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Comparing jsr166/src/main/java/util/AbstractList.java (file contents):
Revision 1.7 by jsr166, Thu Feb 16 08:17:21 2006 UTC vs.
Revision 1.12 by jsr166, Mon Jun 26 00:46:50 2006 UTC

# Line 8 | Line 8
8   package java.util;
9  
10   /**
11 < * This class provides a skeletal implementation of the <tt>List</tt>
11 > * This class provides a skeletal implementation of the {@code List}
12   * interface to minimize the effort required to implement this interface
13   * backed by a "random access" data store (such as an array).  For sequential
14 < * access data (such as a linked list), <tt>AbstractSequentialList</tt> should
15 < * be used in preference to this class.<p>
14 > * access data (such as a linked list), {@code AbstractSequentialList} should
15 > * be used in preference to this class.
16   *
17 < * To implement an unmodifiable list, the programmer needs only to extend this
18 < * class and provide implementations for the <tt>get(int index)</tt> and
19 < * <tt>size()</tt> methods.<p>
17 > * <p>To implement an unmodifiable list, the programmer needs only to extend this
18 > * class and provide implementations for the {@code get(int index)} and
19 > * {@code size()} methods.
20   *
21 < * To implement a modifiable list, the programmer must additionally override
22 < * the <tt>set(int index, Object element)</tt> method (which otherwise throws
23 < * an <tt>UnsupportedOperationException</tt>.  If the list is variable-size
24 < * the programmer must additionally override the <tt>add(int index, Object
25 < * element)</tt> and <tt>remove(int index)</tt> methods.<p>
21 > * <p>To implement a modifiable list, the programmer must additionally override
22 > * the {@code set(int index, Object element)} method (which otherwise throws
23 > * an {@code UnsupportedOperationException}.  If the list is variable-size
24 > * the programmer must additionally override the {@code add(int index, Object
25 > * element)} and {@code remove(int index)} methods.
26   *
27 < * The programmer should generally provide a void (no argument) and collection
28 < * constructor, as per the recommendation in the <tt>Collection</tt> interface
29 < * specification.<p>
27 > * <p>The programmer should generally provide a void (no argument) and collection
28 > * constructor, as per the recommendation in the {@code Collection} interface
29 > * specification.
30   *
31 < * Unlike the other abstract collection implementations, the programmer does
31 > * <p>Unlike the other abstract collection implementations, the programmer does
32   * <i>not</i> have to provide an iterator implementation; the iterator and
33   * list iterator are implemented by this class, on top of the "random access"
34 < * methods: <tt>get(int index)</tt>, <tt>set(int index, E element)</tt>,
35 < * <tt>add(int index, E element)</tt> and <tt>remove(int index)</tt>.<p>
34 > * methods: {@code get(int index)}, {@code set(int index, E element)},
35 > * {@code add(int index, E element)} and {@code remove(int index)}.
36   *
37 < * The documentation for each non-abstract methods in this class describes its
37 > * <p>The documentation for each non-abstract methods in this class describes its
38   * implementation in detail.  Each of these methods may be overridden if the
39 < * collection being implemented admits a more efficient implementation.<p>
39 > * collection being implemented admits a more efficient implementation.
40   *
41 < * This class is a member of the
42 < * <a href="{@docRoot}/../guide/collections/index.html">
41 > * <p>This class is a member of the
42 > * <a href="{@docRoot}/../technotes/guides/collections/index.html">
43   * Java Collections Framework</a>.
44   *
45   * @author  Josh Bloch
# Line 71 | Line 71 | public abstract class AbstractList<E> ex
71       * classes should clearly specify in their documentation any restrictions
72       * on what elements may be added.
73       *
74 <     * <p>This implementation calls <tt>add(size(), e)</tt>.
74 >     * <p>This implementation calls {@code add(size(), e)}.
75       *
76       * <p>Note that this implementation throws an
77 <     * <tt>UnsupportedOperationException</tt> unless <tt>add(int, Object)</tt>
77 >     * {@code UnsupportedOperationException} unless {@code add(int, Object)}
78       * is overridden.
79       *
80       * @param e element to be appended to this list
81 <     * @return <tt>true</tt> (as specified by {@link Collection#add})
82 <     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the <tt>add</tt> operation
81 >     * @return {@code true} (as specified by {@link Collection#add})
82 >     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the {@code add} operation
83       *         is not supported by this list
84       * @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified element
85       *         prevents it from being added to this list
# Line 104 | Line 104 | public abstract class AbstractList<E> ex
104       * {@inheritDoc}
105       *
106       * <p>This implementation always throws an
107 <     * <tt>UnsupportedOperationException</tt>.
