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Comparing jsr166/src/main/java/util/ArrayDeque.java (file contents):
Revision 1.6 by dl, Tue Mar 22 16:48:32 2005 UTC vs.
Revision 1.33 by jsr166, Fri Jun 10 00:20:44 2011 UTC

# Line 1 | Line 1
1   /*
2   * Written by Josh Bloch of Google Inc. and released to the public domain,
3 < * as explained at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/publicdomain.
3 > * as explained at http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/.
4   */
5  
6   package java.util;
7 import java.io.*;
7  
8   /**
9   * Resizable-array implementation of the {@link Deque} interface.  Array
# Line 18 | Line 17 | import java.io.*;
17   * <p>Most <tt>ArrayDeque</tt> operations run in amortized constant time.
18   * Exceptions include {@link #remove(Object) remove}, {@link
19   * #removeFirstOccurrence removeFirstOccurrence}, {@link #removeLastOccurrence
20 < * removeLastOccurrence}, {@link #contains contains }, {@link #iterator
20 > * removeLastOccurrence}, {@link #contains contains}, {@link #iterator
21   * iterator.remove()}, and the bulk operations, all of which run in linear
22   * time.
23   *
24   * <p>The iterators returned by this class's <tt>iterator</tt> method are
25   * <i>fail-fast</i>: If the deque is modified at any time after the iterator
26 < * is created, in any way except through the iterator's own remove method, the
27 < * iterator will generally throw a {@link ConcurrentModificationException}.
28 < * Thus, in the face of concurrent modification, the iterator fails quickly
29 < * and cleanly, rather than risking arbitrary, non-deterministic behavior at
30 < * an undetermined time in the future.
26 > * is created, in any way except through the iterator's own <tt>remove</tt>
27 > * method, the iterator will generally throw a {@link
28 > * ConcurrentModificationException}.  Thus, in the face of concurrent
29 > * modification, the iterator fails quickly and cleanly, rather than risking
30 > * arbitrary, non-deterministic behavior at an undetermined time in the
31 > * future.
32   *
33   * <p>Note that the fail-fast behavior of an iterator cannot be guaranteed
34   * as it is, generally speaking, impossible to make any hard guarantees in the
# Line 39 | Line 39 | import java.io.*;
39   * should be used only to detect bugs.</i>
40   *
41   * <p>This class and its iterator implement all of the
42 < * optional methods of the {@link Collection} and {@link
43 < * Iterator} interfaces.  This class is a member of the <a
44 < * href="{@docRoot}/../guide/collections/index.html"> Java Collections
45 < * Framework</a>.
42 > * <em>optional</em> methods of the {@link Collection} and {@link
43 > * Iterator} interfaces.
44 > *
45 > * <p>This class is a member of the
46 > * <a href="{@docRoot}/../technotes/guides/collections/index.html">
47 > * Java Collections Framework</a>.
48   *
49   * @author  Josh Bloch and Doug Lea
50   * @since   1.6
51   * @param <E> the type of elements held in this collection
52   */
53   public class ArrayDeque<E> extends AbstractCollection<E>
54 <                           implements Deque<E>, Cloneable, Serializable
54 >                           implements Deque<E>, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable
55   {
56      /**
57       * The array in which the elements of the deque are stored.
# Line 87 | Line 89 | public class ArrayDeque<E> extends Abstr
89      /**
90       * Allocate empty array to hold the given number of elements.
91       *
92 <     * @param numElements  the number of elements to hold.
92 >     * @param numElements  the number of elements to hold
93       */
94      private void allocateElements(int numElements) {
95          int initialCapacity = MIN_INITIAL_CAPACITY;
# Line 129 | Line 131 | public class ArrayDeque<E> extends Abstr
131      }
132  
133      /**
134 <     * Copy the elements from our element array into the specified array,
134 >     * Copies the elements from our element array into the specified array,
135       * in order (from first to last element in the deque).  It is assumed
136       * that the array is large enough to hold all elements in the deque.
