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root/jsr166/jsr166/src/jsr166y/ForkJoinTask.java
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Comparing jsr166/src/jsr166y/ForkJoinTask.java (file contents):
Revision 1.42 by dl, Thu Aug 6 23:08:50 2009 UTC vs.
Revision 1.60 by jsr166, Tue Sep 7 23:17:10 2010 UTC

# Line 56 | Line 56 | import java.util.WeakHashMap;
56   * exceptions such as {@code IOExceptions} to be thrown. However,
57   * computations may still encounter unchecked exceptions, that are
58   * rethrown to callers attempting to join them. These exceptions may
59 < * additionally include RejectedExecutionExceptions stemming from
60 < * internal resource exhaustion such as failure to allocate internal
61 < * task queues.
59 > * additionally include {@link RejectedExecutionException} stemming
60 > * from internal resource exhaustion, such as failure to allocate
61 > * internal task queues.
62   *
63   * <p>The primary method for awaiting completion and extracting
64   * results of a task is {@link #join}, but there are several variants:
65   * The {@link Future#get} methods support interruptible and/or timed
66   * waits for completion and report results using {@code Future}
67 < * conventions. Method {@link #helpJoin} enables callers to actively
68 < * execute other tasks while awaiting joins, which is sometimes more
69 < * efficient but only applies when all subtasks are known to be
70 < * strictly tree-structured. Method {@link #invoke} is semantically
67 > * conventions. Method {@link #invoke} is semantically
68   * equivalent to {@code fork(); join()} but always attempts to begin
69   * execution in the current thread. The "<em>quiet</em>" forms of
70   * these methods do not extract results or report exceptions. These
# Line 103 | Line 100 | import java.util.WeakHashMap;
100   * ForkJoinTasks (as may be determined using method {@link
101   * #inForkJoinPool}).  Attempts to invoke them in other contexts
102   * result in exceptions or errors, possibly including
103 < * ClassCastException.
103 > * {@code ClassCastException}.
104   *
105   * <p>Most base support methods are {@code final}, to prevent
106   * overriding of implementations that are intrinsically tied to the
# Line 125 | Line 122 | import java.util.WeakHashMap;
122   *
123   * <p>This class provides {@code adapt} methods for {@link Runnable}
124   * and {@link Callable}, that may be of use when mixing execution of
125 < * {@code ForkJoinTasks} with other kinds of tasks. When all tasks
126 < * are of this form, consider using a pool in
130 < * {@linkplain ForkJoinPool#setAsyncMode async mode}.
125 > * {@code ForkJoinTasks} with other kinds of tasks. When all tasks are
126 > * of this form, consider using a pool constructed in <em>asyncMode</em>.
127   *
128   * <p>ForkJoinTasks are {@code Serializable}, which enables them to be
129   * used in extensions such as remote execution frameworks. It is
# Line 139 | Line 135 | import java.util.WeakHashMap;
135   */
136   public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> implements Future<V>, Serializable {
137  
138 <    /**
139 <     * Run control status bits packed into a single int to minimize
140 <     * footprint and to ensure atomicity (via CAS).  Status is
141 <     * initially zero, and takes on nonnegative values until
142 <     * completed, upon which status holds COMPLETED. CANCELLED, or
143 <     * EXCEPTIONAL, which use the top 3 bits.  Tasks undergoing
144 <     * blocking waits by other threads have SIGNAL_MASK bits set --
145 <     * bit 15 for external (nonFJ) waits, and the rest a count of
146 <     * waiting FJ threads.  (This representation relies on
147 <     * ForkJoinPool max thread limits). Completion of a stolen task
148 <     * with SIGNAL_MASK bits set awakens waiter via notifyAll. Even
149 <     * though suboptimal for some purposes, we use basic builtin
150 <     * wait/notify to take advantage of "monitor inflation" in JVMs
151 <     * that we would otherwise need to emulate to avoid adding further
152 <     * per-task bookkeeping overhead. Note that bits 16-28 are
153 <     * currently unused. Also value 0x80000000 is available as spare
154 <     * completion value.
138 >    /*
139 >     * See the internal documentation of class ForkJoinPool for a
140 >     * general implementation overview.  ForkJoinTasks are mainly
141 >     * responsible for maintaining their "status" field amidst relays
142 >     * to methods in ForkJoinWorkerThread and ForkJoinPool. The
143 >     * methods of this class are more-or-less layered into (1) basic
144 >     * status maintenance (2) execution and awaiting completion (3)
145 >     * user-level methods that additionally report results. This is
146 >     * sometimes hard to see because this file orders exported methods
147 >     * in a way that flows well in javadocs. In particular, most
148 >     * join mechanics are in method quietlyJoin, below.
