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Comparing jsr166/src/main/java/util/ArrayList.java (file contents):
Revision 1.3 by jsr166, Sat Nov 26 03:03:49 2005 UTC vs.
Revision 1.25 by jsr166, Tue Sep 11 15:38:02 2007 UTC

# Line 1 | Line 1
1   /*
2 < * %W% %E%
2 > * Copyright 1997-2007 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All Rights Reserved.
3 > * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
4   *
5 < * Copyright 2005 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
6 < * SUN PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.
5 > * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
6 > * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
7 > * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Sun designates this
8 > * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
9 > * by Sun in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
10 > *
11 > * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
12 > * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
13 > * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
14 > * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
15 > * accompanied this code).
16 > *
17 > * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
18 > * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
19 > * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
20 > *
21 > * Please contact Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara,
22 > * CA 95054 USA or visit www.sun.com if you need additional information or
23 > * have any questions.
24   */
25  
26   package java.util;
9 import java.util.*; // for javadoc (till 6280605 is fixed)
27  
28   /**
29   * Resizable-array implementation of the <tt>List</tt> interface.  Implements
# Line 14 | Line 31 | import java.util.*; // for javadoc (till
31   * <tt>null</tt>.  In addition to implementing the <tt>List</tt> interface,
32   * this class provides methods to manipulate the size of the array that is
33   * used internally to store the list.  (This class is roughly equivalent to
34 < * <tt>Vector</tt>, except that it is unsynchronized.)<p>
34 > * <tt>Vector</tt>, except that it is unsynchronized.)
35   *
36 < * The <tt>size</tt>, <tt>isEmpty</tt>, <tt>get</tt>, <tt>set</tt>,
36 > * <p>The <tt>size</tt>, <tt>isEmpty</tt>, <tt>get</tt>, <tt>set</tt>,
37   * <tt>iterator</tt>, and <tt>listIterator</tt> operations run in constant
38   * time.  The <tt>add</tt> operation runs in <i>amortized constant time</i>,
39   * that is, adding n elements requires O(n) time.  All of the other operations
40   * run in linear time (roughly speaking).  The constant factor is low compared
41 < * to that for the <tt>LinkedList</tt> implementation.<p>
41 > * to that for the <tt>LinkedList</tt> implementation.
42   *
43 < * Each <tt>ArrayList</tt> instance has a <i>capacity</i>.  The capacity is
43 > * <p>Each <tt>ArrayList</tt> instance has a <i>capacity</i>.  The capacity is
44   * the size of the array used to store the elements in the list.  It is always
45   * at least as large as the list size.  As elements are added to an ArrayList,
46   * its capacity grows automatically.  The details of the growth policy are not
47   * specified beyond the fact that adding an element has constant amortized
48 < * time cost.<p>
48 > * time cost.
49   *
50 < * An application can increase the capacity of an <tt>ArrayList</tt> instance
50 > * <p>An application can increase the capacity of an <tt>ArrayList</tt> instance
51   * before adding a large number of elements using the <tt>ensureCapacity</tt>
52   * operation.  This may reduce the amount of incremental reallocation.
53   *
# Line 49 | Line 66 | import java.util.*; // for javadoc (till
66   * unsynchronized access to the list:<pre>
67   *   List list = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList(...));</pre>
68   *
69 < * <p>The iterators returned by this class's <tt>iterator</tt> and
70 < * <tt>listIterator</tt> methods are <i>fail-fast</i>: if the list is
71 < * structurally modified at any time after the iterator is created, in any way
72 < * except through the iterator's own <tt>remove</tt> or <tt>add</tt> methods,
73 < * the iterator will throw a {@link ConcurrentModificationException}.  Thus, in
74 < * the face of concurrent modification, the iterator fails quickly and cleanly,
75 < * rather than risking arbitrary, non-deterministic behavior at an undetermined
76 < * time in the future.<p>
69 > * <p><a name="fail-fast"/>
70 > * The iterators returned by this class's {@link #iterator() iterator} and
71 > * {@link #listIterator(int) listIterator} methods are <em>fail-fast</em>:
72 > * if the list is structurally modified at any time after the iterator is
73 > * created, in any way except through the iterator's own
74 > * {@link ListIterator#remove() remove} or
75 > * {@link ListIterator#add(Object) add} methods, the iterator will throw a
76 > * {@link ConcurrentModificationException}.  Thus, in the face of
77 > * concurrent modification, the iterator fails quickly and cleanly, rather
78 > * than risking arbitrary, non-deterministic behavior at an undetermined
79 > * time in the future.
