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Comparing jsr166/src/jsr166y/ForkJoinTask.java (file contents):
Revision 1.4 by dl, Mon Jan 12 17:16:18 2009 UTC vs.
Revision 1.48 by dl, Thu May 27 16:46:48 2010 UTC

# Line 5 | Line 5
5   */
6  
7   package jsr166y;
8 < import java.io.Serializable;
9 < import java.util.*;
8 >
9   import java.util.concurrent.*;
10 < import java.util.concurrent.atomic.*;
11 < import sun.misc.Unsafe;
12 < import java.lang.reflect.*;
10 >
11 > import java.io.Serializable;
12 > import java.util.Collection;
13 > import java.util.Collections;
14 > import java.util.List;
15 > import java.util.RandomAccess;
16 > import java.util.Map;
17 > import java.util.WeakHashMap;
18  
19   /**
20 < * Abstract base class for tasks that run within a {@link
21 < * ForkJoinPool}.  A ForkJoinTask is a thread-like entity that is much
20 > * Abstract base class for tasks that run within a {@link ForkJoinPool}.
21 > * A {@code ForkJoinTask} is a thread-like entity that is much
22   * lighter weight than a normal thread.  Huge numbers of tasks and
23   * subtasks may be hosted by a small number of actual threads in a
24   * ForkJoinPool, at the price of some usage limitations.
25   *
26 < * <p> A "main" ForkJoinTask begins execution when submitted to a
27 < * {@link ForkJoinPool}. Once started, it will usually in turn start
28 < * other subtasks.  As indicated by the name of this class, many
29 < * programs using ForkJoinTasks employ only methods <code>fork</code>
30 < * and <code>join</code>, or derivatives such as
31 < * <code>invokeAll</code>.  However, this class also provides a number
32 < * of other methods that can come into play in advanced usages, as
33 < * well as extension mechanics that allow support of new forms of
34 < * fork/join processing.
26 > * <p>A "main" {@code ForkJoinTask} begins execution when submitted
27 > * to a {@link ForkJoinPool}.  Once started, it will usually in turn
28 > * start other subtasks.  As indicated by the name of this class,
29 > * many programs using {@code ForkJoinTask} employ only methods
30 > * {@link #fork} and {@link #join}, or derivatives such as {@link
31 > * #invokeAll}.  However, this class also provides a number of other
32 > * methods that can come into play in advanced usages, as well as
33 > * extension mechanics that allow support of new forms of fork/join
34 > * processing.
35   *
36 < * <p>A ForkJoinTask is a lightweight form of {@link Future}.  The
37 < * efficiency of ForkJoinTasks stems from a set of restrictions (that
38 < * are only partially statically enforceable) reflecting their
39 < * intended use as computational tasks calculating pure functions or
40 < * operating on purely isolated objects.  The primary coordination
41 < * mechanisms are {@link #fork}, that arranges asynchronous execution,
42 < * and {@link #join}, that doesn't proceed until the task's result has
43 < * been computed.  Computations should avoid <code>synchronized</code>
44 < * methods or blocks, and should minimize other blocking
45 < * synchronization apart from joining other tasks or using
46 < * synchronizers such as Phasers that are advertised to cooperate with
47 < * fork/join scheduling. Tasks should also not perform blocking IO,
48 < * and should ideally access variables that are completely independent
49 < * of those accessed by other running tasks. Minor breaches of these
50 < * restrictions, for example using shared output streams, may be
51 < * tolerable in practice, but frequent use may result in poor
52 < * performance, and the potential to indefinitely stall if the number
53 < * of threads not waiting for IO or other external synchronization
54 < * becomes exhausted. This usage restriction is in part enforced by
55 < * not permitting checked exceptions such as <code>IOExceptions</code>
56 < * to be thrown. However, computations may still encounter unchecked
57 < * exceptions, that are rethrown to callers attempting join
58 < * them. These exceptions may additionally include
59 < * RejectedExecutionExceptions stemming from internal resource
60 < * exhaustion such as failure to allocate internal task queues.
36 > * <p>A {@code ForkJoinTask} is a lightweight form of {@link Future}.
37 > * The efficiency of {@code ForkJoinTask}s stems from a set of
38 > * restrictions (that are only partially statically enforceable)
39 > * reflecting their intended use as computational tasks calculating
40 > * pure functions or operating on purely isolated objects.  The
41 > * primary coordination mechanisms are {@link #fork}, that arranges
42 > * asynchronous execution, and {@link #join}, that doesn't proceed
43 > * until the task's result has been computed.  Computations should
44 > * avoid {@code synchronized} methods or blocks, and should minimize
45 > * other blocking synchronization apart from joining other tasks or
46 > * using synchronizers such as Phasers that are advertised to
47 > * cooperate with fork/join scheduling. Tasks should also not perform
48 > * blocking IO, and should ideally access variables that are
49 > * completely independent of those accessed by other running
50 > * tasks. Minor breaches of these restrictions, for example using
51 > * shared output streams, may be tolerable in practice, but frequent
52 > * use may result in poor performance, and the potential to
53 > * indefinitely stall if the number of threads not waiting for IO or
54 > * other external synchronization becomes exhausted. This usage
55 > * restriction is in part enforced by not permitting checked
56 > * exceptions such as {@code IOExceptions} to be thrown. However,
57 > * computations may still encounter unchecked exceptions, that are
58 > * rethrown to callers attempting to join them. These exceptions may
59 > * additionally include {@link RejectedExecutionException} stemming
60 > * from internal resource exhaustion, such as failure to allocate
61 > * internal task queues.
62   *
63   * <p>The primary method for awaiting completion and extracting
64   * results of a task is {@link #join}, but there are several variants:
65   * The {@link Future#get} methods support interruptible and/or timed
66 < * waits for completion and report results using <code>Future</code>
66 > * waits for completion and report results using {@code Future}
67   * conventions. Method {@link #helpJoin} enables callers to actively
68   * execute other tasks while awaiting joins, which is sometimes more
69   * efficient but only applies when all subtasks are known to be
70   * strictly tree-structured. Method {@link #invoke} is semantically
71 < * equivalent to <code>fork(); join()</code> but always attempts to
72 < * begin execution in the current thread. The "<em>quiet</em>" forms
73 < * of these methods do not extract results or report exceptions. These
71 > * equivalent to {@code fork(); join()} but always attempts to begin
72 > * execution in the current thread. The "<em>quiet</em>" forms of
73 > * these methods do not extract results or report exceptions. These
74   * may be useful when a set of tasks are being executed, and you need
75   * to delay processing of results or exceptions until all complete.
76 < * Method <code>invokeAll</code> (available in multiple versions)
76 > * Method {@code invokeAll} (available in multiple versions)
77   * performs the most common form of parallel invocation: forking a set
78   * of tasks and joining them all.
79   *
80 < * <p> The ForkJoinTask class is not usually directly subclassed.
80 > * <p>The execution status of tasks may be queried at several levels
81 > * of detail: {@link #isDone} is true if a task completed in any way
82 > * (including the case where a task was cancelled without executing);
83 > * {@link #isCompletedNormally} is true if a task completed without
84 > * cancellation or encountering an exception; {@link #isCancelled} is
85 > * true if the task was cancelled (in which case {@link #getException}
86 > * returns a {@link java.util.concurrent.CancellationException}); and
87 > * {@link #isCompletedAbnormally} is true if a task was either
88 > * cancelled or encountered an exception, in which case {@link
89 > * #getException} will return either the encountered exception or
90 > * {@link java.util.concurrent.CancellationException}.
91 > *
92 > * <p>The ForkJoinTask class is not usually directly subclassed.
93   * Instead, you subclass one of the abstract classes that support a
94 < * particular style of fork/join processing.  Normally, a concrete
94 > * particular style of fork/join processing, typically {@link
95 > * RecursiveAction} for computations that do not return results, or
96 > * {@link RecursiveTask} for those that do.  Normally, a concrete
97   * ForkJoinTask subclass declares fields comprising its parameters,
98 < * established in a constructor, and then defines a <code>compute</code>
98 > * established in a constructor, and then defines a {@code compute}
99   * method that somehow uses the control methods supplied by this base
100 < * class. While these methods have <code>public</code> access (to allow
101 < * instances of different task subclasses to call each others
100 > * class. While these methods have {@code public} access (to allow
101 > * instances of different task subclasses to call each other's
102   * methods), some of them may only be called from within other
103 < * ForkJoinTasks. Attempts to invoke them in other contexts result in
104 < * exceptions or errors possibly including ClassCastException.
103 > * ForkJoinTasks (as may be determined using method {@link
104 > * #inForkJoinPool}).  Attempts to invoke them in other contexts
105 > * result in exceptions or errors, possibly including
106 > * ClassCastException.
107   *
108 < * <p>Most base support methods are <code>final</code> because their
109 < * implementations are intrinsically tied to the underlying
110 < * lightweight task scheduling framework, and so cannot be overridden.
111 < * Developers creating new basic styles of fork/join processing should
112 < * minimally implement <code>protected</code> methods
113 < * <code>exec</code>, <code>setRawResult</code>, and
114 < * <code>getRawResult</code>, while also introducing an abstract
115 < * computational method that can be implemented in its subclasses,
116 < * possibly relying on other <code>protected</code> methods provided
96 < * by this class.