107 >     * {@code UnsupportedOperationException}.
108       *
109       * @throws UnsupportedOperationException {@inheritDoc}
110       * @throws ClassCastException            {@inheritDoc}
# Line 120 | Line 120 | public abstract class AbstractList<E> ex
120       * {@inheritDoc}
121       *
122       * <p>This implementation always throws an
123 <     * <tt>UnsupportedOperationException</tt>.
123 >     * {@code UnsupportedOperationException}.
124       *
125       * @throws UnsupportedOperationException {@inheritDoc}
126       * @throws ClassCastException            {@inheritDoc}
# Line 136 | Line 136 | public abstract class AbstractList<E> ex
136       * {@inheritDoc}
137       *
138       * <p>This implementation always throws an
139 <     * <tt>UnsupportedOperationException</tt>.
139 >     * {@code UnsupportedOperationException}.
140       *
141       * @throws UnsupportedOperationException {@inheritDoc}
142       * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException     {@inheritDoc}
# Line 152 | Line 152 | public abstract class AbstractList<E> ex
152       * {@inheritDoc}
153       *
154       * <p>This implementation first gets a list iterator (with
155 <     * <tt>listIterator()</tt>).  Then, it iterates over the list until the
155 >     * {@code listIterator()}).  Then, it iterates over the list until the
156       * specified element is found or the end of the list is reached.
157       *
158       * @throws ClassCastException   {@inheritDoc}
# Line 176 | Line 176 | public abstract class AbstractList<E> ex
176       * {@inheritDoc}
177       *
178       * <p>This implementation first gets a list iterator that points to the end
179 <     * of the list (with <tt>listIterator(size())</tt>).  Then, it iterates
179 >     * of the list (with {@code listIterator(size())}).  Then, it iterates
180       * backwards over the list until the specified element is found, or the
181       * beginning of the list is reached.
182       *
# Line 204 | Line 204 | public abstract class AbstractList<E> ex
204       * Removes all of the elements from this list (optional operation).
205       * The list will be empty after this call returns.
206       *
207 <     * <p>This implementation calls <tt>removeRange(0, size())</tt>.
207 >     * <p>This implementation calls {@code removeRange(0, size())}.
208       *
209       * <p>Note that this implementation throws an
210 <     * <tt>UnsupportedOperationException</tt> unless <tt>remove(int
211 <     * index)</tt> or <tt>removeRange(int fromIndex, int toIndex)</tt> is
210 >     * {@code UnsupportedOperationException} unless {@code remove(int
211 >     * index)} or {@code removeRange(int fromIndex, int toIndex)} is
212       * overridden.
213       *
214 <     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the <tt>clear</tt> operation
214 >     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the {@code clear} operation
215       *         is not supported by this list
216       */
217      public void clear() {
# Line 224 | Line 224 | public abstract class AbstractList<E> ex
224       * <p>This implementation gets an iterator over the specified collection and
225       * iterates over it, inserting the elements obtained from the iterator
226       * into this list at the appropriate position, one at a time, using
227 <     * <tt>add(int, Object)</tt>.  Many implementations will override this
227 >     * {@code add(int, Object)}.  Many implementations will override this
228       * method for efficiency.
229       *
230       * <p>Note that this implementation throws an
231 <     * <tt>UnsupportedOperationException</tt> unless <tt>add(int, Object)</tt>
231 >     * {@code UnsupportedOperationException} unless {@code add(int, Object)}
232       * is overridden.
233       *
234       * @throws UnsupportedOperationException {@inheritDoc}
# Line 255 | Line 255 | public abstract class AbstractList<E> ex
255       * sequence. <p>
256       *
257       * This implementation returns a straightforward implementation of the
258 <     * iterator interface, relying on the backing list's <tt>size()</tt>,
259 <     * <tt>get(int)</tt>, and <tt>remove(int)</tt> methods.<p>
258 >     * iterator interface, relying on the backing list's {@code size()},
259 >     * {@code get(int)}, and {@code remove(int)} methods.<p>
260       *
261       * Note that the iterator returned by this method will throw an
262 <     * <tt>UnsupportedOperationException</tt> in response to its
263 <     * <tt>remove</tt> method unless the list's <tt>remove(int)</tt> method is
262 >     * {@code UnsupportedOperationException} in response to its
263 >     * {@code remove} method unless the list's {@code remove(int)} method is
264       * overridden.<p>
265       *
266       * This implementation can be made to throw runtime exceptions in the face
267       * of concurrent modification, as described in the specification for the
268 <     * (protected) <tt>modCount</tt> field.
268 >     * (protected) {@code modCount} field.
