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Revision 1.6 by dl, Mon Jun 9 02:32:05 2003 UTC vs.
Revision 1.257 by jsr166, Tue Jun 3 23:49:57 2014 UTC

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1   /*
2   * Written by Doug Lea with assistance from members of JCP JSR-166
3 < * Expert Group and released to the public domain. Use, modify, and
4 < * redistribute this code in any way without acknowledgement.
3 > * Expert Group and released to the public domain, as explained at
4 > * http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
5   */
6  
7   package java.util.concurrent;
8  
9 < import java.util.*;
9 > import java.io.ObjectStreamField;
10   import java.io.Serializable;
11 < import java.io.IOException;
12 < import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
13 < import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
11 > import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
12 > import java.lang.reflect.Type;
13 > import java.util.AbstractMap;
14 > import java.util.Arrays;
15 > import java.util.Collection;
16 > import java.util.Comparator;
17 > import java.util.Enumeration;
18 > import java.util.HashMap;
19 > import java.util.Hashtable;
20 > import java.util.Iterator;
21 > import java.util.Map;
22 > import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
23 > import java.util.Set;
24 > import java.util.Spliterator;
25 > import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
26 > import java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool;
27 > import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
28 > import java.util.concurrent.locks.LockSupport;
29 > import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
30 > import java.util.function.BiConsumer;
31 > import java.util.function.BiFunction;
32 > import java.util.function.BinaryOperator;
33 > import java.util.function.Consumer;
34 > import java.util.function.DoubleBinaryOperator;
35 > import java.util.function.Function;
36 > import java.util.function.IntBinaryOperator;
37 > import java.util.function.LongBinaryOperator;
38 > import java.util.function.ToDoubleBiFunction;
39 > import java.util.function.ToDoubleFunction;
40 > import java.util.function.ToIntBiFunction;
41 > import java.util.function.ToIntFunction;
42 > import java.util.function.ToLongBiFunction;
43 > import java.util.function.ToLongFunction;
44 > import java.util.stream.Stream;
45  
46   /**
47   * A hash table supporting full concurrency of retrievals and
48 < * adjustable expected concurrency for updates. This class obeys the
49 < * same functional specification as
50 < * <tt>java.util.Hashtable</tt>. However, even though all operations
51 < * are thread-safe, retrieval operations do <em>not</em> entail
52 < * locking, and there is <em>not</em> any support for locking the
53 < * entire table in a way that prevents all access.  This class is
54 < * fully interoperable with Hashtable in programs that rely on its
48 > * high expected concurrency for updates. This class obeys the
49 > * same functional specification as {@link java.util.Hashtable}, and
50 > * includes versions of methods corresponding to each method of
51 > * {@code Hashtable}. However, even though all operations are
52 > * thread-safe, retrieval operations do <em>not</em> entail locking,
53 > * and there is <em>not</em> any support for locking the entire table
54 > * in a way that prevents all access.  This class is fully
55 > * interoperable with {@code Hashtable} in programs that rely on its
56   * thread safety but not on its synchronization details.
57 < *  
58 < * <p> Retrieval operations (including <tt>get</tt>) ordinarily
59 < * overlap with update operations (including <tt>put</tt> and
60 < * <tt>remove</tt>). Retrievals reflect the results of the most
57 > *
58 > * <p>Retrieval operations (including {@code get}) generally do not
59 > * block, so may overlap with update operations (including {@code put}
60 > * and {@code remove}). Retrievals reflect the results of the most
61   * recently <em>completed</em> update operations holding upon their
62 < * onset.  For aggregate operations such as <tt>putAll</tt> and
63 < * <tt>clear</tt>, concurrent retrievals may reflect insertion or
64 < * removal of only some entries.  Similarly, Iterators and
65 < * Enumerations return elements reflecting the state of the hash table
66 < * at some point at or since the creation of the iterator/enumeration.
67 < * They do <em>not</em> throw ConcurrentModificationException.
68 < * However, Iterators are designed to be used by only one thread at a
69 < * time.
70 < *
71 < * <p> The allowed concurrency among update operations is controlled
72 < * by the optional <tt>segments</tt> constructor argument (default
73 < * 16). The table is divided into this many independent parts; each of
74 < * which can be updated concurrently. Because placement in hash tables
75 < * is essentially random, the actual concurrency will vary. As a rough
76 < * rule of thumb, you should choose at least as many segments as you
77 < * expect concurrent threads. However, using more segments than you
78 < * need can waste space and time. Using a value of 1 for
79 < * <tt>segments</tt> results in a table that is concurrently readable
80 < * but can only be updated by one thread at a time.