80   *
81 < * Note that the fail-fast behavior of an iterator cannot be guaranteed
81 > * <p>Note that the fail-fast behavior of an iterator cannot be guaranteed
82   * as it is, generally speaking, impossible to make any hard guarantees in the
83   * presence of unsynchronized concurrent modification.  Fail-fast iterators
84 < * throw <tt>ConcurrentModificationException</tt> on a best-effort basis.
84 > * throw {@code ConcurrentModificationException} on a best-effort basis.
85   * Therefore, it would be wrong to write a program that depended on this
86 < * exception for its correctness: <i>the fail-fast behavior of iterators
87 < * should be used only to detect bugs.</i><p>
86 > * exception for its correctness:  <i>the fail-fast behavior of iterators
87 > * should be used only to detect bugs.</i>
88   *
89 < * This class is a member of the
90 < * <a href="{@docRoot}/../guide/collections/index.html">
89 > * <p>This class is a member of the
90 > * <a href="{@docRoot}/../technotes/guides/collections/index.html">
91   * Java Collections Framework</a>.
92   *
93   * @author  Josh Bloch
# Line 123 | Line 143 | public class ArrayList<E> extends Abstra
143      /**
144       * Constructs a list containing the elements of the specified
145       * collection, in the order they are returned by the collection's
146 <     * iterator.  The <tt>ArrayList</tt> instance has an initial capacity of
127 <     * 110% the size of the specified collection.
146 >     * iterator.
147       *
148       * @param c the collection whose elements are to be placed into this list
149       * @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection is null
150       */
151      public ArrayList(Collection<? extends E> c) {
133        int size = c.size();
134        // 10% for growth
135        int cap = ((size/10)+1)*11;
136        if (cap > 0) {
137            Object[] a = new Object[cap];
138            a[size] = a[size+1] = UNALLOCATED;
139            Object[] b = c.toArray(a);
140            if (b[size] == null && b[size+1] == UNALLOCATED) {
141                b[size+1] = null;
142                elementData = b;
143                this.size = size;
144                return;
145            }
146        }
147        initFromConcurrentlyMutating(c);
148    }
149    
150    private void initFromConcurrentlyMutating(Collection<? extends E> c) {
152          elementData = c.toArray();
153          size = elementData.length;
154          // c.toArray might (incorrectly) not return Object[] (see 6260652)
155          if (elementData.getClass() != Object[].class)
156              elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size, Object[].class);
157      }
158 <    
158 <    private final static Object UNALLOCATED = new Object();
159 <    
158 >
159      /**
160       * Trims the capacity of this <tt>ArrayList</tt> instance to be the
161       * list's current size.  An application can use this operation to minimize
# Line 179 | Line 178 | public class ArrayList<E> extends Abstra
178       */
179      public void ensureCapacity(int minCapacity) {
180          modCount++;
182        if (minCapacity > elementData.length)
183            growArray(minCapacity);
184    }
185
186    /**
187     * Increase the capacity of the array.
188     * @param   minCapacity   the desired minimum capacity
189     */
190    private void growArray(int minCapacity) {
181          int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
182 <        // Double size if small; else grow by 50%
183 <        int newCapacity = ((oldCapacity < 64)?
