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/* |
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* Written by Doug Lea with assistance from members of JCP JSR-166 |
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* Expert Group and released to the public domain. Use, modify, and |
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* redistribute this code in any way without acknowledgement. |
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* Expert Group and released to the public domain, as explained at |
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* http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ |
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*/ |
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package java.util; |
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/** |
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* A collection designed for holding elements prior to processing. |
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* Besides basic {@link java.util.Collection Collection} operations, queues provide |
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* Besides basic {@link Collection} operations, queues provide |
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* additional insertion, extraction, and inspection operations. |
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* Each of these methods exists in two forms: one throws an exception |
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* if the operation fails, the other returns a special value (either |
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* {@code null} or {@code false}, depending on the operation). The |
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* latter form of the insert operation is designed specifically for |
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* use with capacity-restricted {@code Queue} implementations; in most |
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* implementations, insert operations cannot fail. |
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* |
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* <table class="striped"> |
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* <caption>Summary of Queue methods</caption> |
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* <thead> |
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* <tr> |
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* <td></td> |
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* <th scope="col" style="font-weight:normal; font-style:italic">Throws exception</th> |
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* <th scope="col" style="font-weight:normal; font-style:italic">Returns special value</th> |
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* </tr> |
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* </thead> |
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* <tbody> |
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* <tr> |
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* <th scope="row">Insert</th> |
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* <td>{@link #add(Object) add(e)}</td> |
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* <td>{@link #offer(Object) offer(e)}</td> |
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* </tr> |
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* <tr> |
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* <th scope="row">Remove</th> |
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* <td>{@link #remove() remove()}</td> |
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* <td>{@link #poll() poll()}</td> |
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* </tr> |
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* <tr> |
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* <th scope="row">Examine</th> |
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* <td>{@link #element() element()}</td> |
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* <td>{@link #peek() peek()}</td> |
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* </tr> |
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* </tbody> |
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* </table> |
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* |
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* <p>Queues typically, but do not necessarily, order elements in a |
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* FIFO (first-in-first-out) manner. Among the exceptions are |
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* priority queues, which order elements according to a supplied |
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* comparator, or the elements' natural ordering, and LIFO queues (or |
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* stacks) which order the elements LIFO (last-in-first-out). |
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* Whatever the ordering used, the <em>head</em> of the queue is that element |
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* which would be removed by a call to {@link #remove() } or {@link #poll()}. |
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* Every <tt>Queue</tt> implementation must specify its ordering guarantees. |
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* |
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* <p>The {@link #offer offer} method adds an element if possible, otherwise |
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* returning <tt>false</tt>. This differs from the |
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* {@link java.util.Collection#add Collection.add} |
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* method, which throws an unchecked exception upon |
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* failure. It is designed for use in collections in which failure to |
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* add is a normal, rather than exceptional occurrence, for example, |
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* in fixed-capacity (or "bounded") queues. |
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* Whatever the ordering used, the <em>head</em> of the queue is that |
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* element which would be removed by a call to {@link #remove()} or |
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* {@link #poll()}. In a FIFO queue, all new elements are inserted at |
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* the <em>tail</em> of the queue. Other kinds of queues may use |
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* different placement rules. Every {@code Queue} implementation |
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* must specify its ordering properties. |
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* |
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* <p>The {@link #offer offer} method inserts an element if possible, |
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* otherwise returning {@code false}. This differs from the {@link |
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* java.util.Collection#add Collection.add} method, which can fail to |
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* add an element only by throwing an unchecked exception. The |
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* {@code offer} method is designed for use when failure is a normal, |
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* rather than exceptional occurrence, for example, in fixed-capacity |
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* (or "bounded") queues. |
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* |
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* <p>The {@link #remove()} and {@link #poll()} methods remove and |
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* return the head of the queue. |
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* Exactly which element is removed from the queue is a |
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* function of the queue's ordering policy, which differs from |
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* implementation to implementation. The <tt>remove()</tt> and |
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* <tt>poll()</tt> methods differ only in their behavior when the |
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* queue is empty: the <tt>remove()</tt> method throws an exception, |
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* while the <tt>poll()</tt> method returns <tt>null</tt>. |
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* implementation to implementation. The {@code remove()} and |
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* {@code poll()} methods differ only in their behavior when the |
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* queue is empty: the {@code remove()} method throws an exception, |
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* while the {@code poll()} method returns {@code null}. |
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* |
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* <p>The {@link #element()} and {@link #peek()} methods return, but do |
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* not remove, the head of the queue. |
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* |
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* <p>The <tt>Queue</tt> interface does not define the <i>blocking queue |
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* <p>The {@code Queue} interface does not define the <i>blocking queue |
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* methods</i>, which are common in concurrent programming. These methods, |
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* which wait for elements to appear or for space to become available, are |
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* defined in the {@link java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue} interface, which |
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* extends this interface. |
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* |
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* <p><tt>Queue</tt> implementations generally do not allow insertion |
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* of <tt>null</tt> elements, although some implementations, such as |
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* {@link LinkedList}, do not prohibit insertion of <tt>null</tt>. |
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* Even in the implementations that permit it, <tt>null</tt> should |
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* not be inserted into a <tt>Queue</tt>, as <tt>null</tt> is also |
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* used as a special return value by the <tt>poll</tt> method to |
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* <p>{@code Queue} implementations generally do not allow insertion |
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* of {@code null} elements, although some implementations, such as |
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* {@link LinkedList}, do not prohibit insertion of {@code null}. |
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* Even in the implementations that permit it, {@code null} should |
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* not be inserted into a {@code Queue}, as {@code null} is also |
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* used as a special return value by the {@code poll} method to |
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* indicate that the queue contains no elements. |