269       *
270       * @return an iterator over the elements in this list in proper sequence
271       *
# Line 278 | Line 278 | public abstract class AbstractList<E> ex
278      /**
279       * {@inheritDoc}
280       *
281 <     * <p>This implementation returns <tt>listIterator(0)</tt>.
281 >     * <p>This implementation returns {@code listIterator(0)}.
282       *
283       * @see #listIterator(int)
284       */
# Line 290 | Line 290 | public abstract class AbstractList<E> ex
290       * {@inheritDoc}
291       *
292       * <p>This implementation returns a straightforward implementation of the
293 <     * <tt>ListIterator</tt> interface that extends the implementation of the
294 <     * <tt>Iterator</tt> interface returned by the <tt>iterator()</tt> method.
295 <     * The <tt>ListIterator</tt> implementation relies on the backing list's
296 <     * <tt>get(int)</tt>, <tt>set(int, Object)</tt>, <tt>add(int, Object)</tt>
297 <     * and <tt>remove(int)</tt> methods.
293 >     * {@code ListIterator} interface that extends the implementation of the
294 >     * {@code Iterator} interface returned by the {@code iterator()} method.
295 >     * The {@code ListIterator} implementation relies on the backing list's
296 >     * {@code get(int)}, {@code set(int, Object)}, {@code add(int, Object)}
297 >     * and {@code remove(int)} methods.
298       *
299       * <p>Note that the list iterator returned by this implementation will
300 <     * throw an <tt>UnsupportedOperationException</tt> in response to its
301 <     * <tt>remove</tt>, <tt>set</tt> and <tt>add</tt> methods unless the
302 <     * list's <tt>remove(int)</tt>, <tt>set(int, Object)</tt>, and
303 <     * <tt>add(int, Object)</tt> methods are overridden.
300 >     * throw an {@code UnsupportedOperationException} in response to its
301 >     * {@code remove}, {@code set} and {@code add} methods unless the
302 >     * list's {@code remove(int)}, {@code set(int, Object)}, and
303 >     * {@code add(int, Object)} methods are overridden.
304       *
305       * <p>This implementation can be made to throw runtime exceptions in the
306       * face of concurrent modification, as described in the specification for
307 <     * the (protected) <tt>modCount</tt> field.
307 >     * the (protected) {@code modCount} field.
308       *
309       * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
310       *
# Line 342 | Line 342 | public abstract class AbstractList<E> ex
342          }
343  
344          public E next() {
345 <            try {
346 <                int i = cursor;
347 <                E next = get(i);
348 <                lastRet = i;
349 <                cursor = i + 1;
350 <                return next;
351 <            } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
352 <                throw new NoSuchElementException();
353 <            } finally {
354 <                if (expectedModCount != modCount)
355 <                    throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
356 <            }
345 >            checkForComodification();
346 >            try {
347 >                E next = get(cursor);
348 >                lastRet = cursor++;
349 >                return next;
350 >            } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
351 >                checkForComodification();
352 >                throw new NoSuchElementException();
353 >            }
354          }
355  
356          public void remove() {
357              if (lastRet == -1)
358                  throw new IllegalStateException();
359 <            if (expectedModCount != modCount)
360 <                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
359 >            checkForComodification();
360 >
361              try {
362                  AbstractList.this.remove(lastRet);
363                  if (lastRet < cursor)
# Line 371 | Line 368 | public abstract class AbstractList<E> ex
368                  throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
369              }
370          }
371 +
372 +        final void checkForComodification() {
373 +            if (modCount != expectedModCount)
374 +                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
375 +        }
376      }
377  
378      private class ListItr extends Itr implements ListIterator<E> {
# Line 382 | Line 384 | public abstract class AbstractList<E> ex
384              return cursor != 0;
385          }
386  
385        public int nextIndex() {
386            return cursor;
387        }
388
389        public int previousIndex() {
390            return cursor - 1;
391        }
392
387          public E previous() {
388 +            checkForComodification();
389              try {
390                  int i = cursor - 1;
391 <                E prev = get(i);
392 <                lastRet = i;
393 <                cursor = i;
394 <                return prev;
395 <            } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
391 >                E previous = get(i);
392 >                lastRet = cursor = i;
393 >                return previous;
394 >            } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
395 >                checkForComodification();
396                  throw new NoSuchElementException();
402            } finally {
403                if (expectedModCount != modCount)
404                    throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
397              }
398          }
399  
400 +        public int nextIndex() {
401 +            return cursor;
402 +        }
403 +
404 +        public int previousIndex() {
405 +            return cursor-1;
406 +        }
407 +
408          public void set(E e) {
409              if (lastRet == -1)
410                  throw new IllegalStateException();
411 <            if (expectedModCount != modCount)
412 <                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
411 >            checkForComodification();
412 >
413              try {
414                  AbstractList.this.set(lastRet, e);
415                  expectedModCount = modCount;
# Line 419 | Line 419 | public abstract class AbstractList<E> ex
419          }
420  
421          public void add(E e) {
422 <            if (expectedModCount != modCount)
423 <                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
422 >            checkForComodification();
423 >
424              try {
425                  int i = cursor;
426                  AbstractList.this.add(i, e);
# Line 437 | Line 437 | public abstract class AbstractList<E> ex
437       * {@inheritDoc}
438       *
439       * <p>This implementation returns a list that subclasses
440 <     * <tt>AbstractList</tt>.  The subclass stores, in private fields, the
440 >     * {@code AbstractList}.  The subclass stores, in private fields, the
441       * offset of the subList within the backing list, the size of the subList
442       * (which can change over its lifetime), and the expected
443 <     * <tt>modCount</tt> value of the backing list.  There are two variants
444 <     * of the subclass, one of which implements <tt>RandomAccess</tt>.