149 >     */
150 >
151 >    /*
152 >     * The status field holds run control status bits packed into a
153 >     * single int to minimize footprint and to ensure atomicity (via
154 >     * CAS).  Status is initially zero, and takes on nonnegative
155 >     * values until completed, upon which status holds value
156 >     * NORMAL, CANCELLED, or EXCEPTIONAL. Tasks undergoing blocking
157 >     * waits by other threads have the SIGNAL bit set.  Completion of
158 >     * a stolen task with SIGNAL set awakens any waiters via
159 >     * notifyAll. Even though suboptimal for some purposes, we use
160 >     * basic builtin wait/notify to take advantage of "monitor
161 >     * inflation" in JVMs that we would otherwise need to emulate to
162 >     * avoid adding further per-task bookkeeping overhead.  We want
163 >     * these monitors to be "fat", i.e., not use biasing or thin-lock
164 >     * techniques, so use some odd coding idioms that tend to avoid
165 >     * them.
166       */
167 +
168 +    /** The run status of this task */
169      volatile int status; // accessed directly by pool and workers
170  
171 <    static final int COMPLETION_MASK      = 0xe0000000;
172 <    static final int NORMAL               = 0xe0000000; // == mask
173 <    static final int CANCELLED            = 0xc0000000;
174 <    static final int EXCEPTIONAL          = 0xa0000000;
166 <    static final int SIGNAL_MASK          = 0x0000ffff;
167 <    static final int INTERNAL_SIGNAL_MASK = 0x00007fff;
168 <    static final int EXTERNAL_SIGNAL      = 0x00008000; // top bit of low word
171 >    private static final int NORMAL      = -1;
172 >    private static final int CANCELLED   = -2;
173 >    private static final int EXCEPTIONAL = -3;
174 >    private static final int SIGNAL      =  1;
175  
176      /**
177       * Table of exceptions thrown by tasks, to enable reporting by
# Line 179 | Line 185 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
185          Collections.synchronizedMap
186          (new WeakHashMap<ForkJoinTask<?>, Throwable>());
187  
188 <    // within-package utilities
188 >    // Maintaining completion status
189  
190      /**
191 <     * Gets current worker thread, or null if not a worker thread.
192 <     */
187 <    static ForkJoinWorkerThread getWorker() {
188 <        Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
189 <        return ((t instanceof ForkJoinWorkerThread) ?
190 <                (ForkJoinWorkerThread) t : null);
191 <    }
192 <
193 <    final boolean casStatus(int cmp, int val) {
194 <        return UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, statusOffset, cmp, val);
195 <    }
196 <
197 <    /**
198 <     * Workaround for not being able to rethrow unchecked exceptions.
199 <     */
200 <    static void rethrowException(Throwable ex) {
201 <        if (ex != null)
202 <            UNSAFE.throwException(ex);
203 <    }
204 <
205 <    // Setting completion status
206 <
207 <    /**
208 <     * Marks completion and wakes up threads waiting to join this task.
191 >     * Marks completion and wakes up threads waiting to join this task,
192 >     * also clearing signal request bits.
193       *
194       * @param completion one of NORMAL, CANCELLED, EXCEPTIONAL
195       */
196 <    final void setCompletion(int completion) {
197 <        ForkJoinPool pool = getPool();
198 <        if (pool != null) {
199 <            int s; // Clear signal bits while setting completion status
200 <            do {} while ((s = status) >= 0 && !casStatus(s, completion));
201 <
202 <            if ((s & SIGNAL_MASK) != 0) {
219 <                if ((s &= INTERNAL_SIGNAL_MASK) != 0)
220 <                    pool.updateRunningCount(s);
221 <                synchronized (this) { notifyAll(); }
196 >    private void setCompletion(int completion) {
197 >        int s;
198 >        while ((s = status) >= 0) {
199 >            if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, statusOffset, s, completion)) {
200 >                if (s != 0)
201 >                    synchronized (this) { notifyAll(); }
202 >                break;
203              }
204          }
224        else
225            externallySetCompletion(completion);
226    }
227
228    /**
229     * Version of setCompletion for non-FJ threads.  Leaves signal
230     * bits for unblocked threads to adjust, and always notifies.
231     */
232    private void externallySetCompletion(int completion) {
233        int s;
234        do {} while ((s = status) >= 0 &&
235                     !casStatus(s, (s & SIGNAL_MASK) | completion));
236        synchronized (this) { notifyAll(); }
237    }
238
239    /**
240     * Sets status to indicate normal completion.
241     */
242    final void setNormalCompletion() {
243        // Try typical fast case -- single CAS, no signal, not already done.
244        // Manually expand casStatus to improve chances of inlining it
245        if (!UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, statusOffset, 0, NORMAL))
246            setCompletion(NORMAL);
205      }
206  
249    // internal waiting and notification
250
207      /**
208 <     * Performs the actual monitor wait for awaitDone.
208 >     * Records exception and sets exceptional completion.
209 >     *
210 >     * @return status on exit
211       */
212 <    private void doAwaitDone() {
213 <        // Minimize lock bias and in/de-flation effects by maximizing
214 <        // chances of waiting inside sync
257 <        try {
258 <            while (status >= 0)
259 <                synchronized (this) { if (status >= 0) wait(); }
260 <        } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
261 <            onInterruptedWait();
262 <        }
212 >    private void setExceptionalCompletion(Throwable rex) {
213 >        exceptionMap.put(this, rex);
214 >        setCompletion(EXCEPTIONAL);
215      }
216  
217      /**
218 <     * Performs the actual timed monitor wait for awaitDone.