108 > * <p>Most base support methods are {@code final}, to prevent
109 > * overriding of implementations that are intrinsically tied to the
110 > * underlying lightweight task scheduling framework.  Developers
111 > * creating new basic styles of fork/join processing should minimally
112 > * implement {@code protected} methods {@link #exec}, {@link
113 > * #setRawResult}, and {@link #getRawResult}, while also introducing
114 > * an abstract computational method that can be implemented in its
115 > * subclasses, possibly relying on other {@code protected} methods
116 > * provided by this class.
117   *
118   * <p>ForkJoinTasks should perform relatively small amounts of
119 < * computations, othewise splitting into smaller tasks. As a very
120 < * rough rule of thumb, a task should perform more than 100 and less
121 < * than 10000 basic computational steps. If tasks are too big, then
122 < * parellelism cannot improve throughput. If too small, then memory
123 < * and internal task maintenance overhead may overwhelm processing.
119 > * computation. Large tasks should be split into smaller subtasks,
120 > * usually via recursive decomposition. As a very rough rule of thumb,
121 > * a task should perform more than 100 and less than 10000 basic
122 > * computational steps. If tasks are too big, then parallelism cannot
123 > * improve throughput. If too small, then memory and internal task
124 > * maintenance overhead may overwhelm processing.
125   *
126 < * <p>ForkJoinTasks are <code>Serializable</code>, which enables them
127 < * to be used in extensions such as remote execution frameworks. It is
128 < * in general sensible to serialize tasks only before or after, but
129 < * not during execution. Serialization is not relied on during
130 < * execution itself.
126 > * <p>This class provides {@code adapt} methods for {@link Runnable}
127 > * and {@link Callable}, that may be of use when mixing execution of
128 > * {@code ForkJoinTasks} with other kinds of tasks. When all tasks
129 > * are of this form, consider using a pool in
130 > * {@linkplain ForkJoinPool#setAsyncMode async mode}.
131 > *
132 > * <p>ForkJoinTasks are {@code Serializable}, which enables them to be
133 > * used in extensions such as remote execution frameworks. It is
134 > * sensible to serialize tasks only before or after, but not during,
135 > * execution. Serialization is not relied on during execution itself.
136 > *
137 > * @since 1.7
138 > * @author Doug Lea
139   */
140   public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> implements Future<V>, Serializable {
141  
142 +    /*
143 +     * See the internal documentation of class ForkJoinPool for a
144 +     * general implementation overview.  ForkJoinTasks are mainly
145 +     * responsible for maintaining their "status" field amidst relays
146 +     * to methods in ForkJoinWorkerThread and ForkJoinPool. The
147 +     * methods of this class are more-or-less layered into (1) basic
148 +     * status maintenance (2) execution and awaiting completion (3)
149 +     * user-level methods that additionally report results. This is
150 +     * sometimes hard to see because this file orders exported methods
151 +     * in a way that flows well in javadocs.
152 +     */
153 +
154      /**
155       * Run control status bits packed into a single int to minimize
156       * footprint and to ensure atomicity (via CAS).  Status is
157       * initially zero, and takes on nonnegative values until
158       * completed, upon which status holds COMPLETED. CANCELLED, or
159       * EXCEPTIONAL, which use the top 3 bits.  Tasks undergoing
160 <     * blocking waits by other threads have SIGNAL_MASK bits set --
161 <     * bit 15 for external (nonFJ) waits, and the rest a count of
162 <     * waiting FJ threads.  (This representation relies on
163 <     * ForkJoinPool max thread limits). Completion of a stolen task
164 <     * with SIGNAL_MASK bits set awakens waiter via notifyAll. Even
165 <     * though suboptimal for some purposes, we use basic builtin
166 <     * wait/notify to take advantage of "monitor inflation" in JVMs
167 <     * that we would otherwise need to emulate to avoid adding further
168 <     * per-task bookkeeping overhead. Note that bits 16-28 are
169 <     * currently unused. Also value 0x80000000 is available as spare
170 <     * completion value.
171 <     */
172 <    volatile int status; // accessed directy by pool and workers
173 <
174 <    static final int COMPLETION_MASK      = 0xe0000000;
175 <    static final int NORMAL               = 0xe0000000; // == mask
176 <    static final int CANCELLED            = 0xc0000000;
177 <    static final int EXCEPTIONAL          = 0xa0000000;
178 <    static final int SIGNAL_MASK          = 0x0000ffff;
179 <    static final int INTERNAL_SIGNAL_MASK = 0x00007fff;
180 <    static final int EXTERNAL_SIGNAL      = 0x00008000; // top bit of low word
160 >     * blocking waits by other threads have the SIGNAL bit set.
161 >     *
162 >     * Completion of a stolen task with SIGNAL set awakens any waiters
163 >     * via notifyAll. Even though suboptimal for some purposes, we use
164 >     * basic builtin wait/notify to take advantage of "monitor
165 >     * inflation" in JVMs that we would otherwise need to emulate to
166 >     * avoid adding further per-task bookkeeping overhead.  We want
167 >     * these monitors to be "fat", i.e., not use biasing or thin-lock
168 >     * techniques, so use some odd coding idioms that tend to avoid
169 >     * them.
170 >     *
171 >     * Note that bits 1-28 are currently unused. Also value
172 >     * 0x80000000 is available as spare completion value.
173 >     */
174 >    volatile int status; // accessed directly by pool and workers
175 >
176 >    private static final int COMPLETION_MASK      = 0xe0000000;
177 >    private static final int NORMAL               = 0xe0000000; // == mask
178 >    private static final int CANCELLED            = 0xc0000000;
179 >    private static final int EXCEPTIONAL          = 0xa0000000;
180 >    private static final int SIGNAL               = 0x00000001;
181  
182      /**
183       * Table of exceptions thrown by tasks, to enable reporting by
184       * callers. Because exceptions are rare, we don't directly keep
185 <     * them with task objects, but instead us a weak ref table.  Note
185 >     * them with task objects, but instead use a weak ref table.  Note
186       * that cancellation exceptions don't appear in the table, but are
187       * instead recorded as status values.
188 <     * Todo: Use ConcurrentReferenceHashMap
188 >     * TODO: Use ConcurrentReferenceHashMap
189       */
190      static final Map<ForkJoinTask<?>, Throwable> exceptionMap =
191          Collections.synchronizedMap
192          (new WeakHashMap<ForkJoinTask<?>, Throwable>());
193  
194 <    // within-package utilities
154 <
155 <    /**
156 <     * Get current worker thread, or null if not a worker thread
157 <     */
158 <    static ForkJoinWorkerThread getWorker() {
159 <        Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
160 <        return ((t instanceof ForkJoinWorkerThread)?
161 <                (ForkJoinWorkerThread)t : null);
162 <    }
163 <
164 <    final boolean casStatus(int cmp, int val) {
165 <        return _unsafe.compareAndSwapInt(this, statusOffset, cmp, val);
166 <    }
194 >    // Maintaining completion status
195  
196      /**
197 <     * Workaround for not being able to rethrow unchecked exceptions.
198 <     */
199 <    static void rethrowException(Throwable ex) {
172 <        if (ex != null)
173 <            _unsafe.throwException(ex);
174 <    }
175 <
176 <    // Setting completion status
177 <
178 <    /**
179 <     * Mark completion and wake up threads waiting to join this task.
197 >     * Marks completion and wakes up threads waiting to join this task,
198 >     * also clearing signal request bits.
199 >     *
200       * @param completion one of NORMAL, CANCELLED, EXCEPTIONAL
201 +     * @return status on exit
202       */
203 <    final void setCompletion(int completion) {
183 <        ForkJoinPool pool = getPool();
184 <        if (pool != null) {
185 <            int s; // Clear signal bits while setting completion status
186 <            do;while ((s = status) >= 0 && !casStatus(s, completion));
187 <
188 <            if ((s & SIGNAL_MASK) != 0) {
189 <                if ((s &= INTERNAL_SIGNAL_MASK) != 0)
190 <                    pool.updateRunningCount(s);
191 <                synchronized(this) { notifyAll(); }
192 <            }
193 <        }
194 <        else
195 <            externallySetCompletion(completion);
196 <    }
197 <
198 <    /**
199 <     * Version of setCompletion for non-FJ threads.  Leaves signal
200 <     * bits for unblocked threads to adjust, and always notifies.
201 <     */
202 <    private void externallySetCompletion(int completion) {
203 >    private int setCompletion(int completion) {
204          int s;
205 <        do;while ((s = status) >= 0 &&
206 <                  !casStatus(s, (s & SIGNAL_MASK) | completion));
207 <        synchronized(this) { notifyAll(); }
208 <    }
209 <
209 <    /**
210 <     * Sets status to indicate normal completion
211 <     */
212 <    final void setNormalCompletion() {
213 <        // Try typical fast case -- single CAS, no signal, not already done.
