enq
765		*/
766	<	final void signalWork() {
767	<	int c; // try to increment event count -- CAS failure OK
768	<	UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, eventCountOffset, c = eventCount, c+1);
769	<	if (eventWaiters != 0L)
770	<	releaseEventWaiters();
771	<	}
772	<
773	<	/**
774	<	* Adds the given worker to event queue and blocks until
775	<	* terminating or event count advances from the given value
776	<	*
777	<	* @param w the calling worker thread
778	<	* @param ec the count
779	<	*/
780	<	private void eventSync(ForkJoinWorkerThread w, int ec) {
781	<	long nh = (((long)ec) << EVENT_COUNT_SHIFT) | ((long)(w.poolIndex+1));
782	<	long h;
783	<	while ((runState < SHUTDOWN || !tryTerminate(false)) &&
784	<	(((int)(h = eventWaiters) & WAITER_ID_MASK) == 0 ||
785	<	(int)(h >>> EVENT_COUNT_SHIFT) == ec) &&
786	<	eventCount == ec) {
787	<	if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapLong(this, eventWaitersOffset,
788	<	w.nextWaiter = h, nh)) {
789	<	awaitEvent(w, ec);
790	<	break;
766	>	private boolean tryAwaitWork(ForkJoinWorkerThread w, long c) {
767	>	int v = w.eventCount;
768	>	w.nextWait = (int)c;                       // w's successor record
769	>	long nc = (long)(v & E_MASK) | ((c - AC_UNIT) & (AC_MASK|TC_MASK));
770	>	if (ctl != c || !UNSAFE.compareAndSwapLong(this, ctlOffset, c, nc)) {
771	>	long d = ctl; // return true if lost to a deq, to force rescan
772	>	return (int)d != (int)c && ((d - c) & AC_MASK) >= 0L;
773	>	}
774	>	boolean rescanned = false;
775	>	for (int sc;;) {
776	>	if (w.eventCount != v)
777	>	return true;
778	>	if ((sc = w.stealCount) != 0) {
779	>	long s = stealCount;               // accumulate stealCount
780	>	if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapLong(this, stealCountOffset, s, s+sc))
781	>	w.stealCount = 0;
782	>	}
783	>	else if (!rescanned) {
784	>	int g = scanGuard, m = g & SMASK;
785	>	ForkJoinWorkerThread[] ws = workers;
786	>	if (ws != null && m < ws.length) {
787	>	rescanned = true;
788	>	for (int i = 0; i <= m; ++i) {
789	>	ForkJoinWorkerThread u = ws[i];
790	>	if (u != null) {
791	>	if (u.queueBase != u.queueTop &&
792	>	!tryReleaseWaiter())
793	>	rescanned = false; // contended
794	>	if (w.eventCount != v)
795	>	return true;
796	>	}
797	>	}
798	>	}
799	>	if (scanGuard != g ||              // stale
800	>	(queueBase != queueTop && !tryReleaseWaiter()))
801	>	rescanned = false;
802	>	if (!rescanned)
803	>	Thread.yield();                // reduce contention
804	>	else
805	>	Thread.interrupted();          // clear before park
806	>	}
807	>	else if (parallelism + (int)(ctl >> AC_SHIFT) == 0 &&
808	>	blockedCount == 0 && quiescerCount == 0)
809	>	idleAwaitWork(w, v);               // quiescent -- maybe shrink
810	>	else {
811	>	w.parked = true;                   // must recheck
812	>	if (w.eventCount != v) {
813	>	w.parked = false;
814	>	return true;
815	>	}
816	>	LockSupport.park(this);
817	>	rescanned = w.parked = false;
818		}
819		}
820		}
821
822		/**
823	<	* Blocks the given worker (that has already been entered as an
824	<	* event waiter) until terminating or event count advances from
825	<	* the given value. The oldest (first) waiter uses a timed wait to
826	<	* occasionally one-by-one shrink the number of workers (to a
827	<	* minimum of one) if the pool has not been used for extended
828	<	* periods.
829	<	*
830	<	* @param w the calling worker thread
831	<	* @param ec the count
832	<	*/
833	<	private void awaitEvent(ForkJoinWorkerThread w, int ec) {
834	<	while (eventCount == ec) {
835	<	if (tryAccumulateStealCount(w)) { // transfer while idle
836	<	boolean untimed = (w.nextWaiter != 0L ||
837	<	(workerCounts & RUNNING_COUNT_MASK) <= 1);
838	<	long startTime = untimed ? 0 : System.nanoTime();
839	<	Thread.interrupted();         // clear/ignore interrupt
840	<	if (w.isTerminating() || eventCount != ec)
841	<	break;                    // recheck after clear
842	<	if (untimed)
843	<	LockSupport.park(w);
844	<	else {
845	<	LockSupport.parkNanos(w, SHRINK_RATE_NANOS);
846	<	if (eventCount != ec || w.isTerminating())
847	<	break;
848	<	if (System.nanoTime() - startTime >= SHRINK_RATE_NANOS)
849	<	tryShutdownUnusedWorker(ec);
823	>	* If pool is quiescent, checks for termination, and waits for
824	>	* event signal for up to SHRINK_RATE nanosecs. On timeout, if ctl
825	>	* has not changed, terminates the worker. Upon its termination
826	>	* (see deregisterWorker), it may wake up another worker to
827	>	* possibly repeat this process.
828	>	*
829	>	* @param w the calling worker
830	>	* @param v the eventCount w must wait until changed
831	>	*/
832	>	private void idleAwaitWork(ForkJoinWorkerThread w, int v) {
833	>	ForkJoinTask.helpExpungeStaleExceptions(); // help clean weak refs
834	>	if (shutdown)
835	>	tryTerminate(false);
836	>	long c = ctl;
837	>	long nc = (((c & (AC_MASK|TC_MASK)) + AC_UNIT) |
838	>	(long)(w.nextWait & E_MASK)); // ctl value to release w
839	>	if (w.eventCount == v &&
840	>	parallelism + (int)(c >> AC_SHIFT) == 0 &&
841	>	blockedCount == 0 && quiescerCount == 0) {
842	>	long startTime = System.nanoTime();
843	>	Thread.interrupted();
844	>	if (w.eventCount == v) {
845	>	w.parked = true;
846	>	if (w.eventCount == v)
847	>	LockSupport.parkNanos(this, SHRINK_RATE);
848	>	w.parked = false;
849	>	if (w.eventCount == v && ctl == c &&
850	>	System.nanoTime() - startTime >= SHRINK_RATE &&
851	>	UNSAFE.compareAndSwapLong(this, ctlOffset, c, nc)) {
852	>	w.terminate = true;
853	>	w.eventCount = ((int)c + EC_UNIT) & E_MASK;
854		}
855		}
856		}
857		}
858
859	<	// Maintaining parallelism
859	>	// Submissions
860
861		/**
862	<	* Pushes worker onto the spare stack.
862	>	* Enqueues the given task in the submissionQueue.  Same idea as
863	>	* ForkJoinWorkerThread.pushTask except for use of submissionLock.
