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root/jsr166/jsr166/src/main/java/util/concurrent/BlockingDeque.java
Revision: 1.22
Committed: Wed Apr 20 16:25:54 2011 UTC (13 years, 1 month ago) by dl
Branch: MAIN
Changes since 1.21: +16 -8 lines
Log Message:
Link for "optional" -- CR 6546713

File Contents

# Content
1 /*
2 * Written by Doug Lea with assistance from members of JCP JSR-166
3 * Expert Group and released to the public domain, as explained at
4 * http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
5 */
6
7 package java.util.concurrent;
8 import java.util.*;
9
10 /**
11 * A {@link Deque} that additionally supports blocking operations that wait
12 * for the deque to become non-empty when retrieving an element, and wait for
13 * space to become available in the deque when storing an element.
14 *
15 * <p><tt>BlockingDeque</tt> methods come in four forms, with different ways
16 * of handling operations that cannot be satisfied immediately, but may be
17 * satisfied at some point in the future:
18 * one throws an exception, the second returns a special value (either
19 * <tt>null</tt> or <tt>false</tt>, depending on the operation), the third
20 * blocks the current thread indefinitely until the operation can succeed,
21 * and the fourth blocks for only a given maximum time limit before giving
22 * up. These methods are summarized in the following table:
23 *
24 * <p>
25 * <table BORDER CELLPADDING=3 CELLSPACING=1>
26 * <tr>
27 * <td ALIGN=CENTER COLSPAN = 5> <b>First Element (Head)</b></td>
28 * </tr>
29 * <tr>
30 * <td></td>
31 * <td ALIGN=CENTER><em>Throws exception</em></td>
32 * <td ALIGN=CENTER><em>Special value</em></td>
33 * <td ALIGN=CENTER><em>Blocks</em></td>
34 * <td ALIGN=CENTER><em>Times out</em></td>
35 * </tr>
36 * <tr>
37 * <td><b>Insert</b></td>
38 * <td>{@link #addFirst addFirst(e)}</td>
39 * <td>{@link #offerFirst(Object) offerFirst(e)}</td>
40 * <td>{@link #putFirst putFirst(e)}</td>
41 * <td>{@link #offerFirst(Object, long, TimeUnit) offerFirst(e, time, unit)}</td>
42 * </tr>
43 * <tr>
44 * <td><b>Remove</b></td>
45 * <td>{@link #removeFirst removeFirst()}</td>
46 * <td>{@link #pollFirst pollFirst()}</td>
47 * <td>{@link #takeFirst takeFirst()}</td>
48 * <td>{@link #pollFirst(long, TimeUnit) pollFirst(time, unit)}</td>
49 * </tr>
50 * <tr>
51 * <td><b>Examine</b></td>
52 * <td>{@link #getFirst getFirst()}</td>
53 * <td>{@link #peekFirst peekFirst()}</td>
54 * <td><em>not applicable</em></td>
55 * <td><em>not applicable</em></td>
56 * </tr>
57 * <tr>
58 * <td ALIGN=CENTER COLSPAN = 5> <b>Last Element (Tail)</b></td>
59 * </tr>
60 * <tr>
61 * <td></td>
62 * <td ALIGN=CENTER><em>Throws exception</em></td>
63 * <td ALIGN=CENTER><em>Special value</em></td>
64 * <td ALIGN=CENTER><em>Blocks</em></td>
65 * <td ALIGN=CENTER><em>Times out</em></td>
66 * </tr>
67 * <tr>
68 * <td><b>Insert</b></td>
69 * <td>{@link #addLast addLast(e)}</td>
70 * <td>{@link #offerLast(Object) offerLast(e)}</td>
71 * <td>{@link #putLast putLast(e)}</td>
72 * <td>{@link #offerLast(Object, long, TimeUnit) offerLast(e, time, unit)}</td>
73 * </tr>
74 * <tr>
75 * <td><b>Remove</b></td>
76 * <td>{@link #removeLast() removeLast()}</td>
77 * <td>{@link #pollLast() pollLast()}</td>
78 * <td>{@link #takeLast takeLast()}</td>
79 * <td>{@link #pollLast(long, TimeUnit) pollLast(time, unit)}</td>
80 * </tr>
81 * <tr>
82 * <td><b>Examine</b></td>
83 * <td>{@link #getLast getLast()}</td>
84 * <td>{@link #peekLast peekLast()}</td>
85 * <td><em>not applicable</em></td>
86 * <td><em>not applicable</em></td>
87 * </tr>
88 * </table>
89 *
90 * <p>Like any {@link BlockingQueue}, a <tt>BlockingDeque</tt> is thread safe,
91 * does not permit null elements, and may (or may not) be
92 * capacity-constrained.
