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Comparing jsr166/src/main/java/util/PriorityQueue.java (file contents):
Revision 1.1 by tim, Wed May 14 21:30:45 2003 UTC vs.
Revision 1.35 by dl, Wed Aug 27 10:27:07 2003 UTC

# Line 1 | Line 1
1 < package java.util;
2 <
3 < import java.util.*;
1 > package java.util;
2  
3   /**
4 < * An unbounded (resizable) priority queue based on a priority
5 < * heap.The take operation returns the least element with respect to
6 < * the given ordering. (If more than one element is tied for least
7 < * value, one of them is arbitrarily chosen to be returned -- no
8 < * guarantees are made for ordering across ties.) Ordering follows the
9 < * java.util.Collection conventions: Either the elements must be
10 < * Comparable, or a Comparator must be supplied. Comparison failures
11 < * throw ClassCastExceptions during insertions and extractions.
12 < **/
13 < public class PriorityQueue<E> extends AbstractCollection<E> implements Queue<E> {
14 <    public PriorityQueue(int initialCapacity) {}
15 <    public PriorityQueue(int initialCapacity, Comparator comparator) {}
4 > * An unbounded priority {@linkplain Queue queue} based on a priority heap.  
5 > * This queue orders
6 > * elements according to an order specified at construction time, which is
7 > * specified in the same manner as {@link java.util.TreeSet} and
8 > * {@link java.util.TreeMap}: elements are ordered
9 > * either according to their <i>natural order</i> (see {@link Comparable}), or
10 > * according to a {@link java.util.Comparator}, depending on which
11 > * constructor is used.
12 > * <p>The <em>head</em> of this queue is the <em>least</em> element with
13 > * respect to the specified ordering.
14 > * If multiple elements are tied for least value, the
15 > * head is one of those elements. A priority queue does not permit
16 > * <tt>null</tt> elements.
17 > *
18 > * <p>The {@link #remove()} and {@link #poll()} methods remove and
19 > * return the head of the queue.
20 > *
21 > * <p>The {@link #element()} and {@link #peek()} methods return, but do
22 > * not delete, the head of the queue.
23 > *
24 > * <p>A priority queue has a <i>capacity</i>.  The capacity is the
25 > * size of the array used internally to store the elements on the
26 > * queue.
27 > * It is always at least as large as the queue size.  As
28 > * elements are added to a priority queue, its capacity grows
29 > * automatically.  The details of the growth policy are not specified.
30 > *
31 > * <p>The Iterator provided in method {@link #iterator()} is <em>not</em>
32 > * guaranteed to traverse the elements of the PriorityQueue in any
33 > * particular order. If you need ordered traversal, consider using
34 > * <tt>Arrays.sort(pq.toArray())</tt>.
35 > *
36 > * <p> <strong>Note that this implementation is not synchronized.</strong>
37 > * Multiple threads should not access a <tt>PriorityQueue</tt>
38 > * instance concurrently if any of the threads modifies the list
39 > * structurally. Instead, use the thread-safe {@link
40 > * java.util.concurrent.PriorityBlockingQueue} class.
41 > *
42 > *
43 > * <p>Implementation note: this implementation provides O(log(n)) time
44 > * for the insertion methods (<tt>offer</tt>, <tt>poll</tt>,
45 > * <tt>remove()</tt> and <tt>add</tt>) methods; linear time for the
46 > * <tt>remove(Object)</tt> and <tt>contains(Object)</tt> methods; and
47 > * constant time for the retrieval methods (<tt>peek</tt>,
48 > * <tt>element</tt>, and <tt>size</tt>).
49 > *
50 > * <p>This class is a member of the
51 > * <a href="{@docRoot}/../guide/collections/index.html">
52 > * Java Collections Framework</a>.