214 <        // Manually expand casStatus to improve chances of inlining it
215 <        if (!_unsafe.compareAndSwapInt(this, statusOffset, 0, NORMAL))
216 <            setCompletion(NORMAL);
217 <    }
218 <
219 <    // internal waiting and notification
220 <
221 <    /**
222 <     * Performs the actual monitor wait for awaitDone
223 <     */
224 <    private void doAwaitDone() {
225 <        // Minimize lock bias and in/de-flation effects by maximizing
226 <        // chances of waiting inside sync
227 <        try {
228 <            while (status >= 0)
229 <                synchronized(this) { if (status >= 0) wait(); }
230 <        } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
231 <            onInterruptedWait();
232 <        }
233 <    }
234 <
235 <    /**
236 <     * Performs the actual monitor wait for awaitDone
237 <     */
238 <    private void doAwaitDone(long startTime, long nanos) {
239 <        synchronized(this) {
240 <            try {
241 <                while (status >= 0) {
242 <                    long nt = nanos - System.nanoTime() - startTime;
243 <                    if (nt <= 0)
244 <                        break;
245 <                    wait(nt / 1000000, (int)(nt % 1000000));
246 <                }
247 <            } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
248 <                onInterruptedWait();
205 >        while ((s = status) >= 0) {
206 >            if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, statusOffset, s, completion)) {
207 >                if ((s & SIGNAL) != 0)
208 >                    synchronized (this) { notifyAll(); }
209 >                return completion;
210              }
211          }
212 +        return s;
213      }
214  
253    // Awaiting completion
254
215      /**
216 <     * Sets status to indicate there is joiner, then waits for join,
217 <     * surrounded with pool notifications.
258 <     * @return status upon exit
216 >     * Record exception and set exceptional completion
217 >     * @return status on exit
218       */
219 <    private int awaitDone(ForkJoinWorkerThread w, boolean maintainParallelism) {
220 <        ForkJoinPool pool = w == null? null : w.pool;
221 <        int s;
263 <        while ((s = status) >= 0) {
264 <            if (casStatus(s, pool == null? s|EXTERNAL_SIGNAL : s+1)) {
265 <                if (pool == null || !pool.preJoin(this, maintainParallelism))
266 <                    doAwaitDone();
267 <                if (((s = status) & INTERNAL_SIGNAL_MASK) != 0)
268 <                    adjustPoolCountsOnUnblock(pool);
269 <                break;
270 <            }
271 <        }
272 <        return s;
219 >    private int setExceptionalCompletion(Throwable rex) {
220 >        exceptionMap.put(this, rex);
221 >        return setCompletion(EXCEPTIONAL);
222      }
223  
224      /**
225 <     * Timed version of awaitDone
277 <     * @return status upon exit
225 >     * Blocks a worker thread until completion. Called only by pool.
226       */
227 <    private int awaitDone(ForkJoinWorkerThread w, long nanos) {
280 <        ForkJoinPool pool = w == null? null : w.pool;
227 >    final void internalAwaitDone() {
228          int s;
229          while ((s = status) >= 0) {
230 <            if (casStatus(s, pool == null? s|EXTERNAL_SIGNAL : s+1)) {
231 <                long startTime = System.nanoTime();
232 <                if (pool == null || !pool.preJoin(this, false))
233 <                    doAwaitDone(startTime, nanos);
234 <                if ((s = status) >= 0) {
235 <                    adjustPoolCountsOnCancelledWait(pool);
236 <                    s = status;
230 >            synchronized(this) {
231 >                if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, statusOffset, s, s|SIGNAL)){
232 >                    do {
233 >                        try {
234 >                            wait();
235 >                        } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
236 >                            cancelIfTerminating();
237 >                        }
238 >                    } while (status >= 0);
239 >                    break;
240                  }
291                if (s < 0 && (s & INTERNAL_SIGNAL_MASK) != 0)
292                    adjustPoolCountsOnUnblock(pool);
293                break;
241              }
242          }
296        return s;
243      }
244  
245      /**
246 <     * Notify pool that thread is unblocked. Called by signalled
247 <     * threads when woken by non-FJ threads (which is atypical).
246 >     * Blocks a non-worker-thread until completion.
247 >     * @return status on exit
248       */
249 <    private void adjustPoolCountsOnUnblock(ForkJoinPool pool) {
249 >    private int externalAwaitDone() {
250          int s;
251 <        do;while ((s = status) < 0 && !casStatus(s, s & COMPLETION_MASK));
252 <        if (pool != null && (s &= INTERNAL_SIGNAL_MASK) != 0)
253 <            pool.updateRunningCount(s);
254 <    }
255 <
256 <    /**
257 <     * Notify pool to adjust counts on cancelled or timed out wait
258 <     */
259 <    private void adjustPoolCountsOnCancelledWait(ForkJoinPool pool) {
260 <        if (pool != null) {
261 <            int s;
262 <            while ((s = status) >= 0 && (s & INTERNAL_SIGNAL_MASK) != 0) {
263 <                if (casStatus(s, s - 1)) {
318 <                    pool.updateRunningCount(1);
251 >        while ((s = status) >= 0) {
252 >            synchronized(this) {
253 >                if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, statusOffset, s, s|SIGNAL)){
254 >                    boolean interrupted = false;
255 >                    do {
256 >                        try {
257 >                            wait();
258 >                        } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
259 >                            interrupted = true;
260 >                        }
261 >                    } while ((s = status) >= 0);
262 >                    if (interrupted)
263 >                        Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
264                      break;
265                  }
266              }
267          }
268 +        return s;
269      }
270  
271      /**
272 <     * Handle interruptions during waits.
273 <     */
328 <    private void onInterruptedWait() {
329 <        ForkJoinWorkerThread w = getWorker();
330 <        if (w == null)
331 <            Thread.currentThread().interrupt(); // re-interrupt
332 <        else if (w.isTerminating())
333 <            cancelIgnoringExceptions();
334 <        // else if FJworker, ignore interrupt
335 <    }
336 <
337 <    // Recording and reporting exceptions
338 <
339 <    private void setDoneExceptionally(Throwable rex) {
340 <        exceptionMap.put(this, rex);
341 <        setCompletion(EXCEPTIONAL);
342 <    }
343 <
344 <    /**
345 <     * Throws the exception associated with status s;
346 <     * @throws the exception
347 <     */
348 <    private void reportException(int s) {
349 <        if ((s &= COMPLETION_MASK) < NORMAL) {
350 <            if (s == CANCELLED)
351 <                throw new CancellationException();
352 <            else
353 <                rethrowException(exceptionMap.get(this));
354 <        }
355 <    }
356 <
357 <    /**
358 <     * Returns result or throws exception using j.u.c.Future conventions
359 <     * Only call when isDone known to be true.
360 <     */
361 <    private V reportFutureResult()
362 <        throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
363 <        int s = status & COMPLETION_MASK;
364 <        if (s < NORMAL) {
365 <            Throwable ex;
366 <            if (s == CANCELLED)
367 <                throw new CancellationException();
368 <            if (s == EXCEPTIONAL && (ex = exceptionMap.get(this)) != null)
369 <                throw new ExecutionException(ex);
370 <            if (Thread.interrupted())
371 <                throw new InterruptedException();
372 <        }
373 <        return getRawResult();
374 <    }
375 <
376 <    /**
377 <     * Returns result or throws exception using j.u.c.Future conventions
378 <     * with timeouts
379 <     */
380 <    private V reportTimedFutureResult()
381 <        throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
382 <        Throwable ex;
383 <        int s = status & COMPLETION_MASK;
384 <        if (s == NORMAL)
385 <            return getRawResult();
386 <        if (s == CANCELLED)
387 <            throw new CancellationException();
388 <        if (s == EXCEPTIONAL && (ex = exceptionMap.get(this)) != null)
389 <            throw new ExecutionException(ex);
390 <        if (Thread.interrupted())
391 <            throw new InterruptedException();
392 <        throw new TimeoutException();
393 <    }
394 <
395 <    // internal execution methods
396 <
397 <    /**
398 <     * Calls exec, recording completion, and rethrowing exception if
399 <     * encountered. Caller should normally check status before calling
400 <     * @return true if completed normally
272 >     * Unless done, calls exec and records status if completed, but
273 >     * doesn't wait for completion otherwise.
274       */
275 <    private boolean tryExec() {
276 <        try { // try block must contain only call to exec
277 <            if (!exec())
278 <                return false;
275 >    final void tryExec() {
276 >        try {
277 >            if (status < 0 || !exec())
278 >                return;
279          } catch (Throwable rex) {
280 <            setDoneExceptionally(rex);
281 <            rethrowException(rex);
409 <            return false; // not reached
280 >            setExceptionalCompletion(rex);
281 >            return;
282          }
283 <        setNormalCompletion();
412 <        return true;
283 >        setCompletion(NORMAL); // must be outside try block
284      }
285  
286      /**
287 <     * Main execution method used by worker threads. Invokes
288 <     * base computation unless already complete
287 >     * If not done and this task is next in worker queue, runs it,
288 >     * else waits for it.
289 >     * @return status on exit
290       */
291 <    final void quietlyExec() {
292 <        if (status >= 0) {
293 <            try {
294 <                if (!exec())
295 <                    return;
296 <            } catch(Throwable rex) {
297 <                setDoneExceptionally(rex);
298 <                return;
291 >    private int waitingJoin() {
292 >        int s = status;
293 >        if (s < 0)
294 >            return s;
295 >        Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
296 >        if (t instanceof ForkJoinWorkerThread) {
297 >            ForkJoinWorkerThread w = (ForkJoinWorkerThread) t;
298 >            if (w.unpushTask(this)) {
299 >                boolean completed;
300 >                try {
301 >                    completed = exec();
302 >                } catch (Throwable rex) {
303 >                    return setExceptionalCompletion(rex);
304 >                }
305 >                if (completed)
306 >                    return setCompletion(NORMAL);
307              }
308 <            setNormalCompletion();
308 >            return w.pool.awaitJoin(this);
309          }
310 +        else
311 +            return externalAwaitDone();
312      }
313  
314      /**
315 <     * Calls exec, recording but not rethrowing exception
316 <     * Caller should normally check status before calling
317 <     * @return true if completed normally
315 >     * Unless done, calls exec and records status if completed, or
316 >     * waits for completion otherwise.
