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root/jsr166/jsr166/src/jsr166y/ForkJoinTask.java

Comparing jsr166/src/jsr166y/ForkJoinTask.java (file contents):
Revision 1.8 by jsr166, Mon Jul 20 21:54:51 2009 UTC vs.
Revision 1.31 by jsr166, Sun Aug 2 22:58:50 2009 UTC

#	Line 5 | Line 5
5		*/
6
7		package jsr166y;
8	<	import java.io.Serializable;
9	<	import java.util.*;
8	>
9		import java.util.concurrent.*;
10	<	import java.util.concurrent.atomic.*;
11	<	import sun.misc.Unsafe;
12	<	import java.lang.reflect.*;
10	>
11	>	import java.io.Serializable;
12	>	import java.util.Collection;
13	>	import java.util.Collections;
14	>	import java.util.List;
15	>	import java.util.Map;
16	>	import java.util.WeakHashMap;
17
18		/**
19	<	* Abstract base class for tasks that run within a {@link
20	<	* ForkJoinPool}.  A ForkJoinTask is a thread-like entity that is much
19	>	* Abstract base class for tasks that run within a {@link ForkJoinPool}.
20	>	* A {@code ForkJoinTask} is a thread-like entity that is much
21		* lighter weight than a normal thread.  Huge numbers of tasks and
22		* subtasks may be hosted by a small number of actual threads in a
23		* ForkJoinPool, at the price of some usage limitations.
24		*
25	<	* <p> A "main" ForkJoinTask begins execution when submitted to a
26	<	* {@link ForkJoinPool}. Once started, it will usually in turn start
27	<	* other subtasks.  As indicated by the name of this class, many
28	<	* programs using ForkJoinTasks employ only methods {@code fork}
29	<	* and {@code join}, or derivatives such as
30	<	* {@code invokeAll}.  However, this class also provides a number
31	<	* of other methods that can come into play in advanced usages, as
32	<	* well as extension mechanics that allow support of new forms of
33	<	* fork/join processing.
25	>	* <p>A "main" {@code ForkJoinTask} begins execution when submitted
26	>	* to a {@link ForkJoinPool}.  Once started, it will usually in turn
27	>	* start other subtasks.  As indicated by the name of this class,
28	>	* many programs using {@code ForkJoinTask} employ only methods
29	>	* {@link #fork} and {@link #join}, or derivatives such as {@link
30	>	* #invokeAll}.  However, this class also provides a number of other
31	>	* methods that can come into play in advanced usages, as well as
32	>	* extension mechanics that allow support of new forms of fork/join
33	>	* processing.
34		*
35	<	* <p>A ForkJoinTask is a lightweight form of {@link Future}.  The
36	<	* efficiency of ForkJoinTasks stems from a set of restrictions (that
37	<	* are only partially statically enforceable) reflecting their
38	<	* intended use as computational tasks calculating pure functions or
39	<	* operating on purely isolated objects.  The primary coordination
40	<	* mechanisms are {@link #fork}, that arranges asynchronous execution,
41	<	* and {@link #join}, that doesn't proceed until the task's result has
42	<	* been computed.  Computations should avoid {@code synchronized}
43	<	* methods or blocks, and should minimize other blocking
44	<	* synchronization apart from joining other tasks or using
45	<	* synchronizers such as Phasers that are advertised to cooperate with
46	<	* fork/join scheduling. Tasks should also not perform blocking IO,
47	<	* and should ideally access variables that are completely independent
48	<	* of those accessed by other running tasks. Minor breaches of these
49	<	* restrictions, for example using shared output streams, may be
50	<	* tolerable in practice, but frequent use may result in poor
51	<	* performance, and the potential to indefinitely stall if the number
52	<	* of threads not waiting for IO or other external synchronization
53	<	* becomes exhausted. This usage restriction is in part enforced by
54	<	* not permitting checked exceptions such as {@code IOExceptions}
55	<	* to be thrown. However, computations may still encounter unchecked
56	<	* exceptions, that are rethrown to callers attempting join
57	<	* them. These exceptions may additionally include
58	<	* RejectedExecutionExceptions stemming from internal resource
59	<	* exhaustion such as failure to allocate internal task queues.
35	>	* <p>A {@code ForkJoinTask} is a lightweight form of {@link Future}.
36	>	* The efficiency of {@code ForkJoinTask}s stems from a set of
37	>	* restrictions (that are only partially statically enforceable)
38	>	* reflecting their intended use as computational tasks calculating
39	>	* pure functions or operating on purely isolated objects.  The
40	>	* primary coordination mechanisms are {@link #fork}, that arranges
41	>	* asynchronous execution, and {@link #join}, that doesn't proceed
42	>	* until the task's result has been computed.  Computations should
43	>	* avoid {@code synchronized} methods or blocks, and should minimize
44	>	* other blocking synchronization apart from joining other tasks or
45	>	* using synchronizers such as Phasers that are advertised to
46	>	* cooperate with fork/join scheduling. Tasks should also not perform
47	>	* blocking IO, and should ideally access variables that are
48	>	* completely independent of those accessed by other running
49	>	* tasks. Minor breaches of these restrictions, for example using
50	>	* shared output streams, may be tolerable in practice, but frequent
51	>	* use may result in poor performance, and the potential to
52	>	* indefinitely stall if the number of threads not waiting for IO or
53	>	* other external synchronization becomes exhausted. This usage
54	>	* restriction is in part enforced by not permitting checked
55	>	* exceptions such as {@code IOExceptions} to be thrown. However,
56	>	* computations may still encounter unchecked exceptions, that are
57	>	* rethrown to callers attempting join them. These exceptions may
58	>	* additionally include RejectedExecutionExceptions stemming from
59	>	* internal resource exhaustion such as failure to allocate internal
60	>	* task queues.
61		*
62		* <p>The primary method for awaiting completion and extracting
63		* results of a task is {@link #join}, but there are several variants:
#	Line 72 | Line 76 | import java.lang.reflect.*;
76		* performs the most common form of parallel invocation: forking a set
77		* of tasks and joining them all.
78		*
79	<	* <p> The ForkJoinTask class is not usually directly subclassed.
79	>	* <p>The ForkJoinTask class is not usually directly subclassed.
80		* Instead, you subclass one of the abstract classes that support a
81	<	* particular style of fork/join processing.  Normally, a concrete
81	>	* particular style of fork/join processing, typically {@link
82	>	* RecursiveAction} for computations that do not return results, or
83	>	* {@link RecursiveTask} for those that do.  Normally, a concrete
84		* ForkJoinTask subclass declares fields comprising its parameters,
85		* established in a constructor, and then defines a {@code compute}
86		* method that somehow uses the control methods supplied by this base
87		* class. While these methods have {@code public} access (to allow
88		* instances of different task subclasses to call each others
89		* methods), some of them may only be called from within other
90	<	* ForkJoinTasks. Attempts to invoke them in other contexts result in
91	<	* exceptions or errors possibly including ClassCastException.