93 *
94 * <p>A <tt>BlockingDeque</tt> implementation may be used directly as a FIFO
95 * <tt>BlockingQueue</tt>. The methods inherited from the
96 * <tt>BlockingQueue</tt> interface are precisely equivalent to
97 * <tt>BlockingDeque</tt> methods as indicated in the following table:
98 *
99 * <p>
100 * <table BORDER CELLPADDING=3 CELLSPACING=1>
101 * <tr>
102 * <td ALIGN=CENTER> <b><tt>BlockingQueue</tt> Method</b></td>
103 * <td ALIGN=CENTER> <b>Equivalent <tt>BlockingDeque</tt> Method</b></td>
104 * </tr>
105 * <tr>
106 * <td ALIGN=CENTER COLSPAN = 2> <b>Insert</b></td>
107 * </tr>
108 * <tr>
109 * <td>{@link #add(Object) add(e)}</td>
110 * <td>{@link #addLast(Object) addLast(e)}</td>
111 * </tr>
112 * <tr>
113 * <td>{@link #offer(Object) offer(e)}</td>
114 * <td>{@link #offerLast(Object) offerLast(e)}</td>
115 * </tr>
116 * <tr>
117 * <td>{@link #put(Object) put(e)}</td>
118 * <td>{@link #putLast(Object) putLast(e)}</td>
119 * </tr>
120 * <tr>
121 * <td>{@link #offer(Object, long, TimeUnit) offer(e, time, unit)}</td>
122 * <td>{@link #offerLast(Object, long, TimeUnit) offerLast(e, time, unit)}</td>
123 * </tr>
124 * <tr>
125 * <td ALIGN=CENTER COLSPAN = 2> <b>Remove</b></td>
126 * </tr>
127 * <tr>
128 * <td>{@link #remove() remove()}</td>
129 * <td>{@link #removeFirst() removeFirst()}</td>
130 * </tr>
131 * <tr>
132 * <td>{@link #poll() poll()}</td>
133 * <td>{@link #pollFirst() pollFirst()}</td>
134 * </tr>
135 * <tr>
136 * <td>{@link #take() take()}</td>
137 * <td>{@link #takeFirst() takeFirst()}</td>
138 * </tr>
139 * <tr>
140 * <td>{@link #poll(long, TimeUnit) poll(time, unit)}</td>
141 * <td>{@link #pollFirst(long, TimeUnit) pollFirst(time, unit)}</td>
142 * </tr>
143 * <tr>
144 * <td ALIGN=CENTER COLSPAN = 2> <b>Examine</b></td>
145 * </tr>
146 * <tr>
147 * <td>{@link #element() element()}</td>
148 * <td>{@link #getFirst() getFirst()}</td>
149 * </tr>
150 * <tr>
151 * <td>{@link #peek() peek()}</td>
152 * <td>{@link #peekFirst() peekFirst()}</td>
153 * </tr>
154 * </table>
155 *
156 * <p>Memory consistency effects: As with other concurrent
157 * collections, actions in a thread prior to placing an object into a
158 * {@code BlockingDeque}
159 * <a href="package-summary.html#MemoryVisibility"><i>happen-before</i></a>
160 * actions subsequent to the access or removal of that element from
161 * the {@code BlockingDeque} in another thread.
