12 |
|
import java.util.Collection; |
13 |
|
import java.util.Collections; |
14 |
|
import java.util.List; |
15 |
+ |
import java.util.RandomAccess; |
16 |
|
import java.util.Map; |
17 |
|
import java.util.WeakHashMap; |
18 |
|
|
55 |
|
* restriction is in part enforced by not permitting checked |
56 |
|
* exceptions such as {@code IOExceptions} to be thrown. However, |
57 |
|
* computations may still encounter unchecked exceptions, that are |
58 |
< |
* rethrown to callers attempting join them. These exceptions may |
59 |
< |
* additionally include RejectedExecutionExceptions stemming from |
60 |
< |
* internal resource exhaustion such as failure to allocate internal |
61 |
< |
* task queues. |
58 |
> |
* rethrown to callers attempting to join them. These exceptions may |
59 |
> |
* additionally include {@link RejectedExecutionException} stemming |
60 |
> |
* from internal resource exhaustion, such as failure to allocate |
61 |
> |
* internal task queues. |
62 |
|
* |
63 |
|
* <p>The primary method for awaiting completion and extracting |
64 |
|
* results of a task is {@link #join}, but there are several variants: |
68 |
|
* execute other tasks while awaiting joins, which is sometimes more |
69 |
|
* efficient but only applies when all subtasks are known to be |
70 |
|
* strictly tree-structured. Method {@link #invoke} is semantically |
71 |
< |
* equivalent to {@code fork(); join()} but always attempts to |
72 |
< |
* begin execution in the current thread. The "<em>quiet</em>" forms |
73 |
< |
* of these methods do not extract results or report exceptions. These |
71 |
> |
* equivalent to {@code fork(); join()} but always attempts to begin |
72 |
> |
* execution in the current thread. The "<em>quiet</em>" forms of |
73 |
> |
* these methods do not extract results or report exceptions. These |
74 |
|
* may be useful when a set of tasks are being executed, and you need |
75 |
|
* to delay processing of results or exceptions until all complete. |
76 |
|
* Method {@code invokeAll} (available in multiple versions) |
77 |
|
* performs the most common form of parallel invocation: forking a set |
78 |
|
* of tasks and joining them all. |
79 |
|
* |
80 |
+ |
* <p>The execution status of tasks may be queried at several levels |
81 |
+ |
* of detail: {@link #isDone} is true if a task completed in any way |
82 |
+ |
* (including the case where a task was cancelled without executing); |
83 |
+ |
* {@link #isCompletedNormally} is true if a task completed without |
84 |
+ |
* cancellation or encountering an exception; {@link #isCancelled} is |
85 |
+ |
* true if the task was cancelled (in which case {@link #getException} |
86 |
+ |
* returns a {@link java.util.concurrent.CancellationException}); and |
87 |
+ |
* {@link #isCompletedAbnormally} is true if a task was either |
88 |
+ |
* cancelled or encountered an exception, in which case {@link |
89 |
+ |
* #getException} will return either the encountered exception or |
90 |
+ |
* {@link java.util.concurrent.CancellationException}. |
91 |
+ |
* |
92 |
|
* <p>The ForkJoinTask class is not usually directly subclassed. |
93 |
|
* Instead, you subclass one of the abstract classes that support a |
94 |
|
* particular style of fork/join processing, typically {@link |
98 |
|
* established in a constructor, and then defines a {@code compute} |
99 |
|
* method that somehow uses the control methods supplied by this base |
100 |
|
* class. While these methods have {@code public} access (to allow |
101 |
< |
* instances of different task subclasses to call each others |
101 |
> |
* instances of different task subclasses to call each other's |
102 |
|
* methods), some of them may only be called from within other |
103 |
|
* ForkJoinTasks (as may be determined using method {@link |
104 |
|
* #inForkJoinPool}). Attempts to invoke them in other contexts |
105 |
|
* result in exceptions or errors, possibly including |
106 |
|
* ClassCastException. |
107 |
|
* |
108 |
< |