90	>	* ForkJoinTasks (as may be determined using method {@link
91	>	* #inForkJoinPool}).  Attempts to invoke them in other contexts
92	>	* result in exceptions or errors, possibly including
93	>	* ClassCastException.
94		*
95		* <p>Most base support methods are {@code final} because their
96		* implementations are intrinsically tied to the underlying
97		* lightweight task scheduling framework, and so cannot be overridden.
98		* Developers creating new basic styles of fork/join processing should
99		* minimally implement {@code protected} methods
100	<	* {@code exec}, {@code setRawResult}, and
101	<	* {@code getRawResult}, while also introducing an abstract
100	>	* {@link #exec}, {@link #setRawResult}, and
101	>	* {@link #getRawResult}, while also introducing an abstract
102		* computational method that can be implemented in its subclasses,
103		* possibly relying on other {@code protected} methods provided
104		* by this class.
105		*
106		* <p>ForkJoinTasks should perform relatively small amounts of
107	<	* computations, othewise splitting into smaller tasks. As a very
107	>	* computations, otherwise splitting into smaller tasks. As a very
108		* rough rule of thumb, a task should perform more than 100 and less
109		* than 10000 basic computational steps. If tasks are too big, then
110	<	* parellelism cannot improve throughput. If too small, then memory
110	>	* parallelism cannot improve throughput. If too small, then memory
111		* and internal task maintenance overhead may overwhelm processing.
112		*
113	+	* <p>This class provides {@code adapt} methods for {@link
114	+	* java.lang.Runnable} and {@link java.util.concurrent.Callable}, that
115	+	* may be of use when mixing execution of ForkJoinTasks with other
116	+	* kinds of tasks. When all tasks are of this form, consider using a
117	+	* pool in {@link ForkJoinPool#setAsyncMode}.
118	+	*
119		* <p>ForkJoinTasks are {@code Serializable}, which enables them
120		* to be used in extensions such as remote execution frameworks. It is
121		* in general sensible to serialize tasks only before or after, but
122		* not during execution. Serialization is not relied on during
123		* execution itself.
124	+	*
125	+	* @since 1.7
126	+	* @author Doug Lea
127		*/
128		public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> implements Future<V>, Serializable {
129
#	Line 128 | Line 145 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
145		* currently unused. Also value 0x80000000 is available as spare
146		* completion value.
147		*/
148	<	volatile int status; // accessed directy by pool and workers
148	>	volatile int status; // accessed directly by pool and workers
149
150		static final int COMPLETION_MASK      = 0xe0000000;
151		static final int NORMAL               = 0xe0000000; // == mask
#	Line 141 | Line 158 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
158		/**
159		* Table of exceptions thrown by tasks, to enable reporting by
160		* callers. Because exceptions are rare, we don't directly keep
161	<	* them with task objects, but instead us a weak ref table.  Note
161	>	* them with task objects, but instead use a weak ref table.  Note
162		* that cancellation exceptions don't appear in the table, but are
163		* instead recorded as status values.
164	<	* Todo: Use ConcurrentReferenceHashMap
164	>	* TODO: Use ConcurrentReferenceHashMap
165		*/
166		static final Map<ForkJoinTask<?>, Throwable> exceptionMap =
167		Collections.synchronizedMap
#	Line 153 | Line 170 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
170		// within-package utilities
171
172		/**
173	<	* Get current worker thread, or null if not a worker thread
173	>	* Gets current worker thread, or null if not a worker thread.
174		*/
175		static ForkJoinWorkerThread getWorker() {
176		Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
177	<	return ((t instanceof ForkJoinWorkerThread)?
178	<	(ForkJoinWorkerThread)t : null);
177	>	return ((t instanceof ForkJoinWorkerThread) ?
178	>	(ForkJoinWorkerThread) t : null);
179		}
180
181		final boolean casStatus(int cmp, int val) {
182	<	return _unsafe.compareAndSwapInt(this, statusOffset, cmp, val);
182	>	return UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, statusOffset, cmp, val);
183		}
184
185		/**
#	Line 170 | Line 187 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
187		*/
188		static void rethrowException(Throwable ex) {
189		if (ex != null)
190	<	_unsafe.throwException(ex);
190	>	UNSAFE.throwException(ex);
191		}
192
193		// Setting completion status
194
195		/**
196	<	* Mark completion and wake up threads waiting to join this task.
196	>	* Marks completion and wakes up threads waiting to join this task.
197	>	*
198		* @param completion one of NORMAL, CANCELLED, EXCEPTIONAL
199		*/
200		final void setCompletion(int completion) {
201		ForkJoinPool pool = getPool();
202		if (pool != null) {
203		int s; // Clear signal bits while setting completion status
204	<	do;while ((s = status) >= 0 && !casStatus(s, completion));
204	>	do {} while ((s = status) >= 0 && !casStatus(s, completion));
205
206		if ((s & SIGNAL_MASK) != 0) {
207		if ((s &= INTERNAL_SIGNAL_MASK) != 0)
208		pool.updateRunningCount(s);
209	<	synchronized(this) { notifyAll(); }
209	>	synchronized (this) { notifyAll(); }
210		}
211		}
212		else
#	Line 201 | Line 219 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
219		*/
220		private void externallySetCompletion(int completion) {
221		int s;
222	<	do;while ((s = status) >= 0 &&
223	<	!casStatus(s, (s & SIGNAL_MASK) | completion));
224	<	synchronized(this) { notifyAll(); }
222	>	do {} while ((s = status) >= 0 &&
223	>	!casStatus(s, (s & SIGNAL_MASK) | completion));
224	>	synchronized (this) { notifyAll(); }
225		}
226
227		/**
228	<	* Sets status to indicate normal completion
228	>	* Sets status to indicate normal completion.
229		*/
230		final void setNormalCompletion() {
231		// Try typical fast case -- single CAS, no signal, not already done.
232		// Manually expand casStatus to improve chances of inlining it
233	<	if (!_unsafe.compareAndSwapInt(this, statusOffset, 0, NORMAL))
233	>	if (!UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, statusOffset, 0, NORMAL))
234		setCompletion(NORMAL);
235		}
236
237		// internal waiting and notification
238
239		/**
240	<	* Performs the actual monitor wait for awaitDone
240	>	* Performs the actual monitor wait for awaitDone.
241		*/
242		private void doAwaitDone() {
243		// Minimize lock bias and in/de-flation effects by maximizing
244		// chances of waiting inside sync
245		try {
246		while (status >= 0)
247	<	synchronized(this) { if (status >= 0) wait(); }
247	>	synchronized (this) { if (status >= 0) wait(); }
248		} catch (InterruptedException ie) {
249		onInterruptedWait();
250		}
251		}
252
253		/**
254	<	* Performs the actual monitor wait for awaitDone
254	>	* Performs the actual timed monitor wait for awaitDone.