445 <     * If this list implements <tt>RandomAccess</tt> the returned list will
446 <     * be an instance of the subclass that implements <tt>RandomAccess</tt>.
447 <     *
448 <     * <p>The subclass's <tt>set(int, Object)</tt>, <tt>get(int)</tt>,
449 <     * <tt>add(int, Object)</tt>, <tt>remove(int)</tt>, <tt>addAll(int,
450 <     * Collection)</tt> and <tt>removeRange(int, int)</tt> methods all
443 >     * {@code modCount} value of the backing list.  There are two variants
444 >     * of the subclass, one of which implements {@code RandomAccess}.
445 >     * If this list implements {@code RandomAccess} the returned list will
446 >     * be an instance of the subclass that implements {@code RandomAccess}.
447 >     *
448 >     * <p>The subclass's {@code set(int, Object)}, {@code get(int)},
449 >     * {@code add(int, Object)}, {@code remove(int)}, {@code addAll(int,
450 >     * Collection)} and {@code removeRange(int, int)} methods all
451       * delegate to the corresponding methods on the backing abstract list,
452       * after bounds-checking the index and adjusting for the offset.  The
453 <     * <tt>addAll(Collection c)</tt> method merely returns <tt>addAll(size,
454 <     * c)</tt>.
453 >     * {@code addAll(Collection c)} method merely returns {@code addAll(size,
454 >     * c)}.
455       *
456 <     * <p>The <tt>listIterator(int)</tt> method returns a "wrapper object"
456 >     * <p>The {@code listIterator(int)} method returns a "wrapper object"
457       * over a list iterator on the backing list, which is created with the
458 <     * corresponding method on the backing list.  The <tt>iterator</tt> method
459 <     * merely returns <tt>listIterator()</tt>, and the <tt>size</tt> method
460 <     * merely returns the subclass's <tt>size</tt> field.
458 >     * corresponding method on the backing list.  The {@code iterator} method
459 >     * merely returns {@code listIterator()}, and the {@code size} method
460 >     * merely returns the subclass's {@code size} field.
461       *
462 <     * <p>All methods first check to see if the actual <tt>modCount</tt> of
462 >     * <p>All methods first check to see if the actual {@code modCount} of
463       * the backing list is equal to its expected value, and throw a
464 <     * <tt>ConcurrentModificationException</tt> if it is not.
464 >     * {@code ConcurrentModificationException} if it is not.
465       *
466       * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException endpoint index value out of range
467 <     *         <tt>(fromIndex &lt; 0 || toIndex &gt; size)</tt>
467 >     *         {@code (fromIndex &lt; 0 || toIndex &gt; size)}
468       * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the endpoint indices are out of order
469 <     *         <tt>(fromIndex &gt; toIndex)</tt>
469 >     *         {@code (fromIndex &gt; toIndex)}
470       */
471      public List<E> subList(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
472          return (this instanceof RandomAccess ?
