Registration. Unlike the case for other barriers, the + * number of parties registered to synchronize on a phaser + * may vary over time. Tasks may be registered at any time (using + * methods {@link #register}, {@link #bulkRegister}, or forms of + * constructors establishing initial numbers of parties), and + * optionally deregistered upon any arrival (using {@link * #arriveAndDeregister}). As is the case with most basic * synchronization constructs, registration and deregistration affect * only internal counts; they do not establish any further internal - * bookkeeping, so tasks cannot query whether they are - * registered. (However, you can introduce such bookkeeping by - * subclassing this class.) - * - *
Synchronization. Like a {@code CyclicBarrier}, a {@code + * Phaser} may be repeatedly awaited. Method {@link + * #arriveAndAwaitAdvance} has effect analogous to {@link + * java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier#await CyclicBarrier.await}. Each + * generation of a {@code Phaser} has an associated phase number. The + * phase number starts at zero, and advances when all parties arrive + * at the barrier, wrapping around to zero after reaching {@code + * Integer.MAX_VALUE}. The use of phase numbers enables independent + * control of actions upon arrival at a barrier and upon awaiting + * others, via two kinds of methods that may be invoked by any + * registered party: * *
Termination. A {@code Phaser} may enter a + * termination state in which all synchronization methods + * immediately return without updating phaser state or waiting for + * advance, and indicating (via a negative phase value) that execution + * is complete. Termination is triggered when an invocation of {@code + * onAdvance} returns {@code true}. As illustrated below, when + * phasers control actions with a fixed number of iterations, it is * often convenient to override this method to cause termination when * the current phase number reaches a threshold. Method {@link * #forceTermination} is also available to abruptly release waiting * threads and allow them to terminate. * - *
Tiering. Phasers may be tiered (i.e., arranged + * in tree structures) to reduce contention. Phasers with large * numbers of parties that would otherwise experience heavy - * synchronization contention costs may instead be arranged in trees. - * This will typically greatly increase throughput even though it - * incurs somewhat greater per-operation overhead. - * - *
Monitoring. While synchronization methods may be invoked + * only by registered parties, the current state of a phaser may be + * monitored by any caller. At any given moment there are {@link + * #getRegisteredParties} parties in total, of which {@link + * #getArrivedParties} have arrived at the current phase ({@link + * #getPhase}). When the remaining ({@link #getUnarrivedParties}) + * parties arrive, the phase advances. The values returned by these + * methods may reflect transient states and so are not in general + * useful for synchronization control. Method {@link #toString} + * returns snapshots of these state queries in a form convenient for + * informal monitoring. * *
Sample usages: * @@ -123,7 +137,7 @@ import java.util.concurrent.locks.LockSu *
{@code
* void startTasks(List tasks, final int iterations) {
* final Phaser phaser = new Phaser() {
- * public boolean onAdvance(int phase, int registeredParties) {
+ * protected boolean onAdvance(int phase, int registeredParties) {
* return phase >= iterations || registeredParties == 0;
* }
* };
@@ -142,6 +156,33 @@ import java.util.concurrent.locks.LockSu
* phaser.arriveAndDeregister(); // deregister self, don't wait
* }}
*
+ * If the main task must later await termination, it
+ * may re-register and then execute a similar loop:
+ * {@code
+ * // ...