255		*/
256		private void doAwaitDone(long startTime, long nanos) {
257	<	synchronized(this) {
257	>	synchronized (this) {
258		try {
259		while (status >= 0) {
260	<	long nt = nanos - System.nanoTime() - startTime;
260	>	long nt = nanos - (System.nanoTime() - startTime);
261		if (nt <= 0)
262		break;
263	<	wait(nt / 1000000, (int)(nt % 1000000));
263	>	wait(nt / 1000000, (int) (nt % 1000000));
264		}
265		} catch (InterruptedException ie) {
266		onInterruptedWait();
#	Line 255 | Line 273 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
273		/**
274		* Sets status to indicate there is joiner, then waits for join,
275		* surrounded with pool notifications.
276	+	*
277		* @return status upon exit
278		*/
279	<	private int awaitDone(ForkJoinWorkerThread w, boolean maintainParallelism) {
280	<	ForkJoinPool pool = w == null? null : w.pool;
279	>	private int awaitDone(ForkJoinWorkerThread w,
280	>	boolean maintainParallelism) {
281	>	ForkJoinPool pool = (w == null) ? null : w.pool;
282		int s;
283		while ((s = status) >= 0) {
284	<	if (casStatus(s, pool == null? s|EXTERNAL_SIGNAL : s+1)) {
284	>	if (casStatus(s, (pool == null) ? s|EXTERNAL_SIGNAL : s+1)) {
285		if (pool == null || !pool.preJoin(this, maintainParallelism))
286		doAwaitDone();
287		if (((s = status) & INTERNAL_SIGNAL_MASK) != 0)
#	Line 274 | Line 294 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
294
295		/**
296		* Timed version of awaitDone
297	+	*
298		* @return status upon exit
299		*/
300		private int awaitDone(ForkJoinWorkerThread w, long nanos) {
301	<	ForkJoinPool pool = w == null? null : w.pool;
301	>	ForkJoinPool pool = (w == null) ? null : w.pool;
302		int s;
303		while ((s = status) >= 0) {
304	<	if (casStatus(s, pool == null? s|EXTERNAL_SIGNAL : s+1)) {
304	>	if (casStatus(s, (pool == null) ? s|EXTERNAL_SIGNAL : s+1)) {
305		long startTime = System.nanoTime();
306		if (pool == null || !pool.preJoin(this, false))
307		doAwaitDone(startTime, nanos);
#	Line 297 | Line 318 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
318		}
319
320		/**
321	<	* Notify pool that thread is unblocked. Called by signalled
321	>	* Notifies pool that thread is unblocked. Called by signalled
322		* threads when woken by non-FJ threads (which is atypical).
323		*/
324		private void adjustPoolCountsOnUnblock(ForkJoinPool pool) {
325		int s;
326	<	do;while ((s = status) < 0 && !casStatus(s, s & COMPLETION_MASK));
326	>	do {} while ((s = status) < 0 && !casStatus(s, s & COMPLETION_MASK));
327		if (pool != null && (s &= INTERNAL_SIGNAL_MASK) != 0)
328		pool.updateRunningCount(s);
329		}
330
331		/**
332	<	* Notify pool to adjust counts on cancelled or timed out wait
332	>	* Notifies pool to adjust counts on cancelled or timed out wait.
333		*/
334		private void adjustPoolCountsOnCancelledWait(ForkJoinPool pool) {
335		if (pool != null) {
#	Line 323 | Line 344 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
344		}
345
346		/**
347	<	* Handle interruptions during waits.
347	>	* Handles interruptions during waits.
348		*/
349		private void onInterruptedWait() {
350		ForkJoinWorkerThread w = getWorker();
#	Line 342 | Line 363 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
363		}
364
365		/**
366	<	* Throws the exception associated with status s;
366	>	* Throws the exception associated with status s.
367	>	*
368		* @throws the exception
369		*/
370		private void reportException(int s) {
#	Line 355 | Line 377 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
377		}
378
379		/**
380	<	* Returns result or throws exception using j.u.c.Future conventions
381	<	* Only call when isDone known to be true.
380	>	* Returns result or throws exception using j.u.c.Future conventions.
381	>	* Only call when {@code isDone} known to be true.
382		*/
383		private V reportFutureResult()
384		throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
#	Line 375 | Line 397 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
397
398		/**
399		* Returns result or throws exception using j.u.c.Future conventions
400	<	* with timeouts
400	>	* with timeouts.
401		*/
402		private V reportTimedFutureResult()
403		throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
#	Line 396 | Line 418 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
418
419		/**
420		* Calls exec, recording completion, and rethrowing exception if
421	<	* encountered. Caller should normally check status before calling
421	>	* encountered. Caller should normally check status before calling.
422	>	*
423		* @return true if completed normally
424		*/
425		private boolean tryExec() {
#	Line 414 | Line 437 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
437
438		/**
439		* Main execution method used by worker threads. Invokes
440	<	* base computation unless already complete
440	>	* base computation unless already complete.
441		*/
442		final void quietlyExec() {
443		if (status >= 0) {
444		try {
445		if (!exec())
446		return;
447	<	} catch(Throwable rex) {
447	>	} catch (Throwable rex) {
448		setDoneExceptionally(rex);
449		return;
450		}
#	Line 430 | Line 453 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
453		}
454
455		/**
456	<	* Calls exec, recording but not rethrowing exception
457	<	* Caller should normally check status before calling
456	>	* Calls exec(), recording but not rethrowing exception.
457	>	* Caller should normally check status before calling.
458	>	*
459		* @return true if completed normally
460		*/
461		private boolean tryQuietlyInvoke() {
#	Line 447 | Line 471 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
471		}
472
473		/**
474	<	* Cancel, ignoring any exceptions it throws
474	>	* Cancels, ignoring any exceptions it throws.
475		*/
476		final void cancelIgnoringExceptions() {
477		try {
478		cancel(false);
479	<	} catch(Throwable ignore) {
479	>	} catch (Throwable ignore) {
480		}
481		}
482
#	Line 464 | Line 488 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
488		ForkJoinTask<?> t;
489		while ((s = status) >= 0 && (t = w.scanWhileJoining(this)) != null)
490		t.quietlyExec();
491	<	return (s >= 0)? awaitDone(w, false) : s; // block if no work
491	>	return (s >= 0) ? awaitDone(w, false) : s; // block if no work
492		}
493
494		// public methods
#	Line 472 | Line 496 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
496		/**
497		* Arranges to asynchronously execute this task.  While it is not
498		* necessarily enforced, it is a usage error to fork a task more
499	<	* than once unless it has completed and been reinitialized.  This
500	<	* method may be invoked only from within ForkJoinTask
501	<	* computations. Attempts to invoke in other contexts result in
502	<	* exceptions or errors possibly including ClassCastException.
