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Comparing jsr166/src/main/java/util/PriorityQueue.java (file contents):
Revision 1.14 by tim, Mon Jul 28 16:00:19 2003 UTC vs.
Revision 1.71 by jsr166, Sun Sep 5 21:32:19 2010 UTC

#	Line 1 | Line 1
1	<	package java.util;
1	>	/*
2	>	* Copyright (c) 2003, 2006, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
3	>	* DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
4	>	*
5	>	* This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
6	>	* under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
7	>	* published by the Free Software Foundation.  Sun designates this
8	>	* particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
9	>	* by Sun in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
10	>	*
11	>	* This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
12	>	* ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
13	>	* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
14	>	* version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
15	>	* accompanied this code).
16	>	*
17	>	* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
18	>	* 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
19	>	* Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
20	>	*
21	>	* Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
22	>	* or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
23	>	* questions.
24	>	*/
25	>
26	>	package java.util;
27
28		/**
29	<	* An unbounded priority queue based on a priority heap.  This queue orders
30	<	* elements according to an order specified at construction time, which is
31	<	* specified in the same manner as {@link TreeSet} and {@link TreeMap}:
32	<	* elements are ordered
33	<	* either according to their <i>natural order</i> (see {@link Comparable}), or
34	<	* according to a {@link Comparator}, depending on which constructor is used.
35	<	* The <em>head</em> of this queue is the least element with respect to the
36	<	* specified ordering. If multiple elements are tied for least value, the
37	<	* head is one of those elements. A priority queue does not permit
38	<	* <tt>null</tt> elements.
39	<	*
40	<	* <p>The {@link #remove()} and {@link #poll()} methods remove and
41	<	* return the head of the queue.
42	<	*
43	<	* <p>The {@link #element()} and {@link #peek()} methods return, but do
44	<	* not delete, the head of the queue.
45	<	*
46	<	* <p>A priority queue has a <i>capacity</i>.  The capacity is the
47	<	* size of the array used internally to store the elements on the
48	<	* queue.  It is always at least as large as the queue size.  As
49	<	* elements are added to a priority queue, its capacity grows
50	<	* automatically.  The details of the growth policy are not specified.
51	<	*
52	<	* <p>Implementation note: this implementation provides O(log(n)) time
53	<	* for the insertion methods (<tt>offer</tt>, <tt>poll</tt>,
54	<	* <tt>remove()</tt> and <tt>add</tt>) methods; linear time for the
55	<	* <tt>remove(Object)</tt> and <tt>contains(Object)</tt> methods; and
56	<	* constant time for the retrieval methods (<tt>peek</tt>,
57	<	* <tt>element</tt>, and <tt>size</tt>).
29	>	* An unbounded priority {@linkplain Queue queue} based on a priority heap.
30	>	* The elements of the priority queue are ordered according to their
31	>	* {@linkplain Comparable natural ordering}, or by a {@link Comparator}
32	>	* provided at queue construction time, depending on which constructor is
33	>	* used.  A priority queue does not permit {@code null} elements.
34	>	* A priority queue relying on natural ordering also does not permit
35	>	* insertion of non-comparable objects (doing so may result in
36	>	* {@code ClassCastException}).
37	>	*
38	>	* <p>The <em>head</em> of this queue is the <em>least</em> element
39	>	* with respect to the specified ordering.  If multiple elements are
40	>	* tied for least value, the head is one of those elements -- ties are
41	>	* broken arbitrarily.  The queue retrieval operations {@code poll},
42	>	* {@code remove}, {@code peek}, and {@code element} access the
43	>	* element at the head of the queue.
44	>	*
45	>	* <p>A priority queue is unbounded, but has an internal
46	>	* <i>capacity</i> governing the size of an array used to store the
47	>	* elements on the queue.  It is always at least as large as the queue
48	>	* size.  As elements are added to a priority queue, its capacity
49	>	* grows automatically.  The details of the growth policy are not
50	>	* specified.
51	>	*
52	>	* <p>This class and its iterator implement all of the
53	>	* <em>optional</em> methods of the {@link Collection} and {@link
54	>	* Iterator} interfaces.  The Iterator provided in method {@link
55	>	* #iterator()} is <em>not</em> guaranteed to traverse the elements of
56	>	* the priority queue in any particular order. If you need ordered
57	>	* traversal, consider using {@code Arrays.sort(pq.toArray())}.
58	>	*
59	>	* <p> <strong>Note that this implementation is not synchronized.</strong>
60	>	* Multiple threads should not access a {@code PriorityQueue}
61	>	* instance concurrently if any of the threads modifies the queue.
62	>	* Instead, use the thread-safe {@link
63	>	* java.util.concurrent.PriorityBlockingQueue} class.
64	>	*
65	>	* <p>Implementation note: this implementation provides
66	>	* O(log(n)) time for the enqueing and dequeing methods
67	>	* ({@code offer}, {@code poll}, {@code remove()} and {@code add});
68	>	* linear time for the {@code remove(Object)} and {@code contains(Object)}
69	>	* methods; and constant time for the retrieval methods
70	>	* ({@code peek}, {@code element}, and {@code size}).