81 < *
82 < * <p> Like Hashtable but unlike java.util.HashMap, this class does
83 < * NOT allow <tt>null</tt> to be used as a key or value.
84 < *
85 < **/
86 < public class ConcurrentHashMap<K, V> extends AbstractMap<K, V>
87 <        implements ConcurrentMap<K, V>, Cloneable, Serializable {
62 > * onset. (More formally, an update operation for a given key bears a
63 > * <em>happens-before</em> relation with any (non-null) retrieval for
64 > * that key reporting the updated value.)  For aggregate operations
65 > * such as {@code putAll} and {@code clear}, concurrent retrievals may
66 > * reflect insertion or removal of only some entries.  Similarly,
67 > * Iterators, Spliterators and Enumerations return elements reflecting the
68 > * state of the hash table at some point at or since the creation of the
69 > * iterator/enumeration.  They do <em>not</em> throw {@link
70 > * java.util.ConcurrentModificationException ConcurrentModificationException}.
71 > * However, iterators are designed to be used by only one thread at a time.
72 > * Bear in mind that the results of aggregate status methods including
73 > * {@code size}, {@code isEmpty}, and {@code containsValue} are typically
74 > * useful only when a map is not undergoing concurrent updates in other threads.
75 > * Otherwise the results of these methods reflect transient states
76 > * that may be adequate for monitoring or estimation purposes, but not
77 > * for program control.
78 > *
79 > * <p>The table is dynamically expanded when there are too many
80 > * collisions (i.e., keys that have distinct hash codes but fall into
81 > * the same slot modulo the table size), with the expected average
82 > * effect of maintaining roughly two bins per mapping (corresponding
83 > * to a 0.75 load factor threshold for resizing). There may be much
84 > * variance around this average as mappings are added and removed, but
85 > * overall, this maintains a commonly accepted time/space tradeoff for
86 > * hash tables.  However, resizing this or any other kind of hash
87 > * table may be a relatively slow operation. When possible, it is a
88 > * good idea to provide a size estimate as an optional {@code
89 > * initialCapacity} constructor argument. An additional optional
90 > * {@code loadFactor} constructor argument provides a further means of
91 > * customizing initial table capacity by specifying the table density
92 > * to be used in calculating the amount of space to allocate for the
93 > * given number of elements.  Also, for compatibility with previous
94 > * versions of this class, constructors may optionally specify an
95 > * expected {@code concurrencyLevel} as an additional hint for
96 > * internal sizing.  Note that using many keys with exactly the same
97 > * {@code hashCode()} is a sure way to slow down performance of any
98 > * hash table. To ameliorate impact, when keys are {@link Comparable},
99 > * this class may use comparison order among keys to help break ties.
100 > *
101 > * <p>A {@link Set} projection of a ConcurrentHashMap may be created
102 > * (using {@link #newKeySet()} or {@link #newKeySet(int)}), or viewed
103 > * (using {@link #keySet(Object)} when only keys are of interest, and the
104 > * mapped values are (perhaps transiently) not used or all take the
105 > * same mapping value.
106 > *
107 > * <p>A ConcurrentHashMap can be used as a scalable frequency map (a
108 > * form of histogram or multiset) by using {@link
109 > * java.util.concurrent.atomic.LongAdder} values and initializing via
110 > * {@link #computeIfAbsent computeIfAbsent}. For example, to add a count
111 > * to a {@code ConcurrentHashMap<String,LongAdder> freqs}, you can use
112 > * {@code freqs.computeIfAbsent(key, k -> new LongAdder()).increment();}
113 > *
114 > * <p>This class and its views and iterators implement all of the
115 > * <em>optional</em> methods of the {@link Map} and {@link Iterator}
116 > * interfaces.
117 > *
118 > * <p>Like {@link Hashtable} but unlike {@link HashMap}, this class
119 > * does <em>not</em> allow {@code null} to be used as a key or value.
120 > *
121 > * <p>ConcurrentHashMaps support a set of sequential and parallel bulk
122 > * operations that, unlike most {@link Stream} methods, are designed
123 > * to be safely, and often sensibly, applied even with maps that are
124 > * being concurrently updated by other threads; for example, when
125 > * computing a snapshot summary of the values in a shared registry.