137       *
# Line 186 | Line 188 | public class ArrayDeque<E> extends Abstr
188      /**
189       * Inserts the specified element at the front of this deque.
190       *
191 <     * @param e the element to insert
192 <     * @throws NullPointerException if <tt>e</tt> is null
191 >     * @param e the element to add
192 >     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null
193       */
194      public void addFirst(E e) {
195          if (e == null)
# Line 199 | Line 201 | public class ArrayDeque<E> extends Abstr
201  
202      /**
203       * Inserts the specified element at the end of this deque.
202     * This method is equivalent to {@link Collection#add} and
203     * {@link #push}.
204       *
205 <     * @param e the element to insert
206 <     * @throws NullPointerException if <tt>e</tt> is null
205 >     * <p>This method is equivalent to {@link #add}.
206 >     *
207 >     * @param e the element to add
208 >     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null
209       */
210      public void addLast(E e) {
211          if (e == null)
# Line 214 | Line 216 | public class ArrayDeque<E> extends Abstr
216      }
217  
218      /**
217     * Retrieves and removes the first element of this deque, or
218     * <tt>null</tt> if this deque is empty.
219     *
220     * @return the first element of this deque, or <tt>null</tt> if
221     *     this deque is empty
222     */
223    public E pollFirst() {
224        int h = head;
225        E result = elements[h]; // Element is null if deque empty
226        if (result == null)
227            return null;
228        elements[h] = null;     // Must null out slot
229        head = (h + 1) & (elements.length - 1);
230        return result;
231    }
232
233    /**
234     * Retrieves and removes the last element of this deque, or
235     * <tt>null</tt> if this deque is empty.
236     *
237     * @return the last element of this deque, or <tt>null</tt> if
238     *     this deque is empty
239     */
240    public E pollLast() {
241        int t = (tail - 1) & (elements.length - 1);
242        E result = elements[t];
243        if (result == null)
244            return null;
245        elements[t] = null;
246        tail = t;
247        return result;
248    }
249
250    /**
219       * Inserts the specified element at the front of this deque.
220       *
221 <     * @param e the element to insert
222 <     * @return <tt>true</tt> (as per the spec for {@link Deque#offerFirst})
223 <     * @throws NullPointerException if <tt>e</tt> is null
221 >     * @param e the element to add
222 >     * @return <tt>true</tt> (as specified by {@link Deque#offerFirst})
223 >     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null
224       */
225      public boolean offerFirst(E e) {
226          addFirst(e);
# Line 262 | Line 230 | public class ArrayDeque<E> extends Abstr
230      /**
231       * Inserts the specified element at the end of this deque.
232       *
233 <     * @param e the element to insert
234 <     * @return <tt>true</tt> (as per the spec for {@link Deque#offerLast})
235 <     * @throws NullPointerException if <tt>e</tt> is null
233 >     * @param e the element to add
234 >     * @return <tt>true</tt> (as specified by {@link Deque#offerLast})
235 >     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null
236       */
237      public boolean offerLast(E e) {
238          addLast(e);
# Line 272 | Line 240 | public class ArrayDeque<E> extends Abstr
240      }
241  
242      /**
243 <     * Retrieves and removes the first element of this deque.  This method
276 <     * differs from the <tt>pollFirst</tt> method in that it throws an
277 <     * exception if this deque is empty.
278 <     *
279 <     * @return the first element of this deque
280 <     * @throws NoSuchElementException if this deque is empty
243 >     * @throws NoSuchElementException {@inheritDoc}
244       */
245      public E removeFirst() {
246          E x = pollFirst();
# Line 287 | Line 250 | public class ArrayDeque<E> extends Abstr
250      }
251  
252      /**
253 <     * Retrieves and removes the last element of this deque.  This method
291 <     * differs from the <tt>pollLast</tt> method in that it throws an
292 <     * exception if this deque is empty.