184 <                           (oldCapacity * 2):
185 <                           ((oldCapacity * 3)/2 + 1));
186 <        if (newCapacity < minCapacity)
187 <            newCapacity = minCapacity;
188 <        elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);
182 >        if (minCapacity > oldCapacity) {
183 >            Object oldData[] = elementData;
184 >            int newCapacity = (oldCapacity * 3)/2 + 1;
185 >            if (newCapacity < minCapacity)
186 >                newCapacity = minCapacity;
187 >            // minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win:
188 >            elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);
189 >        }
190      }
191  
192      /**
# Line 277 | Line 268 | public class ArrayList<E> extends Abstra
268       */
269      public Object clone() {
270          try {
271 <            ArrayList<E> v = (ArrayList<E>) super.clone();
271 >            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
272 >                ArrayList<E> v = (ArrayList<E>) super.clone();
273              v.elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size);
274              v.modCount = 0;
275              return v;
# Line 329 | Line 321 | public class ArrayList<E> extends Abstra
321       *         this list
322       * @throws NullPointerException if the specified array is null
323       */
324 +    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
325      public <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) {
326          if (a.length < size)
327              // Make a new array of a's runtime type, but my contents:
# Line 341 | Line 334 | public class ArrayList<E> extends Abstra
334  
335      // Positional Access Operations
336  
337 <    /**
338 <     * Create and return an appropriate exception for indexing errors
339 <     */
347 <    private static IndexOutOfBoundsException rangeException(int i, int s) {
348 <        return new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index: " + i + ", Size: " + s);
337 >    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
338 >    E elementData(int index) {
339 >        return (E) elementData[index];
340      }
341  
351    // Positional Access Operations
352
342      /**
343       * Returns the element at the specified position in this list.
344       *
# Line 358 | Line 347 | public class ArrayList<E> extends Abstra
347       * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
348       */
349      public E get(int index) {
350 <        if (index >= size)
351 <            throw rangeException(index, size);
352 <        return (E)elementData[index];
350 >        rangeCheck(index);
351 >
352 >        return elementData(index);
353      }
354  
355      /**
# Line 373 | Line 362 | public class ArrayList<E> extends Abstra
362       * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
363       */
364      public E set(int index, E element) {
365 <        if (index >= size)
377 <             throw rangeException(index, size);
365 >        rangeCheck(index);
366  
367 <        E oldValue = (E) elementData[index];
367 >        E oldValue = elementData(index);
368          elementData[index] = element;
369          return oldValue;
370      }
# Line 388 | Line 376 | public class ArrayList<E> extends Abstra
376       * @return <tt>true</tt> (as specified by {@link Collection#add})
377       */
378      public boolean add(E e) {
379 <        ++modCount;
380 <        int s = size++;
381 <        if (s >= elementData.length)
394 <            growArray(s + 1);
395 <        elementData[s] = e;
396 <        return true;
379 >        ensureCapacity(size + 1);  // Increments modCount!!
380 >        elementData[size++] = e;
381 >        return true;
382      }
383  
384      /**
# Line 406 | Line 391 | public class ArrayList<E> extends Abstra
391       * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
392       */
393      public void add(int index, E element) {
394 <        int s = size;
395 <        if (index > s || index < 0)
396 <            throw rangeException(index, s);
412 <        ++modCount;
413 <        size = s + 1;
414 <        if (s >= elementData.length)
415 <            growArray(s + 1);
394 >        rangeCheckForAdd(index);
395 >
396 >        ensureCapacity(size+1);  // Increments modCount!!
397          System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + 1,
398 <                         s - index);
398 >                         size - index);
399          elementData[index] = element;
400 +        size++;
401      }
402  
403      /**
# Line 428 | Line 410 | public class ArrayList<E> extends Abstra
410       * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
411       */
412      public E remove(int index) {
413 <        int s = size - 1;
414 <        if (index > s)
433 <            throw rangeException(index, size);
434 <        size = s;
413 >        rangeCheck(index);
414 >
415          modCount++;
416 <        Object oldValue = elementData[index];
417 <        int numMoved = s - index;
416 >        E oldValue = elementData(index);
417 >
418 >        int numMoved = size - index - 1;
419          if (numMoved > 0)
420 <            System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,
421 <                             numMoved);
422 <        elementData[s] = null; // forget removed element
423 <        return (E)oldValue;
420 >            System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,
421 >                             numMoved);
422 >        elementData[--size] = null; // Let gc do its work
423 >
424 >        return oldValue;
425      }
426  
427      /**
# Line 537 | Line 519 | public class ArrayList<E> extends Abstra
519       * @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection is null
520       */
521      public boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c) {
522 <        if (index > size || index < 0)
541 <            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(
542 <                "Index: " + index + ", Size: " + size);
522 >        rangeCheckForAdd(index);
523  
524          Object[] a = c.toArray();
525          int numNew = a.length;
# Line 557 | Line 537 | public class ArrayList<E> extends Abstra
537  
538      /**
539       * Removes from this list all of the elements whose index is between
540 <     * <tt>fromIndex</tt>, inclusive, and <tt>toIndex</tt>, exclusive.