162 *
163 * <p>This interface is a member of the
164 * <a href="{@docRoot}/../technotes/guides/collections/index.html">
165 * Java Collections Framework</a>.
166 *
167 * @since 1.6
168 * @author Doug Lea
169 * @param <E> the type of elements held in this collection
170 */
171 public interface BlockingDeque<E> extends BlockingQueue<E>, Deque<E> {
172 /*
173 * We have "diamond" multiple interface inheritance here, and that
174 * introduces ambiguities. Methods might end up with different
175 * specs depending on the branch chosen by javadoc. Thus a lot of
176 * methods specs here are copied from superinterfaces.
177 */
178
179 /**
180 * Inserts the specified element at the front of this deque if it is
181 * possible to do so immediately without violating capacity restrictions,
182 * throwing an <tt>IllegalStateException</tt> if no space is currently
183 * available. When using a capacity-restricted deque, it is generally
184 * preferable to use {@link #offerFirst(Object) offerFirst}.
185 *
186 * @param e the element to add
187 * @throws IllegalStateException {@inheritDoc}
188 * @throws ClassCastException {@inheritDoc}
189 * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null
190 * @throws IllegalArgumentException {@inheritDoc}
191 */
192 void addFirst(E e);
193
194 /**
195 * Inserts the specified element at the end of this deque if it is
196 * possible to do so immediately without violating capacity restrictions,
197 * throwing an <tt>IllegalStateException</tt> if no space is currently
198 * available. When using a capacity-restricted deque, it is generally
199 * preferable to use {@link #offerLast(Object) offerLast}.
200 *
201 * @param e the element to add
202 * @throws IllegalStateException {@inheritDoc}
203 * @throws ClassCastException {@inheritDoc}
204 * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null
205 * @throws IllegalArgumentException {@inheritDoc}
206 */
207 void addLast(E e);
208
209 /**
210 * Inserts the specified element at the front of this deque if it is
211 * possible to do so immediately without violating capacity restrictions,
212 * returning <tt>true</tt> upon success and <tt>false</tt> if no space is
213 * currently available.
214 * When using a capacity-restricted deque, this method is generally
215 * preferable to the {@link #addFirst(Object) addFirst} method, which can
216 * fail to insert an element only by throwing an exception.
217 *
218 * @param e the element to add
219 * @throws ClassCastException {@inheritDoc}
220 * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null
221 * @throws IllegalArgumentException {@inheritDoc}
222 */
223 boolean offerFirst(E e);
224
225 /**
226 * Inserts the specified element at the end of this deque if it is
227 * possible to do so immediately without violating capacity restrictions,
228 * returning <tt>true</tt> upon success and <tt>false</tt> if no space is
229 * currently available.
230 * When using a capacity-restricted deque, this method is generally
231 * preferable to the {@link #addLast(Object) addLast} method, which can
232 * fail to insert an element only by throwing an exception.
233 *
234 * @param e the element to add
235 * @throws ClassCastException {@inheritDoc}
236 * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null
237 * @throws IllegalArgumentException {@inheritDoc}
238 */
239 boolean offerLast(E e);
240
241 /**
242 * Inserts the specified element at the front of this deque,
243 * waiting if necessary for space to become available.
244 *
245 * @param e the element to add
246 * @throws InterruptedException if interrupted while waiting
247 * @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified element
248 * prevents it from being added to this deque
249 * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null
250 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of the specified
251 * element prevents it from being added to this deque
252 */
253 void putFirst(E e) throws InterruptedException;
254
255 /**
256 * Inserts the specified element at the end of this deque,
257 * waiting if necessary for space to become available.
258 *
259 * @param e the element to add
260 * @throws InterruptedException if interrupted while waiting
261 * @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified element
262 * prevents it from being added to this deque
263 * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null
264 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of the specified
265 * element prevents it from being added to this deque
266 */
267 void putLast(E e) throws InterruptedException;
268
269 /**
270 * Inserts the specified element at the front of this deque,
271 * waiting up to the specified wait time if necessary for space to
272 * become available.