53 > * @since 1.5
54 > * @author Josh Bloch
55 > */
56 > public class PriorityQueue<E> extends AbstractQueue<E>
57 >    implements Queue<E>, java.io.Serializable {
58  
59 <    public PriorityQueue(int initialCapacity, Collection initialElements) {}
59 >    private static final long serialVersionUID = -7720805057305804111L;
60  
61 <    public PriorityQueue(int initialCapacity, Comparator comparator, Collection initialElements) {}
61 >    private static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 11;
62  
63 <    public boolean add(E x) {
64 <        return false;
63 >    /**
64 >     * Priority queue represented as a balanced binary heap: the two children
65 >     * of queue[n] are queue[2*n] and queue[2*n + 1].  The priority queue is
66 >     * ordered by comparator, or by the elements' natural ordering, if
67 >     * comparator is null:  For each node n in the heap and each descendant d
68 >     * of n, n <= d.
69 >     *
70 >     * The element with the lowest value is in queue[1], assuming the queue is
71 >     * nonempty.  (A one-based array is used in preference to the traditional
72 >     * zero-based array to simplify parent and child calculations.)
73 >     *
74 >     * queue.length must be >= 2, even if size == 0.
75 >     */
76 >    private transient Object[] queue;
77 >
78 >    /**
79 >     * The number of elements in the priority queue.
80 >     */
81 >    private int size = 0;
82 >
83 >    /**
84 >     * The comparator, or null if priority queue uses elements'
85 >     * natural ordering.
86 >     */
87 >    private final Comparator<? super E> comparator;
88 >
89 >    /**
90 >     * The number of times this priority queue has been
91 >     * <i>structurally modified</i>.  See AbstractList for gory details.
92 >     */
93 >    private transient int modCount = 0;
94 >
95 >    /**
96 >     * Creates a <tt>PriorityQueue</tt> with the default initial capacity
97 >     * (11) that orders its elements according to their natural
98 >     * ordering (using <tt>Comparable</tt>).
99 >     */
100 >    public PriorityQueue() {
101 >        this(DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY, null);
102      }
103 <    public boolean offer(E x) {
104 <        return false;
103 >
104 >    /**
105 >     * Creates a <tt>PriorityQueue</tt> with the specified initial capacity
106 >     * that orders its elements according to their natural ordering
107 >     * (using <tt>Comparable</tt>).
108 >     *
109 >     * @param initialCapacity the initial capacity for this priority queue.
110 >     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if <tt>initialCapacity</tt> is less
111 >     * than 1
112 >     */
113 >    public PriorityQueue(int initialCapacity) {
114 >        this(initialCapacity, null);
115      }
116 <    public boolean remove(Object x) {
117 <        return false;
116 >
117 >    /**
118 >     * Creates a <tt>PriorityQueue</tt> with the specified initial capacity
119 >     * that orders its elements according to the specified comparator.
120 >     *
121 >     * @param initialCapacity the initial capacity for this priority queue.
122 >     * @param comparator the comparator used to order this priority queue.
123 >     * If <tt>null</tt> then the order depends on the elements' natural
124 >     * ordering.
125 >     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if <tt>initialCapacity</tt> is less
126 >     * than 1
127 >     */
128 >    public PriorityQueue(int initialCapacity,
129 >                         Comparator<? super E> comparator) {
130 >        if (initialCapacity < 1)
131 >            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
132 >        this.queue = new Object[initialCapacity + 1];
133 >        this.comparator = comparator;
134      }
135  
136 <    public E remove() {
137 <        return null;
136 >    /**
137 >     * Common code to initialize underlying queue array across
138 >     * constructors below.
139 >     */
140 >    private void initializeArray(Collection<? extends E> c) {
141 >        int sz = c.size();
142 >        int initialCapacity = (int)Math.min((sz * 110L) / 100,
143 >                                            Integer.MAX_VALUE - 1);
144 >        if (initialCapacity < 1)
145 >            initialCapacity = 1;
146 >
147 >        this.queue = new Object[initialCapacity + 1];
148      }
149 <    public Iterator<E> iterator() {
150 <      return null;
149 >
150 >    /**
151 >     * Initially fill elements of the queue array under the
152 >     * knowledge that it is sorted or is another PQ, in which
153 >     * case we can just place the elements without fixups.
154 >     */
155 >    private void fillFromSorted(Collection<? extends E> c) {
156 >        for (Iterator<? extends E> i = c.iterator(); i.hasNext(); )
157 >            queue[++size] = i.next();
158 >    }
159 >
160 >
161 >    /**
162 >     * Initially fill elements of the queue array that is
163 >     * not to our knowledge sorted, so we must add them
164 >     * one by one.