473 <                new RandomAccessSubList<E>(this, fromIndex, toIndex) :
474 <                new SubList<E>(this, fromIndex, toIndex));
473 >                new RandomAccessSubList(this, this, fromIndex, fromIndex, toIndex) :
474 >                new SubList(this, this, fromIndex, fromIndex, toIndex));
475      }
476  
477      // Comparison and hashing
478  
479      /**
480       * Compares the specified object with this list for equality.  Returns
481 <     * <tt>true</tt> if and only if the specified object is also a list, both
481 >     * {@code true} if and only if the specified object is also a list, both
482       * lists have the same size, and all corresponding pairs of elements in
483 <     * the two lists are <i>equal</i>.  (Two elements <tt>e1</tt> and
484 <     * <tt>e2</tt> are <i>equal</i> if <tt>(e1==null ? e2==null :
485 <     * e1.equals(e2))</tt>.)  In other words, two lists are defined to be
483 >     * the two lists are <i>equal</i>.  (Two elements {@code e1} and
484 >     * {@code e2} are <i>equal</i> if {@code (e1==null ? e2==null :
485 >     * e1.equals(e2))}.)  In other words, two lists are defined to be
486       * equal if they contain the same elements in the same order.<p>
487       *
488       * This implementation first checks if the specified object is this
489 <     * list. If so, it returns <tt>true</tt>; if not, it checks if the
490 <     * specified object is a list. If not, it returns <tt>false</tt>; if so,
489 >     * list. If so, it returns {@code true}; if not, it checks if the
490 >     * specified object is a list. If not, it returns {@code false}; if so,
491       * it iterates over both lists, comparing corresponding pairs of elements.
492 <     * If any comparison returns <tt>false</tt>, this method returns
493 <     * <tt>false</tt>.  If either iterator runs out of elements before the
494 <     * other it returns <tt>false</tt> (as the lists are of unequal length);
495 <     * otherwise it returns <tt>true</tt> when the iterations complete.
492 >     * If any comparison returns {@code false}, this method returns
493 >     * {@code false}.  If either iterator runs out of elements before the
494 >     * other it returns {@code false} (as the lists are of unequal length);
495 >     * otherwise it returns {@code true} when the iterations complete.
496       *
497       * @param o the object to be compared for equality with this list
498 <     * @return <tt>true</tt> if the specified object is equal to this list
498 >     * @return {@code true} if the specified object is equal to this list
499       */
500      public boolean equals(Object o) {
501          if (o == this)
# Line 535 | Line 535 | public abstract class AbstractList<E> ex
535  
536      /**
537       * Removes from this list all of the elements whose index is between
538 <     * <tt>fromIndex</tt>, inclusive, and <tt>toIndex</tt>, exclusive.
538 >     * {@code fromIndex}, inclusive, and {@code toIndex}, exclusive.
539       * Shifts any succeeding elements to the left (reduces their index).
540 <     * This call shortens the ArrayList by <tt>(toIndex - fromIndex)</tt>
541 <     * elements.  (If <tt>toIndex==fromIndex</tt>, this operation has no
540 >     * This call shortens the ArrayList by {@code (toIndex - fromIndex)}
541 >     * elements.  (If {@code toIndex==fromIndex}, this operation has no
542       * effect.)<p>
543       *
544 <     * This method is called by the <tt>clear</tt> operation on this list
544 >     * This method is called by the {@code clear} operation on this list
545       * and its subLists.  Overriding this method to take advantage of
546       * the internals of the list implementation can <i>substantially</i>
547 <     * improve the performance of the <tt>clear</tt> operation on this list
547 >     * improve the performance of the {@code clear} operation on this list
548       * and its subLists.<p>
549       *
550       * This implementation gets a list iterator positioned before
551 <     * <tt>fromIndex</tt>, and repeatedly calls <tt>ListIterator.next</tt>
552 <     * followed by <tt>ListIterator.remove</tt> until the entire range has
553 <     * been removed.  <b>Note: if <tt>ListIterator.remove</tt> requires linear
551 >     * {@code fromIndex}, and repeatedly calls {@code ListIterator.next}
552 >     * followed by {@code ListIterator.remove} until the entire range has
553 >     * been removed.  <b>Note: if {@code ListIterator.remove} requires linear
554       * time, this implementation requires quadratic time.</b>
555       *
556       * @param fromIndex index of first element to be removed
# Line 571 | Line 571 | public abstract class AbstractList<E> ex
571       * progress may yield incorrect results.<p>
572       *
573       * This field is used by the iterator and list iterator implementation
574 <     * returned by the <tt>iterator</tt> and <tt>listIterator</tt> methods.
574 >     * returned by the {@code iterator} and {@code listIterator} methods.