499	>	* than once unless it has completed and been reinitialized.
500	>	*
501	>	* <p>This method may be invoked only from within {@code
502	>	* ForkJoinTask} computations (as may be determined using method
503	>	* {@link #inForkJoinPool}).  Attempts to invoke in other contexts
504	>	* result in exceptions or errors, possibly including {@code
505	>	* ClassCastException}.
506	>	*
507	>	* @return {@code this}, to simplify usage
508		*/
509	<	public final void fork() {
510	<	((ForkJoinWorkerThread)(Thread.currentThread())).pushTask(this);
509	>	public final ForkJoinTask<V> fork() {
510	>	((ForkJoinWorkerThread) Thread.currentThread())
511	>	.pushTask(this);
512	>	return this;
513		}
514
515		/**
516		* Returns the result of the computation when it is ready.
517	<	* This method differs from {@code get} in that abnormal
518	<	* completion results in RuntimeExceptions or Errors, not
519	<	* ExecutionExceptions.
517	>	* This method differs from {@link #get()} in that
518	>	* abnormal completion results in {@code RuntimeException} or
519	>	* {@code Error}, not {@code ExecutionException}.
520		*
521		* @return the computed result
522		*/
#	Line 499 | Line 530 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
530		/**
531		* Commences performing this task, awaits its completion if
532		* necessary, and return its result.
533	+	*
534		* @throws Throwable (a RuntimeException, Error, or unchecked
535	<	* exception) if the underlying computation did so.
535	>	* exception) if the underlying computation did so
536		* @return the computed result
537		*/
538		public final V invoke() {
#	Line 511 | Line 543 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
543		}
544
545		/**
546	<	* Forks both tasks, returning when {@code isDone} holds for
547	<	* both of them or an exception is encountered. This method may be
548	<	* invoked only from within ForkJoinTask computations. Attempts to
549	<	* invoke in other contexts result in exceptions or errors
550	<	* possibly including ClassCastException.
551	<	* @param t1 one task
552	<	* @param t2 the other task
553	<	* @throws NullPointerException if t1 or t2 are null
554	<	* @throws RuntimeException or Error if either task did so.
546	>	* Forks the given tasks, returning when {@code isDone} holds
547	>	* for each task or an exception is encountered.
548	>	*
549	>	* <p>This method may be invoked only from within {@code
550	>	* ForkJoinTask} computations (as may be determined using method
551	>	* {@link #inForkJoinPool}).  Attempts to invoke in other contexts
552	>	* result in exceptions or errors, possibly including {@code
553	>	* ClassCastException}.
554	>	*
555	>	* @param t1 the first task
556	>	* @param t2 the second task
557	>	* @throws NullPointerException if any task is null
558	>	* @throws RuntimeException or Error if a task did so
559		*/
560	<	public static void invokeAll(ForkJoinTask<?>t1, ForkJoinTask<?> t2) {
560	>	public static void invokeAll(ForkJoinTask<?> t1, ForkJoinTask<?> t2) {
561		t2.fork();
562		t1.invoke();
563		t2.join();
564		}
565
566		/**
567	<	* Forks the given tasks, returning when {@code isDone} holds
568	<	* for all of them. If any task encounters an exception, others
569	<	* may be cancelled.  This method may be invoked only from within
570	<	* ForkJoinTask computations. Attempts to invoke in other contexts
571	<	* result in exceptions or errors possibly including ClassCastException.
572	<	* @param tasks the array of tasks
573	<	* @throws NullPointerException if tasks or any element are null.
574	<	* @throws RuntimeException or Error if any task did so.
567	>	* Forks the given tasks, returning when {@code isDone} holds for
568	>	* each task or an exception is encountered. If any task
569	>	* encounters an exception, others may be, but are not guaranteed
570	>	* to be, cancelled.
571	>	*
572	>	* <p>This method may be invoked only from within {@code
573	>	* ForkJoinTask} computations (as may be determined using method
574	>	* {@link #inForkJoinPool}).  Attempts to invoke in other contexts
575	>	* result in exceptions or errors, possibly including {@code
576	>	* ClassCastException}.
577	>	*
578	>	* <p>Overloadings of this method exist for the special cases
579	>	* of one to four arguments.
580	>	*
581	>	* @param tasks the tasks
582	>	* @throws NullPointerException if tasks or any element are null
583	>	* @throws RuntimeException or Error if any task did so
584		*/
585		public static void invokeAll(ForkJoinTask<?>... tasks) {
586		Throwable ex = null;
#	Line 571 | Line 616 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
616		}
617
618		/**
619	<	* Forks all tasks in the collection, returning when
620	<	* {@code isDone} holds for all of them. If any task
621	<	* encounters an exception, others may be cancelled.  This method
622	<	* may be invoked only from within ForkJoinTask
623	<	* computations. Attempts to invoke in other contexts resul!t in
624	<	* exceptions or errors possibly including ClassCastException.
619	>	* Forks all tasks in the collection, returning when {@code
620	>	* isDone} holds for each task or an exception is encountered.
621	>	* If any task encounters an exception, others may be, but are
622	>	* not guaranteed to be, cancelled.
623	>	*
624	>	* <p>This method may be invoked only from within {@code
625	>	* ForkJoinTask} computations (as may be determined using method
626	>	* {@link #inForkJoinPool}).  Attempts to invoke in other contexts
627	>	* result in exceptions or errors, possibly including {@code
628	>	* ClassCastException}.
629	>	*
630		* @param tasks the collection of tasks
631	<	* @throws NullPointerException if tasks or any element are null.
632	<	* @throws RuntimeException or Error if any task did so.
633	<	*/
634	<	public static void invokeAll(Collection<? extends ForkJoinTask<?>> tasks) {
635	<	if (!(tasks instanceof List)) {
636	<	invokeAll(tasks.toArray(new ForkJoinTask[tasks.size()]));
637	<	return;
631	>	* @return the tasks argument, to simplify usage
632	>	* @throws NullPointerException if tasks or any element are null
633	>	* @throws RuntimeException or Error if any task did so
634	>	*/
635	>	public static <T extends ForkJoinTask<?>> Collection<T> invokeAll(Collection<T> tasks) {
636	>	if (!(tasks instanceof List<?>)) {
637	>	invokeAll(tasks.toArray(new ForkJoinTask<?>[tasks.size()]));
638	>	return tasks;
639		}
640	+	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
641		List<? extends ForkJoinTask<?>> ts =
642	<	(List<? extends ForkJoinTask<?>>)tasks;
642	>	(List<? extends ForkJoinTask<?>>) tasks;
643		Throwable ex = null;
644		int last = ts.size() - 1;
645		for (int i = last; i >= 0; --i) {
#	Line 618 | Line 670 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
670		}
671		if (ex != null)
672		rethrowException(ex);
673	+	return tasks;
674		}
675
676		/**
677	<	* Returns true if the computation performed by this task has
678	<	* completed (or has been cancelled).