864	>	*
865	>	* @param t the task
866		*/
867	<	final void pushSpare(ForkJoinWorkerThread w) {
868	<	int ns = (++w.spareCount << SPARE_COUNT_SHIFT) | (w.poolIndex + 1);
869	<	do {} while (!UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, spareWaitersOffset,
870	<	w.nextSpare = spareWaiters,ns));
867	>	private void addSubmission(ForkJoinTask<?> t) {
868	>	final ReentrantLock lock = this.submissionLock;
869	>	lock.lock();
870	>	try {
871	>	ForkJoinTask<?>[] q; int s, m;
872	>	if ((q = submissionQueue) != null) {    // ignore if queue removed
873	>	long u = (((s = queueTop) & (m = q.length-1)) << ASHIFT)+ABASE;
874	>	UNSAFE.putOrderedObject(q, u, t);
875	>	queueTop = s + 1;
876	>	if (s - queueBase == m)
877	>	growSubmissionQueue();
878	>	}
879	>	} finally {
880	>	lock.unlock();
881	>	}
882	>	signalWork();
883		}
884
885	+	//  (pollSubmission is defined below with exported methods)
886	+
887		/**
888	<	* Tries (once) to resume a spare if the number of running
889	<	* threads is less than target.
888	>	* Creates or doubles submissionQueue array.
889	>	* Basically identical to ForkJoinWorkerThread version
890		*/
891	<	private void tryResumeSpare() {
892	<	int sw, id;
893	<	ForkJoinWorkerThread[] ws = workers;
894	<	int n = ws.length;
895	<	ForkJoinWorkerThread w;
896	<	if ((sw = spareWaiters) != 0 &&
897	<	(id = (sw & SPARE_ID_MASK) - 1) >= 0 &&
898	<	id < n && (w = ws[id]) != null &&
899	<	(runState >= TERMINATING ||
900	<	(workerCounts & RUNNING_COUNT_MASK) < parallelism) &&
901	<	spareWaiters == sw &&
902	<	UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, spareWaitersOffset,
903	<	sw, w.nextSpare)) {
904	<	int c; // increment running count before resume
905	<	do {} while (!UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt
906	<	(this, workerCountsOffset,
907	<	c = workerCounts, c + ONE_RUNNING));
908	<	if (w.tryUnsuspend())
909	<	LockSupport.unpark(w);
855	<	else   // back out if w was shutdown
856	<	decrementWorkerCounts(ONE_RUNNING, 0);
891	>	private void growSubmissionQueue() {
892	>	ForkJoinTask<?>[] oldQ = submissionQueue;
893	>	int size = oldQ != null ? oldQ.length << 1 : INITIAL_QUEUE_CAPACITY;
894	>	if (size > MAXIMUM_QUEUE_CAPACITY)
895	>	throw new RejectedExecutionException("Queue capacity exceeded");
896	>	if (size < INITIAL_QUEUE_CAPACITY)
897	>	size = INITIAL_QUEUE_CAPACITY;
898	>	ForkJoinTask<?>[] q = submissionQueue = new ForkJoinTask<?>[size];
899	>	int mask = size - 1;
900	>	int top = queueTop;
901	>	int oldMask;
902	>	if (oldQ != null && (oldMask = oldQ.length - 1) >= 0) {
903	>	for (int b = queueBase; b != top; ++b) {
904	>	long u = ((b & oldMask) << ASHIFT) + ABASE;
905	>	Object x = UNSAFE.getObjectVolatile(oldQ, u);
906	>	if (x != null && UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(oldQ, u, x, null))
907	>	UNSAFE.putObjectVolatile
908	>	(q, ((b & mask) << ASHIFT) + ABASE, x);
909	>	}
910		}
911		}
912
913	+	// Blocking support
914	+
915		/**
916	<	* Tries to increase the number of running workers if below target
917	<	* parallelism: If a spare exists tries to resume it via
918	<	* tryResumeSpare.  Otherwise, if not enough total workers or all
919	<	* existing workers are busy, adds a new worker. In all cases also
920	<	* helps wake up releasable workers waiting for work.
921	<	*/
922	<	private void helpMaintainParallelism() {
923	<	int pc = parallelism;
924	<	int wc, rs, tc;
925	<	while (((wc = workerCounts) & RUNNING_COUNT_MASK) < pc &&
926	<	(rs = runState) < TERMINATING) {
927	<	if (spareWaiters != 0)
928	<	tryResumeSpare();
929	<	else if ((tc = wc >>> TOTAL_COUNT_SHIFT) >= MAX_WORKERS ||
930	<	(tc >= pc && (rs & ACTIVE_COUNT_MASK) != tc))
931	<	break;   // enough total
932	<	else if (runState == rs && workerCounts == wc &&
933	<	UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, workerCountsOffset, wc,
879	<	wc + (ONE_RUNNING|ONE_TOTAL))) {
880	<	ForkJoinWorkerThread w = null;
881	<	Throwable fail = null;
882	<	try {
883	<	w = factory.newThread(this);
884	<	} catch (Throwable ex) {
885	<	fail = ex;
916	>	* Tries to increment blockedCount, decrement active count
917	>	* (sometimes implicitly) and possibly release or create a
918	>	* compensating worker in preparation for blocking. Fails
919	>	* on contention or termination.
920	>	*
921	>	* @return true if the caller can block, else should recheck and retry
922	>	*/
923	>	private boolean tryPreBlock() {
924	>	int b = blockedCount;
925	>	if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, blockedCountOffset, b, b + 1)) {
926	>	int pc = parallelism;
927	>	do {
928	>	ForkJoinWorkerThread[] ws; ForkJoinWorkerThread w;
929	>	int e, ac, tc, rc, i;
930	>	long c = ctl;
931	>	int u = (int)(c >>> 32);
932	>	if ((e = (int)c) < 0) {
933	>	// skip -- terminating
934		}
935	<	if (w == null) { // null or exceptional factory return
936	<	decrementWorkerCounts(ONE_RUNNING, ONE_TOTAL);
937	<	tryTerminate(false); // handle failure during shutdown
938	<	// If originating from an external caller,
939	<	// propagate exception, else ignore
940	<	if (fail != null && runState < TERMINATING &&
941	<	!(Thread.currentThread() instanceof
942	<	ForkJoinWorkerThread))
943	<	UNSAFE.throwException(fail);
944	<	break;
935	>	else if ((ac = (u >> UAC_SHIFT)) <= 0 && e != 0 &&
936	>	(ws = workers) != null &&
937	>	(i = ~e & SMASK) < ws.length &&
938	>	(w = ws[i]) != null) {
939	>	long nc = ((long)(w.nextWait & E_MASK) |
940	>	(c & (AC_MASK|TC_MASK)));
941	>	if (w.eventCount == e &&
942	>	UNSAFE.compareAndSwapLong(this, ctlOffset, c, nc)) {
943	>	w.eventCount = (e + EC_UNIT) & E_MASK;
944	>	if (w.parked)
945	>	UNSAFE.unpark(w);
946	>	return true;             // release an idle worker
947	>	}
948		}
949	<	w.start(recordWorker(w), ueh);
950	<	if ((workerCounts >>> TOTAL_COUNT_SHIFT) >= pc)
951	<	break; // add at most one unless total below target
952	<	}
949	>	else if ((tc = (short)(u >>> UTC_SHIFT)) >= 0 && ac + pc > 1) {
950	>	long nc = ((c - AC_UNIT) & AC_MASK) | (c & ~AC_MASK);
951	>	if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapLong(this, ctlOffset, c, nc))
952	>	return true;             // no compensation needed
953	>	}
954	>	else if (tc + pc < MAX_ID) {
955	>	long nc = ((c + TC_UNIT) & TC_MASK) | (c & ~TC_MASK);
956	>	if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapLong(this, ctlOffset, c, nc)) {
957	>	addWorker();
958	>	return true;            // create a replacement
959	>	}
960	>	}
961	>	// try to back out on any failure and let caller retry
962	>	} while (!UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, blockedCountOffset,
963	>	b = blockedCount, b - 1));
964		}
965	<	if (eventWaiters != 0L)
904	<	releaseEventWaiters();
965	>	return false;
966		}
967
968		/**
969	<	* Callback from the oldest waiter in awaitEvent waking up after a
909	<	* period of non-use. If all workers are idle, tries (once) to
910	<	* shutdown an event waiter or a spare, if one exists. Note that
911	<	* we don't need CAS or locks here because the method is called
912	<	* only from one thread occasionally waking (and even misfires are
913	<	* OK). Note that until the shutdown worker fully terminates,
914	<	* workerCounts will overestimate total count, which is tolerable.