71		*
72		* <p>This class is a member of the
73	<	* <a href="{@docRoot}/../guide/collections/index.html">
73	>	* <a href="{@docRoot}/../technotes/guides/collections/index.html">
74		* Java Collections Framework</a>.
75	+	*
76		* @since 1.5
77	<	* @author Josh Bloch
77	>	* @author Josh Bloch, Doug Lea
78	>	* @param <E> the type of elements held in this collection
79		*/
80		public class PriorityQueue<E> extends AbstractQueue<E>
81	<	implements Queue<E>, java.io.Serializable {
81	>	implements java.io.Serializable {
82	>
83	>	private static final long serialVersionUID = -7720805057305804111L;
84
85		private static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 11;
86
87		/**
88	<	* Priority queue represented as a balanced binary heap: the two children
89	<	* of queue[n] are queue[2*n] and queue[2*n + 1].  The priority queue is
90	<	* ordered by comparator, or by the elements' natural ordering, if
91	<	* comparator is null:  For each node n in the heap and each descendant d
92	<	* of n, n <= d.
93	<	*
52	<	* The element with the lowest value is in queue[1], assuming the queue is
53	<	* nonempty.  (A one-based array is used in preference to the traditional
54	<	* zero-based array to simplify parent and child calculations.)
55	<	*
56	<	* queue.length must be >= 2, even if size == 0.
88	>	* Priority queue represented as a balanced binary heap: the two
89	>	* children of queue[n] are queue[2*n+1] and queue[2*(n+1)].  The
90	>	* priority queue is ordered by comparator, or by the elements'
91	>	* natural ordering, if comparator is null: For each node n in the
92	>	* heap and each descendant d of n, n <= d.  The element with the
93	>	* lowest value is in queue[0], assuming the queue is nonempty.
94		*/
95	<	private transient E[] queue;
95	>	private transient Object[] queue;
96
97		/**
98		* The number of elements in the priority queue.
#	Line 66 | Line 103 | public class PriorityQueue<E> extends Ab
103		* The comparator, or null if priority queue uses elements'
104		* natural ordering.
105		*/
106	<	private final Comparator<E> comparator;
106	>	private final Comparator<? super E> comparator;
107
108		/**
109		* The number of times this priority queue has been
#	Line 75 | Line 112 | public class PriorityQueue<E> extends Ab
112		private transient int modCount = 0;
113
114		/**
115	<	* Create a <tt>PriorityQueue</tt> with the default initial capacity
116	<	* (11) that orders its elements according to their natural
117	<	* ordering (using <tt>Comparable</tt>.)
115	>	* Creates a {@code PriorityQueue} with the default initial
116	>	* capacity (11) that orders its elements according to their
117	>	* {@linkplain Comparable natural ordering}.
118		*/
119		public PriorityQueue() {
120		this(DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY, null);
121		}
122
123		/**
124	<	* Create a <tt>PriorityQueue</tt> with the specified initial capacity
125	<	* that orders its elements according to their natural ordering
126	<	* (using <tt>Comparable</tt>.)
127	<	*
128	<	* @param initialCapacity the initial capacity for this priority queue.
124	>	* Creates a {@code PriorityQueue} with the specified initial
125	>	* capacity that orders its elements according to their
126	>	* {@linkplain Comparable natural ordering}.
127	>	*
128	>	* @param initialCapacity the initial capacity for this priority queue
129	>	* @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code initialCapacity} is less
130	>	*         than 1
131		*/
132		public PriorityQueue(int initialCapacity) {
133		this(initialCapacity, null);
134		}
135
136		/**
137	<	* Create a <tt>PriorityQueue</tt> with the specified initial capacity
137	>	* Creates a {@code PriorityQueue} with the specified initial capacity
138		* that orders its elements according to the specified comparator.
139		*
140	<	* @param initialCapacity the initial capacity for this priority queue.
141	<	* @param comparator the comparator used to order this priority queue.
142	<	* If <tt>null</tt> then the order depends on the elements' natural
143	<	* ordering.
144	<	*/
145	<	public PriorityQueue(int initialCapacity, Comparator<E> comparator) {
140	>	* @param  initialCapacity the initial capacity for this priority queue
141	>	* @param  comparator the comparator that will be used to order this
142	>	*         priority queue.  If {@code null}, the {@linkplain Comparable
143	>	*         natural ordering} of the elements will be used.
144	>	* @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code initialCapacity} is
145	>	*         less than 1
146	>	*/
147	>	public PriorityQueue(int initialCapacity,
148	>	Comparator<? super E> comparator) {
149	>	// Note: This restriction of at least one is not actually needed,
150	>	// but continues for 1.5 compatibility
151		if (initialCapacity < 1)
152	<	initialCapacity = 1;
153	<	queue = (E[]) new Object[initialCapacity + 1];
152	>	throw new IllegalArgumentException();
153	>	this.queue = new Object[initialCapacity];
154		this.comparator = comparator;
155		}
156
157		/**
158	<	* Create a <tt>PriorityQueue</tt> containing the elements in the specified
159	<	* collection.  The priority queue has an initial capacity of 110% of the
160	<	* size of the specified collection. If the specified collection
161	<	* implements the {@link Sorted} interface, the priority queue will be
162	<	* sorted according to the same comparator, or according to its elements'
163	<	* natural order if the collection is sorted according to its elements'
120	<	* natural order.  If the specified collection does not implement
121	<	* <tt>Sorted</tt>, the priority queue is ordered according to
122	<	* its elements' natural order.