218 >     * Blocks a worker thread until completion. Called only by
219 >     * pool. Currently unused -- pool-based waits use timeout
220 >     * version below.
221       */
222 <    private void doAwaitDone(long startTime, long nanos) {
223 <        synchronized (this) {
222 >    final void internalAwaitDone() {
223 >        int s;         // the odd construction reduces lock bias effects
224 >        while ((s = status) >= 0) {
225              try {
226 <                while (status >= 0) {
227 <                    long nt = nanos - (System.nanoTime() - startTime);
228 <                    if (nt <= 0)
274 <                        break;
275 <                    wait(nt / 1000000, (int) (nt % 1000000));
226 >                synchronized(this) {
227 >                    if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, statusOffset, s,SIGNAL))
228 >                        wait();
229                  }
230              } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
231 <                onInterruptedWait();
231 >                cancelIfTerminating();
232              }
233          }
234      }
235  
283    // Awaiting completion
284
236      /**
237 <     * Sets status to indicate there is joiner, then waits for join,
238 <     * surrounded with pool notifications.
237 >     * Blocks a worker thread until completed or timed out.  Called
238 >     * only by pool.
239       *
240 <     * @return status upon exit
240 >     * @return status on exit
241       */
242 <    private int awaitDone(ForkJoinWorkerThread w,
292 <                          boolean maintainParallelism) {
293 <        ForkJoinPool pool = (w == null) ? null : w.pool;
242 >    final int internalAwaitDone(long millis) {
243          int s;
244 <        while ((s = status) >= 0) {
245 <            if (casStatus(s, (pool == null) ? s|EXTERNAL_SIGNAL : s+1)) {
246 <                if (pool == null || !pool.preJoin(this, maintainParallelism))
247 <                    doAwaitDone();
248 <                if (((s = status) & INTERNAL_SIGNAL_MASK) != 0)
300 <                    adjustPoolCountsOnUnblock(pool);
301 <                break;
302 <            }
303 <        }
304 <        return s;
305 <    }
306 <
307 <    /**
308 <     * Timed version of awaitDone
309 <     *
310 <     * @return status upon exit
311 <     */
312 <    private int awaitDone(ForkJoinWorkerThread w, long nanos) {
313 <        ForkJoinPool pool = (w == null) ? null : w.pool;
314 <        int s;
315 <        while ((s = status) >= 0) {
316 <            if (casStatus(s, (pool == null) ? s|EXTERNAL_SIGNAL : s+1)) {
317 <                long startTime = System.nanoTime();
318 <                if (pool == null || !pool.preJoin(this, false))
319 <                    doAwaitDone(startTime, nanos);
320 <                if ((s = status) >= 0) {
321 <                    adjustPoolCountsOnCancelledWait(pool);
322 <                    s = status;
244 >        if ((s = status) >= 0) {
245 >            try {
246 >                synchronized(this) {
247 >                    if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, statusOffset, s,SIGNAL))
248 >                        wait(millis, 0);
249                  }
250 <                if (s < 0 && (s & INTERNAL_SIGNAL_MASK) != 0)
251 <                    adjustPoolCountsOnUnblock(pool);
326 <                break;
250 >            } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
251 >                cancelIfTerminating();
252              }
253 +            s = status;
254          }
255          return s;
256      }
257  
258      /**
259 <     * Notifies pool that thread is unblocked. Called by signalled
334 <     * threads when woken by non-FJ threads (which is atypical).
259 >     * Blocks a non-worker-thread until completion.
260       */
261 <    private void adjustPoolCountsOnUnblock(ForkJoinPool pool) {
261 >    private void externalAwaitDone() {
262          int s;
263 <        do {} while ((s = status) < 0 && !casStatus(s, s & COMPLETION_MASK));
264 <        if (pool != null && (s &= INTERNAL_SIGNAL_MASK) != 0)
265 <            pool.updateRunningCount(s);
266 <    }
267 <
268 <    /**
269 <     * Notifies pool to adjust counts on cancelled or timed out wait.
270 <     */
271 <    private void adjustPoolCountsOnCancelledWait(ForkJoinPool pool) {
272 <        if (pool != null) {
273 <            int s;
274 <            while ((s = status) >= 0 && (s & INTERNAL_SIGNAL_MASK) != 0) {
275 <                if (casStatus(s, s - 1)) {
351 <                    pool.updateRunningCount(1);
263 >        while ((s = status) >= 0) {
264 >            synchronized(this) {
265 >                if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, statusOffset, s, SIGNAL)){
266 >                    boolean interrupted = false;
267 >                    while (status >= 0) {
268 >                        try {
269 >                            wait();
270 >                        } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
271 >                            interrupted = true;
272 >                        }
273 >                    }
274 >                    if (interrupted)
275 >                        Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
276                      break;
277                  }
278              }
# Line 356 | Line 280 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
280      }
281  
282      /**
283 <     * Handles interruptions during waits.