915	<	*
916	<	* @param ec the event count waited on by caller (to abort
917	<	* attempt if count has since changed).
969	>	* Decrements blockedCount and increments active count
970		*/
971	<	private void tryShutdownUnusedWorker(int ec) {
972	<	if (runState == 0 && eventCount == ec) { // only trigger if all idle
973	<	ForkJoinWorkerThread[] ws = workers;
974	<	int n = ws.length;
975	<	ForkJoinWorkerThread w = null;
976	<	boolean shutdown = false;
977	<	int sw;
926	<	long h;
927	<	if ((sw = spareWaiters) != 0) { // prefer killing spares
928	<	int id = (sw & SPARE_ID_MASK) - 1;
929	<	if (id >= 0 && id < n && (w = ws[id]) != null &&
930	<	UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, spareWaitersOffset,
931	<	sw, w.nextSpare))
932	<	shutdown = true;
933	<	}
934	<	else if ((h = eventWaiters) != 0L) {
935	<	long nh;
936	<	int id = (((int)h) & WAITER_ID_MASK) - 1;
937	<	if (id >= 0 && id < n && (w = ws[id]) != null &&
938	<	(nh = w.nextWaiter) != 0L && // keep at least one worker
939	<	UNSAFE.compareAndSwapLong(this, eventWaitersOffset, h, nh))
940	<	shutdown = true;
941	<	}
942	<	if (w != null && shutdown) {
943	<	w.shutdown();
944	<	LockSupport.unpark(w);
945	<	}
946	<	}
947	<	releaseEventWaiters(); // in case of interference
971	>	private void postBlock() {
972	>	long c;
973	>	do {} while (!UNSAFE.compareAndSwapLong(this, ctlOffset,  // no mask
974	>	c = ctl, c + AC_UNIT));
975	>	int b;
976	>	do {} while(!UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, blockedCountOffset,
977	>	b = blockedCount, b - 1));
978		}
979
980		/**
981	<	* Callback from workers invoked upon each top-level action (i.e.,
982	<	* stealing a task or taking a submission and running it).
953	<	* Performs one or more of the following:
954	<	*
955	<	* 1. If the worker is active and either did not run a task
956	<	*    or there are too many workers, try to set its active status
957	<	*    to inactive and update activeCount. On contention, we may
958	<	*    try again in this or a subsequent call.
959	<	*
960	<	* 2. If not enough total workers, help create some.
961	<	*
962	<	* 3. If there are too many running workers, suspend this worker
963	<	*    (first forcing inactive if necessary).  If it is not needed,
964	<	*    it may be shutdown while suspended (via
965	<	*    tryShutdownUnusedWorker).  Otherwise, upon resume it
966	<	*    rechecks running thread count and need for event sync.
967	<	*
968	<	* 4. If worker did not run a task, await the next task event via
969	<	*    eventSync if necessary (first forcing inactivation), upon
970	<	*    which the worker may be shutdown via
971	<	*    tryShutdownUnusedWorker.  Otherwise, help release any
972	<	*    existing event waiters that are now releasable,
981	>	* Possibly blocks waiting for the given task to complete, or
982	>	* cancels the task if terminating.  Fails to wait if contended.
983		*
984	<	* @param w the worker
975	<	* @param ran true if worker ran a task since last call to this method
984	>	* @param joinMe the task
985		*/
986	<	final void preStep(ForkJoinWorkerThread w, boolean ran) {
987	<	int wec = w.lastEventCount;
988	<	boolean active = w.active;
989	<	boolean inactivate = false;
990	<	int pc = parallelism;
991	<	while (w.runState == 0) {
992	<	int rs = runState;
984	<	if (rs >= TERMINATING) {           // propagate shutdown
985	<	w.shutdown();
986	<	break;
987	<	}
988	<	if ((inactivate || (active && (rs & ACTIVE_COUNT_MASK) >= pc)) &&
989	<	UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, runStateOffset, rs, --rs)) {
990	<	inactivate = active = w.active = false;
991	<	if (rs == SHUTDOWN) {          // all inactive and shut down
992	<	tryTerminate(false);
993	<	continue;
994	<	}
995	<	}
996	<	int wc = workerCounts;             // try to suspend as spare
997	<	if ((wc & RUNNING_COUNT_MASK) > pc) {
998	<	if (!(inactivate |= active) && // must inactivate to suspend
999	<	workerCounts == wc &&
1000	<	UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, workerCountsOffset,
1001	<	wc, wc - ONE_RUNNING))
1002	<	w.suspendAsSpare();
1003	<	}
1004	<	else if ((wc >>> TOTAL_COUNT_SHIFT) < pc)
1005	<	helpMaintainParallelism();     // not enough workers
1006	<	else if (ran)
1007	<	break;
1008	<	else {
1009	<	long h = eventWaiters;
1010	<	int ec = eventCount;
1011	<	if (h != 0L && (int)(h >>> EVENT_COUNT_SHIFT) != ec)
1012	<	releaseEventWaiters();     // release others before waiting
1013	<	else if (ec != wec) {
1014	<	w.lastEventCount = ec;     // no need to wait
1015	<	break;
1016	<	}
1017	<	else if (!(inactivate |= active))
1018	<	eventSync(w, wec);         // must inactivate before sync
986	>	final void tryAwaitJoin(ForkJoinTask<?> joinMe) {
987	>	int s;
988	>	Thread.interrupted(); // clear interrupts before checking termination
989	>	if (joinMe.status >= 0) {
990	>	if (tryPreBlock()) {
991	>	joinMe.tryAwaitDone(0L);
992	>	postBlock();
993		}
994	+	if ((ctl & STOP_BIT) != 0L)
995	+	joinMe.cancelIgnoringExceptions();
996		}
997		}
998
999		/**
1000	<	* Helps and/or blocks awaiting join of the given task.
1001	<	* See above for explanation.