540 >     * {@code fromIndex}, inclusive, and {@code toIndex}, exclusive.
541       * Shifts any succeeding elements to the left (reduces their index).
542 <     * This call shortens the list by <tt>(toIndex - fromIndex)</tt> elements.
543 <     * (If <tt>toIndex==fromIndex</tt>, this operation has no effect.)
542 >     * This call shortens the list by {@code (toIndex - fromIndex)} elements.
543 >     * (If {@code toIndex==fromIndex}, this operation has no effect.)
544       *
545 <     * @param fromIndex index of first element to be removed
546 <     * @param toIndex index after last element to be removed
547 <     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if fromIndex or toIndex out of
548 <     *              range (fromIndex &lt; 0 || fromIndex &gt;= size() || toIndex
549 <     *              &gt; size() || toIndex &lt; fromIndex)
545 >     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if {@code fromIndex} or
546 >     *         {@code toIndex} is out of range
547 >     *         ({@code fromIndex < 0 ||
548 >     *          fromIndex >= size() ||
549 >     *          toIndex > size() ||
550 >     *          toIndex < fromIndex})
551       */
552      protected void removeRange(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
553          modCount++;
# Line 581 | Line 562 | public class ArrayList<E> extends Abstra
562      }
563  
564      /**
565 +     * Checks if the given index is in range.  If not, throws an appropriate
566 +     * runtime exception.  This method does *not* check if the index is
567 +     * negative: It is always used immediately prior to an array access,
568 +     * which throws an ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException if index is negative.
569 +     */
570 +    private void rangeCheck(int index) {
571 +        if (index >= size)
572 +            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index));
573 +    }
574 +
575 +    /**
576 +     * A version of rangeCheck used by add and addAll.
577 +     */
578 +    private void rangeCheckForAdd(int index) {
579 +        if (index > size || index < 0)
580 +            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index));
581 +    }
582 +
583 +    /**
584 +     * Constructs an IndexOutOfBoundsException detail message.
585 +     * Of the many possible refactorings of the error handling code,
586 +     * this "outlining" performs best with both server and client VMs.
587 +     */
588 +    private String outOfBoundsMsg(int index) {
589 +        return "Index: "+index+", Size: "+size;
590 +    }
591 +
592 +    /**
593 +     * Removes from this list all of its elements that are contained in the
594 +     * specified collection.
595 +     *
596 +     * @param c collection containing elements to be removed from this list
597 +     * @return {@code true} if this list changed as a result of the call
598 +     * @throws ClassCastException if the class of an element of this list
599 +     *         is incompatible with the specified collection (optional)
600 +     * @throws NullPointerException if this list contains a null element and the
601 +     *         specified collection does not permit null elements (optional),
602 +     *         or if the specified collection is null
603 +     * @see Collection#contains(Object)
604 +     */
605 +    public boolean removeAll(Collection<?> c) {
606 +        return batchRemove(c, false);
607 +    }
608 +
609 +    /**
610 +     * Retains only the elements in this list that are contained in the
611 +     * specified collection.  In other words, removes from this list all
612 +     * of its elements that are not contained in the specified collection.
613 +     *
614 +     * @param c collection containing elements to be retained in this list
615 +     * @return {@code true} if this list changed as a result of the call
616 +     * @throws ClassCastException if the class of an element of this list
617 +     *         is incompatible with the specified collection (optional)
618 +     * @throws NullPointerException if this list contains a null element and the
619 +     *         specified collection does not permit null elements (optional),
620 +     *         or if the specified collection is null
621 +     * @see Collection#contains(Object)
622 +     */
623 +    public boolean retainAll(Collection<?> c) {
624 +        return batchRemove(c, true);
625 +    }
626 +
627 +    private boolean batchRemove(Collection<?> c, boolean complement) {
628 +        final Object[] elementData = this.elementData;
629 +        int r = 0, w = 0;
630 +        boolean modified = false;
631 +        try {
632 +            for (; r < size; r++)
633 +                if (c.contains(elementData[r]) == complement)
634 +                    elementData[w++] = elementData[r];
635 +        } finally {
636 +            // Preserve behavioral compatibility with AbstractCollection,
637 +            // even if c.contains() throws.