679	<	* @return true if this computation has completed
677	>	* Returns {@code true} if the computation performed by this task
678	>	* has completed (or has been cancelled).
679	>	*
680	>	* @return {@code true} if this computation has completed
681		*/
682		public final boolean isDone() {
683		return status < 0;
684		}
685
686		/**
687	<	* Returns true if this task was cancelled.
688	<	* @return true if this task was cancelled
687	>	* Returns {@code true} if this task was cancelled.
688	>	*
689	>	* @return {@code true} if this task was cancelled
690		*/
691		public final boolean isCancelled() {
692		return (status & COMPLETION_MASK) == CANCELLED;
#	Line 639 | Line 694 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
694
695		/**
696		* Asserts that the results of this task's computation will not be
697	<	* used. If a cancellation occurs before atempting to execute this
698	<	* task, then execution will be suppressed, {@code isCancelled}
699	<	* will report true, and {@code join} will result in a
697	>	* used. If a cancellation occurs before attempting to execute this
698	>	* task, execution will be suppressed, {@link #isCancelled}
699	>	* will report true, and {@link #join} will result in a
700		* {@code CancellationException} being thrown. Otherwise, when
701		* cancellation races with completion, there are no guarantees
702	<	* about whether {@code isCancelled} will report true, whether
703	<	* {@code join} will return normally or via an exception, or
704	<	* whether these behaviors will remain consistent upon repeated
702	>	* about whether {@code isCancelled} will report {@code true},
703	>	* whether {@code join} will return normally or via an exception,
704	>	* or whether these behaviors will remain consistent upon repeated
705		* invocation.
706		*
707		* <p>This method may be overridden in subclasses, but if so, must
708		* still ensure that these minimal properties hold. In particular,
709	<	* the cancel method itself must not throw exceptions.
709	>	* the {@code cancel} method itself must not throw exceptions.
710		*
711	<	* <p> This method is designed to be invoked by <em>other</em>
711	>	* <p>This method is designed to be invoked by <em>other</em>
712		* tasks. To terminate the current task, you can just return or
713		* throw an unchecked exception from its computation method, or
714	<	* invoke {@code completeExceptionally}.
714	>	* invoke {@link #completeExceptionally}.
715		*
716		* @param mayInterruptIfRunning this value is ignored in the
717		* default implementation because tasks are not in general
718	<	* cancelled via interruption.
718	>	* cancelled via interruption
719		*
720	<	* @return true if this task is now cancelled
720	>	* @return {@code true} if this task is now cancelled
721		*/
722		public boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning) {
723		setCompletion(CANCELLED);
#	Line 670 | Line 725 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
725		}
726
727		/**
728	<	* Returns true if this task threw an exception or was cancelled
729	<	* @return true if this task threw an exception or was cancelled
728	>	* Returns {@code true} if this task threw an exception or was cancelled.
729	>	*
730	>	* @return {@code true} if this task threw an exception or was cancelled
731		*/
732		public final boolean isCompletedAbnormally() {
733		return (status & COMPLETION_MASK) < NORMAL;
#	Line 679 | Line 735 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
735
736		/**
737		* Returns the exception thrown by the base computation, or a
738	<	* CancellationException if cancelled, or null if none or if the
739	<	* method has not yet completed.
740	<	* @return the exception, or null if none
738	>	* {@code CancellationException} if cancelled, or {@code null} if
739	>	* none or if the method has not yet completed.
740	>	*
741	>	* @return the exception, or {@code null} if none
742		*/
743		public final Throwable getException() {
744		int s = status & COMPLETION_MASK;
#	Line 698 | Line 755 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
755		* {@code join} and related operations. This method may be used
756		* to induce exceptions in asynchronous tasks, or to force
757		* completion of tasks that would not otherwise complete.  Its use
758	<	* in other situations is likely to be wrong.  This method is
758	>	* in other situations is discouraged.  This method is
759		* overridable, but overridden versions must invoke {@code super}
760		* implementation to maintain guarantees.
761		*
#	Line 708 | Line 765 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
765		*/
766		public void completeExceptionally(Throwable ex) {
767		setDoneExceptionally((ex instanceof RuntimeException) ||
768	<	(ex instanceof Error)? ex :
768	>	(ex instanceof Error) ? ex :
769		new RuntimeException(ex));
770		}
771
#	Line 718 | Line 775 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
775		* operations. This method may be used to provide results for
776		* asynchronous tasks, or to provide alternative handling for
777		* tasks that would not otherwise complete normally. Its use in
778	<	* other situations is likely to be wrong. This method is
778	>	* other situations is discouraged. This method is
779		* overridable, but overridden versions must invoke {@code super}
780		* implementation to maintain guarantees.
781		*
782	<	* @param value the result value for this task.
782	>	* @param value the result value for this task
783		*/
784		public void complete(V value) {
785		try {
786		setRawResult(value);
787	<	} catch(Throwable rex) {
787	>	} catch (Throwable rex) {
788		setDoneExceptionally(rex);
789		return;
790		}
#	Line 743 | Line 800 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
800
801		public final V get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
802		throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
803	+	long nanos = unit.toNanos(timeout);
804		ForkJoinWorkerThread w = getWorker();
805		if (w == null || status < 0 || !w.unpushTask(this) || !tryQuietlyInvoke())
806	<	awaitDone(w, unit.toNanos(timeout));
806	>	awaitDone(w, nanos);
807		return reportTimedFutureResult();
808		}
809
#	Line 753 | Line 811 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
811		* Possibly executes other tasks until this task is ready, then
812		* returns the result of the computation.  This method may be more
813		* efficient than {@code join}, but is only applicable when
814	<	* there are no potemtial dependencies between continuation of the
814	>	* there are no potential dependencies between continuation of the
815		* current task and that of any other task that might be executed
816		* while helping. (This usually holds for pure divide-and-conquer
817	<	* tasks). This method may be invoked only from within
818	<	* ForkJoinTask computations. Attempts to invoke in other contexts
819	<	* resul!t in exceptions or errors possibly including ClassCastException.
817	>	* tasks).
818	>	*
819	>	* <p>This method may be invoked only from within {@code
820	>	* ForkJoinTask} computations (as may be determined using method
821	>	* {@link #inForkJoinPool}).  Attempts to invoke in other contexts
822	>	* result in exceptions or errors, possibly including {@code
823	>	* ClassCastException}.