158	>	* Creates a {@code PriorityQueue} containing the elements in the
159	>	* specified collection.  If the specified collection is an instance of
160	>	* a {@link SortedSet} or is another {@code PriorityQueue}, this
161	>	* priority queue will be ordered according to the same ordering.
162	>	* Otherwise, this priority queue will be ordered according to the
163	>	* {@linkplain Comparable natural ordering} of its elements.
164		*
165	<	* @param initialElements the collection whose elements are to be placed
166	<	*        into this priority queue.
165	>	* @param  c the collection whose elements are to be placed
166	>	*         into this priority queue
167		* @throws ClassCastException if elements of the specified collection
168		*         cannot be compared to one another according to the priority
169	<	*         queue's ordering.
170	<	* @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection or an
171	<	*         element of the specified collection is <tt>null</tt>.
172	<	*/
173	<	public PriorityQueue(Collection<E> initialElements) {
174	<	int sz = initialElements.size();
175	<	int initialCapacity = (int)Math.min((sz * 110L) / 100,
176	<	Integer.MAX_VALUE - 1);
177	<	if (initialCapacity < 1)
178	<	initialCapacity = 1;
179	<	queue = (E[]) new Object[initialCapacity + 1];
169	>	*         queue's ordering
170	>	* @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection or any
171	>	*         of its elements are null
172	>	*/
173	>	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
174	>	public PriorityQueue(Collection<? extends E> c) {
175	>	if (c instanceof SortedSet<?>) {
176	>	SortedSet<? extends E> ss = (SortedSet<? extends E>) c;
177	>	this.comparator = (Comparator<? super E>) ss.comparator();
178	>	initElementsFromCollection(ss);
179	>	}
180	>	else if (c instanceof PriorityQueue<?>) {
181	>	PriorityQueue<? extends E> pq = (PriorityQueue<? extends E>) c;
182	>	this.comparator = (Comparator<? super E>) pq.comparator();
183	>	initFromPriorityQueue(pq);
184	>	}
185	>	else {
186	>	this.comparator = null;
187	>	initFromCollection(c);
188	>	}
189	>	}
190	>
191	>	/**
192	>	* Creates a {@code PriorityQueue} containing the elements in the
193	>	* specified priority queue.  This priority queue will be
194	>	* ordered according to the same ordering as the given priority
195	>	* queue.
196	>	*
197	>	* @param  c the priority queue whose elements are to be placed
198	>	*         into this priority queue
199	>	* @throws ClassCastException if elements of {@code c} cannot be
200	>	*         compared to one another according to {@code c}'s
201	>	*         ordering
202	>	* @throws NullPointerException if the specified priority queue or any
203	>	*         of its elements are null
204	>	*/
205	>	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
206	>	public PriorityQueue(PriorityQueue<? extends E> c) {
207	>	this.comparator = (Comparator<? super E>) c.comparator();
208	>	initFromPriorityQueue(c);
209	>	}
210
211	<	if (initialElements instanceof Sorted) {
212	<	comparator = ((Sorted)initialElements).comparator();
213	<	for (Iterator<E> i = initialElements.iterator(); i.hasNext(); )
214	<	queue[++size] = i.next();
211	>	/**
212	>	* Creates a {@code PriorityQueue} containing the elements in the
213	>	* specified sorted set.   This priority queue will be ordered
214	>	* according to the same ordering as the given sorted set.
215	>	*
216	>	* @param  c the sorted set whose elements are to be placed
217	>	*         into this priority queue
218	>	* @throws ClassCastException if elements of the specified sorted
219	>	*         set cannot be compared to one another according to the
220	>	*         sorted set's ordering
221	>	* @throws NullPointerException if the specified sorted set or any
222	>	*         of its elements are null
223	>	*/
224	>	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
225	>	public PriorityQueue(SortedSet<? extends E> c) {
226	>	this.comparator = (Comparator<? super E>) c.comparator();
227	>	initElementsFromCollection(c);
228	>	}
229	>
230	>	private void initFromPriorityQueue(PriorityQueue<? extends E> c) {
231	>	if (c.getClass() == PriorityQueue.class) {
232	>	this.queue = c.toArray();
233	>	this.size = c.size();
234		} else {
235	<	comparator = null;
146	<	for (Iterator<E> i = initialElements.iterator(); i.hasNext(); )
147	<	add(i.next());
235	>	initFromCollection(c);
236		}
237		}
238
239	<	// Queue Methods
239	>	private void initElementsFromCollection(Collection<? extends E> c) {
240	>	Object[] a = c.toArray();
241	>	// If c.toArray incorrectly doesn't return Object[], copy it.