126 > * There are three kinds of operation, each with four forms, accepting
127 > * functions with Keys, Values, Entries, and (Key, Value) arguments
128 > * and/or return values. Because the elements of a ConcurrentHashMap
129 > * are not ordered in any particular way, and may be processed in
130 > * different orders in different parallel executions, the correctness
131 > * of supplied functions should not depend on any ordering, or on any
132 > * other objects or values that may transiently change while
133 > * computation is in progress; and except for forEach actions, should
134 > * ideally be side-effect-free. Bulk operations on {@link java.util.Map.Entry}
135 > * objects do not support method {@code setValue}.
136 > *
137 > * <ul>
138 > * <li> forEach: Perform a given action on each element.
139 > * A variant form applies a given transformation on each element
140 > * before performing the action.</li>
141 > *
142 > * <li> search: Return the first available non-null result of
143 > * applying a given function on each element; skipping further
144 > * search when a result is found.</li>
145 > *
146 > * <li> reduce: Accumulate each element.  The supplied reduction
147 > * function cannot rely on ordering (more formally, it should be
148 > * both associative and commutative).  There are five variants:
149 > *
150 > * <ul>
151 > *
152 > * <li> Plain reductions. (There is not a form of this method for
153 > * (key, value) function arguments since there is no corresponding
154 > * return type.)</li>
155 > *
156 > * <li> Mapped reductions that accumulate the results of a given
157 > * function applied to each element.</li>
158 > *
159 > * <li> Reductions to scalar doubles, longs, and ints, using a
160 > * given basis value.</li>
161 > *
162 > * </ul>
163 > * </li>
164 > * </ul>
165 > *
166 > * <p>These bulk operations accept a {@code parallelismThreshold}
167 > * argument. Methods proceed sequentially if the current map size is
168 > * estimated to be less than the given threshold. Using a value of
169 > * {@code Long.MAX_VALUE} suppresses all parallelism.  Using a value
170 > * of {@code 1} results in maximal parallelism by partitioning into
171 > * enough subtasks to fully utilize the {@link
172 > * ForkJoinPool#commonPool()} that is used for all parallel
173 > * computations. Normally, you would initially choose one of these
174 > * extreme values, and then measure performance of using in-between
175 > * values that trade off overhead versus throughput.
176 > *
177 > * <p>The concurrency properties of bulk operations follow
178 > * from those of ConcurrentHashMap: Any non-null result returned
179 > * from {@code get(key)} and related access methods bears a
180 > * happens-before relation with the associated insertion or
181 > * update.  The result of any bulk operation reflects the
182 > * composition of these per-element relations (but is not
183 > * necessarily atomic with respect to the map as a whole unless it
184 > * is somehow known to be quiescent).  Conversely, because keys
185 > * and values in the map are never null, null serves as a reliable
186 > * atomic indicator of the current lack of any result.  To
187 > * maintain this property, null serves as an implicit basis for
188 > * all non-scalar reduction operations. For the double, long, and
189 > * int versions, the basis should be one that, when combined with
190 > * any other value, returns that other value (more formally, it
191 > * should be the identity element for the reduction). Most common
192 > * reductions have these properties; for example, computing a sum
193 > * with basis 0 or a minimum with basis MAX_VALUE.
194 > *
195 > * <p>Search and transformation functions provided as arguments
196 > * should similarly return null to indicate the lack of any result
197 > * (in which case it is not used). In the case of mapped
198 > * reductions, this also enables transformations to serve as
199 > * filters, returning null (or, in the case of primitive
200 > * specializations, the identity basis) if the element should not
201 > * be combined. You can create compound transformations and
202 > * filterings by composing them yourself under this "null means
203 > * there is nothing there now" rule before using them in search or
204 > * reduce operations.
205 > *
206 > * <p>Methods accepting and/or returning Entry arguments maintain
207 > * key-value associations. They may be useful for example when
208 > * finding the key for the greatest value. Note that "plain" Entry
209 > * arguments can be supplied using {@code new
210 > * AbstractMap.SimpleEntry(k,v)}.
211 > *
212 > * <p>Bulk operations may complete abruptly, throwing an
213 > * exception encountered in the application of a supplied
214 > * function. Bear in mind when handling such exceptions that other
215 > * concurrently executing functions could also have thrown
216 > * exceptions, or would have done so if the first exception had
217 > * not occurred.
218 > *
219 > * <p>Speedups for parallel compared to sequential forms are common
220 > * but not guaranteed.  Parallel operations involving brief functions
221 > * on small maps may execute more slowly than sequential forms if the
222 > * underlying work to parallelize the computation is more expensive
223 > * than the computation itself.  Similarly, parallelization may not
224 > * lead to much actual parallelism if all processors are busy
225 > * performing unrelated tasks.