638 +            if (r != size) {
639 +                System.arraycopy(elementData, r,
640 +                                 elementData, w,
641 +                                 size - r);
642 +                w += size - r;
643 +            }
644 +            if (w != size) {
645 +                for (int i = w; i < size; i++)
646 +                    elementData[i] = null;
647 +                modCount += size - w;
648 +                size = w;
649 +                modified = true;
650 +            }
651 +        }
652 +        return modified;
653 +    }
654 +
655 +    /**
656       * Save the state of the <tt>ArrayList</tt> instance to a stream (that
657       * is, serialize it).
658       *
# Line 625 | Line 697 | public class ArrayList<E> extends Abstra
697              a[i] = s.readObject();
698      }
699  
628
700      /**
701 <     * Returns a list-iterator of the elements in this list (in proper
701 >     * Returns a list iterator over the elements in this list (in proper
702       * sequence), starting at the specified position in the list.
703 <     * Obeys the general contract of <tt>List.listIterator(int)</tt>.<p>
703 >     * The specified index indicates the first element that would be
704 >     * returned by an initial call to {@link ListIterator#next next}.
705 >     * An initial call to {@link ListIterator#previous previous} would
706 >     * return the element with the specified index minus one.
707 >     *
708 >     * <p>The returned list iterator is <a href="#fail-fast"><i>fail-fast</i></a>.
709       *
634     * The list-iterator is <i>fail-fast</i>: if the list is structurally
635     * modified at any time after the Iterator is created, in any way except
636     * through the list-iterator's own <tt>remove</tt> or <tt>add</tt>
637     * methods, the list-iterator will throw a
638     * <tt>ConcurrentModificationException</tt>.  Thus, in the face of
639     * concurrent modification, the iterator fails quickly and cleanly, rather
640     * than risking arbitrary, non-deterministic behavior at an undetermined
641     * time in the future.
642     *
643     * @param index index of the first element to be returned from the
644     *              list-iterator (by a call to <tt>next</tt>)
645     * @return a ListIterator of the elements in this list (in proper
646     *         sequence), starting at the specified position in the list
710       * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
648     * @see List#listIterator(int)
711       */
712      public ListIterator<E> listIterator(int index) {
713          if (index < 0 || index > size)
714              throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index: "+index);
715 <        return new ArrayListIterator(index);
715 >        return new ListItr(index);
716 >    }
717 >
718 >    /**
719 >     * Returns a list iterator over the elements in this list (in proper
720 >     * sequence).
721 >     *
722 >     * <p>The returned list iterator is <a href="#fail-fast"><i>fail-fast</i></a>.
723 >     *
724 >     * @see #listIterator(int)
725 >     */
726 >    public ListIterator<E> listIterator() {
727 >        return new ListItr(0);
728      }
729 <
729 >
730      /**
731       * Returns an iterator over the elements in this list in proper sequence.
732       *
733 +     * <p>The returned iterator is <a href="#fail-fast"><i>fail-fast</i></a>.