242	>	if (a.getClass() != Object[].class)
243	>	a = Arrays.copyOf(a, a.length, Object[].class);
244	>	int len = a.length;
245	>	if (len == 1 || this.comparator != null)
246	>	for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
247	>	if (a[i] == null)
248	>	throw new NullPointerException();
249	>	this.queue = a;
250	>	this.size = a.length;
251	>	}
252
253		/**
254	<	* Add the specified element to this priority queue.
254	>	* Initializes queue array with elements from the given Collection.
255		*
256	<	* @param element the element to add.
157	<	* @return <tt>true</tt>
158	<	* @throws ClassCastException if the specified element cannot be compared
159	<	* with elements currently in the priority queue according
160	<	* to the priority queue's ordering.
161	<	* @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null.
256	>	* @param c the collection
257		*/
258	<	public boolean offer(E element) {
259	<	if (element == null)
260	<	throw new NullPointerException();
261	<	modCount++;
167	<	++size;
258	>	private void initFromCollection(Collection<? extends E> c) {
259	>	initElementsFromCollection(c);
260	>	heapify();
261	>	}
262
263	<	// Grow backing store if necessary
264	<	while (size >= queue.length) {
265	<	E[] newQueue = (E[]) new Object[2 * queue.length];
266	<	System.arraycopy(queue, 0, newQueue, 0, queue.length);
267	<	queue = newQueue;
268	<	}
263	>	/**
264	>	* The maximum size of array to allocate.
265	>	* Some VMs reserve some header words in an array.
266	>	* Attempts to allocate larger arrays may result in
267	>	* OutOfMemoryError: Requested array size exceeds VM limit
268	>	*/
269	>	private static final int MAX_ARRAY_SIZE = Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8;
270	>
271	>	/**
272	>	* Increases the capacity of the array.
273	>	*
274	>	* @param minCapacity the desired minimum capacity
275	>	*/
276	>	private void grow(int minCapacity) {
277	>	int oldCapacity = queue.length;
278	>	// Double size if small; else grow by 50%
279	>	int newCapacity = oldCapacity + ((oldCapacity < 64) ?
280	>	(oldCapacity + 2) :
281	>	(oldCapacity >> 1));
282	>	// overflow-conscious code
283	>	if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)
284	>	newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);
285	>	queue = Arrays.copyOf(queue, newCapacity);
286	>	}
287
288	<	queue[size] = element;
289	<	fixUp(size);
288	>	private static int hugeCapacity(int minCapacity) {
289	>	if (minCapacity < 0) // overflow
290	>	throw new OutOfMemoryError();
291	>	return (minCapacity > MAX_ARRAY_SIZE) ?
292	>	Integer.MAX_VALUE :
293	>	MAX_ARRAY_SIZE;
294	>	}
295	>
296	>	/**
297	>	* Inserts the specified element into this priority queue.
298	>	*
299	>	* @return {@code true} (as specified by {@link Collection#add})
300	>	* @throws ClassCastException if the specified element cannot be
301	>	*         compared with elements currently in this priority queue
302	>	*         according to the priority queue's ordering
303	>	* @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null
304	>	*/
305	>	public boolean add(E e) {
306	>	return offer(e);
307	>	}
308	>
309	>	/**
310	>	* Inserts the specified element into this priority queue.
311	>	*
312	>	* @return {@code true} (as specified by {@link Queue#offer})
313	>	* @throws ClassCastException if the specified element cannot be
314	>	*         compared with elements currently in this priority queue
315	>	*         according to the priority queue's ordering
316	>	* @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null
317	>	*/
318	>	public boolean offer(E e) {
319	>	if (e == null)
320	>	throw new NullPointerException();
321	>	modCount++;
322	>	int i = size;
323	>	if (i >= queue.length)
324	>	grow(i + 1);
325	>	size = i + 1;
326	>	if (i == 0)
327	>	queue[0] = e;
328	>	else
329	>	siftUp(i, e);
330		return true;
331		}
332
333	<	public E poll() {
333	>	public E peek() {
334		if (size == 0)
335		return null;
336	<	return remove(1);
336	>	return (E) queue[0];
337		}
338
339	<	public E peek() {
340	<	return queue[1];
339	>	private int indexOf(Object o) {
340	>	if (o != null) {
341	>	for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
342	>	if (o.equals(queue[i]))
343	>	return i;
344	>	}
345	>	return -1;
346		}
347
348	<	// Collection Methods
349	<
350	<	// these first two override just to get the throws docs
348	>	/**
349	>	* Removes a single instance of the specified element from this queue,
350	>	* if it is present.  More formally, removes an element {@code e} such
351	>	* that {@code o.equals(e)}, if this queue contains one or more such
352	>	* elements.  Returns {@code true} if and only if this queue contained
353	>	* the specified element (or equivalently, if this queue changed as a
354	>	* result of the call).
355	>	*
356	>	* @param o element to be removed from this queue, if present
357	>	* @return {@code true} if this queue changed as a result of the call
358	>	*/
359	>	public boolean remove(Object o) {
360	>	int i = indexOf(o);
361	>	if (i == -1)
362	>	return false;
363	>	else {
364	>	removeAt(i);
365	>	return true;
366	>	}
367	>	}
368
369		/**
370	<	* @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is <tt>null</tt>.