293 <     *
294 <     * @return the last element of this deque
295 <     * @throws NoSuchElementException if this deque is empty
253 >     * @throws NoSuchElementException {@inheritDoc}
254       */
255      public E removeLast() {
256          E x = pollLast();
# Line 301 | Line 259 | public class ArrayDeque<E> extends Abstr
259          return x;
260      }
261  
262 <    /**
263 <     * Retrieves, but does not remove, the first element of this deque,
264 <     * returning <tt>null</tt> if this deque is empty.
265 <     *
266 <     * @return the first element of this deque, or <tt>null</tt> if
267 <     *     this deque is empty
268 <     */
269 <    public E peekFirst() {
312 <        return elements[head]; // elements[head] is null if deque empty
262 >    public E pollFirst() {
263 >        int h = head;
264 >        E result = elements[h]; // Element is null if deque empty
265 >        if (result == null)
266 >            return null;
267 >        elements[h] = null;     // Must null out slot
268 >        head = (h + 1) & (elements.length - 1);
269 >        return result;
270      }
271  
272 <    /**
273 <     * Retrieves, but does not remove, the last element of this deque,
274 <     * returning <tt>null</tt> if this deque is empty.
275 <     *
276 <     * @return the last element of this deque, or <tt>null</tt> if this deque
277 <     *     is empty
278 <     */
279 <    public E peekLast() {
323 <        return elements[(tail - 1) & (elements.length - 1)];
272 >    public E pollLast() {
273 >        int t = (tail - 1) & (elements.length - 1);
274 >        E result = elements[t];
275 >        if (result == null)
276 >            return null;
277 >        elements[t] = null;
278 >        tail = t;
279 >        return result;
280      }
281  
282      /**
283 <     * Retrieves, but does not remove, the first element of this
328 <     * deque.  This method differs from the <tt>peekFirst</tt> method only
329 <     * in that it throws an exception if this deque is empty.
330 <     *
331 <     * @return the first element of this deque
332 <     * @throws NoSuchElementException if this deque is empty
283 >     * @throws NoSuchElementException {@inheritDoc}
284       */
285      public E getFirst() {
286          E x = elements[head];
# Line 339 | Line 290 | public class ArrayDeque<E> extends Abstr
290      }
291  
292      /**
293 <     * Retrieves, but does not remove, the last element of this
343 <     * deque.  This method differs from the <tt>peekLast</tt> method only
344 <     * in that it throws an exception if this deque is empty.
345 <     *
346 <     * @return the last element of this deque
347 <     * @throws NoSuchElementException if this deque is empty
293 >     * @throws NoSuchElementException {@inheritDoc}
294       */
295      public E getLast() {
296          E x = elements[(tail - 1) & (elements.length - 1)];
# Line 353 | Line 299 | public class ArrayDeque<E> extends Abstr
299          return x;
300      }
301  
302 +    public E peekFirst() {
303 +        return elements[head]; // elements[head] is null if deque empty
304 +    }
305 +
306 +    public E peekLast() {
307 +        return elements[(tail - 1) & (elements.length - 1)];
308 +    }
309 +
310      /**
311       * Removes the first occurrence of the specified element in this
312 <     * deque (when traversing the deque from head to tail).  More
313 <     * formally, removes the first element e such that (o==null ?
314 <     * e==null : o.equals(e)). If the deque does not contain the
315 <     * element, it is unchanged.
312 >     * deque (when traversing the deque from head to tail).
313 >     * If the deque does not contain the element, it is unchanged.
314 >     * More formally, removes the first element <tt>e</tt> such that
315 >     * <tt>o.equals(e)</tt> (if such an element exists).
316 >     * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this deque contained the specified element
317 >     * (or equivalently, if this deque changed as a result of the call).
318       *
319       * @param o element to be removed from this deque, if present
320       * @return <tt>true</tt> if the deque contained the specified element
# Line 381 | Line 337 | public class ArrayDeque<E> extends Abstr
337  
338      /**
339       * Removes the last occurrence of the specified element in this
340 <     * deque (when traversing the deque from head to tail). More
341 <     * formally, removes the last element e such that (o==null ?