* <p>Most base support methods are {@code final} because their |
109 |
< |
* implementations are intrinsically tied to the underlying |
110 |
< |
* lightweight task scheduling framework, and so cannot be overridden. |
111 |
< |
* Developers creating new basic styles of fork/join processing should |
112 |
< |
* minimally implement {@code protected} methods |
113 |
< |
* {@link #exec}, {@link #setRawResult}, and |
114 |
< |
* {@link #getRawResult}, while also introducing an abstract |
115 |
< |
* computational method that can be implemented in its subclasses, |
116 |
< |
* possibly relying on other {@code protected} methods provided |
104 |
< |
* by this class. |
108 |
> |
* <p>Most base support methods are {@code final}, to prevent |
109 |
> |
* overriding of implementations that are intrinsically tied to the |
110 |
> |
* underlying lightweight task scheduling framework. Developers |
111 |
> |
* creating new basic styles of fork/join processing should minimally |
112 |
> |
* implement {@code protected} methods {@link #exec}, {@link |
113 |
> |
* #setRawResult}, and {@link #getRawResult}, while also introducing |
114 |
> |
* an abstract computational method that can be implemented in its |
115 |
> |
* subclasses, possibly relying on other {@code protected} methods |
116 |
> |
* provided by this class. |
117 |
|
* |
118 |
|
* <p>ForkJoinTasks should perform relatively small amounts of |
119 |
< |
* computations, otherwise splitting into smaller tasks. As a very |
120 |
< |
* rough rule of thumb, a task should perform more than 100 and less |
121 |
< |
* than 10000 basic computational steps. If tasks are too big, then |
122 |
< |
* parallelism cannot improve throughput. If too small, then memory |
123 |
< |
* and internal task maintenance overhead may overwhelm processing. |
119 |
> |
* computation. Large tasks should be split into smaller subtasks, |
120 |
> |
* usually via recursive decomposition. As a very rough rule of thumb, |
121 |
> |
* a task should perform more than 100 and less than 10000 basic |
122 |
> |
* computational steps. If tasks are too big, then parallelism cannot |
123 |
> |
* improve throughput. If too small, then memory and internal task |
124 |
> |
* maintenance overhead may overwhelm processing. |
125 |
|
* |
126 |
< |
* <p>This class provides {@code adapt} methods for {@link |
127 |
< |
* java.lang.Runnable} and {@link java.util.concurrent.Callable}, that |
128 |
< |
* may be of use when mixing execution of ForkJoinTasks with other |
129 |
< |
* kinds of tasks. When all tasks are of this form, consider using a |
130 |
< |
* pool in {@link ForkJoinPool#setAsyncMode}. |
126 |
> |
* <p>This class provides {@code adapt} methods for {@link Runnable} |
127 |
> |
* and {@link Callable}, that may be of use when mixing execution of |
128 |
> |
* {@code ForkJoinTasks} with other kinds of tasks. When all tasks |
129 |
> |
* are of this form, consider using a pool in |
130 |
> |
* {@linkplain ForkJoinPool#setAsyncMode async mode}. |
131 |
|
* |
132 |
< |
* <p>ForkJoinTasks are {@code Serializable}, which enables them |
133 |
< |
* to be used in extensions such as remote execution frameworks. It is |
134 |
< |
* in general sensible to serialize tasks only before or after, but |
135 |
< |
* not during execution. Serialization is not relied on during |
123 |
< |
* execution itself. |
132 |
> |
* <p>ForkJoinTasks are {@code Serializable}, which enables them to be |
133 |
> |
* used in extensions such as remote execution frameworks. It is |
134 |
> |
* sensible to serialize tasks only before or after, but not during, |
135 |
> |
* execution. Serialization is not relied on during execution itself. |
136 |
|
* |
137 |
|
* @since 1.7 |
138 |
|
* @author Doug Lea |
390 |
|
|
391 |
|
/** |
392 |
|
* Returns result or throws exception using j.u.c.Future conventions. |
393 |
< |
* Only call when {@code isDone} known to be true. |
393 |
> |
* Only call when {@code isDone} known to be true or thread known |
394 |
> |
* to be interrupted. |
395 |
|