734 +     *
735       * @return an iterator over the elements in this list in proper sequence
736       */
737      public Iterator<E> iterator() {
738 <        return new ArrayListIterator(0);
738 >        return new Itr();
739      }
740  
741      /**
742 <     * A streamlined version of AbstractList.Itr
742 >     * An optimized version of AbstractList.Itr
743       */
744 <    final class ArrayListIterator implements ListIterator<E> {
745 <        int cursor;           // index of next element to return;
746 <        int lastRet;          // index of last element, or -1 if no such
747 <        int expectedModCount; // to check for CME
744 >    private class Itr implements Iterator<E> {
745 >        int cursor;       // index of next element to return
746 >        int lastRet = -1; // index of last element returned; -1 if no such
747 >        int expectedModCount = modCount;
748  
749 <        ArrayListIterator(int index) {
750 <            cursor = index;
675 <            lastRet = -1;
676 <            expectedModCount = modCount;
749 >        public boolean hasNext() {
750 >            return cursor != size;
751          }
752  
753 <        public boolean hasNext() {
754 <            return cursor < size;
753 >        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
754 >        public E next() {
755 >            checkForComodification();
756 >            int i = cursor;
757 >            if (i >= size)
758 >                throw new NoSuchElementException();
759 >            Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData;
760 >            if (i >= elementData.length)
761 >                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
762 >            cursor = i + 1;
763 >            return (E) elementData[lastRet = i];
764 >        }
765 >
766 >        public void remove() {
767 >            if (lastRet < 0)
768 >                throw new IllegalStateException();
769 >            checkForComodification();
770 >
771 >            try {
772 >                ArrayList.this.remove(lastRet);
773 >                cursor = lastRet;
774 >                lastRet = -1;
775 >                expectedModCount = modCount;
776 >            } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
777 >                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
778 >            }
779 >        }
780 >
781 >        final void checkForComodification() {
782 >            if (modCount != expectedModCount)
783 >                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
784 >        }
785 >    }
786 >
787 >    /**
788 >     * An optimized version of AbstractList.ListItr
789 >     */
790 >    private class ListItr extends Itr implements ListIterator<E> {
791 >        ListItr(int index) {
792 >            super();
793 >            cursor = index;
794          }
795  
796          public boolean hasPrevious() {
797 <            return cursor > 0;
797 >            return cursor != 0;
798          }
799  
800          public int nextIndex() {
# Line 692 | Line 805 | public class ArrayList<E> extends Abstra
805              return cursor - 1;
806          }
807  
808 <        public E next() {
696 <            if (expectedModCount == modCount) {
697 <                int i = cursor;
698 <                if (i < size) {
699 <                    try {
700 <                        E e = (E)elementData[i];
701 <                        lastRet = i;
702 <                        cursor = i + 1;
703 <                        return e;
704 <                    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException fallthrough) {
705 <                    }
706 <                }
707 <            }
708 <            // Prefer reporting CME if applicable on failures
709 <            if (expectedModCount == modCount)
710 <                throw new NoSuchElementException();
711 <            throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
712 <        }
713 <
808 >        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
809          public E previous() {
810 <            if (expectedModCount == modCount) {
811 <                int i = cursor - 1;
812 <                if (i < size) {
813 <                    try {
814 <                        E e = (E)elementData[i];
815 <                        lastRet = i;
816 <                        cursor = i;
817 <                        return e;
818 <                    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException fallthrough) {
724 <                    }
725 <                }
726 <            }
727 <            if (expectedModCount == modCount)
728 <                throw new NoSuchElementException();
729 <            throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
810 >            checkForComodification();
811 >            int i = cursor - 1;
812 >            if (i < 0)
813 >                throw new NoSuchElementException();
814 >            Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData;
815 >            if (i >= elementData.length)
816 >                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
817 >            cursor = i;
818 >            return (E) elementData[lastRet = i];
819          }
820  
732        public void remove() {
733            if (lastRet < 0)
734                throw new IllegalStateException();
735            if (modCount != expectedModCount)
736                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
737            ArrayList.this.remove(lastRet);
738            if (lastRet < cursor)
739                cursor--;
740            lastRet = -1;
741            expectedModCount = modCount;
742        }
743
821          public void set(E e) {
822              if (lastRet < 0)
823                  throw new IllegalStateException();
824 <            if (modCount != expectedModCount)
825 <                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
826 <            ArrayList.this.set(lastRet, e);
827 <            expectedModCount = modCount;
824 >            checkForComodification();
825 >
826 >            try {
827 >                ArrayList.this.set(lastRet, e);
828 >            } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
829 >                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
830 >            }
831          }
832  
833          public void add(E e) {
834 <            if (modCount != expectedModCount)
835 <                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
836 <            ArrayList.this.add(cursor++, e);
837 <            lastRet = -1;
838 <            expectedModCount = modCount;
834 >            checkForComodification();
835 >
836 >            try {
837 >                int i = cursor;
838 >                ArrayList.this.add(i, e);
839 >                cursor = i + 1;
840 >                lastRet = -1;
841 >                expectedModCount = modCount;
842 >            } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
843 >                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
844 >            }
845          }
846      }
847  
848 +    /**
849 +     * Returns a view of the portion of this list between the specified
850 +     * {@code fromIndex}, inclusive, and {@code toIndex}, exclusive.  (If
851 +     * {@code fromIndex} and {@code toIndex} are equal, the returned list is
852 +     * empty.)  The returned list is backed by this list, so non-structural
853 +     * changes in the returned list are reflected in this list, and vice-versa.