317 >     * @return status on exit
318       */
319 <    private boolean tryQuietlyInvoke() {
319 >    private int waitingInvoke() {
320 >        int s = status;
321 >        if (s < 0)
322 >            return s;
323 >        boolean completed;
324          try {
325 <            if (!exec())
440 <                return false;
325 >            completed = exec();
326          } catch (Throwable rex) {
327 <            setDoneExceptionally(rex);
443 <            return false;
327 >            return setExceptionalCompletion(rex);
328          }
329 <        setNormalCompletion();
330 <        return true;
329 >        if (completed)
330 >            return setCompletion(NORMAL);
331 >        return waitingJoin();
332      }
333  
334      /**
335 <     * Cancel, ignoring any exceptions it throws
336 <     */
337 <    final void cancelIgnoringExceptions() {
338 <        try {
339 <            cancel(false);
340 <        } catch(Throwable ignore) {
335 >     * If this task is next in worker queue, runs it, else processes other
336 >     * tasks until complete.
337 >     * @return status on exit
338 >     */
339 >    private int busyJoin() {
340 >        int s = status;
341 >        if (s < 0)
342 >            return s;
343 >        ForkJoinWorkerThread w = (ForkJoinWorkerThread) Thread.currentThread();
344 >        if (w.unpushTask(this)) {
345 >            boolean completed;
346 >            try {
347 >                completed = exec();
348 >            } catch (Throwable rex) {
349 >                return setExceptionalCompletion(rex);
350 >            }
351 >            if (completed)
352 >                return setCompletion(NORMAL);
353          }
354 +        return w.execWhileJoining(this);
355      }
356  
357      /**
358 <     * Main implementation of helpJoin
358 >     * Returns result or throws exception associated with given status.
359 >     * @param s the status
360       */
361 <    private int busyJoin(ForkJoinWorkerThread w) {
362 <        int s;
363 <        ForkJoinTask<?> t;
364 <        while ((s = status) >= 0 && (t = w.scanWhileJoining(this)) != null)
365 <            t.quietlyExec();
467 <        return (s >= 0)? awaitDone(w, false) : s; // block if no work
361 >    private V reportResult(int s) {
362 >        Throwable ex;
363 >        if (s < NORMAL && (ex = getException()) != null)
364 >            UNSAFE.throwException(ex);
365 >        return getRawResult();
366      }
367  
368      // public methods
# Line 472 | Line 370 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
370      /**
371       * Arranges to asynchronously execute this task.  While it is not
372       * necessarily enforced, it is a usage error to fork a task more
373 <     * than once unless it has completed and been reinitialized.  This
374 <     * method may be invoked only from within ForkJoinTask
375 <     * computations. Attempts to invoke in other contexts result in
376 <     * exceptions or errors possibly including ClassCastException.
373 >     * than once unless it has completed and been reinitialized.
374 >     * Subsequent modifications to the state of this task or any data
375 >     * it operates on are not necessarily consistently observable by
376 >     * any thread other than the one executing it unless preceded by a
377 >     * call to {@link #join} or related methods, or a call to {@link
378 >     * #isDone} returning {@code true}.
379 >     *
380 >     * <p>This method may be invoked only from within {@code
381 >     * ForkJoinTask} computations (as may be determined using method
382 >     * {@link #inForkJoinPool}).  Attempts to invoke in other contexts
383 >     * result in exceptions or errors, possibly including {@code
384 >     * ClassCastException}.
385 >     *
386 >     * @return {@code this}, to simplify usage
387       */
388 <    public final void fork() {
389 <        ((ForkJoinWorkerThread)(Thread.currentThread())).pushTask(this);
388 >    public final ForkJoinTask<V> fork() {
389 >        ((ForkJoinWorkerThread) Thread.currentThread())
390 >            .pushTask(this);
391 >        return this;
392      }
393  
394      /**
395 <     * Returns the result of the computation when it is ready.
396 <     * This method differs from <code>get</code> in that abnormal
397 <     * completion results in RuntimeExceptions or Errors, not
398 <     * ExecutionExceptions.
395 >     * Returns the result of the computation when it {@link #isDone is done}.
396 >     * This method differs from {@link #get()} in that
397 >     * abnormal completion results in {@code RuntimeException} or
398 >     * {@code Error}, not {@code ExecutionException}.
399       *
400       * @return the computed result
401       */
402      public final V join() {
403 <        ForkJoinWorkerThread w = getWorker();
494 <        if (w == null || status < 0 || !w.unpushTask(this) || !tryExec())
495 <            reportException(awaitDone(w, true));
496 <        return getRawResult();
403 >        return reportResult(waitingJoin());
404      }
405  
406      /**
407       * Commences performing this task, awaits its completion if
408 <     * necessary, and return its result.
409 <     * @throws Throwable (a RuntimeException, Error, or unchecked
410 <     * exception) if the underlying computation did so.
408 >     * necessary, and return its result, or throws an (unchecked)
409 >     * exception if the underlying computation did so.
410 >     *
411       * @return the computed result
412       */
413      public final V invoke() {
414 <        if (status >= 0 && tryExec())
508 <            return getRawResult();
509 <        else
510 <            return join();
414 >        return reportResult(waitingInvoke());
415      }
416  
417      /**
418 <     * Forks both tasks, returning when <code>isDone</code> holds for
419 <     * both of them or an exception is encountered. This method may be
420 <     * invoked only from within ForkJoinTask computations. Attempts to
421 <     * invoke in other contexts result in exceptions or errors
422 <     * possibly including ClassCastException.
423 <     * @param t1 one task
424 <     * @param t2 the other task
425 <     * @throws NullPointerException if t1 or t2 are null
426 <     * @throws RuntimeException or Error if either task did so.
418 >     * Forks the given tasks, returning when {@code isDone} holds for
419 >     * each task or an (unchecked) exception is encountered, in which
420 >     * case the exception is rethrown.  If either task encounters an
421 >     * exception, the other one may be, but is not guaranteed to be,
422 >     * cancelled.  If both tasks throw an exception, then this method
423 >     * throws one of them.  The individual status of each task may be
424 >     * checked using {@link #getException()} and related methods.
425 >     *
426 >     * <p>This method may be invoked only from within {@code
427 >     * ForkJoinTask} computations (as may be determined using method
428 >     * {@link #inForkJoinPool}).  Attempts to invoke in other contexts
429 >     * result in exceptions or errors, possibly including {@code
430 >     * ClassCastException}.
431 >     *
432 >     * @param t1 the first task
433 >     * @param t2 the second task
434 >     * @throws NullPointerException if any task is null
435       */
436 <    public static void invokeAll(ForkJoinTask<?>t1, ForkJoinTask<?> t2) {
436 >    public static void invokeAll(ForkJoinTask<?> t1, ForkJoinTask<?> t2) {
437          t2.fork();
438          t1.invoke();
439          t2.join();
440      }
441  
442      /**
443 <     * Forks the given tasks, returning when <code>isDone</code> holds
444 <     * for all of them. If any task encounters an exception, others
445 <     * may be cancelled.  This method may be invoked only from within
446 <     * ForkJoinTask computations. Attempts to invoke in other contexts
447 <     * result in exceptions or errors possibly including ClassCastException.
448 <     * @param tasks the array of tasks
449 <     * @throws NullPointerException if tasks or any element are null.
450 <     * @throws RuntimeException or Error if any task did so.
443 >     * Forks the given tasks, returning when {@code isDone} holds for
444 >     * each task or an (unchecked) exception is encountered, in which
445 >     * case the exception is rethrown. If any task encounters an
446 >     * exception, others may be, but are not guaranteed to be,
447 >     * cancelled.  If more than one task encounters an exception, then
448 >     * this method throws any one of these exceptions.  The individual
449 >     * status of each task may be checked using {@link #getException()}
450 >     * and related methods.
451 >     *
452 >     * <p>This method may be invoked only from within {@code
453 >     * ForkJoinTask} computations (as may be determined using method
454 >     * {@link #inForkJoinPool}).  Attempts to invoke in other contexts
455 >     * result in exceptions or errors, possibly including {@code
456 >     * ClassCastException}.
457 >     *
458 >     * @param tasks the tasks
459 >     * @throws NullPointerException if any task is null
460       */
461      public static void invokeAll(ForkJoinTask<?>... tasks) {
462          Throwable ex = null;
# Line 548 | Line 469 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
469              }
470              else if (i != 0)
471                  t.fork();
472 <            else {
473 <                t.quietlyInvoke();
553 <                if (ex == null)
554 <                    ex = t.getException();
555 <            }
472 >            else if (t.waitingInvoke() < NORMAL && ex == null)
473 >                ex = t.getException();
474          }
475          for (int i = 1; i <= last; ++i) {
476              ForkJoinTask<?> t = tasks[i];
477              if (t != null) {
478                  if (ex != null)
479                      t.cancel(false);
480 <                else {
481 <                    t.quietlyJoin();
564 <                    if (ex == null)
565 <                        ex = t.getException();
566 <                }
480 >                else if (t.waitingJoin() < NORMAL && ex == null)
481 >                    ex = t.getException();
482              }
483          }
484          if (ex != null)
485 <            rethrowException(ex);
485 >            UNSAFE.throwException(ex);
486      }
487  
488      /**
489 <     * Forks all tasks in the collection, returning when
490 <     * <code>isDone</code> holds for all of them. If any task
491 <     * encounters an exception, others may be cancelled.  This method
492 <     * may be invoked only from within ForkJoinTask
493 <     * computations. Attempts to invoke in other contexts resul!t in
494 <     * exceptions or errors possibly including ClassCastException.