284 <     */
285 <    private void onInterruptedWait() {
362 <        ForkJoinWorkerThread w = getWorker();
363 <        if (w == null)
364 <            Thread.currentThread().interrupt(); // re-interrupt
365 <        else if (w.isTerminating())
366 <            cancelIgnoringExceptions();
367 <        // else if FJworker, ignore interrupt
368 <    }
369 <
370 <    // Recording and reporting exceptions
371 <
372 <    private void setDoneExceptionally(Throwable rex) {
373 <        exceptionMap.put(this, rex);
374 <        setCompletion(EXCEPTIONAL);
375 <    }
376 <
377 <    /**
378 <     * Throws the exception associated with status s.
379 <     *
380 <     * @throws the exception
381 <     */
382 <    private void reportException(int s) {
383 <        if ((s &= COMPLETION_MASK) < NORMAL) {
384 <            if (s == CANCELLED)
385 <                throw new CancellationException();
386 <            else
387 <                rethrowException(exceptionMap.get(this));
388 <        }
389 <    }
390 <
391 <    /**
392 <     * Returns result or throws exception using j.u.c.Future conventions.
393 <     * Only call when {@code isDone} known to be true or thread known
394 <     * to be interrupted.
395 <     */
396 <    private V reportFutureResult()
397 <        throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
398 <        if (Thread.interrupted())
399 <            throw new InterruptedException();
400 <        int s = status & COMPLETION_MASK;
401 <        if (s < NORMAL) {
402 <            Throwable ex;
403 <            if (s == CANCELLED)
404 <                throw new CancellationException();
405 <            if (s == EXCEPTIONAL && (ex = exceptionMap.get(this)) != null)
406 <                throw new ExecutionException(ex);
407 <        }
408 <        return getRawResult();
409 <    }
410 <
411 <    /**
412 <     * Returns result or throws exception using j.u.c.Future conventions
413 <     * with timeouts.
414 <     */
415 <    private V reportTimedFutureResult()
416 <        throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
417 <        if (Thread.interrupted())
418 <            throw new InterruptedException();
419 <        Throwable ex;
420 <        int s = status & COMPLETION_MASK;
421 <        if (s == NORMAL)
422 <            return getRawResult();
423 <        else if (s == CANCELLED)
424 <            throw new CancellationException();
425 <        else if (s == EXCEPTIONAL && (ex = exceptionMap.get(this)) != null)
426 <            throw new ExecutionException(ex);
427 <        else
428 <            throw new TimeoutException();
429 <    }
430 <
431 <    // internal execution methods
432 <
433 <    /**
434 <     * Calls exec, recording completion, and rethrowing exception if
435 <     * encountered. Caller should normally check status before calling.
436 <     *
437 <     * @return true if completed normally
438 <     */
439 <    private boolean tryExec() {
440 <        try { // try block must contain only call to exec
441 <            if (!exec())
442 <                return false;
443 <        } catch (Throwable rex) {
444 <            setDoneExceptionally(rex);
445 <            rethrowException(rex);
446 <            return false; // not reached
447 <        }
448 <        setNormalCompletion();
449 <        return true;
450 <    }
451 <
452 <    /**
453 <     * Main execution method used by worker threads. Invokes
454 <     * base computation unless already complete.
283 >     * Unless done, calls exec and records status if completed, but
284 >     * doesn't wait for completion otherwise. Primary execution method
285 >     * for ForkJoinWorkerThread.
286       */
287      final void quietlyExec() {
457        if (status >= 0) {
458            try {
459                if (!exec())
460                    return;
461            } catch (Throwable rex) {
462                setDoneExceptionally(rex);
463                return;
464            }
465            setNormalCompletion();
466        }
467    }
468
469    /**
470     * Calls exec(), recording but not rethrowing exception.
471     * Caller should normally check status before calling.
472     *
473     * @return true if completed normally
474     */
475    private boolean tryQuietlyInvoke() {
288          try {
289 <            if (!exec())
290 <                return false;
289 >            if (status < 0 || !exec())
290 >                return;
291          } catch (Throwable rex) {
292 <            setDoneExceptionally(rex);
293 <            return false;
482 <        }
483 <        setNormalCompletion();
484 <        return true;
485 <    }
486 <
487 <    /**
488 <     * Cancels, ignoring any exceptions it throws.
489 <     */
490 <    final void cancelIgnoringExceptions() {
491 <        try {
492 <            cancel(false);
493 <        } catch (Throwable ignore) {
292 >            setExceptionalCompletion(rex);
293 >            return;
294          }
295 <    }
496 <
497 <    /**
498 <     * Main implementation of helpJoin
499 <     */
500 <    private int busyJoin(ForkJoinWorkerThread w) {
501 <        int s;
502 <        ForkJoinTask<?> t;
503 <        while ((s = status) >= 0 && (t = w.scanWhileJoining(this)) != null)
504 <            t.quietlyExec();
505 <        return (s >= 0) ? awaitDone(w, false) : s; // block if no work
295 >        setCompletion(NORMAL); // must be outside try block
296      }
297  
298      // public methods
# Line 511 | Line 301 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
301       * Arranges to asynchronously execute this task.  While it is not
302       * necessarily enforced, it is a usage error to fork a task more
303       * than once unless it has completed and been reinitialized.