854 +     * The returned list supports all of the optional list operations.
855 +     *
856 +     * <p>This method eliminates the need for explicit range operations (of
857 +     * the sort that commonly exist for arrays).  Any operation that expects
858 +     * a list can be used as a range operation by passing a subList view
859 +     * instead of a whole list.  For example, the following idiom
860 +     * removes a range of elements from a list:
861 +     * <pre>
862 +     *      list.subList(from, to).clear();
863 +     * </pre>
864 +     * Similar idioms may be constructed for {@link #indexOf(Object)} and
865 +     * {@link #lastIndexOf(Object)}, and all of the algorithms in the
866 +     * {@link Collections} class can be applied to a subList.
867 +     *
868 +     * <p>The semantics of the list returned by this method become undefined if
869 +     * the backing list (i.e., this list) is <i>structurally modified</i> in
870 +     * any way other than via the returned list.  (Structural modifications are
871 +     * those that change the size of this list, or otherwise perturb it in such
872 +     * a fashion that iterations in progress may yield incorrect results.)
873 +     *
874 +     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
875 +     * @throws IllegalArgumentException {@inheritDoc}
876 +     */
877 +    public List<E> subList(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
878 +        subListRangeCheck(fromIndex, toIndex, size);
879 +        return new SubList(this, 0, fromIndex, toIndex);
880 +    }
881 +
882 +    static void subListRangeCheck(int fromIndex, int toIndex, int size) {
883 +        if (fromIndex < 0)
884 +            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("fromIndex = " + fromIndex);
885 +        if (toIndex > size)
886 +            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("toIndex = " + toIndex);
887 +        if (fromIndex > toIndex)
888 +            throw new IllegalArgumentException("fromIndex(" + fromIndex +
889 +                                               ") > toIndex(" + toIndex + ")");
890 +    }
891 +
892 +    private class SubList extends AbstractList<E> implements RandomAccess {
893 +        private final AbstractList<E> parent;
894 +        private final int parentOffset;
895 +        private final int offset;
896 +        private int size;
897 +
898 +        SubList(AbstractList<E> parent,
899 +                int offset, int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
900 +            this.parent = parent;
901 +            this.parentOffset = fromIndex;
902 +            this.offset = offset + fromIndex;
903 +            this.size = toIndex - fromIndex;
904 +            this.modCount = ArrayList.this.modCount;
905 +        }
906 +
907 +        public E set(int index, E e) {
908 +            rangeCheck(index);
909 +            checkForComodification();
910 +            E oldValue = ArrayList.this.elementData(offset + index);
911 +            ArrayList.this.elementData[offset + index] = e;
912 +            return oldValue;
913 +        }
914 +
915 +        public E get(int index) {
916 +            rangeCheck(index);
917 +            checkForComodification();
918 +            return ArrayList.this.elementData(offset + index);
919 +        }
920 +
921 +        public int size() {
922 +            checkForComodification();
923 +            return this.size;
924 +        }
925 +
926 +        public void add(int index, E e) {
927 +            rangeCheckForAdd(index);
928 +            checkForComodification();
929 +            parent.add(parentOffset + index, e);
930 +            this.modCount = parent.modCount;
931 +            this.size++;
932 +        }
933 +
934 +        public E remove(int index) {
935 +            rangeCheck(index);
936 +            checkForComodification();
937 +            E result = parent.remove(parentOffset + index);
938 +            this.modCount = parent.modCount;
939 +            this.size--;
940 +            return result;
941 +        }
942 +
943 +        protected void removeRange(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
944 +            checkForComodification();
945 +            parent.removeRange(parentOffset + fromIndex,
946 +                               parentOffset + toIndex);
947 +            this.modCount = parent.modCount;
948 +            this.size -= toIndex - fromIndex;
949 +        }
950 +
951 +        public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) {
952 +            return addAll(this.size, c);
953 +        }
954 +
955 +        public boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c) {
956 +            rangeCheckForAdd(index);
957 +            int cSize = c.size();
958 +            if (cSize==0)
959 +                return false;
960 +
961 +            checkForComodification();
962 +            parent.addAll(parentOffset + index, c);
963 +            this.modCount = parent.modCount;
964 +            this.size += cSize;
965 +            return true;
966 +        }
967 +
968 +        public Iterator<E> iterator() {
969 +            return listIterator();
970 +        }
971 +
972 +        public ListIterator<E> listIterator(final int index) {
973 +            checkForComodification();
974 +            rangeCheckForAdd(index);
975 +
976 +            return new ListIterator<E>() {