273 *
274 * @param e the element to add
275 * @param timeout how long to wait before giving up, in units of
276 * <tt>unit</tt>
277 * @param unit a <tt>TimeUnit</tt> determining how to interpret the
278 * <tt>timeout</tt> parameter
279 * @return <tt>true</tt> if successful, or <tt>false</tt> if
280 * the specified waiting time elapses before space is available
281 * @throws InterruptedException if interrupted while waiting
282 * @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified element
283 * prevents it from being added to this deque
284 * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null
285 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of the specified
286 * element prevents it from being added to this deque
287 */
288 boolean offerFirst(E e, long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
289 throws InterruptedException;
290
291 /**
292 * Inserts the specified element at the end of this deque,
293 * waiting up to the specified wait time if necessary for space to
294 * become available.
295 *
296 * @param e the element to add
297 * @param timeout how long to wait before giving up, in units of
298 * <tt>unit</tt>
299 * @param unit a <tt>TimeUnit</tt> determining how to interpret the
300 * <tt>timeout</tt> parameter
301 * @return <tt>true</tt> if successful, or <tt>false</tt> if
302 * the specified waiting time elapses before space is available
303 * @throws InterruptedException if interrupted while waiting
304 * @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified element
305 * prevents it from being added to this deque
306 * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null
307 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of the specified
308 * element prevents it from being added to this deque
309 */
310 boolean offerLast(E e, long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
311 throws InterruptedException;
312
313 /**
314 * Retrieves and removes the first element of this deque, waiting
315 * if necessary until an element becomes available.
316 *
317 * @return the head of this deque
318 * @throws InterruptedException if interrupted while waiting
319 */
320 E takeFirst() throws InterruptedException;
321
322 /**
323 * Retrieves and removes the last element of this deque, waiting
324 * if necessary until an element becomes available.
325 *
326 * @return the tail of this deque
327 * @throws InterruptedException if interrupted while waiting
328 */
329 E takeLast() throws InterruptedException;
330
331 /**
332 * Retrieves and removes the first element of this deque, waiting
333 * up to the specified wait time if necessary for an element to
334 * become available.
335 *
336 * @param timeout how long to wait before giving up, in units of
337 * <tt>unit</tt>
338 * @param unit a <tt>TimeUnit</tt> determining how to interpret the
339 * <tt>timeout</tt> parameter
340 * @return the head of this deque, or <tt>null</tt> if the specified
341 * waiting time elapses before an element is available
342 * @throws InterruptedException if interrupted while waiting
343 */
344 E pollFirst(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
345 throws InterruptedException;
346
347 /**
348 * Retrieves and removes the last element of this deque, waiting
349 * up to the specified wait time if necessary for an element to
350 * become available.
351 *
352 * @param timeout how long to wait before giving up, in units of
353 * <tt>unit</tt>
354 * @param unit a <tt>TimeUnit</tt> determining how to interpret the
355 * <tt>timeout</tt> parameter
356 * @return the tail of this deque, or <tt>null</tt> if the specified
357 * waiting time elapses before an element is available
358 * @throws InterruptedException if interrupted while waiting
359 */
360 E pollLast(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
361 throws InterruptedException;
362
363 /**
364 * Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from this deque.
365 * If the deque does not contain the element, it is unchanged.
366 * More formally, removes the first element <tt>e</tt> such that
367 * <tt>o.equals(e)</tt> (if such an element exists).
368 * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this deque contained the specified element
369 * (or equivalently, if this deque changed as a result of the call).
370 *
371 * @param o element to be removed from this deque, if present
372 * @return <tt>true</tt> if an element was removed as a result of this call
373 * @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified element
374 * is incompatible with this deque
375 * (<a href="Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
376 * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null
377 * (<a href="Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
378 */
379 boolean removeFirstOccurrence(Object o);
380
381 /**
382 * Removes the last occurrence of the specified element from this deque.
383 * If the deque does not contain the element, it is unchanged.
384 * More formally, removes the last element <tt>e</tt> such that
385 * <tt>o.equals(e)</tt> (if such an element exists).