+ * phaser.register();
+ * while (!phaser.isTerminated())
+ * phaser.arriveAndAwaitAdvance();
+ * }
+ *
+ * Related constructions may be used to await particular phase numbers
+ * in contexts where you are sure that the phase will never wrap around
+ * {@code Integer.MAX_VALUE}. For example:
+ *
+ * {@code
+ * void awaitPhase(Phaser phaser, int phase) {
+ * int p = phaser.register(); // assumes caller not already registered
+ * while (p < phase) {
+ * if (phaser.isTerminated())
+ * // ... deal with unexpected termination
+ * else
+ * p = phaser.arriveAndAwaitAdvance();
+ * }
+ * phaser.arriveAndDeregister();
+ * }
+ * }
+ *
+ *
* To create a set of tasks using a tree of phasers, * you could use code of the following form, assuming a * Task class with a constructor accepting a phaser that @@ -208,7 +249,6 @@ public class Phaser { */ private volatile long state; - private static final int ushortBits = 16; private static final int ushortMask = 0xffff; private static final int phaseMask = 0x7fffffff; @@ -418,7 +458,9 @@ public class Phaser { /** * Arrives at the barrier, but does not wait for others. (You can - * in turn wait for others via {@link #awaitAdvance}). + * in turn wait for others via {@link #awaitAdvance}). It is an + * unenforced usage error for an unregistered party to invoke this + * method. * * @return the arrival phase number, or a negative value if terminated * @throws IllegalStateException if not terminated and the number @@ -470,7 +512,8 @@ public class Phaser { * required to trip the barrier in future phases. If this phaser * has a parent, and deregistration causes this phaser to have * zero parties, this phaser also arrives at and is deregistered - * from its parent. + * from its parent. It is an unenforced usage error for an + * unregistered party to invoke this method. * * @return the arrival phase number, or a negative value if terminated * @throws IllegalStateException if not terminated and the number @@ -526,7 +569,8 @@ public class Phaser { * interruption or timeout, you can arrange this with an analogous * construction using one of the other forms of the awaitAdvance * method. If instead you need to deregister upon arrival use - * {@code arriveAndDeregister}. + * {@code arriveAndDeregister}. It is an unenforced usage error + * for an unregistered party to invoke this method. * * @return the arrival phase number, or a negative number if terminated * @throws IllegalStateException if not terminated and the number @@ -540,7 +584,8 @@ public class Phaser { * Awaits the phase of the barrier to advance from the given phase * value, returning immediately if the current phase of the * barrier is not equal to the given phase value or this barrier - * is terminated. + * is terminated. It is an unenforced usage error for an + * unregistered party to invoke this method. * * @param phase an arrival phase number, or negative value if * terminated; this argument is normally the value returned by a @@ -563,10 +608,11 @@ public class Phaser { /** * Awaits the phase of the barrier to advance from the given phase - * value, throwing {@code InterruptedException} if interrupted while - * waiting, or returning immediately if the current phase of the - * barrier is not equal to the given phase value or this barrier - * is terminated. + * value, throwing {@code InterruptedException} if interrupted + * while waiting, or returning immediately if the current phase of + * the barrier is not equal to the given phase value or this + * barrier is terminated. It is an unenforced usage error for an + * unregistered party to invoke this method. * * @param phase an arrival phase number, or negative value if * terminated; this argument is normally the value returned by a @@ -590,10 +636,12 @@ public class Phaser { /** * Awaits the phase of the barrier to advance from the given phase - * value or the given timeout to elapse, throwing - * {@code InterruptedException} if interrupted while waiting, or - * returning immediately if the current phase of the barrier is not - * equal to the given phase value or this barrier is terminated. + * value or the given timeout to elapse, throwing {@code + * InterruptedException} if interrupted while waiting, or + * returning immediately if the current phase of the barrier is + * not equal to the given phase value or this barrier is + * terminated. It is an unenforced usage error for an + * unregistered party to invoke this method. * * @param phase an arrival phase number, or negative value if * terminated; this argument is normally the value returned by a @@ -666,8 +714,8 @@ public class Phaser { } /** - * Returns the number of parties that have arrived at the current - * phase of this barrier. + * Returns the number of registered parties that have arrived at + * the current phase of this barrier. * * @return the number of arrived parties */ @@ -715,12 +763,21 @@ public class Phaser { /** * Overridable method to perform an action upon phase advance, and - * to control termination. This method is invoked whenever the - * barrier is tripped (and thus all other waiting parties are - * dormant). If it returns {@code true}, then, rather than advance - * the phase number, this barrier will be set to a final - * termination state, and subsequent calls to {@link #isTerminated} - * will return true. + * to control termination. This method is invoked upon arrival of + * the party tripping the barrier (when all other waiting parties + * are dormant). If this method returns {@code true}, then, + * rather than advance the phase number, this barrier will be set + * to a final termination state, and subsequent calls to {@link + * #isTerminated} will return true. Any (unchecked) Exception or + * Error thrown by an invocation of this method is propagated to + * the party attempting to trip the barrier, in which case no + * advance occurs. + * + *
The arguments to this method provide the state of the phaser + * prevailing for the current transition. (When called from within + * an implementation of {@code onAdvance} the values returned by + * methods such as {@code getPhase} may or may not reliably + * indicate the state to which this transition applies.) * *
The default version returns {@code true} when the number of * registered parties is zero. Normally, overrides that arrange