824	>	*
825		* @return the computed result
826		*/
827		public final V helpJoin() {
828	<	ForkJoinWorkerThread w = (ForkJoinWorkerThread)(Thread.currentThread());
828	>	ForkJoinWorkerThread w = (ForkJoinWorkerThread) Thread.currentThread();
829		if (status < 0 || !w.unpushTask(this) || !tryExec())
830		reportException(busyJoin(w));
831		return getRawResult();
832		}
833
834		/**
835	<	* Possibly executes other tasks until this task is ready.  This
836	<	* method may be invoked only from within ForkJoinTask
837	<	* computations. Attempts to invoke in other contexts resul!t in
838	<	* exceptions or errors possibly including ClassCastException.
835	>	* Possibly executes other tasks until this task is ready.
836	>	*
837	>	* <p>This method may be invoked only from within {@code
838	>	* ForkJoinTask} computations (as may be determined using method
839	>	* {@link #inForkJoinPool}).  Attempts to invoke in other contexts
840	>	* result in exceptions or errors, possibly including {@code
841	>	* ClassCastException}.
842		*/
843		public final void quietlyHelpJoin() {
844		if (status >= 0) {
845		ForkJoinWorkerThread w =
846	<	(ForkJoinWorkerThread)(Thread.currentThread());
846	>	(ForkJoinWorkerThread) Thread.currentThread();
847		if (!w.unpushTask(this) || !tryQuietlyInvoke())
848		busyJoin(w);
849		}
#	Line 814 | Line 880 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
880		* {@link ForkJoinPool#isQuiescent}. This method may be of use in
881		* designs in which many tasks are forked, but none are explicitly
882		* joined, instead executing them until all are processed.
883	+	*
884	+	* <p>This method may be invoked only from within {@code
885	+	* ForkJoinTask} computations (as may be determined using method
886	+	* {@link #inForkJoinPool}).  Attempts to invoke in other contexts
887	+	* result in exceptions or errors, possibly including {@code
888	+	* ClassCastException}.
889		*/
890		public static void helpQuiesce() {
891	<	((ForkJoinWorkerThread)(Thread.currentThread())).
892	<	helpQuiescePool();
891	>	((ForkJoinWorkerThread) Thread.currentThread())
892	>	.helpQuiescePool();
893		}
894
895		/**
#	Line 826 | Line 898 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
898		* this task, but only if reuse occurs when this task has either
899		* never been forked, or has been forked, then completed and all
900		* outstanding joins of this task have also completed. Effects
901	<	* under any other usage conditions are not guaranteed, and are
902	<	* almost surely wrong. This method may be useful when executing
901	>	* under any other usage conditions are not guaranteed.
902	>	* This method may be useful when executing
903		* pre-constructed trees of subtasks in loops.
904		*/
905		public void reinitialize() {
#	Line 838 | Line 910 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
910
911		/**
912		* Returns the pool hosting the current task execution, or null
913	<	* if this task is executing outside of any pool.
914	<	* @return the pool, or null if none.
913	>	* if this task is executing outside of any ForkJoinPool.
914	>	*
915	>	* @see #inForkJoinPool
916	>	* @return the pool, or {@code null} if none
917		*/
918		public static ForkJoinPool getPool() {
919		Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
920	<	return ((t instanceof ForkJoinWorkerThread)?
921	<	((ForkJoinWorkerThread)t).pool : null);
920	>	return (t instanceof ForkJoinWorkerThread) ?
921	>	((ForkJoinWorkerThread) t).pool : null;
922	>	}
923	>
924	>	/**
925	>	* Returns {@code true} if the current thread is executing as a
926	>	* ForkJoinPool computation.
927	>	*
928	>	* @return {@code true} if the current thread is executing as a
929	>	* ForkJoinPool computation, or false otherwise
930	>	*/
931	>	public static boolean inForkJoinPool() {
932	>	return Thread.currentThread() instanceof ForkJoinWorkerThread;
933		}
934
935		/**
#	Line 853 | Line 938 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
938		* by the current thread, and has not commenced executing in
939		* another thread.  This method may be useful when arranging
940		* alternative local processing of tasks that could have been, but
941	<	* were not, stolen. This method may be invoked only from within
942	<	* ForkJoinTask computations. Attempts to invoke in other contexts
943	<	* result in exceptions or errors possibly including ClassCastException.
944	<	* @return true if unforked
941	>	* were not, stolen.
942	>	*
943	>	* <p>This method may be invoked only from within {@code
944	>	* ForkJoinTask} computations (as may be determined using method
945	>	* {@link #inForkJoinPool}).  Attempts to invoke in other contexts
946	>	* result in exceptions or errors, possibly including {@code
947	>	* ClassCastException}.
948	>	*
949	>	* @return {@code true} if unforked
950		*/
951		public boolean tryUnfork() {
952	<	return ((ForkJoinWorkerThread)(Thread.currentThread())).unpushTask(this);
952	>	return ((ForkJoinWorkerThread) Thread.currentThread())
953	>	.unpushTask(this);
954		}
955
956		/**
#	Line 867 | Line 958 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
958		* forked by the current worker thread but not yet executed. This
959		* value may be useful for heuristic decisions about whether to
960		* fork other tasks.
961	+	*
962	+	* <p>This method may be invoked only from within {@code
963	+	* ForkJoinTask} computations (as may be determined using method
964	+	* {@link #inForkJoinPool}).  Attempts to invoke in other contexts
965	+	* result in exceptions or errors, possibly including {@code
966	+	* ClassCastException}.
967	+	*
968		* @return the number of tasks
969		*/
970		public static int getQueuedTaskCount() {
971	<	return ((ForkJoinWorkerThread)(Thread.currentThread())).
972	<	getQueueSize();
971	>	return ((ForkJoinWorkerThread) Thread.currentThread())
972	>	.getQueueSize();
973		}
974
975		/**
976	<	* Returns a estimate of how many more locally queued tasks are
976	>	* Returns an estimate of how many more locally queued tasks are
977		* held by the current worker thread than there are other worker
978		* threads that might steal them.  This value may be useful for
979		* heuristic decisions about whether to fork other tasks. In many
#	Line 883 | Line 981 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
981		* aim to maintain a small constant surplus (for example, 3) of
982		* tasks, and to process computations locally if this threshold is
983		* exceeded.
984	+	*
985	+	* <p>This method may be invoked only from within {@code
986	+	* ForkJoinTask} computations (as may be determined using method
987	+	* {@link #inForkJoinPool}).  Attempts to invoke in other contexts
988	+	* result in exceptions or errors, possibly including {@code
989	+	* ClassCastException}.