1000	>	* Possibly blocks the given worker waiting for joinMe to
1001	>	* complete or timeout
1002		*
1003	<	* @param joinMe the task to join
1004	<	* @param worker the current worker thread
1029	<	* @param timed true if wait should time out
1030	<	* @param nanos timeout value if timed
1003	>	* @param joinMe the task
1004	>	* @param millis the wait time for underlying Object.wait
1005		*/
1006	<	final void awaitJoin(ForkJoinTask<?> joinMe, ForkJoinWorkerThread worker,
1033	<	boolean timed, long nanos) {
1034	<	long startTime = timed ? System.nanoTime() : 0L;
1035	<	int retries = 2 + (parallelism >> 2); // #helpJoins before blocking
1036	<	boolean running = true;               // false when count decremented
1006	>	final void timedAwaitJoin(ForkJoinTask<?> joinMe, long nanos) {
1007		while (joinMe.status >= 0) {
1008	<	if (runState >= TERMINATING) {
1008	>	Thread.interrupted();
1009	>	if ((ctl & STOP_BIT) != 0L) {
1010		joinMe.cancelIgnoringExceptions();
1011		break;
1012		}
1013	<	running = worker.helpJoinTask(joinMe, running);
1014	<	if (joinMe.status < 0)
1015	<	break;
1016	<	if (retries > 0) {
1017	<	--retries;
1018	<	continue;
1019	<	}
1020	<	int wc = workerCounts;
1021	<	if ((wc & RUNNING_COUNT_MASK) != 0) {
1022	<	if (running) {
1023	<	if (!UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, workerCountsOffset,
1024	<	wc, wc - ONE_RUNNING))
1054	<	continue;
1055	<	running = false;
1056	<	}
1057	<	long h = eventWaiters;
1058	<	if (h != 0L && (int)(h >>> EVENT_COUNT_SHIFT) != eventCount)
1059	<	releaseEventWaiters();
1060	<	if ((workerCounts & RUNNING_COUNT_MASK) != 0) {
1061	<	long ms; int ns;
1062	<	if (!timed) {
1063	<	ms = JOIN_TIMEOUT_MILLIS;
1064	<	ns = 0;
1065	<	}
1066	<	else { // at most JOIN_TIMEOUT_MILLIS per wait
1067	<	long nt = nanos - (System.nanoTime() - startTime);
1068	<	if (nt <= 0L)
1069	<	break;
1070	<	ms = nt / 1000000;
1071	<	if (ms > JOIN_TIMEOUT_MILLIS) {
1072	<	ms = JOIN_TIMEOUT_MILLIS;
1073	<	ns = 0;
1074	<	}
1075	<	else
1076	<	ns = (int) (nt % 1000000);
1013	>	if (tryPreBlock()) {
1014	>	long last = System.nanoTime();
1015	>	while (joinMe.status >= 0) {
1016	>	long millis = TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS.toMillis(nanos);
1017	>	if (millis <= 0)
1018	>	break;
1019	>	joinMe.tryAwaitDone(millis);
1020	>	if (joinMe.status < 0)
1021	>	break;
1022	>	if ((ctl & STOP_BIT) != 0L) {
1023	>	joinMe.cancelIgnoringExceptions();
1024	>	break;
1025		}
1026	<	joinMe.internalAwaitDone(ms, ns);
1026	>	long now = System.nanoTime();
1027	>	nanos -= now - last;
1028	>	last = now;
1029		}
1030	<	if (joinMe.status < 0)
1031	<	break;
1030	>	postBlock();
1031	>	break;
1032		}
1083	–	helpMaintainParallelism();
1084	–	}
1085	–	if (!running) {
1086	–	int c;
1087	–	do {} while (!UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt
1088	–	(this, workerCountsOffset,
1089	–	c = workerCounts, c + ONE_RUNNING));
1033		}
1034		}
1035
1036		/**
1037	<	* Same idea as awaitJoin, but no helping, retries, or timeouts.
1037	>	* If necessary, compensates for blocker, and blocks
1038		*/
1039	<	final void awaitBlocker(ManagedBlocker blocker)
1039	>	private void awaitBlocker(ManagedBlocker blocker)
1040		throws InterruptedException {
1041		while (!blocker.isReleasable()) {
1042	<	int wc = workerCounts;
1100	<	if ((wc & RUNNING_COUNT_MASK) == 0)
1101	<	helpMaintainParallelism();
1102	<	else if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, workerCountsOffset,
1103	<	wc, wc - ONE_RUNNING)) {
1042	>	if (tryPreBlock()) {
1043		try {
1044	<	while (!blocker.isReleasable()) {
1106	<	long h = eventWaiters;
1107	<	if (h != 0L &&
1108	<	(int)(h >>> EVENT_COUNT_SHIFT) != eventCount)
1109	<	releaseEventWaiters();
1110	<	else if ((workerCounts & RUNNING_COUNT_MASK) == 0 &&
1111	<	runState < TERMINATING)
1112	<	helpMaintainParallelism();
1113	<	else if (blocker.block())
1114	<	break;
1115	<	}
1044	>	do {} while (!blocker.isReleasable() && !blocker.block());
1045		} finally {
1046	<	int c;
1118	<	do {} while (!UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt
1119	<	(this, workerCountsOffset,
1120	<	c = workerCounts, c + ONE_RUNNING));
1046	>	postBlock();
1047		}
1048		break;
1049		}
1050		}
1051		}
1052
1053	+	// Creating, registering and deregistring workers
1054	+
1055	+	/**
1056	+	* Tries to create and start a worker; minimally rolls back counts
1057	+	* on failure.
1058	+	*/
1059	+	private void addWorker() {
1060	+	Throwable ex = null;
1061	+	ForkJoinWorkerThread t = null;
1062	+	try {
1063	+	t = factory.newThread(this);
1064	+	} catch (Throwable e) {
1065	+	ex = e;
1066	+	}
1067	+	if (t == null) {  // null or exceptional factory return
1068	+	long c;       // adjust counts
1069	+	do {} while (!UNSAFE.compareAndSwapLong
1070	+	(this, ctlOffset, c = ctl,
1071	+	(((c - AC_UNIT) & AC_MASK) |
1072	+	((c - TC_UNIT) & TC_MASK) |
1073	+	(c & ~(AC_MASK|TC_MASK)))));
1074	+	// Propagate exception if originating from an external caller
1075	+	if (!tryTerminate(false) && ex != null &&
1076	+	!(Thread.currentThread() instanceof ForkJoinWorkerThread))
1077	+	UNSAFE.throwException(ex);
1078	+	}
1079	+	else
1080	+	t.start();
1081	+	}
1082	+
1083	+	/**
1084	+	* Callback from ForkJoinWorkerThread constructor to assign a
1085	+	* public name
1086	+	*/
1087	+	final String nextWorkerName() {
1088	+	for (int n;;) {
1089	+	if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, nextWorkerNumberOffset,
1090	+	n = nextWorkerNumber, ++n))
1091	+	return workerNamePrefix + n;
1092	+	}
1093	+	}
1094	+
1095	+	/**
1096	+	* Callback from ForkJoinWorkerThread constructor to
1097	+	* determine its poolIndex and record in workers array.
1098	+	*
1099	+	* @param w the worker
1100	+	* @return the worker's pool index
1101	+	*/
1102	+	final int registerWorker(ForkJoinWorkerThread w) {
1103	+	/*
1104	+	* In the typical case, a new worker acquires the lock, uses
1105	+	* next available index and returns quickly.  Since we should
1106	+	* not block callers (ultimately from signalWork or
1107	+	* tryPreBlock) waiting for the lock needed to do this, we
1108	+	* instead help release other workers while waiting for the
1109	+	* lock.
1110	+	*/
1111	+	for (int g;;) {
1112	+	ForkJoinWorkerThread[] ws;
1113	+	if (((g = scanGuard) & SG_UNIT) == 0 &&
1114	+	UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, scanGuardOffset,
1115	+	g, g | SG_UNIT)) {
1116	+	int k = nextWorkerIndex;
1117	+	try {
1118	+	if ((ws = workers) != null) { // ignore on shutdown
1119	+	int n = ws.length;
1120	+	if (k < 0 || k >= n || ws[k] != null) {
1121	+	for (k = 0; k < n && ws[k] != null; ++k)
1122	+	;
1123	+	if (k == n)
1124	+	ws = workers = Arrays.copyOf(ws, n << 1);
1125	+	}
1126	+	ws[k] = w;
1127	+	nextWorkerIndex = k + 1;
1128	+	int m = g & SMASK;
1129	+	g = k >= m? ((m << 1) + 1) & SMASK : g + (SG_UNIT<<1);
1130	+	}
1131	+	} finally {
1132	+	scanGuard = g;
1133	+	}
1134	+	return k;
1135	+	}
1136	+	else if ((ws = workers) != null) { // help release others
1137	+	for (ForkJoinWorkerThread u : ws) {
1138	+	if (u != null && u.queueBase != u.queueTop) {
1139	+	if (tryReleaseWaiter())
1140	+	break;
1141	+	}
1142	+	}
1143	+	}
1144	+	}
1145	+	}
1146	+
1147	+	/**
1148	+	* Final callback from terminating worker.  Removes record of
1149	+	* worker from array, and adjusts counts. If pool is shutting
1150	+	* down, tries to complete termination.