370	>	* Version of remove using reference equality, not equals.
371	>	* Needed by iterator.remove.
372	>	*
373	>	* @param o element to be removed from this queue, if present
374	>	* @return {@code true} if removed
375		*/
376	<	public boolean add(E element) {
377	<	return super.add(element);
376	>	boolean removeEq(Object o) {
377	>	for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
378	>	if (o == queue[i]) {
379	>	removeAt(i);
380	>	return true;
381	>	}
382	>	}
383	>	return false;
384		}
385
386		/**
387	<	* @throws NullPointerException if any element is <tt>null</tt>.
387	>	* Returns {@code true} if this queue contains the specified element.
388	>	* More formally, returns {@code true} if and only if this queue contains
389	>	* at least one element {@code e} such that {@code o.equals(e)}.
390	>	*
391	>	* @param o object to be checked for containment in this queue
392	>	* @return {@code true} if this queue contains the specified element
393		*/
394	<	public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) {
395	<	return super.addAll(c);
394	>	public boolean contains(Object o) {
395	>	return indexOf(o) != -1;
396		}
397
398		/**
399	<	* @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is <tt>null</tt>.
399	>	* Returns an array containing all of the elements in this queue.
400	>	* The elements are in no particular order.
401	>	*
402	>	* <p>The returned array will be "safe" in that no references to it are
403	>	* maintained by this queue.  (In other words, this method must allocate
404	>	* a new array).  The caller is thus free to modify the returned array.
405	>	*
406	>	* <p>This method acts as bridge between array-based and collection-based
407	>	* APIs.
408	>	*
409	>	* @return an array containing all of the elements in this queue
410		*/
411	<	public boolean remove(Object o) {
412	<	if (o == null)
413	<	throw new NullPointerException();
411	>	public Object[] toArray() {
412	>	return Arrays.copyOf(queue, size);
413	>	}
414
415	<	if (comparator == null) {
416	<	for (int i = 1; i <= size; i++) {
417	<	if (((Comparable)queue[i]).compareTo(o) == 0) {
418	<	remove(i);
419	<	return true;
420	<	}
421	<	}
422	<	} else {
423	<	for (int i = 1; i <= size; i++) {
424	<	if (comparator.compare(queue[i], (E)o) == 0) {
425	<	remove(i);
426	<	return true;
427	<	}
428	<	}
429	<	}
430	<	return false;
415	>	/**
416	>	* Returns an array containing all of the elements in this queue; the
417	>	* runtime type of the returned array is that of the specified array.
418	>	* The returned array elements are in no particular order.
419	>	* If the queue fits in the specified array, it is returned therein.
420	>	* Otherwise, a new array is allocated with the runtime type of the
421	>	* specified array and the size of this queue.
422	>	*
423	>	* <p>If the queue fits in the specified array with room to spare
424	>	* (i.e., the array has more elements than the queue), the element in
425	>	* the array immediately following the end of the collection is set to
426	>	* {@code null}.
427	>	*
428	>	* <p>Like the {@link #toArray()} method, this method acts as bridge between
429	>	* array-based and collection-based APIs.  Further, this method allows
430	>	* precise control over the runtime type of the output array, and may,
431	>	* under certain circumstances, be used to save allocation costs.
432	>	*
433	>	* <p>Suppose <tt>x</tt> is a queue known to contain only strings.
434	>	* The following code can be used to dump the queue into a newly
435	>	* allocated array of <tt>String</tt>:
436	>	*
437	>	* <pre>
438	>	*     String[] y = x.toArray(new String[0]);</pre>
439	>	*
440	>	* Note that <tt>toArray(new Object[0])</tt> is identical in function to
441	>	* <tt>toArray()</tt>.
442	>	*
443	>	* @param a the array into which the elements of the queue are to
444	>	*          be stored, if it is big enough; otherwise, a new array of the
445	>	*          same runtime type is allocated for this purpose.
446	>	* @return an array containing all of the elements in this queue
447	>	* @throws ArrayStoreException if the runtime type of the specified array
448	>	*         is not a supertype of the runtime type of every element in
449	>	*         this queue
450	>	* @throws NullPointerException if the specified array is null
451	>	*/
452	>	public <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) {
453	>	if (a.length < size)
454	>	// Make a new array of a's runtime type, but my contents:
455	>	return (T[]) Arrays.copyOf(queue, size, a.getClass());
456	>	System.arraycopy(queue, 0, a, 0, size);
457	>	if (a.length > size)
458	>	a[size] = null;
459	>	return a;
460		}
461
462		/**
463	<	* Returns an iterator over the elements in this priority queue.  The
464	<	* elements of the priority queue will be returned by this iterator in the
237	<	* order specified by the queue, which is to say the order they would be
238	<	* returned by repeated calls to <tt>poll</tt>.
463	>	* Returns an iterator over the elements in this queue. The iterator
464	>	* does not return the elements in any particular order.
465		*
466	<	* @return an <tt>Iterator</tt> over the elements in this priority queue.