226 > *
227 > * <p>All arguments to all task methods must be non-null.
228 > *
229 > * <p>This class is a member of the
230 > * <a href="{@docRoot}/../technotes/guides/collections/index.html">
231 > * Java Collections Framework</a>.
232 > *
233 > * @since 1.5
234 > * @author Doug Lea
235 > * @param <K> the type of keys maintained by this map
236 > * @param <V> the type of mapped values
237 > */
238 > public class ConcurrentHashMap<K,V> extends AbstractMap<K,V>
239 >    implements ConcurrentMap<K,V>, Serializable {
240 >    private static final long serialVersionUID = 7249069246763182397L;
241  
242      /*
243 <     * The basic strategy is to subdivide the table among Segments,
244 <     * each of which itself is a concurrently readable hash table.
243 >     * Overview:
244 >     *
245 >     * The primary design goal of this hash table is to maintain
246 >     * concurrent readability (typically method get(), but also
247 >     * iterators and related methods) while minimizing update
248 >     * contention. Secondary goals are to keep space consumption about
249 >     * the same or better than java.util.HashMap, and to support high
250 >     * initial insertion rates on an empty table by many threads.
251 >     *
252 >     * This map usually acts as a binned (bucketed) hash table.  Each
253 >     * key-value mapping is held in a Node.  Most nodes are instances
254 >     * of the basic Node class with hash, key, value, and next
255 >     * fields. However, various subclasses exist: TreeNodes are
256 >     * arranged in balanced trees, not lists.  TreeBins hold the roots
257 >     * of sets of TreeNodes. ForwardingNodes are placed at the heads
258 >     * of bins during resizing. ReservationNodes are used as
259 >     * placeholders while establishing values in computeIfAbsent and
260 >     * related methods.  The types TreeBin, ForwardingNode, and
261 >     * ReservationNode do not hold normal user keys, values, or
262 >     * hashes, and are readily distinguishable during search etc
263 >     * because they have negative hash fields and null key and value
264 >     * fields. (These special nodes are either uncommon or transient,
265 >     * so the impact of carrying around some unused fields is
266 >     * insignificant.)
267 >     *
268 >     * The table is lazily initialized to a power-of-two size upon the
269 >     * first insertion.  Each bin in the table normally contains a
270 >     * list of Nodes (most often, the list has only zero or one Node).
271 >     * Table accesses require volatile/atomic reads, writes, and
272 >     * CASes.  Because there is no other way to arrange this without
273 >     * adding further indirections, we use intrinsics
274 >     * (sun.misc.Unsafe) operations.
275 >     *
276 >     * We use the top (sign) bit of Node hash fields for control
277 >     * purposes -- it is available anyway because of addressing
278 >     * constraints.  Nodes with negative hash fields are specially
279 >     * handled or ignored in map methods.
280 >     *
281 >     * Insertion (via put or its variants) of the first node in an
282 >     * empty bin is performed by just CASing it to the bin.  This is
283 >     * by far the most common case for put operations under most
284 >     * key/hash distributions.  Other update operations (insert,
285 >     * delete, and replace) require locks.  We do not want to waste
286 >     * the space required to associate a distinct lock object with
287 >     * each bin, so instead use the first node of a bin list itself as
288 >     * a lock. Locking support for these locks relies on builtin
289 >     * "synchronized" monitors.
290 >     *
291 >     * Using the first node of a list as a lock does not by itself
292 >     * suffice though: When a node is locked, any update must first
293 >     * validate that it is still the first node after locking it, and
294 >     * retry if not. Because new nodes are always appended to lists,
295 >     * once a node is first in a bin, it remains first until deleted
296 >     * or the bin becomes invalidated (upon resizing).
297 >     *
298 >     * The main disadvantage of per-bin locks is that other update
299 >     * operations on other nodes in a bin list protected by the same
300 >     * lock can stall, for example when user equals() or mapping
301 >     * functions take a long time.  However, statistically, under
302 >     * random hash codes, this is not a common problem.  Ideally, the
303 >     * frequency of nodes in bins follows a Poisson distribution
304 >     * (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poisson_distribution) with a
305 >     * parameter of about 0.5 on average, given the resizing threshold
306 >     * of 0.75, although with a large variance because of resizing
307 >     * granularity. Ignoring variance, the expected occurrences of
308 >     * list size k are (exp(-0.5) * pow(0.5, k) / factorial(k)). The
309 >     * first values are:
310 >     *
311 >     * 0:    0.60653066
312 >     * 1:    0.30326533
313 >     * 2:    0.07581633
314 >     * 3:    0.01263606
315 >     * 4:    0.00157952
316 >     * 5:    0.00015795
317 >     * 6:    0.00001316
318 >     * 7:    0.00000094
319 >     * 8:    0.00000006
320 >     * more: less than 1 in ten million
321 >     *
322 >     * Lock contention probability for two threads accessing distinct
323 >     * elements is roughly 1 / (8 * #elements) under random hashes.