*/ |
396 |
|
private V reportFutureResult() |
397 |
< |
throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException { |
397 |
> |
throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException { |
398 |
> |
if (Thread.interrupted()) |
399 |
> |
throw new InterruptedException(); |
400 |
|
int s = status & COMPLETION_MASK; |
401 |
|
if (s < NORMAL) { |
402 |
|
Throwable ex; |
404 |
|
throw new CancellationException(); |
405 |
|
if (s == EXCEPTIONAL && (ex = exceptionMap.get(this)) != null) |
406 |
|
throw new ExecutionException(ex); |
392 |
– |
if (Thread.interrupted()) |
393 |
– |
throw new InterruptedException(); |
407 |
|
} |
408 |
|
return getRawResult(); |
409 |
|
} |
414 |
|
*/ |
415 |
|
private V reportTimedFutureResult() |
416 |
|
throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException { |
417 |
+ |
if (Thread.interrupted()) |
418 |
+ |
throw new InterruptedException(); |
419 |
|
Throwable ex; |
420 |
|
int s = status & COMPLETION_MASK; |
421 |
|
if (s == NORMAL) |
422 |
|
return getRawResult(); |
423 |
< |
if (s == CANCELLED) |
423 |
> |
else if (s == CANCELLED) |
424 |
|
throw new CancellationException(); |
425 |
< |
if (s == EXCEPTIONAL && (ex = exceptionMap.get(this)) != null) |
425 |
> |
else if (s == EXCEPTIONAL && (ex = exceptionMap.get(this)) != null) |
426 |
|
throw new ExecutionException(ex); |
427 |
< |
if (Thread.interrupted()) |
428 |
< |
throw new InterruptedException(); |
414 |
< |
throw new TimeoutException(); |
427 |
> |
else |
428 |
> |
throw new TimeoutException(); |
429 |
|
} |
430 |
|
|
431 |
|
// internal execution methods |
511 |
|
* Arranges to asynchronously execute this task. While it is not |
512 |
|
* necessarily enforced, it is a usage error to fork a task more |
513 |
|
* than once unless it has completed and been reinitialized. |
514 |
+ |
* Subsequent modifications to the state of this task or any data |
515 |
+ |
* it operates on are not necessarily consistently observable by |
516 |
+ |
* any thread other than the one executing it unless preceded by a |
517 |
+ |
* call to {@link #join} or related methods, or a call to {@link |
518 |
+ |
* #isDone} returning {@code true}. |
519 |
|
* |
520 |
|
* <p>This method may be invoked only from within {@code |
521 |
|
* ForkJoinTask} computations (as may be determined using method |
532 |
|
} |
533 |
|
|
534 |
|
/** |
535 |
< |
* Returns the result of the computation when it is ready. |
535 |
> |
* Returns the result of the computation when it {@link #isDone is done}. |
536 |
|
* This method differs from {@link #get()} in that |
537 |
|
* abnormal completion results in {@code RuntimeException} or |
538 |
|
* {@code Error}, not {@code ExecutionException}. |
548 |
|
|
549 |
|
/** |
550 |
|
* Commences performing this task, awaits its completion if |
551 |
< |
* necessary, and return its result. |
551 |
> |
* necessary, and return its result, or throws an (unchecked) |
552 |
> |
* exception if the underlying computation did so. |
553 |
|
* |
534 |
– |
* @throws Throwable (a RuntimeException, Error, or unchecked |
535 |
– |
* exception) if the underlying computation did so |
554 |
|
* @return the computed result |
555 |
|
*/ |
556 |
|
public final V invoke() { |
561 |
|
} |
562 |
|
|
563 |
|
/** |
564 |
< |
* Forks the given tasks, returning when {@code isDone} holds |
565 |
< |
* for each task or an exception is encountered. |
564 |
> |
* Forks the given tasks, returning when {@code isDone} holds for |
565 |
> |
* each task or an (unchecked) exception is encountered, in which |
566 |
> |
* case the exception is rethrown. If either task encounters an |
567 |
> |
* exception, the other one may be, but is not guaranteed to be, |
568 |
> |
* cancelled. If both tasks throw an exception, then this method |
569 |
> |
* throws one of them. The individual status of each task may be |
570 |
> |
* checked using {@link #getException()} and related methods. |
571 |
|
* |
572 |
|
* <p>This method may be invoked only from within {@code |