304 +     * Subsequent modifications to the state of this task or any data
305 +     * it operates on are not necessarily consistently observable by
306 +     * any thread other than the one executing it unless preceded by a
307 +     * call to {@link #join} or related methods, or a call to {@link
308 +     * #isDone} returning {@code true}.
309       *
310       * <p>This method may be invoked only from within {@code
311       * ForkJoinTask} computations (as may be determined using method
# Line 535 | Line 330 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
330       * @return the computed result
331       */
332      public final V join() {
333 <        ForkJoinWorkerThread w = getWorker();
334 <        if (w == null || status < 0 || !w.unpushTask(this) || !tryExec())
335 <            reportException(awaitDone(w, true));
333 >        quietlyJoin();
334 >        Throwable ex;
335 >        if (status < NORMAL && (ex = getException()) != null)
336 >            UNSAFE.throwException(ex);
337          return getRawResult();
338      }
339  
340      /**
341       * Commences performing this task, awaits its completion if
342 <     * necessary, and return its result, or throws an (unchecked)
343 <     * exception if the underlying computation did so.
342 >     * necessary, and returns its result, or throws an (unchecked)
343 >     * {@code RuntimeException} or {@code Error} if the underlying
344 >     * computation did so.
345       *
346       * @return the computed result
347       */
348      public final V invoke() {
349 <        if (status >= 0 && tryExec())
350 <            return getRawResult();
351 <        else
352 <            return join();
349 >        quietlyInvoke();
350 >        Throwable ex;
351 >        if (status < NORMAL && (ex = getException()) != null)
352 >            UNSAFE.throwException(ex);
353 >        return getRawResult();
354      }
355  
356      /**
357       * Forks the given tasks, returning when {@code isDone} holds for
358       * each task or an (unchecked) exception is encountered, in which
359 <     * case the exception is rethrown.  If either task encounters an
360 <     * exception, the other one may be, but is not guaranteed to be,
361 <     * cancelled.  If both tasks throw an exception, then this method
362 <     * throws one of them.  The individual status of each task may be
363 <     * checked using {@link #getException()} and related methods.
359 >     * case the exception is rethrown. If more than one task
360 >     * encounters an exception, then this method throws any one of
361 >     * these exceptions. If any task encounters an exception, the
362 >     * other may be cancelled. However, the execution status of
363 >     * individual tasks is not guaranteed upon exceptional return. The
364 >     * status of each task may be obtained using {@link
365 >     * #getException()} and related methods to check if they have been
366 >     * cancelled, completed normally or exceptionally, or left
367 >     * unprocessed.
368       *
369       * <p>This method may be invoked only from within {@code
370       * ForkJoinTask} computations (as may be determined using method
# Line 583 | Line 385 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
385      /**
386       * Forks the given tasks, returning when {@code isDone} holds for
387       * each task or an (unchecked) exception is encountered, in which
388 <     * case the exception is rethrown. If any task encounters an
389 <     * exception, others may be, but are not guaranteed to be,
390 <     * cancelled.  If more than one task encounters an exception, then
391 <     * this method throws any one of these exceptions.  The individual
392 <     * status of each task may be checked using {@link #getException()}
393 <     * and related methods.
388 >     * case the exception is rethrown. If more than one task
389 >     * encounters an exception, then this method throws any one of
390 >     * these exceptions. If any task encounters an exception, others
391 >     * may be cancelled. However, the execution status of individual
392 >     * tasks is not guaranteed upon exceptional return. The status of
393 >     * each task may be obtained using {@link #getException()} and
394 >     * related methods to check if they have been cancelled, completed
395 >     * normally or exceptionally, or left unprocessed.
396       *
397       * <p>This method may be invoked only from within {@code
398       * ForkJoinTask} computations (as may be determined using method
# Line 612 | Line 416 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
416                  t.fork();
417              else {
418                  t.quietlyInvoke();
419 <                if (ex == null)
419 >                if (ex == null && t.status < NORMAL)
420                      ex = t.getException();
421              }
422          }
# Line 623 | Line 427 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
427                      t.cancel(false);
428                  else {
429                      t.quietlyJoin();
430 <                    if (ex == null)
430 >                    if (ex == null && t.status < NORMAL)
431                          ex = t.getException();
432                  }
433              }
434          }
435          if (ex != null)
436 <            rethrowException(ex);
436 >            UNSAFE.throwException(ex);
437      }
438  
439      /**
440       * Forks all tasks in the specified collection, returning when
441       * {@code isDone} holds for each task or an (unchecked) exception
442 <     * is encountered.  If any task encounters an exception, others
443 <     * may be, but are not guaranteed to be, cancelled.  If more than
444 <     * one task encounters an exception, then this method throws any
445 <     * one of these exceptions.  The individual status of each task
446 <     * may be checked using {@link #getException()} and related
447 <     * methods.  The behavior of this operation is undefined if the
448 <     * specified collection is modified while the operation is in
449 <     * progress.