324 >     *
325 >     * Actual hash code distributions encountered in practice
326 >     * sometimes deviate significantly from uniform randomness.  This
327 >     * includes the case when N > (1<<30), so some keys MUST collide.
328 >     * Similarly for dumb or hostile usages in which multiple keys are
329 >     * designed to have identical hash codes or ones that differs only
330 >     * in masked-out high bits. So we use a secondary strategy that
331 >     * applies when the number of nodes in a bin exceeds a
332 >     * threshold. These TreeBins use a balanced tree to hold nodes (a
333 >     * specialized form of red-black trees), bounding search time to
334 >     * O(log N).  Each search step in a TreeBin is at least twice as
335 >     * slow as in a regular list, but given that N cannot exceed
336 >     * (1<<64) (before running out of addresses) this bounds search
337 >     * steps, lock hold times, etc, to reasonable constants (roughly
338 >     * 100 nodes inspected per operation worst case) so long as keys
339 >     * are Comparable (which is very common -- String, Long, etc).
340 >     * TreeBin nodes (TreeNodes) also maintain the same "next"
341 >     * traversal pointers as regular nodes, so can be traversed in
342 >     * iterators in the same way.
343 >     *
344 >     * The table is resized when occupancy exceeds a percentage
345 >     * threshold (nominally, 0.75, but see below).  Any thread
346 >     * noticing an overfull bin may assist in resizing after the
347 >     * initiating thread allocates and sets up the replacement array.
348 >     * However, rather than stalling, these other threads may proceed
349 >     * with insertions etc.  The use of TreeBins shields us from the
350 >     * worst case effects of overfilling while resizes are in
351 >     * progress.  Resizing proceeds by transferring bins, one by one,
352 >     * from the table to the next table. However, threads claim small
353 >     * blocks of indices to transfer (via field transferIndex) before
354 >     * doing so, reducing contention.  A generation stamp in field
355 >     * sizeCtl ensures that resizings do not overlap. Because we are
356 >     * using power-of-two expansion, the elements from each bin must
357 >     * either stay at same index, or move with a power of two
358 >     * offset. We eliminate unnecessary node creation by catching
359 >     * cases where old nodes can be reused because their next fields
360 >     * won't change.  On average, only about one-sixth of them need
361 >     * cloning when a table doubles. The nodes they replace will be
362 >     * garbage collectable as soon as they are no longer referenced by
363 >     * any reader thread that may be in the midst of concurrently
364 >     * traversing table.  Upon transfer, the old table bin contains
365 >     * only a special forwarding node (with hash field "MOVED") that
366 >     * contains the next table as its key. On encountering a
367 >     * forwarding node, access and update operations restart, using
368 >     * the new table.
369 >     *
370 >     * Each bin transfer requires its bin lock, which can stall
371 >     * waiting for locks while resizing. However, because other
372 >     * threads can join in and help resize rather than contend for
373 >     * locks, average aggregate waits become shorter as resizing
374 >     * progresses.  The transfer operation must also ensure that all
375 >     * accessible bins in both the old and new table are usable by any
376 >     * traversal.  This is arranged in part by proceeding from the
377 >     * last bin (table.length - 1) up towards the first.  Upon seeing
378 >     * a forwarding node, traversals (see class Traverser) arrange to
379 >     * move to the new table without revisiting nodes.  To ensure that
380 >     * no intervening nodes are skipped even when moved out of order,
381 >     * a stack (see class TableStack) is created on first encounter of
382 >     * a forwarding node during a traversal, to maintain its place if
383 >     * later processing the current table. The need for these
384 >     * save/restore mechanics is relatively rare, but when one
385 >     * forwarding node is encountered, typically many more will be.
386 >     * So Traversers use a simple caching scheme to avoid creating so
387 >     * many new TableStack nodes. (Thanks to Peter Levart for
388 >     * suggesting use of a stack here.)