466	>	* @return an iterator over the elements in this queue
467		*/
468		public Iterator<E> iterator() {
469		return new Itr();
470		}
471
472	<	private class Itr implements Iterator<E> {
472	>	private final class Itr implements Iterator<E> {
473		/**
474		* Index (into queue array) of element to be returned by
475		* subsequent call to next.
476		*/
477	<	private int cursor = 1;
477	>	private int cursor = 0;
478	>
479	>	/**
480	>	* Index of element returned by most recent call to next,
481	>	* unless that element came from the forgetMeNot list.
482	>	* Set to -1 if element is deleted by a call to remove.
483	>	*/
484	>	private int lastRet = -1;
485
486		/**
487	<	* Index of element returned by most recent call to next or
488	<	* previous.  Reset to 0 if this element is deleted by a call
489	<	* to remove.
487	>	* A queue of elements that were moved from the unvisited portion of
488	>	* the heap into the visited portion as a result of "unlucky" element
489	>	* removals during the iteration.  (Unlucky element removals are those
490	>	* that require a siftup instead of a siftdown.)  We must visit all of
491	>	* the elements in this list to complete the iteration.  We do this
492	>	* after we've completed the "normal" iteration.
493	>	*
494	>	* We expect that most iterations, even those involving removals,
495	>	* will not need to store elements in this field.
496		*/
497	<	private int lastRet = 0;
497	>	private ArrayDeque<E> forgetMeNot = null;
498	>
499	>	/**
500	>	* Element returned by the most recent call to next iff that
501	>	* element was drawn from the forgetMeNot list.
502	>	*/
503	>	private E lastRetElt = null;
504
505		/**
506		* The modCount value that the iterator believes that the backing
507	<	* List should have.  If this expectation is violated, the iterator
507	>	* Queue should have.  If this expectation is violated, the iterator
508		* has detected concurrent modification.
509		*/
510		private int expectedModCount = modCount;
511
512		public boolean hasNext() {
513	<	return cursor <= size;
513	>	return cursor < size ||
514	>	(forgetMeNot != null && !forgetMeNot.isEmpty());
515		}
516
517		public E next() {
518	<	checkForComodification();
519	<	if (cursor > size)
520	<	throw new NoSuchElementException();
521	<	E result = queue[cursor];
522	<	lastRet = cursor++;
523	<	return result;
518	>	if (expectedModCount != modCount)
519	>	throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
520	>	if (cursor < size)
521	>	return (E) queue[lastRet = cursor++];
522	>	if (forgetMeNot != null) {
523	>	lastRet = -1;
524	>	lastRetElt = forgetMeNot.poll();
525	>	if (lastRetElt != null)
526	>	return lastRetElt;
527	>	}
528	>	throw new NoSuchElementException();
529		}
530
531		public void remove() {
532	<	if (lastRet == 0)
532	>	if (expectedModCount != modCount)
533	>	throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
534	>	if (lastRet != -1) {
535	>	E moved = PriorityQueue.this.removeAt(lastRet);
536	>	lastRet = -1;
537	>	if (moved == null)
538	>	cursor--;
539	>	else {
540	>	if (forgetMeNot == null)
541	>	forgetMeNot = new ArrayDeque<E>();
542	>	forgetMeNot.add(moved);
543	>	}
544	>	} else if (lastRetElt != null) {
545	>	PriorityQueue.this.removeEq(lastRetElt);
546	>	lastRetElt = null;
547	>	} else {
548		throw new IllegalStateException();
549	<	checkForComodification();
284	<
285	<	PriorityQueue.this.remove(lastRet);
286	<	if (lastRet < cursor)
287	<	cursor--;
288	<	lastRet = 0;
549	>	}
550		expectedModCount = modCount;
551		}
291	–
292	–	final void checkForComodification() {
293	–	if (modCount != expectedModCount)
294	–	throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
295	–	}
552		}
553
298	–	/**
299	–	* Returns the number of elements in this priority queue.
300	–	*
301	–	* @return the number of elements in this priority queue.
302	–	*/
554		public int size() {
555		return size;
556		}
557
558		/**
559	<	* Remove all elements from the priority queue.
559	>	* Removes all of the elements from this priority queue.
560	>	* The queue will be empty after this call returns.
561		*/
562		public void clear() {
563		modCount++;
564	<
313	<	// Null out element references to prevent memory leak
314	<	for (int i=1; i<=size; i++)
564	>	for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
565		queue[i] = null;
316	–
566		size = 0;
567		}
568
569	+	public E poll() {
570	+	if (size == 0)
571	+	return null;
572	+	int s = --size;
573	+	modCount++;
574	+	E result = (E) queue[0];
575	+	E x = (E) queue[s];
576	+	queue[s] = null;
577	+	if (s != 0)
578	+	siftDown(0, x);
579	+	return result;
580	+	}
581	+
582		/**
583	<	* Removes and returns the ith element from queue.  Recall
322	<	* that queue is one-based, so 1 <= i <= size.
583	>	* Removes the ith element from queue.
584		*
585	<	* XXX: Could further special-case i==size, but is it worth it?
586	<	* XXX: Could special-case i==0, but is it worth it?