1151	+	*
1152	+	* @param w the worker
1153	+	*/
1154	+	final void deregisterWorker(ForkJoinWorkerThread w, Throwable ex) {
1155	+	int idx = w.poolIndex;
1156	+	int sc = w.stealCount;
1157	+	int steps = 0;
1158	+	// Remove from array, adjust worker counts and collect steal count.
1159	+	// We can intermix failed removes or adjusts with steal updates
1160	+	do {
1161	+	long s, c;
1162	+	int g;
1163	+	if (steps == 0 && ((g = scanGuard) & SG_UNIT) == 0 &&
1164	+	UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, scanGuardOffset,
1165	+	g, g |= SG_UNIT)) {
1166	+	ForkJoinWorkerThread[] ws = workers;
1167	+	if (ws != null && idx >= 0 &&
1168	+	idx < ws.length && ws[idx] == w)
1169	+	ws[idx] = null;    // verify
1170	+	nextWorkerIndex = idx;
1171	+	scanGuard = g + SG_UNIT;
1172	+	steps = 1;
1173	+	}
1174	+	if (steps == 1 &&
1175	+	UNSAFE.compareAndSwapLong(this, ctlOffset, c = ctl,
1176	+	(((c - AC_UNIT) & AC_MASK) |
1177	+	((c - TC_UNIT) & TC_MASK) |
1178	+	(c & ~(AC_MASK|TC_MASK)))))
1179	+	steps = 2;
1180	+	if (sc != 0 &&
1181	+	UNSAFE.compareAndSwapLong(this, stealCountOffset,
1182	+	s = stealCount, s + sc))
1183	+	sc = 0;
1184	+	} while (steps != 2 || sc != 0);
1185	+	if (!tryTerminate(false)) {
1186	+	if (ex != null)   // possibly replace if died abnormally
1187	+	signalWork();
1188	+	else
1189	+	tryReleaseWaiter();
1190	+	}
1191	+	}
1192	+
1193	+	// Shutdown and termination
1194	+
1195		/**
1196		* Possibly initiates and/or completes termination.
1197		*
#	Line 1132 | Line 1200 | public class ForkJoinPool extends Abstra
1200		* @return true if now terminating or terminated
1201		*/
1202		private boolean tryTerminate(boolean now) {
1203	<	if (now)
1204	<	advanceRunLevel(SHUTDOWN); // ensure at least SHUTDOWN
1205	<	else if (runState < SHUTDOWN ||
1206	<	!submissionQueue.isEmpty() ||
1207	<	(runState & ACTIVE_COUNT_MASK) != 0)
1208	<	return false;
1209	<
1210	<	if (advanceRunLevel(TERMINATING))
1211	<	startTerminating();
1212	<
1213	<	// Finish now if all threads terminated; else in some subsequent call
1214	<	if ((workerCounts >>> TOTAL_COUNT_SHIFT) == 0) {
1215	<	advanceRunLevel(TERMINATED);
1216	<	termination.forceTermination();
1203	>	long c;
1204	>	while (((c = ctl) & STOP_BIT) == 0) {
1205	>	if (!now) {
1206	>	if ((int)(c >> AC_SHIFT) != -parallelism)
1207	>	return false;
1208	>	if (!shutdown || blockedCount != 0 || quiescerCount != 0 ||
1209	>	queueTop - queueBase > 0) {
1210	>	if (ctl == c) // staleness check
1211	>	return false;
1212	>	continue;
1213	>	}
1214	>	}
1215	>	if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapLong(this, ctlOffset, c, c | STOP_BIT))
1216	>	startTerminating();
1217	>	}
1218	>	if ((short)(c >>> TC_SHIFT) == -parallelism) {
1219	>	submissionLock.lock();
1220	>	termination.signalAll();
1221	>	submissionLock.unlock();
1222		}
1223		return true;
1224		}
1225
1226		/**
1227	<	* Actions on transition to TERMINATING
1228	<	*
1229	<	* Runs up to four passes through workers: (0) shutting down each
1230	<	* (without waking up if parked) to quickly spread notifications
1231	<	* without unnecessary bouncing around event queues etc (1) wake
1232	<	* up and help cancel tasks (2) interrupt (3) mop up races with
1160	<	* interrupted workers
1227	>	* Runs up to three passes through workers: (0) Setting
1228	>	* termination status for each worker, followed by wakeups up
1229	>	* queued workers (1) helping cancel tasks (2) interrupting
1230	>	* lagging threads (likely in external tasks, but possibly also
1231	>	* blocked in joins).  Each pass repeats previous steps because of
1232	>	* potential lagging thread creation.
1233		*/
1234		private void startTerminating() {
1235		cancelSubmissions();
1236	<	for (int passes = 0; passes < 4 && workerCounts != 0; ++passes) {
1237	<	int c; // advance event count
1238	<	UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, eventCountOffset,
1239	<	c = eventCount, c+1);
1240	<	eventWaiters = 0L; // clobber lists
1241	<	spareWaiters = 0;
1242	<	for (ForkJoinWorkerThread w : workers) {
1243	<	if (w != null) {
1244	<	w.shutdown();
1245	<	if (passes > 0 && !w.isTerminated()) {
1246	<	w.cancelTasks();
1247	<	LockSupport.unpark(w);
1248	<	if (passes > 1 && !w.isInterrupted()) {
1177	<	try {
1178	<	w.interrupt();
1179	<	} catch (SecurityException ignore) {
1236	>	for (int pass = 0; pass < 3; ++pass) {
1237	>	ForkJoinWorkerThread[] ws = workers;
1238	>	if (ws != null) {
1239	>	for (ForkJoinWorkerThread w : ws) {
1240	>	if (w != null) {
1241	>	w.terminate = true;
1242	>	if (pass > 0) {
1243	>	w.cancelTasks();
1244	>	if (pass > 1 && !w.isInterrupted()) {
1245	>	try {
1246	>	w.interrupt();
1247	>	} catch (SecurityException ignore) {
1248	>	}
1249		}
1250		}
1251		}
1252		}
1253	+	terminateWaiters();
1254		}
1255		}
1256		}
1257
1258		/**
1259	<	* Clears out and cancels submissions, ignoring exceptions.
1259	>	* Polls and cancels all submissions. Called only during termination.
1260		*/
1261		private void cancelSubmissions() {
1262	<	ForkJoinTask<?> task;
1263	<	while ((task = submissionQueue.poll()) != null) {
1264	<	try {
1265	<	task.cancel(false);
1266	<	} catch (Throwable ignore) {
1262	>	while (queueBase != queueTop) {
1263	>	ForkJoinTask<?> task = pollSubmission();
1264	>	if (task != null) {
1265	>	try {
1266	>	task.cancel(false);
1267	>	} catch (Throwable ignore) {
1268	>	}
1269		}
1270		}
1271		}
1272
1273	<	// misc support for ForkJoinWorkerThread
1273	>	/**
1274	>	* Tries to set the termination status of waiting workers, and
1275	>	* then wake them up (after which they will terminate).