342 <     * e==null : o.equals(e)). If the deque
343 <     * does not contain the element, it is unchanged.
340 >     * deque (when traversing the deque from head to tail).
341 >     * If the deque does not contain the element, it is unchanged.
342 >     * More formally, removes the last element <tt>e</tt> such that
343 >     * <tt>o.equals(e)</tt> (if such an element exists).
344 >     * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this deque contained the specified element
345 >     * (or equivalently, if this deque changed as a result of the call).
346       *
347       * @param o element to be removed from this deque, if present
348       * @return <tt>true</tt> if the deque contained the specified element
# Line 410 | Line 368 | public class ArrayDeque<E> extends Abstr
368      /**
369       * Inserts the specified element at the end of this deque.
370       *
413     * <p>This method is equivalent to {@link #offerLast}.
414     *
415     * @param e the element to insert
416     * @return <tt>true</tt> (as per the spec for {@link Queue#offer})
417     * @throws NullPointerException if <tt>e</tt> is null
418     */
419    public boolean offer(E e) {
420        return offerLast(e);
421    }
422
423    /**
424     * Inserts the specified element at the end of this deque.
425     *
371       * <p>This method is equivalent to {@link #addLast}.
372       *
373 <     * @param e the element to insert
374 <     * @return <tt>true</tt> (as per the spec for {@link Collection#add})
375 <     * @throws NullPointerException if <tt>e</tt> is null
373 >     * @param e the element to add
374 >     * @return <tt>true</tt> (as specified by {@link Collection#add})
375 >     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null
376       */
377      public boolean add(E e) {
378          addLast(e);
# Line 435 | Line 380 | public class ArrayDeque<E> extends Abstr
380      }
381  
382      /**
383 <     * Retrieves and removes the head of the queue represented by
439 <     * this deque, or <tt>null</tt> if this deque is empty.  In other words,
440 <     * retrieves and removes the first element of this deque, or <tt>null</tt>
441 <     * if this deque is empty.
383 >     * Inserts the specified element at the end of this deque.
384       *
385 <     * <p>This method is equivalent to {@link #pollFirst}.
385 >     * <p>This method is equivalent to {@link #offerLast}.
386       *
387 <     * @return the first element of this deque, or <tt>null</tt> if
388 <     *     this deque is empty
387 >     * @param e the element to add
388 >     * @return <tt>true</tt> (as specified by {@link Queue#offer})
389 >     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null
390       */
391 <    public E poll() {
392 <        return pollFirst();
391 >    public boolean offer(E e) {
392 >        return offerLast(e);
393      }
394  
395      /**
396       * Retrieves and removes the head of the queue represented by this deque.
397 <     * This method differs from the <tt>poll</tt> method in that it throws an
397 >     *
398 >     * This method differs from {@link #poll poll} only in that it throws an
399       * exception if this deque is empty.
400       *
401       * <p>This method is equivalent to {@link #removeFirst}.
402       *
403       * @return the head of the queue represented by this deque
404 <     * @throws NoSuchElementException if this deque is empty
404 >     * @throws NoSuchElementException {@inheritDoc}
405       */
406      public E remove() {
407          return removeFirst();
408      }
409  
410      /**
411 <     * Retrieves, but does not remove, the head of the queue represented by
412 <     * this deque, returning <tt>null</tt> if this deque is empty.
411 >     * Retrieves and removes the head of the queue represented by this deque
412 >     * (in other words, the first element of this deque), or returns
413 >     * <tt>null</tt> if this deque is empty.
414       *
415 <     * <p>This method is equivalent to {@link #peekFirst}
415 >     * <p>This method is equivalent to {@link #pollFirst}.