442 >     * is encountered, in which case the exception is rethrown. If
443 >     * more than one task encounters an exception, then this method
444 >     * throws any one of these exceptions. If any task encounters an
445 >     * exception, others may be cancelled. However, the execution
446 >     * status of individual tasks is not guaranteed upon exceptional
447 >     * return. The status of each task may be obtained using {@link
448 >     * #getException()} and related methods to check if they have been
449 >     * cancelled, completed normally or exceptionally, or left
450 >     * unprocessed.
451       *
452       * <p>This method may be invoked only from within {@code
453       * ForkJoinTask} computations (as may be determined using method
# Line 674 | Line 479 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
479                  t.fork();
480              else {
481                  t.quietlyInvoke();
482 <                if (ex == null)
482 >                if (ex == null && t.status < NORMAL)
483                      ex = t.getException();
484              }
485          }
# Line 685 | Line 490 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
490                      t.cancel(false);
491                  else {
492                      t.quietlyJoin();
493 <                    if (ex == null)
493 >                    if (ex == null && t.status < NORMAL)
494                          ex = t.getException();
495                  }
496              }
497          }
498          if (ex != null)
499 <            rethrowException(ex);
499 >            UNSAFE.throwException(ex);
500          return tasks;
501      }
502  
# Line 721 | Line 526 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
526       */
527      public boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning) {
528          setCompletion(CANCELLED);
529 <        return (status & COMPLETION_MASK) == CANCELLED;
529 >        return status == CANCELLED;
530 >    }
531 >
532 >    /**
533 >     * Cancels, ignoring any exceptions thrown by cancel. Used during
534 >     * worker and pool shutdown. Cancel is spec'ed not to throw any
535 >     * exceptions, but if it does anyway, we have no recourse during
536 >     * shutdown, so guard against this case.
537 >     */
538 >    final void cancelIgnoringExceptions() {
539 >        try {
540 >            cancel(false);
541 >        } catch (Throwable ignore) {
542 >        }
543 >    }
544 >
545 >    /**
546 >     * Cancels if current thread is a terminating worker thread,
547 >     * ignoring any exceptions thrown by cancel.
548 >     */
549 >    final void cancelIfTerminating() {
550 >        Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
551 >        if ((t instanceof ForkJoinWorkerThread) &&
552 >            ((ForkJoinWorkerThread) t).isTerminating()) {
553 >            try {
554 >                cancel(false);
555 >            } catch (Throwable ignore) {
556 >            }
557 >        }
558      }
559  
560      public final boolean isDone() {
# Line 729 | Line 562 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
562      }
563  
564      public final boolean isCancelled() {
565 <        return (status & COMPLETION_MASK) == CANCELLED;
565 >        return status == CANCELLED;
566      }
567  
568      /**
# Line 738 | Line 571 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
571       * @return {@code true} if this task threw an exception or was cancelled
572       */
573      public final boolean isCompletedAbnormally() {
574 <        return (status & COMPLETION_MASK) < NORMAL;
574 >        return status < NORMAL;
575      }
576  
577      /**
# Line 749 | Line 582 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
582       * exception and was not cancelled
583       */
584      public final boolean isCompletedNormally() {
585 <        return (status & COMPLETION_MASK) == NORMAL;
585 >        return status == NORMAL;
586      }
587  
588      /**
# Line 760 | Line 593 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
593       * @return the exception, or {@code null} if none
594       */
595      public final Throwable getException() {
596 <        int s = status & COMPLETION_MASK;
596 >        int s = status;
597          return ((s >= NORMAL)    ? null :
598                  (s == CANCELLED) ? new CancellationException() :
599                  exceptionMap.get(this));
# Line 776 | Line 609 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
609       * overridable, but overridden versions must invoke {@code super}
610       * implementation to maintain guarantees.
611       *
612 <     * @param ex the exception to throw. If this exception is
613 <     * not a RuntimeException or Error, the actual exception thrown
614 <     * will be a RuntimeException with cause ex.
612 >     * @param ex the exception to throw. If this exception is not a
613 >     * {@code RuntimeException} or {@code Error}, the actual exception
614 >     * thrown will be a {@code RuntimeException} with cause {@code ex}.
615       */
616      public void completeExceptionally(Throwable ex) {
617 <        setDoneExceptionally((ex instanceof RuntimeException) ||
618 <                             (ex instanceof Error) ? ex :
619 <                             new RuntimeException(ex));
617 >        setExceptionalCompletion((ex instanceof RuntimeException) ||
618 >                                 (ex instanceof Error) ? ex :
619 >                                 new RuntimeException(ex));
620      }
621  
622      /**
623       * Completes this task, and if not already aborted or cancelled,
624 <     * returning a {@code null} result upon {@code join} and related
625 <     * operations. This method may be used to provide results for
626 <     * asynchronous tasks, or to provide alternative handling for
627 <     * tasks that would not otherwise complete normally. Its use in
628 <     * other situations is discouraged. This method is
629 <     * overridable, but overridden versions must invoke {@code super}
630 <     * implementation to maintain guarantees.