573 |
|
* ForkJoinTask} computations (as may be determined using method |
578 |
|
* @param t1 the first task |
579 |
|
* @param t2 the second task |
580 |
|
* @throws NullPointerException if any task is null |
558 |
– |
* @throws RuntimeException or Error if a task did so |
581 |
|
*/ |
582 |
|
public static void invokeAll(ForkJoinTask<?> t1, ForkJoinTask<?> t2) { |
583 |
|
t2.fork(); |
587 |
|
|
588 |
|
/** |
589 |
|
* Forks the given tasks, returning when {@code isDone} holds for |
590 |
< |
* each task or an exception is encountered. If any task |
591 |
< |
* encounters an exception, others may be, but are not guaranteed |
592 |
< |
* to be, cancelled. |
590 |
> |
* each task or an (unchecked) exception is encountered, in which |
591 |
> |
* case the exception is rethrown. If any task encounters an |
592 |
> |
* exception, others may be, but are not guaranteed to be, |
593 |
> |
* cancelled. If more than one task encounters an exception, then |
594 |
> |
* this method throws any one of these exceptions. The individual |
595 |
> |
* status of each task may be checked using {@link #getException()} |
596 |
> |
* and related methods. |
597 |
|
* |
598 |
|
* <p>This method may be invoked only from within {@code |
599 |
|
* ForkJoinTask} computations (as may be determined using method |
601 |
|
* result in exceptions or errors, possibly including {@code |
602 |
|
* ClassCastException}. |
603 |
|
* |
578 |
– |
* <p>Overloadings of this method exist for the special cases |
579 |
– |
* of one to four arguments. |
580 |
– |
* |
604 |
|
* @param tasks the tasks |
605 |
< |
* @throws NullPointerException if tasks or any element are null |
583 |
< |
* @throws RuntimeException or Error if any task did so |
605 |
> |
* @throws NullPointerException if any task is null |
606 |
|
*/ |
607 |
|
public static void invokeAll(ForkJoinTask<?>... tasks) { |
608 |
|
Throwable ex = null; |
638 |
|
} |
639 |
|
|
640 |
|
/** |
641 |
< |
* Forks all tasks in the collection, returning when {@code |
642 |
< |
* isDone} holds for each task or an exception is encountered. |
643 |
< |
* If any task encounters an exception, others may be, but are |
644 |
< |
* not guaranteed to be, cancelled. |
641 |
> |
* Forks all tasks in the specified collection, returning when |
642 |
> |
* {@code isDone} holds for each task or an (unchecked) exception |
643 |
> |
* is encountered. If any task encounters an exception, others |
644 |
> |
* may be, but are not guaranteed to be, cancelled. If more than |
645 |
> |
* one task encounters an exception, then this method throws any |
646 |
> |
* one of these exceptions. The individual status of each task |
647 |
> |
* may be checked using {@link #getException()} and related |
648 |
> |
* methods. The behavior of this operation is undefined if the |
649 |
> |
* specified collection is modified while the operation is in |
650 |
> |
* progress. |
651 |
|
* |
652 |
|
* <p>This method may be invoked only from within {@code |
653 |
|
* ForkJoinTask} computations (as may be determined using method |
658 |
|
* @param tasks the collection of tasks |
659 |
|
* @return the tasks argument, to simplify usage |
660 |
|
* @throws NullPointerException if tasks or any element are null |
633 |
– |
* @throws RuntimeException or Error if any task did so |
661 |
|
*/ |
662 |
|
public static <T extends ForkJoinTask<?>> Collection<T> invokeAll(Collection<T> tasks) { |
663 |
< |
if (!(tasks instanceof List<?>)) { |
663 |
> |
if (!(tasks instanceof RandomAccess) || !(tasks instanceof List<?>)) { |
664 |
|
invokeAll(tasks.toArray(new ForkJoinTask<?>[tasks.size()])); |
665 |
|
return tasks; |
666 |
|
} |
701 |
|
} |
702 |
|
|
703 |
|
/** |
704 |
< |
* Returns {@code true} if the computation performed by this task |
705 |
< |
* has completed (or has been cancelled). |
706 |
< |
* |
707 |
< |
* @return {@code true} if this computation has completed |
708 |
< |
*/ |
709 |
< |
public final boolean isDone() { |
710 |
< |
return status < 0; |
684 |
< |