489 >     * Forks all tasks in the specified collection, returning when
490 >     * {@code isDone} holds for each task or an (unchecked) exception
491 >     * is encountered.  If any task encounters an exception, others
492 >     * may be, but are not guaranteed to be, cancelled.  If more than
493 >     * one task encounters an exception, then this method throws any
494 >     * one of these exceptions.  The individual status of each task
495 >     * may be checked using {@link #getException()} and related
496 >     * methods.  The behavior of this operation is undefined if the
497 >     * specified collection is modified while the operation is in
498 >     * progress.
499 >     *
500 >     * <p>This method may be invoked only from within {@code
501 >     * ForkJoinTask} computations (as may be determined using method
502 >     * {@link #inForkJoinPool}).  Attempts to invoke in other contexts
503 >     * result in exceptions or errors, possibly including {@code
504 >     * ClassCastException}.
505 >     *
506       * @param tasks the collection of tasks
507 <     * @throws NullPointerException if tasks or any element are null.
508 <     * @throws RuntimeException or Error if any task did so.
507 >     * @return the tasks argument, to simplify usage
508 >     * @throws NullPointerException if tasks or any element are null
509       */
510 <    public static void invokeAll(Collection<? extends ForkJoinTask<?>> tasks) {
511 <        if (!(tasks instanceof List)) {
512 <            invokeAll(tasks.toArray(new ForkJoinTask[tasks.size()]));
513 <            return;
510 >    public static <T extends ForkJoinTask<?>> Collection<T> invokeAll(Collection<T> tasks) {
511 >        if (!(tasks instanceof RandomAccess) || !(tasks instanceof List<?>)) {
512 >            invokeAll(tasks.toArray(new ForkJoinTask<?>[tasks.size()]));
513 >            return tasks;
514          }
515 +        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
516          List<? extends ForkJoinTask<?>> ts =
517 <            (List<? extends ForkJoinTask<?>>)tasks;
517 >            (List<? extends ForkJoinTask<?>>) tasks;
518          Throwable ex = null;
519          int last = ts.size() - 1;
520          for (int i = last; i >= 0; --i) {
# Line 598 | Line 525 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
525              }
526              else if (i != 0)
527                  t.fork();
528 <            else {
529 <                t.quietlyInvoke();
603 <                if (ex == null)
604 <                    ex = t.getException();
605 <            }
528 >            else if (t.waitingInvoke() < NORMAL && ex == null)
529 >                ex = t.getException();
530          }
531          for (int i = 1; i <= last; ++i) {
532              ForkJoinTask<?> t = ts.get(i);
533              if (t != null) {
534                  if (ex != null)
535                      t.cancel(false);
536 <                else {
537 <                    t.quietlyJoin();
614 <                    if (ex == null)
615 <                        ex = t.getException();
616 <                }
536 >                else if (t.waitingJoin() < NORMAL && ex == null)
537 >                    ex = t.getException();
538              }
539          }
540          if (ex != null)
541 <            rethrowException(ex);
542 <    }
622 <
623 <    /**
624 <     * Returns true if the computation performed by this task has
625 <     * completed (or has been cancelled).
626 <     * @return true if this computation has completed
627 <     */
628 <    public final boolean isDone() {
629 <        return status < 0;
541 >            UNSAFE.throwException(ex);
542 >        return tasks;
543      }
544  
545      /**
546 <     * Returns true if this task was cancelled.
547 <     * @return true if this task was cancelled
548 <     */
549 <    public final boolean isCancelled() {
550 <        return (status & COMPLETION_MASK) == CANCELLED;
551 <    }
552 <
640 <    /**
641 <     * Asserts that the results of this task's computation will not be
642 <     * used. If a cancellation occurs before atempting to execute this
643 <     * task, then execution will be suppressed, <code>isCancelled</code>
644 <     * will report true, and <code>join</code> will result in a
645 <     * <code>CancellationException</code> being thrown. Otherwise, when
646 <     * cancellation races with completion, there are no guarantees
647 <     * about whether <code>isCancelled</code> will report true, whether
648 <     * <code>join</code> will return normally or via an exception, or
649 <     * whether these behaviors will remain consistent upon repeated
650 <     * invocation.
546 >     * Attempts to cancel execution of this task. This attempt will
547 >     * fail if the task has already completed, has already been
548 >     * cancelled, or could not be cancelled for some other reason. If
549 >     * successful, and this task has not started when cancel is
550 >     * called, execution of this task is suppressed, {@link
551 >     * #isCancelled} will report true, and {@link #join} will result
552 >     * in a {@code CancellationException} being thrown.
553       *
554       * <p>This method may be overridden in subclasses, but if so, must
555       * still ensure that these minimal properties hold. In particular,
556 <     * the cancel method itself must not throw exceptions.
556 >     * the {@code cancel} method itself must not throw exceptions.
557       *
558 <     * <p> This method is designed to be invoked by <em>other</em>
558 >     * <p>This method is designed to be invoked by <em>other</em>
559       * tasks. To terminate the current task, you can just return or
560       * throw an unchecked exception from its computation method, or
561 <     * invoke <code>completeExceptionally</code>.
561 >     * invoke {@link #completeExceptionally}.
562       *
563       * @param mayInterruptIfRunning this value is ignored in the
564 <     * default implementation because tasks are not in general
565 <     * cancelled via interruption.
564 >     * default implementation because tasks are not
565 >     * cancelled via interruption
566       *
567 <     * @return true if this task is now cancelled
567 >     * @return {@code true} if this task is now cancelled
568       */
569      public boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning) {
570          setCompletion(CANCELLED);
# Line 670 | Line 572 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
572      }
573  
574      /**
575 <     * Returns true if this task threw an exception or was cancelled
576 <     * @return true if this task threw an exception or was cancelled
575 >     * Cancels, ignoring any exceptions it throws. Used during worker
576 >     * and pool shutdown.
577 >     */
578 >    final void cancelIgnoringExceptions() {
579 >        try {
580 >            cancel(false);
581 >        } catch (Throwable ignore) {
582 >        }
583 >    }
584 >
585 >    /**
586 >     * Cancels ignoring exceptions if worker is terminating
587 >     */
588 >    private void cancelIfTerminating() {
589 >        Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
590 >        if ((t instanceof ForkJoinWorkerThread) &&
591 >            ((ForkJoinWorkerThread) t).isTerminating()) {
592 >            try {
593 >                cancel(false);
594 >            } catch (Throwable ignore) {
595 >            }
596 >        }
597 >    }
598 >
599 >    public final boolean isDone() {
600 >        return status < 0;
601 >    }
602 >
603 >    public final boolean isCancelled() {
604 >        return (status & COMPLETION_MASK) == CANCELLED;
605 >    }
606 >
607 >    /**
608 >     * Returns {@code true} if this task threw an exception or was cancelled.
609 >     *
610 >     * @return {@code true} if this task threw an exception or was cancelled
611       */
612      public final boolean isCompletedAbnormally() {
613          return (status & COMPLETION_MASK) < NORMAL;
614      }
615  
616      /**
617 +     * Returns {@code true} if this task completed without throwing an
618 +     * exception and was not cancelled.
619 +     *
620 +     * @return {@code true} if this task completed without throwing an
621 +     * exception and was not cancelled
622 +     */
623 +    public final boolean isCompletedNormally() {
624 +        return (status & COMPLETION_MASK) == NORMAL;
625 +    }
626 +
627 +    /**
628       * Returns the exception thrown by the base computation, or a
629 <     * CancellationException if cancelled, or null if none or if the
630 <     * method has not yet completed.
631 <     * @return the exception, or null if none
629 >     * {@code CancellationException} if cancelled, or {@code null} if
630 >     * none or if the method has not yet completed.
631 >     *
632 >     * @return the exception, or {@code null} if none
633       */
634      public final Throwable getException() {
635          int s = status & COMPLETION_MASK;
636 <        if (s >= NORMAL)
637 <            return null;
638 <        if (s == CANCELLED)
691 <            return new CancellationException();
692 <        return exceptionMap.get(this);
636 >        return ((s >= NORMAL)    ? null :
637 >                (s == CANCELLED) ? new CancellationException() :
638 >                exceptionMap.get(this));
639      }
640  
641      /**
642       * Completes this task abnormally, and if not already aborted or
643       * cancelled, causes it to throw the given exception upon
644 <     * <code>join</code> and related operations. This method may be used
644 >     * {@code join} and related operations. This method may be used
645       * to induce exceptions in asynchronous tasks, or to force
646       * completion of tasks that would not otherwise complete.  Its use
647 <     * in other situations is likely to be wrong.  This method is
648 <     * overridable, but overridden versions must invoke <code>super</code>
647 >     * in other situations is discouraged.  This method is
648 >     * overridable, but overridden versions must invoke {@code super}
649       * implementation to maintain guarantees.
650       *
651 <     * @param ex the exception to throw. If this exception is
652 <     * not a RuntimeException or Error, the actual exception thrown
653 <     * will be a RuntimeException with cause ex.
651 >     * @param ex the exception to throw. If this exception is not a
652 >     * {@code RuntimeException} or {@code Error}, the actual exception
653 >     * thrown will be a {@code RuntimeException} with cause {@code ex}.