165 >     */
166 >    private void fillFromUnsorted(Collection<? extends E> c) {
167 >        for (Iterator<? extends E> i = c.iterator(); i.hasNext(); )
168 >            add(i.next());
169 >    }
170 >
171 >    /**
172 >     * Creates a <tt>PriorityQueue</tt> containing the elements in the
173 >     * specified collection.  The priority queue has an initial
174 >     * capacity of 110% of the size of the specified collection or 1
175 >     * if the collection is empty.  If the specified collection is an
176 >     * instance of a {@link java.util.SortedSet} or is another
177 >     * <tt>PriorityQueue</tt>, the priority queue will be sorted
178 >     * according to the same comparator, or according to its elements'
179 >     * natural order if the collection is sorted according to its
180 >     * elements' natural order.  Otherwise, the priority queue is
181 >     * ordered according to its elements' natural order.
182 >     *
183 >     * @param c the collection whose elements are to be placed
184 >     *        into this priority queue.
185 >     * @throws ClassCastException if elements of the specified collection
186 >     *         cannot be compared to one another according to the priority
187 >     *         queue's ordering.
188 >     * @throws NullPointerException if <tt>c</tt> or any element within it
189 >     * is <tt>null</tt>
190 >     */
191 >    public PriorityQueue(Collection<? extends E> c) {
192 >        initializeArray(c);
193 >        if (c instanceof SortedSet) {
194 >            // @fixme double-cast workaround for compiler
195 >            SortedSet<? extends E> s = (SortedSet<? extends E>) (SortedSet)c;
196 >            comparator = (Comparator<? super E>)s.comparator();
197 >            fillFromSorted(s);
198 >        } else if (c instanceof PriorityQueue) {
199 >            PriorityQueue<? extends E> s = (PriorityQueue<? extends E>) c;
200 >            comparator = (Comparator<? super E>)s.comparator();
201 >            fillFromSorted(s);
202 >        } else {
203 >            comparator = null;
204 >            fillFromUnsorted(c);
205 >        }
206 >    }
207 >
208 >    /**
209 >     * Creates a <tt>PriorityQueue</tt> containing the elements in the
210 >     * specified collection.  The priority queue has an initial
211 >     * capacity of 110% of the size of the specified collection or 1
212 >     * if the collection is empty.  This priority queue will be sorted
213 >     * according to the same comparator as the given collection, or
214 >     * according to its elements' natural order if the collection is
215 >     * sorted according to its elements' natural order.
216 >     *
217 >     * @param c the collection whose elements are to be placed
218 >     *        into this priority queue.
219 >     * @throws ClassCastException if elements of the specified collection
220 >     *         cannot be compared to one another according to the priority
221 >     *         queue's ordering.
222 >     * @throws NullPointerException if <tt>c</tt> or any element within it
223 >     * is <tt>null</tt>
224 >     */
225 >    public PriorityQueue(PriorityQueue<? extends E> c) {
226 >        initializeArray(c);
227 >        comparator = (Comparator<? super E>)c.comparator();
228 >        fillFromSorted(c);
229 >    }
230 >
231 >    /**
232 >     * Creates a <tt>PriorityQueue</tt> containing the elements in the
233 >     * specified collection.  The priority queue has an initial
234 >     * capacity of 110% of the size of the specified collection or 1
235 >     * if the collection is empty.  This priority queue will be sorted
236 >     * according to the same comparator as the given collection, or
237 >     * according to its elements' natural order if the collection is
238 >     * sorted according to its elements' natural order.
239 >     *
240 >     * @param c the collection whose elements are to be placed
241 >     *        into this priority queue.
242 >     * @throws ClassCastException if elements of the specified collection
243 >     *         cannot be compared to one another according to the priority
244 >     *         queue's ordering.