} |
685 |
< |
|
686 |
< |
/** |
687 |
< |
* Returns {@code true} if this task was cancelled. |
688 |
< |
* |
689 |
< |
* @return {@code true} if this task was cancelled |
690 |
< |
*/ |
691 |
< |
public final boolean isCancelled() { |
692 |
< |
return (status & COMPLETION_MASK) == CANCELLED; |
693 |
< |
} |
694 |
< |
|
695 |
< |
/** |
696 |
< |
* Asserts that the results of this task's computation will not be |
697 |
< |
* used. If a cancellation occurs before attempting to execute this |
698 |
< |
* task, execution will be suppressed, {@link #isCancelled} |
699 |
< |
* will report true, and {@link #join} will result in a |
700 |
< |
* {@code CancellationException} being thrown. Otherwise, when |
701 |
< |
* cancellation races with completion, there are no guarantees |
702 |
< |
* about whether {@code isCancelled} will report {@code true}, |
703 |
< |
* whether {@code join} will return normally or via an exception, |
704 |
< |
* or whether these behaviors will remain consistent upon repeated |
705 |
< |
* invocation. |
704 |
> |
* Attempts to cancel execution of this task. This attempt will |
705 |
> |
* fail if the task has already completed, has already been |
706 |
> |
* cancelled, or could not be cancelled for some other reason. If |
707 |
> |
* successful, and this task has not started when cancel is |
708 |
> |
* called, execution of this task is suppressed, {@link |
709 |
> |
* #isCancelled} will report true, and {@link #join} will result |
710 |
> |
* in a {@code CancellationException} being thrown. |
711 |
|
* |
712 |
|
* <p>This method may be overridden in subclasses, but if so, must |
713 |
|
* still ensure that these minimal properties hold. In particular, |
719 |
|
* invoke {@link #completeExceptionally}. |
720 |
|
* |
721 |
|
* @param mayInterruptIfRunning this value is ignored in the |
722 |
< |
* default implementation because tasks are not in general |
722 |
> |
* default implementation because tasks are not |
723 |
|
* cancelled via interruption |
724 |
|
* |
725 |
|
* @return {@code true} if this task is now cancelled |
729 |
|
return (status & COMPLETION_MASK) == CANCELLED; |
730 |
|
} |
731 |
|
|
732 |
+ |
public final boolean isDone() { |
733 |
+ |
return status < 0; |
734 |
+ |
} |
735 |
+ |
|
736 |
+ |
public final boolean isCancelled() { |
737 |
+ |
return (status & COMPLETION_MASK) == CANCELLED; |
738 |
+ |
} |
739 |
+ |
|
740 |
|
/** |
741 |
|
* Returns {@code true} if this task threw an exception or was cancelled. |
742 |
|
* |
747 |
|
} |
748 |
|
|
749 |
|
/** |
750 |
+ |
* Returns {@code true} if this task completed without throwing an |
751 |
+ |
* exception and was not cancelled. |
752 |
+ |
* |
753 |
+ |
* @return {@code true} if this task completed without throwing an |
754 |
+ |
* exception and was not cancelled |
755 |
+ |
*/ |
756 |
+ |
public final boolean isCompletedNormally() { |
757 |
+ |
return (status & COMPLETION_MASK) == NORMAL; |
758 |
+ |
} |
759 |
+ |
|
760 |
+ |
/** |
761 |
|
* Returns the exception thrown by the base computation, or a |
762 |
|
* {@code CancellationException} if cancelled, or {@code null} if |
763 |
|
* none or if the method has not yet completed. |
766 |
|
*/ |
767 |
|
public final Throwable getException() { |
768 |
|
int s = status & COMPLETION_MASK; |
769 |
< |
if (s >= NORMAL) |
770 |
< |
return null; |
771 |
< |
if (s == CANCELLED) |
748 |
< |
return new CancellationException(); |
749 |
< |
return exceptionMap.get(this); |
769 |
> |
return ((s >= NORMAL) ? null : |
770 |
> |
(s == CANCELLED) ? new CancellationException() : |
771 |
> |
exceptionMap.get(this)); |
772 |
|
} |
773 |
|
|
774 |
|
/** |
781 |
|
* overridable, but overridden versions must invoke {@code super} |
782 |
|
* implementation to maintain guarantees. |
783 |
|
* |
784 |
< |
* @param ex the exception to throw. If this exception is |
785 |
< |
* not a RuntimeException or Error, the actual exception thrown |
786 |
< |
* will be a RuntimeException with cause ex. |
784 |
> |