585	>	* Normally this method leaves the elements at up to i-1,
586	>	* inclusive, untouched.  Under these circumstances, it returns
587	>	* null.  Occasionally, in order to maintain the heap invariant,
588	>	* it must swap a later element of the list with one earlier than
589	>	* i.  Under these circumstances, this method returns the element
590	>	* that was previously at the end of the list and is now at some
591	>	* position before i. This fact is used by iterator.remove so as to
592	>	* avoid missing traversing elements.
593		*/
594	<	private E remove(int i) {
595	<	assert i <= size;
594	>	private E removeAt(int i) {
595	>	assert i >= 0 && i < size;
596		modCount++;
597	<
598	<	E result = queue[i];
599	<	queue[i] = queue[size];
600	<	queue[size--] = null;  // Drop extra ref to prevent memory leak
601	<	if (i <= size)
602	<	fixDown(i);
603	<	return result;
597	>	int s = --size;
598	>	if (s == i) // removed last element
599	>	queue[i] = null;
600	>	else {
601	>	E moved = (E) queue[s];
602	>	queue[s] = null;
603	>	siftDown(i, moved);
604	>	if (queue[i] == moved) {
605	>	siftUp(i, moved);
606	>	if (queue[i] != moved)
607	>	return moved;
608	>	}
609	>	}
610	>	return null;
611		}
612
613		/**
614	<	* Establishes the heap invariant (described above) assuming the heap
615	<	* satisfies the invariant except possibly for the leaf-node indexed by k
616	<	* (which may have a nextExecutionTime less than its parent's).
617	<	*
618	<	* This method functions by "promoting" queue[k] up the hierarchy
619	<	* (by swapping it with its parent) repeatedly until queue[k]
620	<	* is greater than or equal to its parent.
621	<	*/
622	<	private void fixUp(int k) {
623	<	if (comparator == null) {
624	<	while (k > 1) {
625	<	int j = k >> 1;
626	<	if (((Comparable)queue[j]).compareTo(queue[k]) <= 0)
627	<	break;
628	<	E tmp = queue[j];  queue[j] = queue[k]; queue[k] = tmp;
629	<	k = j;
630	<	}
631	<	} else {
632	<	while (k > 1) {
633	<	int j = k >> 1;
634	<	if (comparator.compare(queue[j], queue[k]) <= 0)
635	<	break;
636	<	E tmp = queue[j];  queue[j] = queue[k]; queue[k] = tmp;
637	<	k = j;
638	<	}
614	>	* Inserts item x at position k, maintaining heap invariant by
615	>	* promoting x up the tree until it is greater than or equal to
616	>	* its parent, or is the root.
617	>	*
618	>	* To simplify and speed up coercions and comparisons. the
619	>	* Comparable and Comparator versions are separated into different
620	>	* methods that are otherwise identical. (Similarly for siftDown.)
621	>	*
622	>	* @param k the position to fill
623	>	* @param x the item to insert
624	>	*/
625	>	private void siftUp(int k, E x) {
626	>	if (comparator != null)
627	>	siftUpUsingComparator(k, x);
628	>	else
629	>	siftUpComparable(k, x);
630	>	}
631	>
632	>	private void siftUpComparable(int k, E x) {
633	>	Comparable<? super E> key = (Comparable<? super E>) x;
634	>	while (k > 0) {
635	>	int parent = (k - 1) >>> 1;
636	>	Object e = queue[parent];
637	>	if (key.compareTo((E) e) >= 0)
638	>	break;
639	>	queue[k] = e;
640	>	k = parent;
641	>	}
642	>	queue[k] = key;
643	>	}
644	>
645	>	private void siftUpUsingComparator(int k, E x) {
646	>	while (k > 0) {
647	>	int parent = (k - 1) >>> 1;
648	>	Object e = queue[parent];
649	>	if (comparator.compare(x, (E) e) >= 0)
650	>	break;
651	>	queue[k] = e;
652	>	k = parent;
653		}
654	+	queue[k] = x;
655		}
656
657		/**
658	<	* Establishes the heap invariant (described above) in the subtree
659	<	* rooted at k, which is assumed to satisfy the heap invariant except
660	<	* possibly for node k itself (which may be greater than its children).
661	<	*
662	<	* This method functions by "demoting" queue[k] down the hierarchy
663	<	* (by swapping it with its smaller child) repeatedly until queue[k]
664	<	* is less than or equal to its children.
665	<	*/
666	<	private void fixDown(int k) {
667	<	int j;
668	<	if (comparator == null) {
669	<	while ((j = k << 1) <= size) {
670	<	if (j<size && ((Comparable)queue[j]).compareTo(queue[j+1]) > 0)
671	<	j++; // j indexes smallest kid
672	<	if (((Comparable)queue[k]).compareTo(queue[j]) <= 0)
673	<	break;
674	<	E tmp = queue[j];  queue[j] = queue[k]; queue[k] = tmp;
675	<	k = j;
676	<	}
677	<	} else {
678	<	while ((j = k << 1) <= size) {
679	<	if (j < size && comparator.compare(queue[j], queue[j+1]) > 0)
680	<	j++; // j indexes smallest kid
681	<	if (comparator.compare(queue[k], queue[j]) <= 0)
682	<	break;
683	<	E tmp = queue[j];  queue[j] = queue[k]; queue[k] = tmp;
684	<	k = j;
685	<	}
658	>	* Inserts item x at position k, maintaining heap invariant by
659	>	* demoting x down the tree repeatedly until it is less than or
660	>	* equal to its children or is a leaf.