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* |
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* <p><tt>Queue</tt> implementations generally do not define |
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* element-based versions of methods <tt>equals</tt> and |
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* <tt>hashCode</tt> but instead inherit the identity based versions |
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* from class <tt>Object</tt>, because element-based equality is not |
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* <p>{@code Queue} implementations generally do not define |
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* element-based versions of methods {@code equals} and |
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* {@code hashCode} but instead inherit the identity based versions |
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* from class {@code Object}, because element-based equality is not |
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* always well-defined for queues with the same elements but different |
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* ordering properties. |
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* |
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* |
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* <p>This interface is a member of the |
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* <a href="{@docRoot}/../guide/collections/index.html"> |
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* <a href="{@docRoot}/java/util/package-summary.html#CollectionsFramework"> |
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* Java Collections Framework</a>. |
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* |
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* @see java.util.Collection |
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* @see LinkedList |
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* @see PriorityQueue |
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* @see java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue |
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* @see java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue |
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* @see java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue |
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* @see java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue |
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* @see java.util.concurrent.PriorityBlockingQueue |
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* @since 1.5 |
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* @author Doug Lea |
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* @param <E> the type of elements held in this queue |
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*/ |
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public interface Queue<E> extends Collection<E> { |
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/** |
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* Adds the specified element to this queue, if possible. |
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* Inserts the specified element into this queue if it is possible to do so |
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* immediately without violating capacity restrictions, returning |
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* {@code true} upon success and throwing an {@code IllegalStateException} |
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* if no space is currently available. |
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* |
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* @param o the element to add. |
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* @return <tt>true</tt> if it was possible to add the element to |
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* this queue, else <tt>false</tt> |
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* @param e the element to add |
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* @return {@code true} (as specified by {@link Collection#add}) |
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* @throws IllegalStateException if the element cannot be added at this |
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* time due to capacity restrictions |
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* @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified element |
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* prevents it from being added to this queue |
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* @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null and |
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* this queue does not permit null elements |
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* @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of this element |
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* prevents it from being added to this queue |
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*/ |
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boolean offer(E o); |
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boolean add(E e); |
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/** |
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* Retrieves and removes the head of this queue, if it is available. |
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* Inserts the specified element into this queue if it is possible to do |
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* so immediately without violating capacity restrictions. |
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* When using a capacity-restricted queue, this method is generally |
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* preferable to {@link #add}, which can fail to insert an element only |
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* by throwing an exception. |
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* |
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* @return the head of this queue, or <tt>null</tt> if this |
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* queue is empty. |
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* @param e the element to add |
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* @return {@code true} if the element was added to this queue, else |
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* {@code false} |
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* @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified element |
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* prevents it from being added to this queue |
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* @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null and |
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* this queue does not permit null elements |
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* @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of this element |
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* prevents it from being added to this queue |
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*/ |
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E poll(); |
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boolean offer(E e); |
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/** |
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* Retrieves and removes the head of this queue. |
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* This method differs |
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* from the <tt>poll</tt> method in that it throws an exception if this |
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* queue is empty. |
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* Retrieves and removes the head of this queue. This method differs |
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* from {@link #poll() poll()} only in that it throws an exception if |
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* this queue is empty. |
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* |
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* @return the head of this queue. |
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* @throws NoSuchElementException if this queue is empty. |
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* @return the head of this queue |
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* @throws NoSuchElementException if this queue is empty |
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*/ |
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E remove(); |
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/** |
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* Retrieves, but does not remove, the head of this queue. |
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* This method differs from the <tt>poll</tt> |
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* method only in that this method does not remove the head element from |
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* this queue. |
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* Retrieves and removes the head of this queue, |
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* or returns {@code null} if this queue is empty. |
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* |
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* @return the head of this queue, or <tt>null</tt> if this queue is empty. |
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* @return the head of this queue, or {@code null} if this queue is empty |
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*/ |
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E peek(); |
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E poll(); |
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/** |
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* Retrieves, but does not remove, the head of this queue. This method |
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* differs from the <tt>peek</tt> method only in that it throws an |
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* exception if this queue is empty. |
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* differs from {@link #peek peek} only in that it throws an exception |
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* if this queue is empty. |
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* |
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* @return the head of this queue. |
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* @throws NoSuchElementException if this queue is empty. |
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* @return the head of this queue |
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* @throws NoSuchElementException if this queue is empty |
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*/ |
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E element(); |
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} |
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/** |
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* Retrieves, but does not remove, the head of this queue, |
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* or returns {@code null} if this queue is empty. |
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* |
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* @return the head of this queue, or {@code null} if this queue is empty |
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*/ |
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E peek(); |
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} |