* @param ex the exception to throw. If this exception is not a |
785 |
> |
* {@code RuntimeException} or {@code Error}, the actual exception |
786 |
> |
* thrown will be a {@code RuntimeException} with cause {@code ex}. |
787 |
|
*/ |
788 |
|
public void completeExceptionally(Throwable ex) { |
789 |
|
setDoneExceptionally((ex instanceof RuntimeException) || |
830 |
|
} |
831 |
|
|
832 |
|
/** |
833 |
< |
* Possibly executes other tasks until this task is ready, then |
834 |
< |
* returns the result of the computation. This method may be more |
835 |
< |
* efficient than {@code join}, but is only applicable when |
836 |
< |
* there are no potential dependencies between continuation of the |
837 |
< |
* current task and that of any other task that might be executed |
838 |
< |
* while helping. (This usually holds for pure divide-and-conquer |
839 |
< |
* tasks). |
833 |
> |
* Possibly executes other tasks until this task {@link #isDone is |
834 |
> |
* done}, then returns the result of the computation. This method |
835 |
> |
* may be more efficient than {@code join}, but is only applicable |
836 |
> |
* when there are no potential dependencies between continuation |
837 |
> |
* of the current task and that of any other task that might be |
838 |
> |
* executed while helping. (This usually holds for pure |
839 |
> |
* divide-and-conquer tasks). |
840 |
|
* |
841 |
|
* <p>This method may be invoked only from within {@code |
842 |
|
* ForkJoinTask} computations (as may be determined using method |
854 |
|
} |
855 |
|
|
856 |
|
/** |
857 |
< |
* Possibly executes other tasks until this task is ready. |
857 |
> |
* Possibly executes other tasks until this task {@link #isDone is |
858 |
> |
* done}. This method may be useful when processing collections |
859 |
> |
* of tasks when some have been cancelled or otherwise known to |
860 |
> |
* have aborted. |
861 |
|
* |
862 |
|
* <p>This method may be invoked only from within {@code |
863 |
|
* ForkJoinTask} computations (as may be determined using method |
902 |
|
|
903 |
|
/** |
904 |
|
* Possibly executes tasks until the pool hosting the current task |
905 |
< |
* {@link ForkJoinPool#isQuiescent}. This method may be of use in |
906 |
< |
* designs in which many tasks are forked, but none are explicitly |
907 |
< |
* joined, instead executing them until all are processed. |
905 |
> |
* {@link ForkJoinPool#isQuiescent is quiescent}. This method may |
906 |
> |
* be of use in designs in which many tasks are forked, but none |
907 |
> |
* are explicitly joined, instead executing them until all are |
908 |
> |
* processed. |
909 |
|
* |
910 |
|
* <p>This method may be invoked only from within {@code |
911 |
|
* ForkJoinTask} computations (as may be determined using method |
1049 |
|
* called otherwise. The return value controls whether this task |
1050 |
|
* is considered to be done normally. It may return false in |
1051 |
|
* asynchronous actions that require explicit invocations of |
1052 |
< |
* {@link #complete} to become joinable. It may throw exceptions |
1053 |
< |
* to indicate abnormal exit. |
1052 |
> |
* {@link #complete} to become joinable. It may also throw an |
1053 |
> |
* (unchecked) exception to indicate abnormal exit. |
1054 |
|
* |
1055 |
|
* @return {@code true} if completed normally |
1030 |
– |
* @throws Error or RuntimeException if encountered during computation |
1056 |
|
*/ |
1057 |
|
protected abstract boolean exec(); |
1058 |
|
|
1219 |
|
private static final long serialVersionUID = -7721805057305804111L; |
1220 |
|
|
1221 |
|
/** |
1222 |
< |
* Save the state to a stream. |
1222 |
> |
* Saves the state to a stream. |
1223 |
|
* |
1224 |
|
* @serialData the current run status and the exception thrown |
1225 |
|
* during execution, or {@code null} if none |
1232 |
|
} |
1233 |
|
|
1234 |
|
/** |
1235 |
< |
* Reconstitute the instance from a stream. |
1235 |
> |
* Reconstitutes the instance from a stream. |
1236 |
|
* |
1237 |
|
* @param s the stream |
1238 |
|
*/ |