386 * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this deque contained the specified element
387 * (or equivalently, if this deque changed as a result of the call).
388 *
389 * @param o element to be removed from this deque, if present
390 * @return <tt>true</tt> if an element was removed as a result of this call
391 * @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified element
392 * is incompatible with this deque
393 * (<a href="Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
394 * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null
395 * (<a href="Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
396 */
397 boolean removeLastOccurrence(Object o);
398
399 // *** BlockingQueue methods ***
400
401 /**
402 * Inserts the specified element into the queue represented by this deque
403 * (in other words, at the tail of this deque) if it is possible to do so
404 * immediately without violating capacity restrictions, returning
405 * <tt>true</tt> upon success and throwing an
406 * <tt>IllegalStateException</tt> if no space is currently available.
407 * When using a capacity-restricted deque, it is generally preferable to
408 * use {@link #offer(Object) offer}.
409 *
410 * <p>This method is equivalent to {@link #addLast(Object) addLast}.
411 *
412 * @param e the element to add
413 * @throws IllegalStateException {@inheritDoc}
414 * @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified element
415 * prevents it from being added to this deque
416 * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null
417 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of the specified
418 * element prevents it from being added to this deque
419 */
420 boolean add(E e);
421
422 /**
423 * Inserts the specified element into the queue represented by this deque
424 * (in other words, at the tail of this deque) if it is possible to do so
425 * immediately without violating capacity restrictions, returning
426 * <tt>true</tt> upon success and <tt>false</tt> if no space is currently
427 * available. When using a capacity-restricted deque, this method is
428 * generally preferable to the {@link #add} method, which can fail to
429 * insert an element only by throwing an exception.
430 *
431 * <p>This method is equivalent to {@link #offerLast(Object) offerLast}.
432 *
433 * @param e the element to add
434 * @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified element
435 * prevents it from being added to this deque
436 * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null
437 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of the specified
438 * element prevents it from being added to this deque
439 */
440 boolean offer(E e);
441
442 /**
443 * Inserts the specified element into the queue represented by this deque
444 * (in other words, at the tail of this deque), waiting if necessary for
445 * space to become available.
446 *
447 * <p>This method is equivalent to {@link #putLast(Object) putLast}.
448 *
449 * @param e the element to add
450 * @throws InterruptedException {@inheritDoc}
451 * @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified element
452 * prevents it from being added to this deque
453 * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null
454 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of the specified
455 * element prevents it from being added to this deque
456 */
457 void put(E e) throws InterruptedException;
458
459 /**
460 * Inserts the specified element into the queue represented by this deque
461 * (in other words, at the tail of this deque), waiting up to the
462 * specified wait time if necessary for space to become available.
463 *
464 * <p>This method is equivalent to
465 * {@link #offerLast(Object,long,TimeUnit) offerLast}.
466 *
467 * @param e the element to add
468 * @return <tt>true</tt> if the element was added to this deque, else
469 * <tt>false</tt>
470 * @throws InterruptedException {@inheritDoc}
471 * @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified element
472 * prevents it from being added to this deque
473 * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null
474 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of the specified
475 * element prevents it from being added to this deque
476 */
477 boolean offer(E e, long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
478 throws InterruptedException;
479
480 /**
481 * Retrieves and removes the head of the queue represented by this deque
482 * (in other words, the first element of this deque).
483 * This method differs from {@link #poll poll} only in that it
484 * throws an exception if this deque is empty.
485 *
486 * <p>This method is equivalent to {@link #removeFirst() removeFirst}.
487 *
488 * @return the head of the queue represented by this deque
489 * @throws NoSuchElementException if this deque is empty
490 */
491 E remove();
492
493 /**
494 * Retrieves and removes the head of the queue represented by this deque
495 * (in other words, the first element of this deque), or returns
496 * <tt>null</tt> if this deque is empty.
497 *
498 * <p>This method is equivalent to {@link #pollFirst()}.