990	+	*
991		* @return the surplus number of tasks, which may be negative
992		*/
993		public static int getSurplusQueuedTaskCount() {
994	<	return ((ForkJoinWorkerThread)(Thread.currentThread()))
994	>	return ((ForkJoinWorkerThread) Thread.currentThread())
995		.getEstimatedSurplusTaskCount();
996		}
997
998		// Extension methods
999
1000		/**
1001	<	* Returns the result that would be returned by {@code join},
1002	<	* even if this task completed abnormally, or null if this task is
1003	<	* not known to have been completed.  This method is designed to
1004	<	* aid debugging, as well as to support extensions. Its use in any
1005	<	* other context is discouraged.
1001	>	* Returns the result that would be returned by {@link #join}, even
1002	>	* if this task completed abnormally, or {@code null} if this task
1003	>	* is not known to have been completed.  This method is designed
1004	>	* to aid debugging, as well as to support extensions. Its use in
1005	>	* any other context is discouraged.
1006		*
1007	<	* @return the result, or null if not completed.
1007	>	* @return the result, or {@code null} if not completed
1008		*/
1009		public abstract V getRawResult();
1010
#	Line 918 | Line 1023 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
1023		* called otherwise. The return value controls whether this task
1024		* is considered to be done normally. It may return false in
1025		* asynchronous actions that require explicit invocations of
1026	<	* {@code complete} to become joinable. It may throw exceptions
1026	>	* {@link #complete} to become joinable. It may throw exceptions
1027		* to indicate abnormal exit.
1028	<	* @return true if completed normally
1028	>	*
1029	>	* @return {@code true} if completed normally
1030		* @throws Error or RuntimeException if encountered during computation
1031		*/
1032		protected abstract boolean exec();
1033
1034		/**
1035	<	* Returns, but does not unschedule or execute, the task queued by
1036	<	* the current thread but not yet executed, if one is
1035	>	* Returns, but does not unschedule or execute, a task queued by
1036	>	* the current thread but not yet executed, if one is immediately
1037		* available. There is no guarantee that this task will actually
1038	<	* be polled or executed next.  This method is designed primarily
1039	<	* to support extensions, and is unlikely to be useful otherwise.
1040	<	* This method may be invoked only from within ForkJoinTask
1041	<	* computations. Attempts to invoke in other contexts result in
1042	<	* exceptions or errors possibly including ClassCastException.
1038	>	* be polled or executed next. Conversely, this method may return
1039	>	* null even if a task exists but cannot be accessed without
1040	>	* contention with other threads.  This method is designed
1041	>	* primarily to support extensions, and is unlikely to be useful
1042	>	* otherwise.
1043		*
1044	<	* @return the next task, or null if none are available
1044	>	* <p>This method may be invoked only from within {@code
1045	>	* ForkJoinTask} computations (as may be determined using method
1046	>	* {@link #inForkJoinPool}).  Attempts to invoke in other contexts
1047	>	* result in exceptions or errors, possibly including {@code
1048	>	* ClassCastException}.
1049	>	*
1050	>	* @return the next task, or {@code null} if none are available
1051		*/
1052		protected static ForkJoinTask<?> peekNextLocalTask() {
1053	<	return ((ForkJoinWorkerThread)(Thread.currentThread())).peekTask();
1053	>	return ((ForkJoinWorkerThread) Thread.currentThread())
1054	>	.peekTask();
1055		}
1056
1057		/**
1058		* Unschedules and returns, without executing, the next task
1059		* queued by the current thread but not yet executed.  This method
1060		* is designed primarily to support extensions, and is unlikely to
1061	<	* be useful otherwise.  This method may be invoked only from
1062	<	* within ForkJoinTask computations. Attempts to invoke in other
1063	<	* contexts result in exceptions or errors possibly including
1064	<	* ClassCastException.
1061	>	* be useful otherwise.
1062	>	*
1063	>	* <p>This method may be invoked only from within {@code
1064	>	* ForkJoinTask} computations (as may be determined using method
1065	>	* {@link #inForkJoinPool}).  Attempts to invoke in other contexts
1066	>	* result in exceptions or errors, possibly including {@code
1067	>	* ClassCastException}.
1068		*
1069	<	* @return the next task, or null if none are available
1069	>	* @return the next task, or {@code null} if none are available
1070		*/
1071		protected static ForkJoinTask<?> pollNextLocalTask() {
1072	<	return ((ForkJoinWorkerThread)(Thread.currentThread())).pollLocalTask();
1072	>	return ((ForkJoinWorkerThread) Thread.currentThread())
1073	>	.pollLocalTask();
1074		}
1075
1076		/**
#	Line 961 | Line 1078 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
1078		* queued by the current thread but not yet executed, if one is
1079		* available, or if not available, a task that was forked by some
1080		* other thread, if available. Availability may be transient, so a
1081	<	* {@code null} result does not necessarily imply quiecence
1081	>	* {@code null} result does not necessarily imply quiescence
1082		* of the pool this task is operating in.  This method is designed
1083		* primarily to support extensions, and is unlikely to be useful
1084	<	* otherwise.  This method may be invoked only from within
968	<	* ForkJoinTask computations. Attempts to invoke in other contexts
969	<	* result in exceptions or errors possibly including
970	<	* ClassCastException.
1084	>	* otherwise.
1085		*
1086	<	* @return a task, or null if none are available
1086	>	* <p>This method may be invoked only from within {@code
1087	>	* ForkJoinTask} computations (as may be determined using method
1088	>	* {@link #inForkJoinPool}).  Attempts to invoke in other contexts
1089	>	* result in exceptions or errors, possibly including {@code
1090	>	* ClassCastException}.
1091	>	*
1092	>	* @return a task, or {@code null} if none are available
1093		*/
1094		protected static ForkJoinTask<?> pollTask() {
1095	<	return ((ForkJoinWorkerThread)(Thread.currentThread())).
1096	<	pollTask();
1095	>	return ((ForkJoinWorkerThread) Thread.currentThread())
1096	>	.pollTask();
1097	>	}
1098	>
1099	>	/**
1100	>	* Adaptor for Runnables. This implements RunnableFuture
1101	>	* to be compliant with AbstractExecutorService constraints
1102	>	* when used in ForkJoinPool.