654       */
655      public void completeExceptionally(Throwable ex) {
656 <        setDoneExceptionally((ex instanceof RuntimeException) ||
657 <                             (ex instanceof Error)? ex :
658 <                             new RuntimeException(ex));
656 >        setExceptionalCompletion((ex instanceof RuntimeException) ||
657 >                                 (ex instanceof Error) ? ex :
658 >                                 new RuntimeException(ex));
659      }
660  
661      /**
662       * Completes this task, and if not already aborted or cancelled,
663 <     * returning a <code>null</code> result upon <code>join</code> and related
663 >     * returning a {@code null} result upon {@code join} and related
664       * operations. This method may be used to provide results for
665       * asynchronous tasks, or to provide alternative handling for
666       * tasks that would not otherwise complete normally. Its use in
667 <     * other situations is likely to be wrong. This method is
668 <     * overridable, but overridden versions must invoke <code>super</code>
667 >     * other situations is discouraged. This method is
668 >     * overridable, but overridden versions must invoke {@code super}
669       * implementation to maintain guarantees.
670       *
671 <     * @param value the result value for this task.
671 >     * @param value the result value for this task
672       */
673      public void complete(V value) {
674          try {
675              setRawResult(value);
676 <        } catch(Throwable rex) {
677 <            setDoneExceptionally(rex);
676 >        } catch (Throwable rex) {
677 >            setExceptionalCompletion(rex);
678              return;
679          }
680 <        setNormalCompletion();
680 >        setCompletion(NORMAL);
681      }
682  
683      public final V get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
684 <        ForkJoinWorkerThread w = getWorker();
685 <        if (w == null || status < 0 || !w.unpushTask(this) || !tryQuietlyInvoke())
686 <            awaitDone(w, true);
687 <        return reportFutureResult();
684 >        int s = waitingJoin() & COMPLETION_MASK;
685 >        if (Thread.interrupted())
686 >            throw new InterruptedException();
687 >        if (s < NORMAL) {
688 >            Throwable ex;
689 >            if (s == CANCELLED)
690 >                throw new CancellationException();
691 >            if (s == EXCEPTIONAL && (ex = exceptionMap.get(this)) != null)
692 >                throw new ExecutionException(ex);
693 >        }
694 >        return getRawResult();
695      }
696  
697      public final V get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
698          throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
699 <        ForkJoinWorkerThread w = getWorker();
700 <        if (w == null || status < 0 || !w.unpushTask(this) || !tryQuietlyInvoke())
701 <            awaitDone(w, unit.toNanos(timeout));
702 <        return reportTimedFutureResult();
699 >        Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
700 >        ForkJoinPool pool;
701 >        if (t instanceof ForkJoinWorkerThread) {
702 >            ForkJoinWorkerThread w = (ForkJoinWorkerThread) t;
703 >            if (status >= 0 && w.unpushTask(this))
704 >                tryExec();
705 >            pool = w.pool;
706 >        }
707 >        else
708 >            pool = null;
709 >        /*
710 >         * Timed wait loop intermixes cases for fj (pool != null) and
711 >         * non FJ threads. For FJ, decrement pool count but don't try
712 >         * for replacement; increment count on completion. For non-FJ,
713 >         * deal with interrupts. This is messy, but a little less so
714 >         * than is splitting the FJ and nonFJ cases.
715 >         */
716 >        boolean interrupted = false;
717 >        boolean dec = false; // true if pool count decremented
718 >        for (;;) {
719 >            if (Thread.interrupted() && pool == null) {
720 >                interrupted = true;
721 >                break;
722 >            }
723 >            int s = status;
724 >            if (s < 0)
725 >                break;
726 >            if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, statusOffset,
727 >                                         s, s | SIGNAL)) {
728 >                long startTime = System.nanoTime();
729 >                long nanos = unit.toNanos(timeout);
730 >                long nt; // wait time
731 >                while (status >= 0 &&
732 >                       (nt = nanos - (System.nanoTime() - startTime)) > 0) {
733 >                    if (pool != null && !dec)
734 >                        dec = pool.tryDecrementRunningCount();
735 >                    else {
736 >                        long ms = nt / 1000000;
737 >                        int ns = (int) (nt % 1000000);
738 >                        try {
739 >                            synchronized(this) {
740 >                                if (status >= 0)
741 >                                    wait(ms, ns);
742 >                            }
743 >                        } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
744 >                            if (pool != null)
745 >                                cancelIfTerminating();
746 >                            else {
747 >                                interrupted = true;
748 >                                break;
749 >                            }
750 >                        }
751 >                    }
752 >                }
753 >                break;
754 >            }
755 >        }
756 >        if (pool != null && dec)
757 >            pool.updateRunningCount(1);
758 >        if (interrupted)
759 >            throw new InterruptedException();
760 >        int es = status & COMPLETION_MASK;
761 >        if (es != NORMAL) {
762 >            Throwable ex;
763 >            if (es == CANCELLED)
764 >                throw new CancellationException();
765 >            if (es == EXCEPTIONAL && (ex = exceptionMap.get(this)) != null)
766 >                throw new ExecutionException(ex);
767 >            throw new TimeoutException();
768 >        }
769 >        return getRawResult();
770      }
771  
772      /**
773 <     * Possibly executes other tasks until this task is ready, then
774 <     * returns the result of the computation.  This method may be more
775 <     * efficient than <code>join</code>, but is only applicable when
776 <     * there are no potemtial dependencies between continuation of the
777 <     * current task and that of any other task that might be executed
778 <     * while helping. (This usually holds for pure divide-and-conquer
779 <     * tasks). This method may be invoked only from within
780 <     * ForkJoinTask computations. Attempts to invoke in other contexts
781 <     * resul!t in exceptions or errors possibly including ClassCastException.
773 >     * Possibly executes other tasks until this task {@link #isDone is
774 >     * done}, then returns the result of the computation.  This method
775 >     * may be more efficient than {@code join}, but is only applicable
776 >     * when there are no potential dependencies between continuation
777 >     * of the current task and that of any other task that might be
778 >     * executed while helping. (This usually holds for pure
779 >     * divide-and-conquer tasks).
780 >     *
781 >     * <p>This method may be invoked only from within {@code
782 >     * ForkJoinTask} computations (as may be determined using method
783 >     * {@link #inForkJoinPool}).  Attempts to invoke in other contexts
784 >     * result in exceptions or errors, possibly including {@code
785 >     * ClassCastException}.
786 >     *
787       * @return the computed result
788       */
789      public final V helpJoin() {
790 <        ForkJoinWorkerThread w = (ForkJoinWorkerThread)(Thread.currentThread());
766 <        if (status < 0 || !w.unpushTask(this) || !tryExec())
767 <            reportException(busyJoin(w));
768 <        return getRawResult();
790 >        return reportResult(busyJoin());
791      }
792  
793      /**
794 <     * Possibly executes other tasks until this task is ready.  This
795 <     * method may be invoked only from within ForkJoinTask
796 <     * computations. Attempts to invoke in other contexts resul!t in
797 <     * exceptions or errors possibly including ClassCastException.
794 >     * Possibly executes other tasks until this task {@link #isDone is
795 >     * done}.  This method may be useful when processing collections
796 >     * of tasks when some have been cancelled or otherwise known to
797 >     * have aborted.
798 >     *
799 >     * <p>This method may be invoked only from within {@code
800 >     * ForkJoinTask} computations (as may be determined using method
801 >     * {@link #inForkJoinPool}).  Attempts to invoke in other contexts
802 >     * result in exceptions or errors, possibly including {@code
803 >     * ClassCastException}.
804       */
805      public final void quietlyHelpJoin() {
806 <        if (status >= 0) {
779 <            ForkJoinWorkerThread w =
780 <                (ForkJoinWorkerThread)(Thread.currentThread());
781 <            if (!w.unpushTask(this) || !tryQuietlyInvoke())
782 <                busyJoin(w);
783 <        }
806 >        busyJoin();
807      }
808  
809      /**
# Line 790 | Line 813 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
813       * known to have aborted.
814       */
815      public final void quietlyJoin() {
816 <        if (status >= 0) {
794 <            ForkJoinWorkerThread w = getWorker();
795 <            if (w == null || !w.unpushTask(this) || !tryQuietlyInvoke())
796 <                awaitDone(w, true);
797 <        }
816 >        waitingJoin();
817      }
818  
819      /**
# Line 805 | Line 824 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
824       * known to have aborted.
825       */
826      public final void quietlyInvoke() {
827 <        if (status >= 0 && !tryQuietlyInvoke())
809 <            quietlyJoin();
827 >        waitingInvoke();
828      }
829  
830      /**
831       * Possibly executes tasks until the pool hosting the current task
832 <     * {@link ForkJoinPool#isQuiescent}. This method may be of use in
833 <     * designs in which many tasks are forked, but none are explicitly
834 <     * joined, instead executing them until all are processed.
832 >     * {@link ForkJoinPool#isQuiescent is quiescent}. This method may
833 >     * be of use in designs in which many tasks are forked, but none
834 >     * are explicitly joined, instead executing them until all are
835 >     * processed.
836 >     *
837 >     * <p>This method may be invoked only from within {@code
838 >     * ForkJoinTask} computations (as may be determined using method
839 >     * {@link #inForkJoinPool}).  Attempts to invoke in other contexts
840 >     * result in exceptions or errors, possibly including {@code
841 >     * ClassCastException}.
842       */
843      public static void helpQuiesce() {
844 <        ((ForkJoinWorkerThread)(Thread.currentThread())).