499 *
500 * @return the head of this deque, or <tt>null</tt> if this deque is empty
501 */
502 E poll();
503
504 /**
505 * Retrieves and removes the head of the queue represented by this deque
506 * (in other words, the first element of this deque), waiting if
507 * necessary until an element becomes available.
508 *
509 * <p>This method is equivalent to {@link #takeFirst() takeFirst}.
510 *
511 * @return the head of this deque
512 * @throws InterruptedException if interrupted while waiting
513 */
514 E take() throws InterruptedException;
515
516 /**
517 * Retrieves and removes the head of the queue represented by this deque
518 * (in other words, the first element of this deque), waiting up to the
519 * specified wait time if necessary for an element to become available.
520 *
521 * <p>This method is equivalent to
522 * {@link #pollFirst(long,TimeUnit) pollFirst}.
523 *
524 * @return the head of this deque, or <tt>null</tt> if the
525 * specified waiting time elapses before an element is available
526 * @throws InterruptedException if interrupted while waiting
527 */
528 E poll(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
529 throws InterruptedException;
530
531 /**
532 * Retrieves, but does not remove, the head of the queue represented by
533 * this deque (in other words, the first element of this deque).
534 * This method differs from {@link #peek peek} only in that it throws an
535 * exception if this deque is empty.
536 *
537 * <p>This method is equivalent to {@link #getFirst() getFirst}.
538 *
539 * @return the head of this deque
540 * @throws NoSuchElementException if this deque is empty
541 */
542 E element();
543
544 /**
545 * Retrieves, but does not remove, the head of the queue represented by
546 * this deque (in other words, the first element of this deque), or
547 * returns <tt>null</tt> if this deque is empty.
548 *
549 * <p>This method is equivalent to {@link #peekFirst() peekFirst}.
550 *
551 * @return the head of this deque, or <tt>null</tt> if this deque is empty
552 */
553 E peek();
554
555 /**
556 * Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from this deque.
557 * If the deque does not contain the element, it is unchanged.
558 * More formally, removes the first element <tt>e</tt> such that
559 * <tt>o.equals(e)</tt> (if such an element exists).
560 * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this deque contained the specified element
561 * (or equivalently, if this deque changed as a result of the call).
562 *
563 * <p>This method is equivalent to
564 * {@link #removeFirstOccurrence(Object) removeFirstOccurrence}.
565 *
566 * @param o element to be removed from this deque, if present
567 * @return <tt>true</tt> if this deque changed as a result of the call
568 * @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified element
569 * is incompatible with this deque
570 * (<a href="Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
571 * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null
572 * (<a href="Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
573 */
574 boolean remove(Object o);
575
576 /**
577 * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this deque contains the specified element.
578 * More formally, returns <tt>true</tt> if and only if this deque contains
579 * at least one element <tt>e</tt> such that <tt>o.equals(e)</tt>.
580 *
581 * @param o object to be checked for containment in this deque
582 * @return <tt>true</tt> if this deque contains the specified element
583 * @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified element
584 * is incompatible with this deque
585 * (<a href="Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
586 * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null
587 * (<a href="Collection.html#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
588 */
589 public boolean contains(Object o);
590
591 /**
592 * Returns the number of elements in this deque.
593 *
594 * @return the number of elements in this deque
595 */
596 public int size();
597
598 /**
599 * Returns an iterator over the elements in this deque in proper sequence.
600 * The elements will be returned in order from first (head) to last (tail).
601 *
602 * @return an iterator over the elements in this deque in proper sequence
603 */
604 Iterator<E> iterator();
605
606 // *** Stack methods ***
607
608 /**
609 * Pushes an element onto the stack represented by this deque. In other
610 * words, inserts the element at the front of this deque unless it would
611 * violate capacity restrictions.
612 *
613 * <p>This method is equivalent to {@link #addFirst(Object) addFirst}.
614 *
615 * @throws IllegalStateException {@inheritDoc}
616 * @throws ClassCastException {@inheritDoc}
617 * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null
618 * @throws IllegalArgumentException {@inheritDoc}
619 */
620 void push(E e);
621 }