1276	>	*/
1277	>	private void terminateWaiters() {
1278	>	ForkJoinWorkerThread[] ws = workers;
1279	>	if (ws != null) {
1280	>	ForkJoinWorkerThread w; long c; int i, e;
1281	>	int n = ws.length;
1282	>	while ((i = ~(e = (int)(c = ctl)) & SMASK) < n &&
1283	>	(w = ws[i]) != null && w.eventCount == (e & E_MASK)) {
1284	>	if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapLong(this, ctlOffset, c,
1285	>	(long)(w.nextWait & E_MASK) |
1286	>	((c + AC_UNIT) & AC_MASK) |
1287	>	(c & (TC_MASK|STOP_BIT)))) {
1288	>	w.terminate = true;
1289	>	w.eventCount = e + EC_UNIT;
1290	>	if (w.parked)
1291	>	UNSAFE.unpark(w);
1292	>	}
1293	>	}
1294	>	}
1295	>	}
1296	>
1297	>	// misc ForkJoinWorkerThread support
1298
1299		/**
1300	<	* Returns pool number.
1300	>	* Increment or decrement quiescerCount. Needed only to prevent
1301	>	* triggering shutdown if a worker is transiently inactive while
1302	>	* checking quiescence.
1303	>	*
1304	>	* @param delta 1 for increment, -1 for decrement
1305		*/
1306	<	final int getPoolNumber() {
1307	<	return poolNumber;
1306	>	final void addQuiescerCount(int delta) {
1307	>	int c;
1308	>	do {} while(!UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, quiescerCountOffset,
1309	>	c = quiescerCount, c + delta));
1310		}
1311
1312		/**
1313	<	* Tries to accumulate steal count from a worker, clearing
1314	<	* the worker's value if successful.
1313	>	* Directly increment or decrement active count without
1314	>	* queuing. This method is used to transiently assert inactivation
1315	>	* while checking quiescence.
1316		*
1317	<	* @return true if worker steal count now zero
1317	>	* @param delta 1 for increment, -1 for decrement
1318		*/
1319	<	final boolean tryAccumulateStealCount(ForkJoinWorkerThread w) {
1320	<	int sc = w.stealCount;
1321	<	long c = stealCount;
1322	<	// CAS even if zero, for fence effects
1323	<	if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapLong(this, stealCountOffset, c, c + sc)) {
1324	<	if (sc != 0)
1222	<	w.stealCount = 0;
1223	<	return true;
1224	<	}
1225	<	return sc == 0;
1319	>	final void addActiveCount(int delta) {
1320	>	long d = delta < 0 ? -AC_UNIT : AC_UNIT;
1321	>	long c;
1322	>	do {} while (!UNSAFE.compareAndSwapLong(this, ctlOffset, c = ctl,
1323	>	((c + d) & AC_MASK) |
1324	>	(c & ~AC_MASK)));
1325		}
1326
1327		/**
#	Line 1230 | Line 1329 | public class ForkJoinPool extends Abstra
1329		* active thread.
1330		*/
1331		final int idlePerActive() {
1332	<	int pc = parallelism; // use parallelism, not rc
1333	<	int ac = runState;    // no mask -- artificially boosts during shutdown
1334	<	// Use exact results for small values, saturate past 4
1335	<	return ((pc <= ac) ? 0 :
1336	<	(pc >>> 1 <= ac) ? 1 :
1337	<	(pc >>> 2 <= ac) ? 3 :
1338	<	pc >>> 3);
1332	>	// Approximate at powers of two for small values, saturate past 4
1333	>	int p = parallelism;
1334	>	int a = p + (int)(ctl >> AC_SHIFT);
1335	>	return (a > (p >>>= 1) ? 0 :
1336	>	a > (p >>>= 1) ? 1 :
1337	>	a > (p >>>= 1) ? 2 :
1338	>	a > (p >>>= 1) ? 4 :
1339	>	8);
1340		}
1341
1342	<	// Public and protected methods
1342	>	// Exported methods
1343
1344		// Constructors
1345
#	Line 1308 | Line 1408 | public class ForkJoinPool extends Abstra
1408		checkPermission();
1409		if (factory == null)
1410		throw new NullPointerException();
1411	<	if (parallelism <= 0 || parallelism > MAX_WORKERS)
1411	>	if (parallelism <= 0 || parallelism > MAX_ID)
1412		throw new IllegalArgumentException();
1413		this.parallelism = parallelism;
1414		this.factory = factory;
1415		this.ueh = handler;
1416		this.locallyFifo = asyncMode;
1417	<	int arraySize = initialArraySizeFor(parallelism);
1418	<	this.workers = new ForkJoinWorkerThread[arraySize];
1419	<	this.submissionQueue = new LinkedTransferQueue<ForkJoinTask<?>>();
1420	<	this.workerLock = new ReentrantLock();
1421	<	this.termination = new Phaser(1);
1422	<	this.poolNumber = poolNumberGenerator.incrementAndGet();
1423	<	}
1424	<
1425	<	/**
1426	<	* Returns initial power of two size for workers array.
1427	<	* @param pc the initial parallelism level
1428	<	*/
1429	<	private static int initialArraySizeFor(int pc) {
1430	<	// If possible, initially allocate enough space for one spare
1431	<	int size = pc < MAX_WORKERS ? pc + 1 : MAX_WORKERS;
1432	<	// See Hackers Delight, sec 3.2. We know MAX_WORKERS < (1 >>> 16)
1433	<	size |= size >>> 1;
1334	<	size |= size >>> 2;
1335	<	size |= size >>> 4;
1336	<	size |= size >>> 8;
1337	<	return size + 1;
1417	>	long np = (long)(-parallelism); // offset ctl counts
1418	>	this.ctl = ((np << AC_SHIFT) & AC_MASK) | ((np << TC_SHIFT) & TC_MASK);
1419	>	this.submissionQueue = new ForkJoinTask<?>[INITIAL_QUEUE_CAPACITY];
1420	>	// initialize workers array with room for 2*parallelism if possible
1421	>	int n = parallelism << 1;
1422	>	if (n >= MAX_ID)
1423	>	n = MAX_ID;
1424	>	else { // See Hackers Delight, sec 3.2, where n < (1 << 16)
1425	>	n |= n >>> 1; n |= n >>> 2; n |= n >>> 4; n |= n >>> 8;
1426	>	}
1427	>	workers = new ForkJoinWorkerThread[n + 1];
1428	>	this.submissionLock = new ReentrantLock();
1429	>	this.termination = submissionLock.newCondition();
1430	>	StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("ForkJoinPool-");
1431	>	sb.append(poolNumberGenerator.incrementAndGet());
1432	>	sb.append("-worker-");
1433	>	this.workerNamePrefix = sb.toString();
1434		}
1435
1436		// Execution methods
1437
1438		/**
1343	–	* Submits task and creates, starts, or resumes some workers if necessary
1344	–	*/
1345	–	private <T> void doSubmit(ForkJoinTask<T> task) {
1346	–	submissionQueue.offer(task);
1347	–	int c; // try to increment event count -- CAS failure OK
1348	–	UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, eventCountOffset, c = eventCount, c+1);
1349	–	helpMaintainParallelism();
1350	–	}
1351	–
1352	–	/**
1439		* Performs the given task, returning its result upon completion.
1440	+	* If the computation encounters an unchecked Exception or Error,
1441	+	* it is rethrown as the outcome of this invocation.  Rethrown
1442	+	* exceptions behave in the same way as regular exceptions, but,
1443	+	* when possible, contain stack traces (as displayed for example
1444	+	* using {@code ex.printStackTrace()}) of both the current thread
1445	+	* as well as the thread actually encountering the exception;
1446	+	* minimally only the latter.