845 <            helpQuiescePool();
844 >        ((ForkJoinWorkerThread) Thread.currentThread())
845 >            .helpQuiescePool();
846      }
847  
848      /**
849       * Resets the internal bookkeeping state of this task, allowing a
850 <     * subsequent <code>fork</code>. This method allows repeated reuse of
850 >     * subsequent {@code fork}. This method allows repeated reuse of
851       * this task, but only if reuse occurs when this task has either
852       * never been forked, or has been forked, then completed and all
853       * outstanding joins of this task have also completed. Effects
854 <     * under any other usage conditions are not guaranteed, and are
855 <     * almost surely wrong. This method may be useful when executing
854 >     * under any other usage conditions are not guaranteed.
855 >     * This method may be useful when executing
856       * pre-constructed trees of subtasks in loops.
857       */
858      public void reinitialize() {
# Line 838 | Line 863 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
863  
864      /**
865       * Returns the pool hosting the current task execution, or null
866 <     * if this task is executing outside of any pool.
867 <     * @return the pool, or null if none.
866 >     * if this task is executing outside of any ForkJoinPool.
867 >     *
868 >     * @see #inForkJoinPool
869 >     * @return the pool, or {@code null} if none
870       */
871      public static ForkJoinPool getPool() {
872          Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
873 <        return ((t instanceof ForkJoinWorkerThread)?
874 <                ((ForkJoinWorkerThread)t).pool : null);
873 >        return (t instanceof ForkJoinWorkerThread) ?
874 >            ((ForkJoinWorkerThread) t).pool : null;
875 >    }
876 >
877 >    /**
878 >     * Returns {@code true} if the current thread is executing as a
879 >     * ForkJoinPool computation.
880 >     *
881 >     * @return {@code true} if the current thread is executing as a
882 >     * ForkJoinPool computation, or false otherwise
883 >     */
884 >    public static boolean inForkJoinPool() {
885 >        return Thread.currentThread() instanceof ForkJoinWorkerThread;
886      }
887  
888      /**
# Line 853 | Line 891 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
891       * by the current thread, and has not commenced executing in
892       * another thread.  This method may be useful when arranging
893       * alternative local processing of tasks that could have been, but
894 <     * were not, stolen. This method may be invoked only from within
895 <     * ForkJoinTask computations. Attempts to invoke in other contexts
896 <     * result in exceptions or errors possibly including ClassCastException.
897 <     * @return true if unforked
894 >     * were not, stolen.
895 >     *
896 >     * <p>This method may be invoked only from within {@code
897 >     * ForkJoinTask} computations (as may be determined using method
898 >     * {@link #inForkJoinPool}).  Attempts to invoke in other contexts
899 >     * result in exceptions or errors, possibly including {@code
900 >     * ClassCastException}.
901 >     *
902 >     * @return {@code true} if unforked
903       */
904      public boolean tryUnfork() {
905 <        return ((ForkJoinWorkerThread)(Thread.currentThread())).unpushTask(this);
905 >        return ((ForkJoinWorkerThread) Thread.currentThread())
906 >            .unpushTask(this);
907      }
908  
909      /**
# Line 867 | Line 911 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
911       * forked by the current worker thread but not yet executed. This
912       * value may be useful for heuristic decisions about whether to
913       * fork other tasks.
914 +     *
915 +     * <p>This method may be invoked only from within {@code
916 +     * ForkJoinTask} computations (as may be determined using method
917 +     * {@link #inForkJoinPool}).  Attempts to invoke in other contexts
918 +     * result in exceptions or errors, possibly including {@code
919 +     * ClassCastException}.
920 +     *
921       * @return the number of tasks
922       */
923      public static int getQueuedTaskCount() {
924 <        return ((ForkJoinWorkerThread)(Thread.currentThread())).
925 <            getQueueSize();
924 >        return ((ForkJoinWorkerThread) Thread.currentThread())
925 >            .getQueueSize();
926      }
927  
928      /**
929 <     * Returns a estimate of how many more locally queued tasks are
929 >     * Returns an estimate of how many more locally queued tasks are
930       * held by the current worker thread than there are other worker
931       * threads that might steal them.  This value may be useful for
932       * heuristic decisions about whether to fork other tasks. In many
# Line 883 | Line 934 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
934       * aim to maintain a small constant surplus (for example, 3) of
935       * tasks, and to process computations locally if this threshold is
936       * exceeded.
937 +     *
938 +     * <p>This method may be invoked only from within {@code
939 +     * ForkJoinTask} computations (as may be determined using method
940 +     * {@link #inForkJoinPool}).  Attempts to invoke in other contexts
941 +     * result in exceptions or errors, possibly including {@code
942 +     * ClassCastException}.
943 +     *
944       * @return the surplus number of tasks, which may be negative
945       */
946      public static int getSurplusQueuedTaskCount() {
947 <        return ((ForkJoinWorkerThread)(Thread.currentThread()))
947 >        return ((ForkJoinWorkerThread) Thread.currentThread())
948              .getEstimatedSurplusTaskCount();
949      }
950  
951      // Extension methods
952  
953      /**
954 <     * Returns the result that would be returned by <code>join</code>,
955 <     * even if this task completed abnormally, or null if this task is
956 <     * not known to have been completed.  This method is designed to
957 <     * aid debugging, as well as to support extensions. Its use in any
958 <     * other context is discouraged.
954 >     * Returns the result that would be returned by {@link #join}, even
955 >     * if this task completed abnormally, or {@code null} if this task
956 >     * is not known to have been completed.  This method is designed
957 >     * to aid debugging, as well as to support extensions. Its use in
958 >     * any other context is discouraged.
959       *
960 <     * @return the result, or null if not completed.
960 >     * @return the result, or {@code null} if not completed
961       */
962      public abstract V getRawResult();
963  
# Line 918 | Line 976 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
976       * called otherwise. The return value controls whether this task
977       * is considered to be done normally. It may return false in
978       * asynchronous actions that require explicit invocations of
979 <     * <code>complete</code> to become joinable. It may throw exceptions
980 <     * to indicate abnormal exit.
981 <     * @return true if completed normally
982 <     * @throws Error or RuntimeException if encountered during computation
979 >     * {@link #complete} to become joinable. It may also throw an
980 >     * (unchecked) exception to indicate abnormal exit.
981 >     *
982 >     * @return {@code true} if completed normally
983       */
984      protected abstract boolean exec();
985  
986      /**
987 <     * Returns, but does not unschedule or execute, the task most
988 <     * recently forked by the current thread but not yet executed, if
989 <     * one is available. There is no guarantee that this task will
990 <     * actually be polled or executed next.
991 <     * This method is designed primarily to support extensions,
992 <     * and is unlikely to be useful otherwise.
993 <     * This method may be invoked only from within
994 <     * ForkJoinTask computations. Attempts to invoke in other contexts
995 <     * result in exceptions or errors possibly including ClassCastException.
987 >     * Returns, but does not unschedule or execute, a task queued by
988 >     * the current thread but not yet executed, if one is immediately
989 >     * available. There is no guarantee that this task will actually
990 >     * be polled or executed next. Conversely, this method may return
991 >     * null even if a task exists but cannot be accessed without
992 >     * contention with other threads.  This method is designed
993 >     * primarily to support extensions, and is unlikely to be useful
994 >     * otherwise.
995 >     *
996 >     * <p>This method may be invoked only from within {@code
997 >     * ForkJoinTask} computations (as may be determined using method
998 >     * {@link #inForkJoinPool}).  Attempts to invoke in other contexts
999 >     * result in exceptions or errors, possibly including {@code
1000 >     * ClassCastException}.
1001       *
1002 <     * @return the next task, or null if none are available
1002 >     * @return the next task, or {@code null} if none are available
1003       */
1004      protected static ForkJoinTask<?> peekNextLocalTask() {
1005 <        return ((ForkJoinWorkerThread)(Thread.currentThread())).peekTask();
1005 >        return ((ForkJoinWorkerThread) Thread.currentThread())
1006 >            .peekTask();
1007      }
1008  
1009      /**
1010 <     * Unschedules and returns, without executing, the task most
1011 <     * recently forked by the current thread but not yet executed.
1012 <     * This method is designed primarily to support extensions,
1013 <     * and is unlikely to be useful otherwise.
950 <     * This method may be invoked only from within
951 <     * ForkJoinTask computations. Attempts to invoke in other contexts
952 <     * result in exceptions or errors possibly including ClassCastException.
1010 >     * Unschedules and returns, without executing, the next task
1011 >     * queued by the current thread but not yet executed.  This method
1012 >     * is designed primarily to support extensions, and is unlikely to
1013 >     * be useful otherwise.
1014       *
1015 <     * @return the next task, or null if none are available
1015 >     * <p>This method may be invoked only from within {@code
1016 >     * ForkJoinTask} computations (as may be determined using method
1017 >     * {@link #inForkJoinPool}).  Attempts to invoke in other contexts
1018 >     * result in exceptions or errors, possibly including {@code
1019 >     * ClassCastException}.
1020 >     *
1021 >     * @return the next task, or {@code null} if none are available
1022       */
1023      protected static ForkJoinTask<?> pollNextLocalTask() {
1024 <        return ((ForkJoinWorkerThread)(Thread.currentThread())).popTask();
1024 >        return ((ForkJoinWorkerThread) Thread.currentThread())
1025 >            .pollLocalTask();
1026      }
1027  
1028      /**
1029 <     * Unschedules and returns, without executing, the task most
1030 <     * recently forked by the current thread but not yet executed, if
1031 <     * one is available, or if not available, a task that was forked
1032 <     * by some other thread, if available. Availability may be
1033 <     * transient, so a <code>null</code> result does not necessarily
1034 <     * imply quiecence of the pool this task is operating in.