416       *
417       * @return the head of the queue represented by this deque, or
418 <     *     <tt>null</tt> if this deque is empty
418 >     *         <tt>null</tt> if this deque is empty
419       */
420 <    public E peek() {
421 <        return peekFirst();
420 >    public E poll() {
421 >        return pollFirst();
422      }
423  
424      /**
425       * Retrieves, but does not remove, the head of the queue represented by
426 <     * this deque.  This method differs from the <tt>peek</tt> method only in
426 >     * this deque.  This method differs from {@link #peek peek} only in
427       * that it throws an exception if this deque is empty.
428       *
429 <     * <p>This method is equivalent to {@link #getFirst}
429 >     * <p>This method is equivalent to {@link #getFirst}.
430       *
431       * @return the head of the queue represented by this deque
432 <     * @throws NoSuchElementException if this deque is empty
432 >     * @throws NoSuchElementException {@inheritDoc}
433       */
434      public E element() {
435          return getFirst();
436      }
437  
438 +    /**
439 +     * Retrieves, but does not remove, the head of the queue represented by
440 +     * this deque, or returns <tt>null</tt> if this deque is empty.
441 +     *
442 +     * <p>This method is equivalent to {@link #peekFirst}.
443 +     *
444 +     * @return the head of the queue represented by this deque, or
445 +     *         <tt>null</tt> if this deque is empty
446 +     */
447 +    public E peek() {
448 +        return peekFirst();
449 +    }
450 +
451      // *** Stack methods ***
452  
453      /**
# Line 499 | Line 457 | public class ArrayDeque<E> extends Abstr
457       * <p>This method is equivalent to {@link #addFirst}.
458       *
459       * @param e the element to push
460 <     * @throws NullPointerException if <tt>e</tt> is null
460 >     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null
461       */
462      public void push(E e) {
463          addFirst(e);
# Line 512 | Line 470 | public class ArrayDeque<E> extends Abstr
470       * <p>This method is equivalent to {@link #removeFirst()}.
471       *
472       * @return the element at the front of this deque (which is the top
473 <     *     of the stack represented by this deque)
474 <     * @throws NoSuchElementException if this deque is empty
473 >     *         of the stack represented by this deque)
474 >     * @throws NoSuchElementException {@inheritDoc}
475       */
476      public E pop() {
477          return removeFirst();
478      }
479  
480 +    private void checkInvariants() {
481 +        assert elements[tail] == null;
482 +        assert head == tail ? elements[head] == null :
483 +            (elements[head] != null &&
484 +             elements[(tail - 1) & (elements.length - 1)] != null);
485 +        assert elements[(head - 1) & (elements.length - 1)] == null;
486 +    }
487 +
488      /**
489 <     * Remove the element at the specified position in the elements array,
490 <     * adjusting head, tail, and size as necessary.  This can result in
491 <     * motion of elements backwards or forwards in the array.
489 >     * Removes the element at the specified position in the elements array,
490 >     * adjusting head and tail as necessary.  This can result in motion of
491 >     * elements backwards or forwards in the array.
492       *
493       * <p>This method is called delete rather than remove to emphasize
494 <     * that its semantics differ from those of List.remove(int).
494 >     * that its semantics differ from those of {@link List#remove(int)}.