661	>	*
662	>	* @param k the position to fill
663	>	* @param x the item to insert
664	>	*/
665	>	private void siftDown(int k, E x) {
666	>	if (comparator != null)
667	>	siftDownUsingComparator(k, x);
668	>	else
669	>	siftDownComparable(k, x);
670	>	}
671	>
672	>	private void siftDownComparable(int k, E x) {
673	>	Comparable<? super E> key = (Comparable<? super E>)x;
674	>	int half = size >>> 1;        // loop while a non-leaf
675	>	while (k < half) {
676	>	int child = (k << 1) + 1; // assume left child is least
677	>	Object c = queue[child];
678	>	int right = child + 1;
679	>	if (right < size &&
680	>	((Comparable<? super E>) c).compareTo((E) queue[right]) > 0)
681	>	c = queue[child = right];
682	>	if (key.compareTo((E) c) <= 0)
683	>	break;
684	>	queue[k] = c;
685	>	k = child;
686		}
687	+	queue[k] = key;
688	+	}
689	+
690	+	private void siftDownUsingComparator(int k, E x) {
691	+	int half = size >>> 1;
692	+	while (k < half) {
693	+	int child = (k << 1) + 1;
694	+	Object c = queue[child];
695	+	int right = child + 1;
696	+	if (right < size &&
697	+	comparator.compare((E) c, (E) queue[right]) > 0)
698	+	c = queue[child = right];
699	+	if (comparator.compare(x, (E) c) <= 0)
700	+	break;
701	+	queue[k] = c;
702	+	k = child;
703	+	}
704	+	queue[k] = x;
705	+	}
706	+
707	+	/**
708	+	* Establishes the heap invariant (described above) in the entire tree,
709	+	* assuming nothing about the order of the elements prior to the call.
710	+	*/
711	+	private void heapify() {
712	+	for (int i = (size >>> 1) - 1; i >= 0; i--)
713	+	siftDown(i, (E) queue[i]);
714		}
715
716	<	public Comparator comparator() {
716	>	/**
717	>	* Returns the comparator used to order the elements in this
718	>	* queue, or {@code null} if this queue is sorted according to
719	>	* the {@linkplain Comparable natural ordering} of its elements.
720	>	*
721	>	* @return the comparator used to order this queue, or
722	>	*         {@code null} if this queue is sorted according to the
723	>	*         natural ordering of its elements
724	>	*/
725	>	public Comparator<? super E> comparator() {
726		return comparator;
727		}
728
729		/**
730	<	* Save the state of the instance to a stream (that
731	<	* is, serialize it).
730	>	* Saves the state of the instance to a stream (that
731	>	* is, serializes it).
732		*
733		* @serialData The length of the array backing the instance is
734	<	* emitted (int), followed by all of its elements (each an
735	<	* <tt>Object</tt>) in the proper order.
734	>	*             emitted (int), followed by all of its elements
735	>	*             (each an {@code Object}) in the proper order.
736		* @param s the stream
737		*/
738	<	private synchronized void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s)
738	>	private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s)
739		throws java.io.IOException{
740		// Write out element count, and any hidden stuff
741		s.defaultWriteObject();
742
743	<	// Write out array length
744	<	s.writeInt(queue.length);
743	>	// Write out array length, for compatibility with 1.5 version
744	>	s.writeInt(Math.max(2, size + 1));
745
746	<	// Write out all elements in the proper order.
747	<	for (int i=0; i<size; i++)
746	>	// Write out all elements in the "proper order".
747	>	for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
748		s.writeObject(queue[i]);
749		}
750
751		/**
752	<	* Reconstitute the <tt>ArrayList</tt> instance from a stream (that is,
753	<	* deserialize it).
752	>	* Reconstitutes the {@code PriorityQueue} instance from a stream
753	>	* (that is, deserializes it).
754	>	*
755		* @param s the stream
756		*/
757	<	private synchronized void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s)
757	>	private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s)
758		throws java.io.IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
759		// Read in size, and any hidden stuff
760		s.defaultReadObject();
761
762	<	// Read in array length and allocate array
763	<	int arrayLength = s.readInt();
438	<	queue = (E[]) new Object[arrayLength];
439	<
440	<	// Read in all elements in the proper order.
441	<	for (int i=0; i<size; i++)
442	<	queue[i] = (E)s.readObject();
443	<	}
762	>	// Read in (and discard) array length
763	>	s.readInt();
764
765	<	}
765	>	queue = new Object[size];
766
767	+	// Read in all elements.
768	+	for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
769	+	queue[i] = s.readObject();
770	+
771	+	// Elements are guaranteed to be in "proper order", but the
772	+	// spec has never explained what that might be.
773	+	heapify();
774	+	}
775	+	}

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