624 >     * returning the given value as the result of subsequent
625 >     * invocations of {@code join} and related operations. This method
626 >     * may be used to provide results for asynchronous tasks, or to
627 >     * provide alternative handling for tasks that would not otherwise
628 >     * complete normally. Its use in other situations is
629 >     * discouraged. This method is overridable, but overridden
630 >     * versions must invoke {@code super} implementation to maintain
631 >     * guarantees.
632       *
633       * @param value the result value for this task
634       */
# Line 802 | Line 636 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
636          try {
637              setRawResult(value);
638          } catch (Throwable rex) {
639 <            setDoneExceptionally(rex);
639 >            setExceptionalCompletion(rex);
640              return;
641          }
642 <        setNormalCompletion();
642 >        setCompletion(NORMAL);
643      }
644  
645      public final V get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
646 <        ForkJoinWorkerThread w = getWorker();
647 <        if (w == null || status < 0 || !w.unpushTask(this) || !tryQuietlyInvoke())
648 <            awaitDone(w, true);
649 <        return reportFutureResult();
646 >        quietlyJoin();
647 >        if (Thread.interrupted())
648 >            throw new InterruptedException();
649 >        int s = status;
650 >        if (s < NORMAL) {
651 >            Throwable ex;
652 >            if (s == CANCELLED)
653 >                throw new CancellationException();
654 >            if (s == EXCEPTIONAL && (ex = exceptionMap.get(this)) != null)
655 >                throw new ExecutionException(ex);
656 >        }
657 >        return getRawResult();
658      }
659  
660      public final V get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
661          throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
662 +        Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
663 +        ForkJoinPool pool;
664 +        if (t instanceof ForkJoinWorkerThread) {
665 +            ForkJoinWorkerThread w = (ForkJoinWorkerThread) t;
666 +            if (status >= 0 && w.unpushTask(this))
667 +                quietlyExec();
668 +            pool = w.pool;
669 +        }
670 +        else
671 +            pool = null;
672 +        /*
673 +         * Timed wait loop intermixes cases for FJ (pool != null) and
674 +         * non FJ threads. For FJ, decrement pool count but don't try
675 +         * for replacement; increment count on completion. For non-FJ,
676 +         * deal with interrupts. This is messy, but a little less so
677 +         * than is splitting the FJ and nonFJ cases.
678 +         */
679 +        boolean interrupted = false;
680 +        boolean dec = false; // true if pool count decremented
681          long nanos = unit.toNanos(timeout);
682 <        ForkJoinWorkerThread w = getWorker();
683 <        if (w == null || status < 0 || !w.unpushTask(this) || !tryQuietlyInvoke())
684 <            awaitDone(w, nanos);
685 <        return reportTimedFutureResult();
686 <    }
687 <
688 <    /**
689 <     * Possibly executes other tasks until this task {@link #isDone is
690 <     * done}, then returns the result of the computation.  This method
691 <     * may be more efficient than {@code join}, but is only applicable
692 <     * when there are no potential dependencies between continuation
693 <     * of the current task and that of any other task that might be
694 <     * executed while helping. (This usually holds for pure
695 <     * divide-and-conquer tasks).
696 <     *
697 <     * <p>This method may be invoked only from within {@code
698 <     * ForkJoinTask} computations (as may be determined using method
699 <     * {@link #inForkJoinPool}).  Attempts to invoke in other contexts
700 <     * result in exceptions or errors, possibly including {@code
701 <     * ClassCastException}.
702 <     *
703 <     * @return the computed result
704 <     */
705 <    public final V helpJoin() {
706 <        ForkJoinWorkerThread w = (ForkJoinWorkerThread) Thread.currentThread();
707 <        if (status < 0 || !w.unpushTask(this) || !tryExec())
708 <            reportException(busyJoin(w));
709 <        return getRawResult();
710 <    }
711 <
712 <    /**
713 <     * Possibly executes other tasks until this task {@link #isDone is
714 <     * done}.  This method may be useful when processing collections
715 <     * of tasks when some have been cancelled or otherwise known to
716 <     * have aborted.
856 <     *
857 <     * <p>This method may be invoked only from within {@code
858 <     * ForkJoinTask} computations (as may be determined using method
859 <     * {@link #inForkJoinPool}).  Attempts to invoke in other contexts
860 <     * result in exceptions or errors, possibly including {@code
861 <     * ClassCastException}.