245 >     * @throws NullPointerException if <tt>c</tt> or any element within it
246 >     * is <tt>null</tt>
247 >     */
248 >    public PriorityQueue(SortedSet<? extends E> c) {
249 >        initializeArray(c);
250 >        comparator = (Comparator<? super E>)c.comparator();
251 >        fillFromSorted(c);
252 >    }
253 >
254 >    /**
255 >     * Resize array, if necessary, to be able to hold given index
256 >     */
257 >    private void grow(int index) {
258 >        int newlen = queue.length;
259 >        if (index < newlen) // don't need to grow
260 >            return;
261 >        if (index == Integer.MAX_VALUE)
262 >            throw new OutOfMemoryError();
263 >        while (newlen <= index) {
264 >            if (newlen >= Integer.MAX_VALUE / 2)  // avoid overflow
265 >                newlen = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
266 >            else
267 >                newlen <<= 2;
268 >        }
269 >        Object[] newQueue = new Object[newlen];
270 >        System.arraycopy(queue, 0, newQueue, 0, queue.length);
271 >        queue = newQueue;
272      }
273 +            
274 +    // Queue Methods
275  
276 <    public E element() {
277 <        return null;
276 >
277 >
278 >    /**
279 >     * Add the specified element to this priority queue.
280 >     *
281 >     * @return <tt>true</tt>
282 >     * @throws ClassCastException if the specified element cannot be compared
283 >     * with elements currently in the priority queue according
284 >     * to the priority queue's ordering.
285 >     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is <tt>null</tt>.
286 >     */
287 >    public boolean offer(E o) {
288 >        if (o == null)
289 >            throw new NullPointerException();
290 >        modCount++;
291 >        ++size;
292 >
293 >        // Grow backing store if necessary
294 >        if (size >= queue.length)
295 >            grow(size);
296 >
297 >        queue[size] = o;
298 >        fixUp(size);
299 >        return true;
300      }
301 +
302      public E poll() {
303 <        return null;
303 >        if (size == 0)
304 >            return null;
305 >        return (E) remove(1);
306      }
307 +
308      public E peek() {
309 <        return null;
309 >        return (E) queue[1];
310      }
311  
312 <    public boolean isEmpty() {
312 >    // Collection Methods - the first two override to update docs
313 >
314 >    /**
315 >     * Adds the specified element to this queue.
316 >     * @return <tt>true</tt> (as per the general contract of
317 >     * <tt>Collection.add</tt>).
318 >     *
319 >     * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
320 >     * @throws ClassCastException if the specified element cannot be compared
321 >     * with elements currently in the priority queue according
322 >     * to the priority queue's ordering.
323 >     */
324 >    public boolean add(E o) {
325 >        return super.add(o);
326 >    }
327 >
328 >  
329 >    /**
330 >     * Adds all of the elements in the specified collection to this queue.
331 >     * The behavior of this operation is undefined if
332 >     * the specified collection is modified while the operation is in
333 >     * progress.  (This implies that the behavior of this call is undefined if
334 >     * the specified collection is this queue, and this queue is nonempty.)
335 >     * <p>
336 >     * This implementation iterates over the specified collection, and adds
337 >     * each object returned by the iterator to this collection, in turn.
338 >     * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
339 >     * @throws ClassCastException if any element cannot be compared
340 >     * with elements currently in the priority queue according
341 >     * to the priority queue's ordering.
342 >     */
343 >    public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) {
344 >        return super.addAll(c);
345 >    }
346 >
347 >
348 > /**
349 >     * Removes a single instance of the specified element from this
350 >     * queue, if it is present.  More formally,
351 >     * removes an element <tt>e</tt> such that <tt>(o==null ? e==null :
352 >     * o.equals(e))</tt>, if the queue contains one or more such
353 >     * elements.  Returns <tt>true</tt> if the queue contained the
354 >     * specified element (or equivalently, if the queue changed as a
355 >     * result of the call).
356 >     *
357 >     * <p>This implementation iterates over the queue looking for the
358 >     * specified element.  If it finds the element, it removes the element
359 >     * from the queue using the iterator's remove method.<p>
360 >     *
361 >     */
362 >    public boolean remove(Object o) {
363 >        if (o == null)
364 >            return false;
365 >
366 >        if (comparator == null) {
367 >            for (int i = 1; i <= size; i++) {
368 >                if (((Comparable<E>)queue[i]).compareTo((E)o) == 0) {
369 >                    remove(i);
370 >                    return true;
371 >                }
372 >            }
373 >        } else {
374 >            for (int i = 1; i <= size; i++) {
375 >                if (comparator.compare((E)queue[i], (E)o) == 0) {
376 >                    remove(i);
377 >                    return true;
378 >                }
379 >            }
380 >        }
381          return false;
382      }
383 +
384 +    /**
385 +     * Returns an iterator over the elements in this queue. The iterator
386 +     * does not return the elements in any particular order.