1447		*
1448		* @param task the task
1449		* @return the task's result
#	Line 1359 | Line 1452 | public class ForkJoinPool extends Abstra
1452		*         scheduled for execution
1453		*/
1454		public <T> T invoke(ForkJoinTask<T> task) {
1455	+	Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
1456		if (task == null)
1457		throw new NullPointerException();
1458	<	if (runState >= SHUTDOWN)
1458	>	if (shutdown)
1459		throw new RejectedExecutionException();
1366	–	Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
1460		if ((t instanceof ForkJoinWorkerThread) &&
1461		((ForkJoinWorkerThread)t).pool == this)
1462		return task.invoke();  // bypass submit if in same pool
1463		else {
1464	<	doSubmit(task);
1464	>	addSubmission(task);
1465		return task.join();
1466		}
1467		}
#	Line 1378 | Line 1471 | public class ForkJoinPool extends Abstra
1471		* computation in the current pool, else submits as external task.
1472		*/
1473		private <T> void forkOrSubmit(ForkJoinTask<T> task) {
1474	<	if (runState >= SHUTDOWN)
1382	<	throw new RejectedExecutionException();
1474	>	ForkJoinWorkerThread w;
1475		Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
1476	+	if (shutdown)
1477	+	throw new RejectedExecutionException();
1478		if ((t instanceof ForkJoinWorkerThread) &&
1479	<	((ForkJoinWorkerThread)t).pool == this)
1480	<	task.fork();
1479	>	(w = (ForkJoinWorkerThread)t).pool == this)
1480	>	w.pushTask(task);
1481		else
1482	<	doSubmit(task);
1482	>	addSubmission(task);
1483		}
1484
1485		/**
#	Line 1542 | Line 1636 | public class ForkJoinPool extends Abstra
1636		* @return the number of worker threads
1637		*/
1638		public int getPoolSize() {
1639	<	return workerCounts >>> TOTAL_COUNT_SHIFT;
1639	>	return parallelism + (short)(ctl >>> TC_SHIFT);
1640		}
1641
1642		/**
#	Line 1564 | Line 1658 | public class ForkJoinPool extends Abstra
1658		* @return the number of worker threads
1659		*/
1660		public int getRunningThreadCount() {
1661	<	return workerCounts & RUNNING_COUNT_MASK;
1661	>	int r = parallelism + (int)(ctl >> AC_SHIFT);
1662	>	return r <= 0? 0 : r; // suppress momentarily negative values
1663		}
1664
1665		/**
#	Line 1575 | Line 1670 | public class ForkJoinPool extends Abstra
1670		* @return the number of active threads
1671		*/
1672		public int getActiveThreadCount() {
1673	<	return runState & ACTIVE_COUNT_MASK;
1673	>	int r = parallelism + (int)(ctl >> AC_SHIFT) + blockedCount;
1674	>	return r <= 0? 0 : r; // suppress momentarily negative values
1675		}
1676
1677		/**
#	Line 1590 | Line 1686 | public class ForkJoinPool extends Abstra
1686		* @return {@code true} if all threads are currently idle
1687		*/
1688		public boolean isQuiescent() {
1689	<	return (runState & ACTIVE_COUNT_MASK) == 0;
1689	>	return parallelism + (int)(ctl >> AC_SHIFT) + blockedCount == 0;
1690		}
1691
1692		/**
#	Line 1620 | Line 1716 | public class ForkJoinPool extends Abstra
1716		*/
1717		public long getQueuedTaskCount() {
1718		long count = 0;
1719	<	for (ForkJoinWorkerThread w : workers)
1720	<	if (w != null)
1721	<	count += w.getQueueSize();
1719	>	ForkJoinWorkerThread[] ws;
1720	>	if ((short)(ctl >>> TC_SHIFT) > -parallelism &&
1721	>	(ws = workers) != null) {
1722	>	for (ForkJoinWorkerThread w : ws)
1723	>	if (w != null)
1724	>	count -= w.queueBase - w.queueTop; // must read base first
1725	>	}
1726		return count;
1727		}
1728
1729		/**
1730		* Returns an estimate of the number of tasks submitted to this
1731	<	* pool that have not yet begun executing.  This method takes time
1732	<	* proportional to the number of submissions.
1731	>	* pool that have not yet begun executing.  This meThod may take
1732	>	* time proportional to the number of submissions.
1733		*
1734		* @return the number of queued submissions
1735		*/
1736		public int getQueuedSubmissionCount() {
1737	<	return submissionQueue.size();
1737	>	return -queueBase + queueTop;
1738		}
1739
1740		/**
#	Line 1644 | Line 1744 | public class ForkJoinPool extends Abstra
1744		* @return {@code true} if there are any queued submissions
1745		*/
1746		public boolean hasQueuedSubmissions() {
1747	<	return !submissionQueue.isEmpty();
1747	>	return queueBase != queueTop;
1748		}
1749
1750		/**
#	Line 1655 | Line 1755 | public class ForkJoinPool extends Abstra
1755		* @return the next submission, or {@code null} if none
1756		*/
1757		protected ForkJoinTask<?> pollSubmission() {
1758	<	return submissionQueue.poll();
1758	>	ForkJoinTask<?> t; ForkJoinTask<?>[] q; int b, i;
1759	>	while ((b = queueBase) != queueTop &&
1760	>	(q = submissionQueue) != null &&
1761	>	(i = (q.length - 1) & b) >= 0) {
1762	>	long u = (i << ASHIFT) + ABASE;
1763	>	if ((t = q[i]) != null &&
1764	>	queueBase == b &&
1765	>	UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(q, u, t, null)) {
1766	>	queueBase = b + 1;
1767	>	return t;
1768	>	}
1769	>	}
1770	>	return null;
1771		}
1772
1773		/**
#	Line 1676 | Line 1788 | public class ForkJoinPool extends Abstra
1788		* @return the number of elements transferred
1789		*/
1790		protected int drainTasksTo(Collection<? super ForkJoinTask<?>> c) {
1791	<	int count = submissionQueue.drainTo(c);
1792	<	for (ForkJoinWorkerThread w : workers)
1793	<	if (w != null)
1794	<	count += w.drainTasksTo(c);
1791	>	int count = 0;
1792	>	while (queueBase != queueTop) {
1793	>	ForkJoinTask<?> t = pollSubmission();
1794	>	if (t != null) {
1795	>	c.add(t);
1796	>	++count;
1797	>	}
1798	>	}
1799	>	ForkJoinWorkerThread[] ws;
1800	>	if ((short)(ctl >>> TC_SHIFT) > -parallelism &&
1801	>	(ws = workers) != null) {
1802	>	for (ForkJoinWorkerThread w : ws)
1803	>	if (w != null)
1804	>	count += w.drainTasksTo(c);
1805	>	}
1806		return count;
1807		}
1808
#	Line 1694 | Line 1817 | public class ForkJoinPool extends Abstra
1817		long st = getStealCount();
1818		long qt = getQueuedTaskCount();
1819		long qs = getQueuedSubmissionCount();
1697	–	int wc = workerCounts;
1698	–	int tc = wc >>> TOTAL_COUNT_SHIFT;
1699	–	int rc = wc & RUNNING_COUNT_MASK;
1820		int pc = parallelism;
1821	<	int rs = runState;
1822	<	int ac = rs & ACTIVE_COUNT_MASK;
1821	>	long c = ctl;
1822	>	int tc = pc + (short)(c >>> TC_SHIFT);
1823	>	int rc = pc + (int)(c >> AC_SHIFT);
1824	>	if (rc < 0) // ignore transient negative
1825	>	rc = 0;
1826	>	int ac = rc + blockedCount;
1827	>	String level;
1828	>	if ((c & STOP_BIT) != 0)
1829	>	level = (tc == 0)? "Terminated" : "Terminating";
1830	>	else
1831	>	level = shutdown? "Shutting down" : "Running";
1832		return super.toString() +
1833	<	"[" + runLevelToString(rs) +
1833	>	"[" + level +
1834		", parallelism = " + pc +
1835		", size = " + tc +
1836		", active = " + ac +
#	Line 1712 | Line 1841 | public class ForkJoinPool extends Abstra
1841		"]";
1842		}
1843
1715	–	private static String runLevelToString(int s) {
1716	–	return ((s & TERMINATED) != 0 ? "Terminated" :
1717	–	((s & TERMINATING) != 0 ? "Terminating" :
1718	–	((s & SHUTDOWN) != 0 ? "Shutting down" :
1719	–	"Running")));
1720	–	}
1721	–
1844		/**
1845		* Initiates an orderly shutdown in which previously submitted
1846		* tasks are executed, but no new tasks will be accepted.