495       *
496       * @return true if elements moved backwards
497       */
498      private boolean delete(int i) {
499 <        // Case 1: Deque doesn't wrap
500 <        // Case 2: Deque does wrap and removed element is in the head portion
501 <        if ((head < tail || tail == 0) || i >= head) {
502 <            System.arraycopy(elements, head, elements, head + 1, i - head);
503 <            elements[head] = null;
504 <            head = (head + 1) & (elements.length - 1);
499 >        checkInvariants();
500 >        final E[] elements = this.elements;
501 >        final int mask = elements.length - 1;
502 >        final int h = head;
503 >        final int t = tail;
504 >        final int front = (i - h) & mask;
505 >        final int back  = (t - i) & mask;
506 >
507 >        // Invariant: head <= i < tail mod circularity
508 >        if (front >= ((t - h) & mask))
509 >            throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
510 >
511 >        // Optimize for least element motion
512 >        if (front < back) {
513 >            if (h <= i) {
514 >                System.arraycopy(elements, h, elements, h + 1, front);
515 >            } else { // Wrap around
516 >                System.arraycopy(elements, 0, elements, 1, i);
517 >                elements[0] = elements[mask];
518 >                System.arraycopy(elements, h, elements, h + 1, mask - h);
519 >            }
520 >            elements[h] = null;
521 >            head = (h + 1) & mask;
522              return false;
523 +        } else {
524 +            if (i < t) { // Copy the null tail as well
525 +                System.arraycopy(elements, i + 1, elements, i, back);
526 +                tail = t - 1;
527 +            } else { // Wrap around
528 +                System.arraycopy(elements, i + 1, elements, i, mask - i);
529 +                elements[mask] = elements[0];
530 +                System.arraycopy(elements, 1, elements, 0, t);
531 +                tail = (t - 1) & mask;
532 +            }
533 +            return true;
534          }
541
542        // Case 3: Deque wraps and removed element is in the tail portion
543        tail--;
544        System.arraycopy(elements, i + 1, elements, i, tail - i);
545        elements[tail] = null;
546        return true;
535      }
536  
537      // *** Collection Methods ***
# Line 558 | Line 546 | public class ArrayDeque<E> extends Abstr
546      }
547  
548      /**
549 <     * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this collection contains no elements.<p>
549 >     * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this deque contains no elements.
550       *
551 <     * @return <tt>true</tt> if this collection contains no elements.
551 >     * @return <tt>true</tt> if this deque contains no elements
552       */
553      public boolean isEmpty() {
554          return head == tail;
# Line 572 | Line 560 | public class ArrayDeque<E> extends Abstr
560       * order that elements would be dequeued (via successive calls to
561       * {@link #remove} or popped (via successive calls to {@link #pop}).
562       *
563 <     * @return an <tt>Iterator</tt> over the elements in this deque
563 >     * @return an iterator over the elements in this deque
564       */
565      public Iterator<E> iterator() {
566          return new DeqIterator();
567      }
568  
569 +    public Iterator<E> descendingIterator() {
570 +        return new DescendingIterator();
571 +    }
572 +
573      private class DeqIterator implements Iterator<E> {
574          /**
575           * Index of element to be returned by subsequent call to next.
# Line 601 | Line 593 | public class ArrayDeque<E> extends Abstr
593          }
594  
595          public E next() {
604            E result;
596              if (cursor == fence)
597                  throw new NoSuchElementException();
598 +            E result = elements[cursor];
599              // This check doesn't catch all possible comodifications,
600              // but does catch the ones that corrupt traversal
601 <            if (tail != fence || (result = elements[cursor]) == null)
601 >            if (tail != fence || result == null)
602                  throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
603              lastRet = cursor;
604              cursor = (cursor + 1) & (elements.length - 1);
# Line 616 | Line 608 | public class ArrayDeque<E> extends Abstr
608          public void remove() {
609              if (lastRet < 0)
610                  throw new IllegalStateException();
611 <            if (delete(lastRet))
612 <                cursor--;
611 >            if (delete(lastRet)) { // if left-shifted, undo increment in next()
612 >                cursor = (cursor - 1) & (elements.length - 1);
613 >                fence = tail;
614 >            }
615 >            lastRet = -1;
616 >        }
617 >    }
618 >
619 >    private class DescendingIterator implements Iterator<E> {
620 >        /*
621 >         * This class is nearly a mirror-image of DeqIterator, using
622 >         * tail instead of head for initial cursor, and head instead of
623 >         * tail for fence.