575       * If the value of this field changes unexpectedly, the iterator (or list
576 <     * iterator) will throw a <tt>ConcurrentModificationException</tt> in
577 <     * response to the <tt>next</tt>, <tt>remove</tt>, <tt>previous</tt>,
578 <     * <tt>set</tt> or <tt>add</tt> operations.  This provides
576 >     * iterator) will throw a {@code ConcurrentModificationException} in
577 >     * response to the {@code next}, {@code remove}, {@code previous},
578 >     * {@code set} or {@code add} operations.  This provides
579       * <i>fail-fast</i> behavior, rather than non-deterministic behavior in
580       * the face of concurrent modification during iteration.<p>
581       *
582       * <b>Use of this field by subclasses is optional.</b> If a subclass
583       * wishes to provide fail-fast iterators (and list iterators), then it
584 <     * merely has to increment this field in its <tt>add(int, Object)</tt> and
585 <     * <tt>remove(int)</tt> methods (and any other methods that it overrides
584 >     * merely has to increment this field in its {@code add(int, Object)} and
585 >     * {@code remove(int)} methods (and any other methods that it overrides
586       * that result in structural modifications to the list).  A single call to
587 <     * <tt>add(int, Object)</tt> or <tt>remove(int)</tt> must add no more than
587 >     * {@code add(int, Object)} or {@code remove(int)} must add no more than
588       * one to this field, or the iterators (and list iterators) will throw
589 <     * bogus <tt>ConcurrentModificationExceptions</tt>.  If an implementation
589 >     * bogus {@code ConcurrentModificationExceptions}.  If an implementation
590       * does not wish to provide fail-fast iterators, this field may be
591       * ignored.
592       */
593      protected transient int modCount = 0;
594   }
595  
596 + /**
597 + * Generic sublists. Non-nested to enable construction by other
598 + * classes in this package.
599 + */
600   class SubList<E> extends AbstractList<E> {
601 <    private AbstractList<E> l;
602 <    private int offset;
603 <    private int size;
604 <    private int expectedModCount;
605 <
606 <    SubList(AbstractList<E> list, int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
601 >    /*
602 >     * A SubList has both a "base", the ultimate backing list, as well
603 >     * as a "parent", which is the list or sublist creating this
604 >     * sublist. All methods that may cause structural modifications
605 >     * must propagate through the parent link, with O(k) performance
606 >     * where k is sublist depth. For example in the case of a
607 >     * sub-sub-list, invoking remove(x) will result in a chain of
608 >     * three remove calls. However, all other non-structurally
609 >     * modifying methods can bypass this chain, and relay directly to
610 >     * the base list. In particular, doing so signficantly speeds up
611 >     * the performance of iterators for deeply-nested sublists.
612 >     */
613 >    final AbstractList<E> base;   // Backing list
614 >    final AbstractList<E> parent; // Parent list
615 >    final int baseOffset;         // index wrt base
616 >    final int parentOffset;       // index wrt parent
617 >    int length;                   // Number of elements in this sublist
618 >
619 >    SubList(AbstractList<E> base,
620 >            AbstractList<E> parent,
621 >            int baseIndex,
622 >            int fromIndex,
623 >            int toIndex) {
624          if (fromIndex < 0)
625              throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("fromIndex = " + fromIndex);
626 <        if (toIndex > list.size())
626 >        if (toIndex > parent.size())
627              throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("toIndex = " + toIndex);
628          if (fromIndex > toIndex)
629              throw new IllegalArgumentException("fromIndex(" + fromIndex +
630                                                 ") > toIndex(" + toIndex + ")");
631 <        l = list;
632 <        offset = fromIndex;
633 <        size = toIndex - fromIndex;
634 <        expectedModCount = l.modCount;
631 >        this.base = base;
632 >        this.parent = parent;
633 >        this.baseOffset = baseIndex;
634 >        this.parentOffset = fromIndex;
635 >        this.length = toIndex - fromIndex;
636 >        this.modCount = base.modCount;
637 >    }
638 >
639 >    /**
640 >     * Returns an IndexOutOfBoundsException with nicer message
641 >     */
642 >    private IndexOutOfBoundsException indexError(int index) {
643 >        return new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index: " + index +
644 >                                             ", Size: " + length);
645      }
646  
647      public E set(int index, E element) {
648 <        rangeCheck(index);
649 <        checkForComodification();
650 <        return l.set(index+offset, element);
648 >        if (index < 0 || index >= length)
649 >            throw indexError(index);
650 >        if (base.modCount != modCount)
651 >            throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
652 >        return base.set(index + baseOffset, element);
653      }
654  
655      public E get(int index) {
656 <        rangeCheck(index);