387 +     *
388 +     * @return an iterator over the elements in this queue.
389 +     */
390 +    public Iterator<E> iterator() {
391 +        return new Itr();
392 +    }
393 +
394 +    private class Itr implements Iterator<E> {
395 +
396 +        /**
397 +         * Index (into queue array) of element to be returned by
398 +         * subsequent call to next.
399 +         */
400 +        private int cursor = 1;
401 +
402 +        /**
403 +         * Index of element returned by most recent call to next or
404 +         * previous.  Reset to 0 if this element is deleted by a call
405 +         * to remove.
406 +         */
407 +        private int lastRet = 0;
408 +
409 +        /**
410 +         * The modCount value that the iterator believes that the backing
411 +         * List should have.  If this expectation is violated, the iterator
412 +         * has detected concurrent modification.
413 +         */
414 +        private int expectedModCount = modCount;
415 +
416 +        // Workarounds until version that better handles remove() installed.
417 +        // These are used to copy-on-write the array upon first remove
418 +        private Object[] q = queue;
419 +        private int qsize = size;
420 +
421 +        public boolean hasNext() {
422 +            return cursor <= qsize;
423 +        }
424 +
425 +        public E next() {
426 +            checkForComodification();
427 +            if (cursor > qsize)
428 +                throw new NoSuchElementException();
429 +            E result = (E) q[cursor];
430 +            lastRet = cursor++;
431 +            return result;
432 +        }
433 +
434 +        public void remove() {
435 +            if (lastRet == 0)
436 +                throw new IllegalStateException();
437 +            checkForComodification();
438 +
439 +            // Copy on first remove
440 +            if (q == queue) {
441 +                q = new Object[queue.length];
442 +                System.arraycopy(queue, 0, q, 0, queue.length);
443 +            }
444 +            PriorityQueue.this.remove(q[lastRet]);
445 +
446 +            lastRet = 0;
447 +            expectedModCount = modCount;
448 +        }
449 +
450 +        final void checkForComodification() {
451 +            if (modCount != expectedModCount)
452 +                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
453 +        }
454 +    }
455 +
456      public int size() {
457 <        return 0;
457 >        return size;
458 >    }
459 >
460 >    /**
461 >     * Remove all elements from the priority queue.
462 >     */
463 >    public void clear() {
464 >        modCount++;
465 >
466 >        // Null out element references to prevent memory leak
467 >        for (int i=1; i<=size; i++)
468 >            queue[i] = null;
469 >
470 >        size = 0;
471      }
472 <    public Object[] toArray() {
473 <        return null;
472 >
473 >    /**
474 >     * Removes and returns the ith element from queue.  Recall
475 >     * that queue is one-based, so 1 <= i <= size.
476 >     *
477 >     */
478 >    private E remove(int i) {
479 >        assert i <= size;
480 >        modCount++;
481 >
482 >        E result = (E) queue[i];
483 >        queue[i] = queue[size];
484 >        queue[size--] = null;  // Drop extra ref to prevent memory leak
485 >        if (i <= size) {
486 >            fixDown(i);
487 >            fixUp(i);
488 >        }
489 >
490 >        return result;
491 >    }
492 >
493 >    /**
494 >     * Establishes the heap invariant (described above) assuming the heap
495 >     * satisfies the invariant except possibly for the leaf-node indexed by k
496 >     * (which may have a nextExecutionTime less than its parent's).
497 >     *
498 >     * This method functions by "promoting" queue[k] up the hierarchy
499 >     * (by swapping it with its parent) repeatedly until queue[k]
500 >     * is greater than or equal to its parent.