1035 <     * This method is designed primarily to support extensions,
1036 <     * and is unlikely to be useful otherwise.
1037 <     * This method may be invoked only from within
1038 <     * ForkJoinTask computations. Attempts to invoke in other contexts
1039 <     * result in exceptions or errors possibly including ClassCastException.
1029 >     * Unschedules and returns, without executing, the next task
1030 >     * queued by the current thread but not yet executed, if one is
1031 >     * available, or if not available, a task that was forked by some
1032 >     * other thread, if available. Availability may be transient, so a
1033 >     * {@code null} result does not necessarily imply quiescence
1034 >     * of the pool this task is operating in.  This method is designed
1035 >     * primarily to support extensions, and is unlikely to be useful
1036 >     * otherwise.
1037 >     *
1038 >     * <p>This method may be invoked only from within {@code
1039 >     * ForkJoinTask} computations (as may be determined using method
1040 >     * {@link #inForkJoinPool}).  Attempts to invoke in other contexts
1041 >     * result in exceptions or errors, possibly including {@code
1042 >     * ClassCastException}.
1043       *
1044 <     * @return a task, or null if none are available
1044 >     * @return a task, or {@code null} if none are available
1045       */
1046      protected static ForkJoinTask<?> pollTask() {
1047 <        return ((ForkJoinWorkerThread)(Thread.currentThread())).
1048 <            pollTask();
1047 >        return ((ForkJoinWorkerThread) Thread.currentThread())
1048 >            .pollTask();
1049 >    }
1050 >
1051 >    /**
1052 >     * Adaptor for Runnables. This implements RunnableFuture
1053 >     * to be compliant with AbstractExecutorService constraints
1054 >     * when used in ForkJoinPool.
1055 >     */
1056 >    static final class AdaptedRunnable<T> extends ForkJoinTask<T>
1057 >        implements RunnableFuture<T> {
1058 >        final Runnable runnable;
1059 >        final T resultOnCompletion;
1060 >        T result;
1061 >        AdaptedRunnable(Runnable runnable, T result) {
1062 >            if (runnable == null) throw new NullPointerException();
1063 >            this.runnable = runnable;
1064 >            this.resultOnCompletion = result;
1065 >        }
1066 >        public T getRawResult() { return result; }
1067 >        public void setRawResult(T v) { result = v; }
1068 >        public boolean exec() {
1069 >            runnable.run();
1070 >            result = resultOnCompletion;
1071 >            return true;
1072 >        }
1073 >        public void run() { invoke(); }
1074 >        private static final long serialVersionUID = 5232453952276885070L;
1075 >    }
1076 >
1077 >    /**
1078 >     * Adaptor for Callables
1079 >     */
1080 >    static final class AdaptedCallable<T> extends ForkJoinTask<T>
1081 >        implements RunnableFuture<T> {
1082 >        final Callable<? extends T> callable;
1083 >        T result;
1084 >        AdaptedCallable(Callable<? extends T> callable) {
1085 >            if (callable == null) throw new NullPointerException();
1086 >            this.callable = callable;
1087 >        }
1088 >        public T getRawResult() { return result; }
1089 >        public void setRawResult(T v) { result = v; }
1090 >        public boolean exec() {
1091 >            try {
1092 >                result = callable.call();
1093 >                return true;
1094 >            } catch (Error err) {
1095 >                throw err;
1096 >            } catch (RuntimeException rex) {
1097 >                throw rex;
1098 >            } catch (Exception ex) {
1099 >                throw new RuntimeException(ex);
1100 >            }
1101 >        }
1102 >        public void run() { invoke(); }
1103 >        private static final long serialVersionUID = 2838392045355241008L;
1104 >    }
1105 >
1106 >    /**
1107 >     * Returns a new {@code ForkJoinTask} that performs the {@code run}
1108 >     * method of the given {@code Runnable} as its action, and returns
1109 >     * a null result upon {@link #join}.
1110 >     *
1111 >     * @param runnable the runnable action
1112 >     * @return the task
1113 >     */
1114 >    public static ForkJoinTask<?> adapt(Runnable runnable) {
1115 >        return new AdaptedRunnable<Void>(runnable, null);
1116 >    }
1117 >
1118 >    /**
1119 >     * Returns a new {@code ForkJoinTask} that performs the {@code run}
1120 >     * method of the given {@code Runnable} as its action, and returns
1121 >     * the given result upon {@link #join}.
1122 >     *
1123 >     * @param runnable the runnable action
1124 >     * @param result the result upon completion
1125 >     * @return the task
1126 >     */
1127 >    public static <T> ForkJoinTask<T> adapt(Runnable runnable, T result) {
1128 >        return new AdaptedRunnable<T>(runnable, result);
1129 >    }
1130 >
1131 >    /**
1132 >     * Returns a new {@code ForkJoinTask} that performs the {@code call}
1133 >     * method of the given {@code Callable} as its action, and returns
1134 >     * its result upon {@link #join}, translating any checked exceptions
1135 >     * encountered into {@code RuntimeException}.
1136 >     *
1137 >     * @param callable the callable action
1138 >     * @return the task
1139 >     */
1140 >    public static <T> ForkJoinTask<T> adapt(Callable<? extends T> callable) {
1141 >        return new AdaptedCallable<T>(callable);
1142      }
1143  
1144      // Serialization support
# Line 982 | Line 1146 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
1146      private static final long serialVersionUID = -7721805057305804111L;
1147  
1148      /**
1149 <     * Save the state to a stream.
1149 >     * Saves the state to a stream.
1150       *
1151       * @serialData the current run status and the exception thrown
1152 <     * during execution, or null if none.
1152 >     * during execution, or {@code null} if none
1153       * @param s the stream
1154       */
1155      private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s)
# Line 995 | Line 1159 | public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> im
1159      }
1160  
1161      /**
1162 <     * Reconstitute the instance from a stream.
1162 >     * Reconstitutes the instance from a stream.
1163 >     *
1164       * @param s the stream
1165       */
1166      private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s)
1167          throws java.io.IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
1168          s.defaultReadObject();
1169 <        status &= ~INTERNAL_SIGNAL_MASK; // clear internal signal counts
1005 <        status |= EXTERNAL_SIGNAL; // conservatively set external signal
1169 >        status |= SIGNAL; // conservatively set external signal
1170          Object ex = s.readObject();
1171          if (ex != null)
1172 <            setDoneExceptionally((Throwable)ex);
1172 >            setExceptionalCompletion((Throwable) ex);
1173      }
1174  
1175 <    // Temporary Unsafe mechanics for preliminary release
1175 >    // Unsafe mechanics
1176  
1177 <    static final Unsafe _unsafe;
1178 <    static final long statusOffset;
1177 >    private static final sun.misc.Unsafe UNSAFE = getUnsafe();
1178 >    private static final long statusOffset =
1179 >        objectFieldOffset("status", ForkJoinTask.class);
1180  
1181 <    static {
1181 >    private static long objectFieldOffset(String field, Class<?> klazz) {
1182          try {
1183 <            if (ForkJoinTask.class.getClassLoader() != null) {
1184 <                Field f = Unsafe.class.getDeclaredField("theUnsafe");
1185 <                f.setAccessible(true);
1186 <                _unsafe = (Unsafe)f.get(null);
1187 <            }
1188 <            else
1189 <                _unsafe = Unsafe.getUnsafe();
1025 <            statusOffset = _unsafe.objectFieldOffset
1026 <                (ForkJoinTask.class.getDeclaredField("status"));
1027 <        } catch (Exception ex) { throw new Error(ex); }
1183 >            return UNSAFE.objectFieldOffset(klazz.getDeclaredField(field));
1184 >        } catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
1185 >            // Convert Exception to corresponding Error
1186 >            NoSuchFieldError error = new NoSuchFieldError(field);
1187 >            error.initCause(e);
1188 >            throw error;
1189 >        }
1190      }
1191  
1192 +    /**
1193 +     * Returns a sun.misc.Unsafe.  Suitable for use in a 3rd party package.
1194 +     * Replace with a simple call to Unsafe.getUnsafe when integrating
1195 +     * into a jdk.
1196 +     *
1197 +     * @return a sun.misc.Unsafe
1198 +     */
1199 +    private static sun.misc.Unsafe getUnsafe() {
1200 +        try {
1201 +            return sun.misc.Unsafe.getUnsafe();
1202 +        } catch (SecurityException se) {
1203 +            try {
1204 +                return java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged
1205 +                    (new java.security
1206 +                     .PrivilegedExceptionAction<sun.misc.Unsafe>() {
1207 +                        public sun.misc.Unsafe run() throws Exception {
1208 +                            java.lang.reflect.Field f = sun.misc
1209 +                                .Unsafe.class.getDeclaredField("theUnsafe");
1210 +                            f.setAccessible(true);
1211 +                            return (sun.misc.Unsafe) f.get(null);
1212 +                        }});
1213 +            } catch (java.security.PrivilegedActionException e) {
1214 +                throw new RuntimeException("Could not initialize intrinsics",
1215 +                                           e.getCause());
1216 +            }
1217 +        }
1218 +    }
1219   }

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