862 <     */
863 <    public final void quietlyHelpJoin() {
864 <        if (status >= 0) {
865 <            ForkJoinWorkerThread w =
866 <                (ForkJoinWorkerThread) Thread.currentThread();
867 <            if (!w.unpushTask(this) || !tryQuietlyInvoke())
868 <                busyJoin(w);
682 >        for (;;) {
683 >            if (pool == null && Thread.interrupted()) {
684 >                interrupted = true;
685 >                break;
686 >            }
687 >            int s = status;
688 >            if (s < 0)
689 >                break;
690 >            if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, statusOffset, s, SIGNAL)) {
691 >                long startTime = System.nanoTime();
692 >                long nt; // wait time
693 >                while (status >= 0 &&
694 >                       (nt = nanos - (System.nanoTime() - startTime)) > 0) {
695 >                    if (pool != null && !dec)
696 >                        dec = pool.tryDecrementRunningCount();
697 >                    else {
698 >                        long ms = nt / 1000000;
699 >                        int ns = (int) (nt % 1000000);
700 >                        try {
701 >                            synchronized(this) {
702 >                                if (status >= 0)
703 >                                    wait(ms, ns);
704 >                            }
705 >                        } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
706 >                            if (pool != null)
707 >                                cancelIfTerminating();
708 >                            else {
709 >                                interrupted = true;
710 >                                break;
711 >                            }
712 >                        }
713 >                    }
714 >                }
715 >                break;
716 >            }
717          }
718 +        if (pool != null && dec)
719 +            pool.incrementRunningCount();
720 +        if (interrupted)
721 +            throw new InterruptedException();
722 +        int es = status;
723 +        if (es != NORMAL) {
724 +            Throwable ex;
725 +            if (es == CANCELLED)
726 +                throw new CancellationException();
727 +            if (es == EXCEPTIONAL && (ex = exceptionMap.get(this)) != null)
728 +                throw new ExecutionException(ex);
729 +            throw new TimeoutException();
730 +        }
731 +        return getRawResult();
732      }
733  
734      /**
735 <     * Joins this task, without returning its result or throwing an
735 >     * Joins this task, without returning its result or throwing its
736       * exception. This method may be useful when processing
737       * collections of tasks when some have been cancelled or otherwise
738       * known to have aborted.
739       */
740      public final void quietlyJoin() {
741 <        if (status >= 0) {
742 <            ForkJoinWorkerThread w = getWorker();
743 <            if (w == null || !w.unpushTask(this) || !tryQuietlyInvoke())
744 <                awaitDone(w, true);
741 >        Thread t;
742 >        if ((t = Thread.currentThread()) instanceof ForkJoinWorkerThread) {
743 >            ForkJoinWorkerThread w = (ForkJoinWorkerThread) t;
744 >            if (status >= 0) {
745 >                if (w.unpushTask(this)) {
746 >                    boolean completed;
747 >                    try {
748 >                        completed = exec();
749 >                    } catch (Throwable rex) {
750 >                        setExceptionalCompletion(rex);
751 >                        return;
752 >                    }
753 >                    if (completed) {
754 >                        setCompletion(NORMAL);
755 >                        return;
756 >                    }
757 >                }
758 >                w.joinTask(this);
759 >            }
760          }
761 +        else
762 +            externalAwaitDone();
763      }
764  
765      /**
766       * Commences performing this task and awaits its completion if
767 <     * necessary, without returning its result or throwing an
768 <     * exception. This method may be useful when processing
890 <     * collections of tasks when some have been cancelled or otherwise
891 <     * known to have aborted.
767 >     * necessary, without returning its result or throwing its
768 >     * exception.
769       */
770      public final void quietlyInvoke() {
771 <        if (status >= 0 && !tryQuietlyInvoke())
772 <            quietlyJoin();
771 >        if (status >= 0) {
772 >            boolean completed;
773 >            try {
774 >                completed = exec();
775 >            } catch (Throwable rex) {
776 >                setExceptionalCompletion(rex);
777 >                return;
778 >            }
779 >            if (completed)
780 >                setCompletion(NORMAL);
781 >            else
782 >                quietlyJoin();
783 >        }
784      }
785  
786      /**
# Line 924 | Line 812 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
812       * pre-constructed trees of subtasks in loops.
813       */
814      public void reinitialize() {
815 <        if ((status & COMPLETION_MASK) == EXCEPTIONAL)
815 >        if (status == EXCEPTIONAL)
816              exceptionMap.remove(this);
817          status = 0;
818      }
# Line 1214 | Line 1102 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
1102      private static final long serialVersionUID = -7721805057305804111L;
1103  
1104      /**
1105 <     * Save the state to a stream.
1105 >     * Saves the state to a stream (that is, serializes it).
1106       *
1107       * @serialData the current run status and the exception thrown
1108       * during execution, or {@code null} if none
# Line 1227 | Line 1115 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
1115      }
1116  
1117      /**
1118 <     * Reconstitute the instance from a stream.
1118 >     * Reconstitutes the instance from a stream (that is, deserializes it).
1119       *
1120       * @param s the stream
1121       */
1122      private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s)
1123          throws java.io.IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
1124          s.defaultReadObject();
1237        status &= ~INTERNAL_SIGNAL_MASK; // clear internal signal counts
1238        status |= EXTERNAL_SIGNAL; // conservatively set external signal
1125          Object ex = s.readObject();
1126          if (ex != null)
1127 <            setDoneExceptionally((Throwable) ex);
1127 >            setExceptionalCompletion((Throwable) ex);
1128      }
1129  
1130      // Unsafe mechanics

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