624 >         */
625 >        private int cursor = tail;
626 >        private int fence = head;
627 >        private int lastRet = -1;
628 >
629 >        public boolean hasNext() {
630 >            return cursor != fence;
631 >        }
632 >
633 >        public E next() {
634 >            if (cursor == fence)
635 >                throw new NoSuchElementException();
636 >            cursor = (cursor - 1) & (elements.length - 1);
637 >            E result = elements[cursor];
638 >            if (head != fence || result == null)
639 >                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
640 >            lastRet = cursor;
641 >            return result;
642 >        }
643 >
644 >        public void remove() {
645 >            if (lastRet < 0)
646 >                throw new IllegalStateException();
647 >            if (!delete(lastRet)) {
648 >                cursor = (cursor + 1) & (elements.length - 1);
649 >                fence = head;
650 >            }
651              lastRet = -1;
622            fence = tail;
652          }
653      }
654  
655      /**
656 <     * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this deque contains the specified
657 <     * element.  More formally, returns <tt>true</tt> if and only if this
658 <     * deque contains at least one element <tt>e</tt> such that
630 <     * <tt>e.equals(o)</tt>.
656 >     * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this deque contains the specified element.
657 >     * More formally, returns <tt>true</tt> if and only if this deque contains
658 >     * at least one element <tt>e</tt> such that <tt>o.equals(e)</tt>.
659       *
660       * @param o object to be checked for containment in this deque
661       * @return <tt>true</tt> if this deque contains the specified element
# Line 648 | Line 676 | public class ArrayDeque<E> extends Abstr
676  
677      /**
678       * Removes a single instance of the specified element from this deque.
679 <     * This method is equivalent to {@link #removeFirstOccurrence}.
679 >     * If the deque does not contain the element, it is unchanged.
680 >     * More formally, removes the first element <tt>e</tt> such that
681 >     * <tt>o.equals(e)</tt> (if such an element exists).
682 >     * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this deque contained the specified element
683 >     * (or equivalently, if this deque changed as a result of the call).
684 >     *
685 >     * <p>This method is equivalent to {@link #removeFirstOccurrence}.
686       *
687 <     * @param e element to be removed from this deque, if present
687 >     * @param o element to be removed from this deque, if present
688       * @return <tt>true</tt> if this deque contained the specified element
689       */
690 <    public boolean remove(Object e) {
691 <        return removeFirstOccurrence(e);
690 >    public boolean remove(Object o) {
691 >        return removeFirstOccurrence(o);
692      }
693  
694      /**
695       * Removes all of the elements from this deque.
696 +     * The deque will be empty after this call returns.
697       */
698      public void clear() {
699          int h = head;
# Line 670 | Line 705 | public class ArrayDeque<E> extends Abstr
705              do {
706                  elements[i] = null;
707                  i = (i + 1) & mask;
708 <            } while(i != t);
708 >            } while (i != t);
709          }
710      }
711  
712      /**
713       * Returns an array containing all of the elements in this deque
714 <     * in the correct order.
714 >     * in proper sequence (from first to last element).
715 >     *
716 >     * <p>The returned array will be "safe" in that no references to it are
717 >     * maintained by this deque.  (In other words, this method must allocate
718 >     * a new array).  The caller is thus free to modify the returned array.
719 >     *
720 >     * <p>This method acts as bridge between array-based and collection-based
721 >     * APIs.
722       *
723       * @return an array containing all of the elements in this deque
682     *         in the correct order
724       */
725      public Object[] toArray() {
726 <        return copyElements(new Object[size()]);
726 >        return copyElements(new Object[size()]);
727      }
728  
729      /**
730 <     * Returns an array containing all of the elements in this deque in the
731 <     * correct order; the runtime type of the returned array is that of the
732 <     * specified array.  If the deque fits in the specified array, it is
733 <     * returned therein.  Otherwise, a new array is allocated with the runtime
734 <     * type of the specified array and the size of this deque.
730 >     * Returns an array containing all of the elements in this deque in
731 >     * proper sequence (from first to last element); the runtime type of the
732 >     * returned array is that of the specified array.  If the deque fits in
733 >     * the specified array, it is returned therein.  Otherwise, a new array
734 >     * is allocated with the runtime type of the specified array and the
735 >     * size of this deque.