977 +                int cursor = index;
978 +                int lastRet = -1;
979 +                int expectedModCount = ArrayList.this.modCount;
980 +
981 +                public boolean hasNext() {
982 +                    return cursor != SubList.this.size;
983 +                }
984 +
985 +                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
986 +                public E next() {
987 +                    checkForComodification();
988 +                    int i = cursor;
989 +                    if (i >= SubList.this.size)
990 +                        throw new NoSuchElementException();
991 +                    Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData;
992 +                    if (offset + i >= elementData.length)
993 +                        throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
994 +                    cursor = i + 1;
995 +                    return (E) elementData[offset + (lastRet = i)];
996 +                }
997 +
998 +                public boolean hasPrevious() {
999 +                    return cursor != 0;
1000 +                }
1001 +
1002 +                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
1003 +                public E previous() {
1004 +                    checkForComodification();
1005 +                    int i = cursor - 1;
1006 +                    if (i < 0)
1007 +                        throw new NoSuchElementException();
1008 +                    Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData;
1009 +                    if (offset + i >= elementData.length)
1010 +                        throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
1011 +                    cursor = i;
1012 +                    return (E) elementData[offset + (lastRet = i)];
1013 +                }
1014 +
1015 +                public int nextIndex() {
1016 +                    return cursor;
1017 +                }
1018 +
1019 +                public int previousIndex() {
1020 +                    return cursor - 1;
1021 +                }
1022 +
1023 +                public void remove() {
1024 +                    if (lastRet < 0)
1025 +                        throw new IllegalStateException();
1026 +                    checkForComodification();
1027 +
1028 +                    try {
1029 +                        SubList.this.remove(lastRet);
1030 +                        cursor = lastRet;
1031 +                        lastRet = -1;
1032 +                        expectedModCount = ArrayList.this.modCount;
1033 +                    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
1034 +                        throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
1035 +                    }
1036 +                }
1037 +
1038 +                public void set(E e) {
1039 +                    if (lastRet < 0)
1040 +                        throw new IllegalStateException();
1041 +                    checkForComodification();
1042 +
1043 +                    try {
1044 +                        ArrayList.this.set(offset + lastRet, e);
1045 +                    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
1046 +                        throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
1047 +                    }
1048 +                }
1049 +
1050 +                public void add(E e) {
1051 +                    checkForComodification();
1052 +
1053 +                    try {
1054 +                        int i = cursor;
1055 +                        SubList.this.add(i, e);
1056 +                        cursor = i + 1;
1057 +                        lastRet = -1;
1058 +                        expectedModCount = ArrayList.this.modCount;
1059 +                    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
1060 +                        throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
1061 +                    }
1062 +                }
1063 +
1064 +                final void checkForComodification() {
1065 +                    if (expectedModCount != ArrayList.this.modCount)
1066 +                        throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
1067 +                }
1068 +            };
1069 +        }
1070 +
1071 +        public List<E> subList(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
1072 +            subListRangeCheck(fromIndex, toIndex, size);
1073 +            return new SubList(this, offset, fromIndex, toIndex);
1074 +        }
1075 +
1076 +        private void rangeCheck(int index) {
1077 +            if (index < 0 || index >= this.size)
1078 +                throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index));
1079 +        }
1080 +
1081 +        private void rangeCheckForAdd(int index) {
1082 +            if (index < 0 || index > this.size)
1083 +                throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index));
1084 +        }
1085 +
1086 +        private String outOfBoundsMsg(int index) {
1087 +            return "Index: "+index+", Size: "+this.size;
1088 +        }
1089 +
1090 +        private void checkForComodification() {
1091 +            if (ArrayList.this.modCount != this.modCount)
1092 +                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
1093 +        }
1094 +    }
1095   }

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