501 >     */
502 >    private void fixUp(int k) {
503 >        if (comparator == null) {
504 >            while (k > 1) {
505 >                int j = k >> 1;
506 >                if (((Comparable<E>)queue[j]).compareTo((E)queue[k]) <= 0)
507 >                    break;
508 >                Object tmp = queue[j];  queue[j] = queue[k]; queue[k] = tmp;
509 >                k = j;
510 >            }
511 >        } else {
512 >            while (k > 1) {
513 >                int j = k >>> 1;
514 >                if (comparator.compare((E)queue[j], (E)queue[k]) <= 0)
515 >                    break;
516 >                Object tmp = queue[j];  queue[j] = queue[k]; queue[k] = tmp;
517 >                k = j;
518 >            }
519 >        }
520      }
521  
522 <    public <T> T[] toArray(T[] array) {
523 <        return null;
522 >    /**
523 >     * Establishes the heap invariant (described above) in the subtree
524 >     * rooted at k, which is assumed to satisfy the heap invariant except
525 >     * possibly for node k itself (which may be greater than its children).
526 >     *
527 >     * This method functions by "demoting" queue[k] down the hierarchy
528 >     * (by swapping it with its smaller child) repeatedly until queue[k]
529 >     * is less than or equal to its children.
530 >     */
531 >    private void fixDown(int k) {
532 >        int j;
533 >        if (comparator == null) {
534 >            while ((j = k << 1) <= size && (j > 0)) {
535 >                if (j<size &&
536 >                    ((Comparable<E>)queue[j]).compareTo((E)queue[j+1]) > 0)
537 >                    j++; // j indexes smallest kid
538 >
539 >                if (((Comparable<E>)queue[k]).compareTo((E)queue[j]) <= 0)
540 >                    break;
541 >                Object tmp = queue[j];  queue[j] = queue[k]; queue[k] = tmp;
542 >                k = j;
543 >            }
544 >        } else {
545 >            while ((j = k << 1) <= size && (j > 0)) {
546 >                if (j<size &&
547 >                    comparator.compare((E)queue[j], (E)queue[j+1]) > 0)
548 >                    j++; // j indexes smallest kid
549 >                if (comparator.compare((E)queue[k], (E)queue[j]) <= 0)
550 >                    break;
551 >                Object tmp = queue[j];  queue[j] = queue[k]; queue[k] = tmp;
552 >                k = j;
553 >            }
554 >        }
555 >
556 >    }
557 >
558 >
559 >    /**
560 >     * Returns the comparator used to order this collection, or <tt>null</tt>
561 >     * if this collection is sorted according to its elements natural ordering
562 >     * (using <tt>Comparable</tt>).
563 >     *
564 >     * @return the comparator used to order this collection, or <tt>null</tt>
565 >     * if this collection is sorted according to its elements natural ordering.
566 >     */
567 >    public Comparator<? super E> comparator() {
568 >        return comparator;
569 >    }
570 >
571 >    /**
572 >     * Save the state of the instance to a stream (that
573 >     * is, serialize it).
574 >     *
575 >     * @serialData The length of the array backing the instance is
576 >     * emitted (int), followed by all of its elements (each an
577 >     * <tt>Object</tt>) in the proper order.
578 >     * @param s the stream
579 >     */
580 >    private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s)
581 >        throws java.io.IOException{
582 >        // Write out element count, and any hidden stuff
583 >        s.defaultWriteObject();
584 >
585 >        // Write out array length
586 >        s.writeInt(queue.length);
587 >
588 >        // Write out all elements in the proper order.
589 >        for (int i=0; i<size; i++)
590 >            s.writeObject(queue[i]);
591 >    }
592 >
593 >    /**
594 >     * Reconstitute the <tt>ArrayList</tt> instance from a stream (that is,
595 >     * deserialize it).
596 >     * @param s the stream
597 >     */
598 >    private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s)
599 >        throws java.io.IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
600 >        // Read in size, and any hidden stuff
601 >        s.defaultReadObject();
602 >
603 >        // Read in array length and allocate array
604 >        int arrayLength = s.readInt();
605 >        queue = new Object[arrayLength];
606 >
607 >        // Read in all elements in the proper order.
608 >        for (int i=0; i<size; i++)
609 >            queue[i] = s.readObject();
610      }
611  
612   }
613 +

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