657 <        checkForComodification();
658 <        return l.get(index+offset);
656 >        if (index < 0 || index >= length)
657 >            throw indexError(index);
658 >        if (base.modCount != modCount)
659 >            throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
660 >        return base.get(index + baseOffset);
661      }
662  
663      public int size() {
664 <        checkForComodification();
665 <        return size;
664 >        if (base.modCount != modCount)
665 >            throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
666 >        return length;
667      }
668  
669      public void add(int index, E element) {
670 <        if (index<0 || index>size)
671 <            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
672 <        checkForComodification();
673 <        l.add(index+offset, element);
674 <        expectedModCount = l.modCount;
675 <        size++;
676 <        modCount++;
670 >        if (index < 0 || index>length)
671 >            throw indexError(index);
672 >        if (base.modCount != modCount)
673 >            throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
674 >        parent.add(index + parentOffset, element);
675 >        length++;
676 >        modCount = base.modCount;
677      }
678  
679      public E remove(int index) {
680 <        rangeCheck(index);
681 <        checkForComodification();
682 <        E result = l.remove(index+offset);
683 <        expectedModCount = l.modCount;
684 <        size--;
685 <        modCount++;
680 >        if (index < 0 || index >= length)
681 >            throw indexError(index);
682 >        if (base.modCount != modCount)
683 >            throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
684 >        E result = parent.remove(index + parentOffset);
685 >        length--;
686 >        modCount = base.modCount;
687          return result;
688      }
689  
690      protected void removeRange(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
691 <        checkForComodification();
692 <        l.removeRange(fromIndex+offset, toIndex+offset);
693 <        expectedModCount = l.modCount;
694 <        size -= (toIndex-fromIndex);
695 <        modCount++;
691 >        if (base.modCount != modCount)
692 >            throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
693 >        parent.removeRange(fromIndex + parentOffset, toIndex + parentOffset);
694 >        length -= (toIndex-fromIndex);
695 >        modCount = base.modCount;
696      }
697  
698      public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) {
699 <        return addAll(size, c);
699 >        return addAll(length, c);
700      }
701  
702      public boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c) {
703 <        if (index<0 || index>size)
704 <            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(
668 <                "Index: "+index+", Size: "+size);
703 >        if (index < 0 || index > length)
704 >            throw indexError(index);
705          int cSize = c.size();
706          if (cSize==0)
707              return false;
708  
709 <        checkForComodification();
710 <        l.addAll(offset+index, c);
711 <        expectedModCount = l.modCount;
712 <        size += cSize;
713 <        modCount++;
709 >        if (base.modCount != modCount)
710 >            throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
711 >        parent.addAll(parentOffset + index, c);
712 >        length += cSize;
713 >        modCount = base.modCount;
714          return true;
715      }
716  
717 +    public List<E> subList(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
718 +        return new SubList(base, this, fromIndex + baseOffset,
719 +                           fromIndex, toIndex);
720 +    }
721 +
722      public Iterator<E> iterator() {
723 <        return listIterator();
723 >        return new SubListIterator(this, 0);
724      }
725  
726 <    public ListIterator<E> listIterator(final int index) {
727 <        checkForComodification();
728 <        if (index<0 || index>size)
688 <            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(
689 <                "Index: "+index+", Size: "+size);
726 >    public ListIterator<E> listIterator() {
727 >        return new SubListIterator(this, 0);
728 >    }
729  
730 <        return new ListIterator<E>() {
731 <            private ListIterator<E> i = l.listIterator(index+offset);
730 >    public ListIterator<E> listIterator(int index) {
731 >        if (index < 0 || index>length)
732 >            throw indexError(index);
733 >        return new SubListIterator(this, index);
734 >    }
735  
736 <            public boolean hasNext() {
737 <                return nextIndex() < size;
738 <            }
736 >    /**
737 >     * Generic sublist iterator obeying fastfail semantics via
738 >     * modCount.  The hasNext and next methods locally check for
739 >     * in-range indices before relaying to backing list to get
740 >     * element. If this either encounters an unexpected modCount or
741 >     * fails, the backing list must have been concurrently modified,
742 >     * and is so reported.  The add and remove methods performing
743 >     * structural modifications instead relay them through the
744 >     * sublist.