736 >     *
737 >     * <p>If this deque fits in the specified array with room to spare
738 >     * (i.e., the array has more elements than this deque), the element in
739 >     * the array immediately following the end of the deque is set to
740 >     * <tt>null</tt>.
741       *
742 <     * <p>If the deque fits in the specified array with room to spare (i.e.,
743 <     * the array has more elements than the deque), the element in the array
744 <     * immediately following the end of the collection is set to <tt>null</tt>.
742 >     * <p>Like the {@link #toArray()} method, this method acts as bridge between
743 >     * array-based and collection-based APIs.  Further, this method allows
744 >     * precise control over the runtime type of the output array, and may,
745 >     * under certain circumstances, be used to save allocation costs.
746 >     *
747 >     * <p>Suppose <tt>x</tt> is a deque known to contain only strings.
748 >     * The following code can be used to dump the deque into a newly
749 >     * allocated array of <tt>String</tt>:
750 >     *
751 >     *  <pre> {@code String[] y = x.toArray(new String[0]);}</pre>
752 >     *
753 >     * Note that <tt>toArray(new Object[0])</tt> is identical in function to
754 >     * <tt>toArray()</tt>.
755       *
756       * @param a the array into which the elements of the deque are to
757 <     *          be stored, if it is big enough; otherwise, a new array of the
758 <     *          same runtime type is allocated for this purpose
759 <     * @return an array containing the elements of the deque
760 <     * @throws ArrayStoreException if the runtime type of a is not a supertype
761 <     *         of the runtime type of every element in this deque
757 >     *          be stored, if it is big enough; otherwise, a new array of the
758 >     *          same runtime type is allocated for this purpose
759 >     * @return an array containing all of the elements in this deque
760 >     * @throws ArrayStoreException if the runtime type of the specified array
761 >     *         is not a supertype of the runtime type of every element in
762 >     *         this deque
763 >     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified array is null
764       */
765      public <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) {
766          int size = size();
767          if (a.length < size)
768              a = (T[])java.lang.reflect.Array.newInstance(
769                      a.getClass().getComponentType(), size);
770 <        copyElements(a);
770 >        copyElements(a);
771          if (a.length > size)
772              a[size] = null;
773          return a;
# Line 724 | Line 783 | public class ArrayDeque<E> extends Abstr
783      public ArrayDeque<E> clone() {
784          try {
785              ArrayDeque<E> result = (ArrayDeque<E>) super.clone();
786 <            // These two lines are currently faster than cloning the array:
728 <            result.elements = (E[]) new Object[elements.length];
729 <            System.arraycopy(elements, 0, result.elements, 0, elements.length);
786 >            result.elements = Arrays.copyOf(elements, elements.length);
787              return result;
788  
789          } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
# Line 746 | Line 803 | public class ArrayDeque<E> extends Abstr
803       * followed by all of its elements (each an object reference) in
804       * first-to-last order.
805       */
806 <    private void writeObject(ObjectOutputStream s) throws IOException {
806 >    private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s)
807 >            throws java.io.IOException {
808          s.defaultWriteObject();
809  
810          // Write out size
811 <        int size = size();
754 <        s.writeInt(size);
811 >        s.writeInt(size());
812  
813          // Write out elements in order.
757        int i = head;
814          int mask = elements.length - 1;
815 <        for (int j = 0; j < size; j++) {
815 >        for (int i = head; i != tail; i = (i + 1) & mask)
816              s.writeObject(elements[i]);
761            i = (i + 1) & mask;
762        }
817      }
818  
819      /**
820       * Deserialize this deque.
821       */
822 <    private void readObject(ObjectInputStream s)
823 <            throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
822 >    private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s)
823 >            throws java.io.IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
824          s.defaultReadObject();
825  
826          // Read in size and allocate array
# Line 778 | Line 832 | public class ArrayDeque<E> extends Abstr
832          // Read in all elements in the proper order.
833          for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
834              elements[i] = (E)s.readObject();
781
835      }
836   }

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