1103	>	*/
1104	>	static final class AdaptedRunnable<T> extends ForkJoinTask<T>
1105	>	implements RunnableFuture<T> {
1106	>	final Runnable runnable;
1107	>	final T resultOnCompletion;
1108	>	T result;
1109	>	AdaptedRunnable(Runnable runnable, T result) {
1110	>	if (runnable == null) throw new NullPointerException();
1111	>	this.runnable = runnable;
1112	>	this.resultOnCompletion = result;
1113	>	}
1114	>	public T getRawResult() { return result; }
1115	>	public void setRawResult(T v) { result = v; }
1116	>	public boolean exec() {
1117	>	runnable.run();
1118	>	result = resultOnCompletion;
1119	>	return true;
1120	>	}
1121	>	public void run() { invoke(); }
1122	>	private static final long serialVersionUID = 5232453952276885070L;
1123	>	}
1124	>
1125	>	/**
1126	>	* Adaptor for Callables
1127	>	*/
1128	>	static final class AdaptedCallable<T> extends ForkJoinTask<T>
1129	>	implements RunnableFuture<T> {
1130	>	final Callable<? extends T> callable;
1131	>	T result;
1132	>	AdaptedCallable(Callable<? extends T> callable) {
1133	>	if (callable == null) throw new NullPointerException();
1134	>	this.callable = callable;
1135	>	}
1136	>	public T getRawResult() { return result; }
1137	>	public void setRawResult(T v) { result = v; }
1138	>	public boolean exec() {
1139	>	try {
1140	>	result = callable.call();
1141	>	return true;
1142	>	} catch (Error err) {
1143	>	throw err;
1144	>	} catch (RuntimeException rex) {
1145	>	throw rex;
1146	>	} catch (Exception ex) {
1147	>	throw new RuntimeException(ex);
1148	>	}
1149	>	}
1150	>	public void run() { invoke(); }
1151	>	private static final long serialVersionUID = 2838392045355241008L;
1152	>	}
1153	>
1154	>	/**
1155	>	* Returns a new {@code ForkJoinTask} that performs the {@code run}
1156	>	* method of the given {@code Runnable} as its action, and returns
1157	>	* a null result upon {@link #join}.
1158	>	*
1159	>	* @param runnable the runnable action
1160	>	* @return the task
1161	>	*/
1162	>	public static ForkJoinTask<?> adapt(Runnable runnable) {
1163	>	return new AdaptedRunnable<Void>(runnable, null);
1164	>	}
1165	>
1166	>	/**
1167	>	* Returns a new {@code ForkJoinTask} that performs the {@code run}
1168	>	* method of the given {@code Runnable} as its action, and returns
1169	>	* the given result upon {@link #join}.
1170	>	*
1171	>	* @param runnable the runnable action
1172	>	* @param result the result upon completion
1173	>	* @return the task
1174	>	*/
1175	>	public static <T> ForkJoinTask<T> adapt(Runnable runnable, T result) {
1176	>	return new AdaptedRunnable<T>(runnable, result);
1177	>	}
1178	>
1179	>	/**
1180	>	* Returns a new {@code ForkJoinTask} that performs the {@code call}
1181	>	* method of the given {@code Callable} as its action, and returns
1182	>	* its result upon {@link #join}, translating any checked exceptions
1183	>	* encountered into {@code RuntimeException}.
1184	>	*
1185	>	* @param callable the callable action
1186	>	* @return the task
1187	>	*/
1188	>	public static <T> ForkJoinTask<T> adapt(Callable<? extends T> callable) {
1189	>	return new AdaptedCallable<T>(callable);
1190		}
1191
1192		// Serialization support
#	Line 984 | Line 1197 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
1197		* Save the state to a stream.
1198		*
1199		* @serialData the current run status and the exception thrown
1200	<	* during execution, or null if none.
1200	>	* during execution, or {@code null} if none
1201		* @param s the stream
1202		*/
1203		private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s)
#	Line 995 | Line 1208 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
1208
1209		/**
1210		* Reconstitute the instance from a stream.
1211	+	*
1212		* @param s the stream
1213		*/
1214		private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s)
#	Line 1004 | Line 1218 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
1218		status |= EXTERNAL_SIGNAL; // conservatively set external signal
1219		Object ex = s.readObject();
1220		if (ex != null)
1221	<	setDoneExceptionally((Throwable)ex);
1221	>	setDoneExceptionally((Throwable) ex);
1222	>	}
1223	>
1224	>	// Unsafe mechanics
1225	>
1226	>	private static final sun.misc.Unsafe UNSAFE = getUnsafe();
1227	>	private static final long statusOffset =
1228	>	objectFieldOffset("status", ForkJoinTask.class);
1229	>
1230	>	private static long objectFieldOffset(String field, Class<?> klazz) {
1231	>	try {
1232	>	return UNSAFE.objectFieldOffset(klazz.getDeclaredField(field));
1233	>	} catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
1234	>	// Convert Exception to corresponding Error
1235	>	NoSuchFieldError error = new NoSuchFieldError(field);
1236	>	error.initCause(e);
1237	>	throw error;
1238	>	}
1239		}
1240
1241	<	// Temporary Unsafe mechanics for preliminary release
1242	<	private static Unsafe getUnsafe() throws Throwable {
1241	>	/**
1242	>	* Returns a sun.misc.Unsafe.  Suitable for use in a 3rd party package.
1243	>	* Replace with a simple call to Unsafe.getUnsafe when integrating
1244	>	* into a jdk.
1245	>	*
1246	>	* @return a sun.misc.Unsafe
1247	>	*/
1248	>	private static sun.misc.Unsafe getUnsafe() {
1249		try {
1250	<	return Unsafe.getUnsafe();
1250	>	return sun.misc.Unsafe.getUnsafe();
1251		} catch (SecurityException se) {
1252		try {
1253		return java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged
1254	<	(new java.security.PrivilegedExceptionAction<Unsafe>() {
1255	<	public Unsafe run() throws Exception {
1256	<	return getUnsafePrivileged();
1254	>	(new java.security
1255	>	.PrivilegedExceptionAction<sun.misc.Unsafe>() {
1256	>	public sun.misc.Unsafe run() throws Exception {
1257	>	java.lang.reflect.Field f = sun.misc
1258	>	.Unsafe.class.getDeclaredField("theUnsafe");
1259	>	f.setAccessible(true);
1260	>	return (sun.misc.Unsafe) f.get(null);
1261		}});
1262		} catch (java.security.PrivilegedActionException e) {
1263	<	throw e.getCause();
1263	>	throw new RuntimeException("Could not initialize intrinsics",
1264	>	e.getCause());
1265		}
1266		}
1267		}
1026	–
1027	–	private static Unsafe getUnsafePrivileged()
1028	–	throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException {
1029	–	Field f = Unsafe.class.getDeclaredField("theUnsafe");
1030	–	f.setAccessible(true);
1031	–	return (Unsafe) f.get(null);
1032	–	}
1033	–
1034	–	private static long fieldOffset(String fieldName)
1035	–	throws NoSuchFieldException {
1036	–	return _unsafe.objectFieldOffset
1037	–	(ForkJoinTask.class.getDeclaredField(fieldName));
1038	–	}
1039	–
1040	–	static final Unsafe _unsafe;
1041	–	static final long statusOffset;
1042	–
1043	–	static {
1044	–	try {
1045	–	_unsafe = getUnsafe();
1046	–	statusOffset = fieldOffset("status");
1047	–	} catch (Throwable e) {
1048	–	throw new RuntimeException("Could not initialize intrinsics", e);
1049	–	}
1050	–	}
1051	–
1268		}

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