745 >     */
746 >    private static final class SubListIterator<E> implements ListIterator<E> {
747 >        final SubList<E> outer;       // Sublist creating this iteraor
748 >        final AbstractList<E> base;   // base list
749 >        final int offset;             // Cursor offset wrt base
750 >        int cursor;                   // Current index
751 >        int fence;                    // Upper bound on cursor
752 >        int lastRet;                  // Index of returned element, or -1
753 >        int expectedModCount;         // Expected modCount of base
754 >
755 >        SubListIterator(SubList<E> list, int index) {
756 >            this.lastRet = -1;
757 >            this.cursor = index;
758 >            this.outer = list;
759 >            this.offset = list.baseOffset;
760 >            this.fence = list.length;
761 >            this.base = list.base;
762 >            this.expectedModCount = base.modCount;
763 >        }
764  
765 <            public E next() {
766 <                if (hasNext())
767 <                    return i.next();
701 <                else
702 <                    throw new NoSuchElementException();
703 <            }
765 >        public boolean hasNext() {
766 >            return cursor < fence;
767 >        }
768  
769 <            public boolean hasPrevious() {
770 <                return previousIndex() >= 0;
771 <            }
769 >        public boolean hasPrevious() {
770 >            return cursor > 0;
771 >        }
772  
773 <            public E previous() {
774 <                if (hasPrevious())
775 <                    return i.previous();
712 <                else
713 <                    throw new NoSuchElementException();
714 <            }
773 >        public int nextIndex() {
774 >            return cursor;
775 >        }
776  
777 <            public int nextIndex() {
778 <                return i.nextIndex() - offset;
779 <            }
777 >        public int previousIndex() {
778 >            return cursor - 1;
779 >        }
780  
781 <            public int previousIndex() {
782 <                return i.previousIndex() - offset;
781 >        public E next() {
782 >            int i = cursor;
783 >            if (cursor >= fence)
784 >                throw new NoSuchElementException();
785 >            if (expectedModCount == base.modCount) {
786 >                try {
787 >                    Object next = base.get(i + offset);
788 >                    lastRet = i;
789 >                    cursor = i + 1;
790 >                    return (E)next;
791 >                } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException fallThrough) {
792 >                }
793              }
794 +            throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
795 +        }
796  
797 <            public void remove() {
798 <                i.remove();
799 <                expectedModCount = l.modCount;
800 <                size--;
801 <                modCount++;
797 >        public E previous() {
798 >            int i = cursor - 1;
799 >            if (i < 0)
800 >                throw new NoSuchElementException();
801 >            if (expectedModCount == base.modCount) {
802 >                try {
803 >                    Object prev = base.get(i + offset);
804 >                    lastRet = i;
805 >                    cursor = i;
806 >                    return (E)prev;
807 >                } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException fallThrough) {
808 >                }
809              }
810 +            throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
811 +        }
812  
813 <            public void set(E e) {
814 <                i.set(e);
813 >        public void set(E e) {
814 >            if (lastRet < 0)
815 >                throw new IllegalStateException();
816 >            if (expectedModCount != base.modCount)
817 >                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
818 >            try {
819 >                outer.set(lastRet, e);
820 >                expectedModCount = base.modCount;
821 >            } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
822 >                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
823              }
824 +        }
825  
826 <            public void add(E e) {
827 <                i.add(e);
828 <                expectedModCount = l.modCount;
829 <                size++;
830 <                modCount++;
826 >        public void remove() {
827 >            int i = lastRet;
828 >            if (i < 0)
829 >                throw new IllegalStateException();
830 >            if (expectedModCount != base.modCount)
831 >                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
832 >            try {
833 >                outer.remove(i);
834 >                if (i < cursor)
835 >                    cursor--;
836 >                lastRet = -1;
837 >                fence = outer.length;
838 >                expectedModCount = base.modCount;
839 >            } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
840 >                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
841              }
842 <        };
742 <    }
743 <
744 <    public List<E> subList(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
745 <        return new SubList<E>(this, fromIndex, toIndex);
746 <    }
842 >        }
843  
844 <    private void rangeCheck(int index) {
845 <        if (index<0 || index>=size)
846 <            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index: "+index+
847 <                                                ",Size: "+size);
844 >        public void add(E e) {
845 >            if (expectedModCount != base.modCount)
846 >                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
847 >            try {
848 >                int i = cursor;
849 >                outer.add(i, e);
850 >                cursor = i + 1;
851 >                lastRet = -1;
852 >                fence = outer.length;
853 >                expectedModCount = base.modCount;
854 >            } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
855 >                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
856 >            }
857 >        }
858      }
859  
754    private void checkForComodification() {
755        if (l.modCount != expectedModCount)
756            throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
757    }
860   }
861  
862   class RandomAccessSubList<E> extends SubList<E> implements RandomAccess {
863 <    RandomAccessSubList(AbstractList<E> list, int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
864 <        super(list, fromIndex, toIndex);
863 >    RandomAccessSubList(AbstractList<E> base,
864 >                        AbstractList<E> parent, int baseIndex,
865 >                        int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
866 >        super(base, parent, baseIndex, fromIndex, toIndex);
867      }
868  
869      public List<E> subList(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
870 <        return new RandomAccessSubList<E>(this, fromIndex, toIndex);
870 >        return new RandomAccessSubList(base, this, fromIndex + baseOffset,
871 >                                       fromIndex, toIndex);
872      }
873   }
874 +

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