#	Line 1733 | Line 1855 | public class ForkJoinPool extends Abstra
1855		*/
1856		public void shutdown() {
1857		checkPermission();
1858	<	advanceRunLevel(SHUTDOWN);
1858	>	shutdown = true;
1859		tryTerminate(false);
1860		}
1861
#	Line 1755 | Line 1877 | public class ForkJoinPool extends Abstra
1877		*/
1878		public List<Runnable> shutdownNow() {
1879		checkPermission();
1880	+	shutdown = true;
1881		tryTerminate(true);
1882		return Collections.emptyList();
1883		}
#	Line 1765 | Line 1888 | public class ForkJoinPool extends Abstra
1888		* @return {@code true} if all tasks have completed following shut down
1889		*/
1890		public boolean isTerminated() {
1891	<	return runState >= TERMINATED;
1891	>	long c = ctl;
1892	>	return ((c & STOP_BIT) != 0L &&
1893	>	(short)(c >>> TC_SHIFT) == -parallelism);
1894		}
1895
1896		/**
#	Line 1782 | Line 1907 | public class ForkJoinPool extends Abstra
1907		* @return {@code true} if terminating but not yet terminated
1908		*/
1909		public boolean isTerminating() {
1910	<	return (runState & (TERMINATING|TERMINATED)) == TERMINATING;
1910	>	long c = ctl;
1911	>	return ((c & STOP_BIT) != 0L &&
1912	>	(short)(c >>> TC_SHIFT) != -parallelism);
1913		}
1914
1915		/**
1916		* Returns true if terminating or terminated. Used by ForkJoinWorkerThread.
1917		*/
1918		final boolean isAtLeastTerminating() {
1919	<	return runState >= TERMINATING;
1919	>	return (ctl & STOP_BIT) != 0L;
1920		}
1921
1922		/**
#	Line 1798 | Line 1925 | public class ForkJoinPool extends Abstra
1925		* @return {@code true} if this pool has been shut down
1926		*/
1927		public boolean isShutdown() {
1928	<	return runState >= SHUTDOWN;
1928	>	return shutdown;
1929		}
1930
1931		/**
#	Line 1814 | Line 1941 | public class ForkJoinPool extends Abstra
1941		*/
1942		public boolean awaitTermination(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
1943		throws InterruptedException {
1944	+	long nanos = unit.toNanos(timeout);
1945	+	final ReentrantLock lock = this.submissionLock;
1946	+	lock.lock();
1947		try {
1948	<	termination.awaitAdvanceInterruptibly(0, timeout, unit);
1949	<	} catch (TimeoutException ex) {
1950	<	return false;
1948	>	for (;;) {
1949	>	if (isTerminated())
1950	>	return true;
1951	>	if (nanos <= 0)
1952	>	return false;
1953	>	nanos = termination.awaitNanos(nanos);
1954	>	}
1955	>	} finally {
1956	>	lock.unlock();
1957		}
1822	–	return true;
1958		}
1959
1960		/**
#	Line 1938 | Line 2073 | public class ForkJoinPool extends Abstra
2073		}
2074
2075		// Unsafe mechanics
2076	<
2077	<	private static final sun.misc.Unsafe UNSAFE = getUnsafe();
2078	<	private static final long workerCountsOffset =
2079	<	objectFieldOffset("workerCounts", ForkJoinPool.class);
2080	<	private static final long runStateOffset =
2081	<	objectFieldOffset("runState", ForkJoinPool.class);
2082	<	private static final long eventCountOffset =
2083	<	objectFieldOffset("eventCount", ForkJoinPool.class);
2084	<	private static final long eventWaitersOffset =
2085	<	objectFieldOffset("eventWaiters", ForkJoinPool.class);
2086	<	private static final long stealCountOffset =
2087	<	objectFieldOffset("stealCount", ForkJoinPool.class);
2088	<	private static final long spareWaitersOffset =
2089	<	objectFieldOffset("spareWaiters", ForkJoinPool.class);
2090	<
2091	<	private static long objectFieldOffset(String field, Class<?> klazz) {
2076	>	private static final sun.misc.Unsafe UNSAFE;
2077	>	private static final long ctlOffset;
2078	>	private static final long stealCountOffset;
2079	>	private static final long blockedCountOffset;
2080	>	private static final long quiescerCountOffset;
2081	>	private static final long scanGuardOffset;
2082	>	private static final long nextWorkerNumberOffset;
2083	>	private static final long ABASE;
2084	>	private static final int ASHIFT;
2085	>
2086	>	static {
2087	>	poolNumberGenerator = new AtomicInteger();
2088	>	workerSeedGenerator = new Random();
2089	>	modifyThreadPermission = new RuntimePermission("modifyThread");
2090	>	defaultForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory =
2091	>	new DefaultForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory();
2092	>	int s;
2093		try {
2094	<	return UNSAFE.objectFieldOffset(klazz.getDeclaredField(field));
2095	<	} catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
2096	<	// Convert Exception to corresponding Error
2097	<	NoSuchFieldError error = new NoSuchFieldError(field);
2098	<	error.initCause(e);
2099	<	throw error;
2100	<	}
2094	>	UNSAFE = getUnsafe();
2095	>	Class k = ForkJoinPool.class;
2096	>	ctlOffset = UNSAFE.objectFieldOffset
2097	>	(k.getDeclaredField("ctl"));
2098	>	stealCountOffset = UNSAFE.objectFieldOffset
2099	>	(k.getDeclaredField("stealCount"));
2100	>	blockedCountOffset = UNSAFE.objectFieldOffset
2101	>	(k.getDeclaredField("blockedCount"));
2102	>	quiescerCountOffset = UNSAFE.objectFieldOffset
2103	>	(k.getDeclaredField("quiescerCount"));
2104	>	scanGuardOffset = UNSAFE.objectFieldOffset
2105	>	(k.getDeclaredField("scanGuard"));
2106	>	nextWorkerNumberOffset = UNSAFE.objectFieldOffset
2107	>	(k.getDeclaredField("nextWorkerNumber"));
2108	>	Class a = ForkJoinTask[].class;
2109	>	ABASE = UNSAFE.arrayBaseOffset(a);
2110	>	s = UNSAFE.arrayIndexScale(a);
2111	>	} catch (Exception e) {
2112	>	throw new Error(e);
2113	>	}
2114	>	if ((s & (s-1)) != 0)
2115	>	throw new Error("data type scale not a power of two");
2116	>	ASHIFT = 31 - Integer.numberOfLeadingZeros(s);
2117		}
2118
2119		/**

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