389 >     *
390 >     * The traversal scheme also applies to partial traversals of
391 >     * ranges of bins (via an alternate Traverser constructor)
392 >     * to support partitioned aggregate operations.  Also, read-only
393 >     * operations give up if ever forwarded to a null table, which
394 >     * provides support for shutdown-style clearing, which is also not
395 >     * currently implemented.
396 >     *
397 >     * Lazy table initialization minimizes footprint until first use,
398 >     * and also avoids resizings when the first operation is from a
399 >     * putAll, constructor with map argument, or deserialization.
400 >     * These cases attempt to override the initial capacity settings,
401 >     * but harmlessly fail to take effect in cases of races.
402 >     *
403 >     * The element count is maintained using a specialization of
404 >     * LongAdder. We need to incorporate a specialization rather than
405 >     * just use a LongAdder in order to access implicit
406 >     * contention-sensing that leads to creation of multiple
407 >     * CounterCells.  The counter mechanics avoid contention on
408 >     * updates but can encounter cache thrashing if read too
409 >     * frequently during concurrent access. To avoid reading so often,
410 >     * resizing under contention is attempted only upon adding to a
411 >     * bin already holding two or more nodes. Under uniform hash
412 >     * distributions, the probability of this occurring at threshold
413 >     * is around 13%, meaning that only about 1 in 8 puts check
414 >     * threshold (and after resizing, many fewer do so).
415 >     *
416 >     * TreeBins use a special form of comparison for search and
417 >     * related operations (which is the main reason we cannot use
418 >     * existing collections such as TreeMaps). TreeBins contain
419 >     * Comparable elements, but may contain others, as well as
420 >     * elements that are Comparable but not necessarily Comparable for
421 >     * the same T, so we cannot invoke compareTo among them. To handle
422 >     * this, the tree is ordered primarily by hash value, then by
423 >     * Comparable.compareTo order if applicable.  On lookup at a node,
424 >     * if elements are not comparable or compare as 0 then both left
425 >     * and right children may need to be searched in the case of tied
426 >     * hash values. (This corresponds to the full list search that
427 >     * would be necessary if all elements were non-Comparable and had
428 >     * tied hashes.) On insertion, to keep a total ordering (or as
429 >     * close as is required here) across rebalancings, we compare
430 >     * classes and identityHashCodes as tie-breakers. The red-black
431 >     * balancing code is updated from pre-jdk-collections
432 >     * (http://gee.cs.oswego.edu/dl/classes/collections/RBCell.java)
433 >     * based in turn on Cormen, Leiserson, and Rivest "Introduction to
434 >     * Algorithms" (CLR).
435 >     *
436 >     * TreeBins also require an additional locking mechanism.  While
437 >     * list traversal is always possible by readers even during
438 >     * updates, tree traversal is not, mainly because of tree-rotations
439 >     * that may change the root node and/or its linkages.  TreeBins
440 >     * include a simple read-write lock mechanism parasitic on the
441 >     * main bin-synchronization strategy: Structural adjustments
442 >     * associated with an insertion or removal are already bin-locked
443 >     * (and so cannot conflict with other writers) but must wait for
444 >     * ongoing readers to finish. Since there can be only one such
445 >     * waiter, we use a simple scheme using a single "waiter" field to
446 >     * block writers.  However, readers need never block.  If the root
447 >     * lock is held, they proceed along the slow traversal path (via
448 >     * next-pointers) until the lock becomes available or the list is
449 >     * exhausted, whichever comes first. These cases are not fast, but
450 >     * maximize aggregate expected throughput.
451 >     *
452 >     * Maintaining API and serialization compatibility with previous
453 >     * versions of this class introduces several oddities. Mainly: We
454 >     * leave untouched but unused constructor arguments refering to
455 >     * concurrencyLevel. We accept a loadFactor constructor argument,
456 >     * but apply it only to initial table capacity (which is the only
457 >     * time that we can guarantee to honor it.) We also declare an
458 >     * unused "Segment" class that is instantiated in minimal form
459 >     * only when serializing.
460 >     *
461 >     * Also, solely for compatibility with previous versions of this
462 >     * class, it extends AbstractMap, even though all of its methods
463 >     * are overridden, so it is just useless baggage.
464 >     *
465 >     * This file is organized to make things a little easier to follow
466 >     * while reading than they might otherwise: First the main static
467 >     * declarations and utilities, then fields, then main public
468 >     * methods (with a few factorings of multiple public methods into
469 >     * internal ones), then sizing methods, trees, traversers, and
470 >     * bulk operations.
471       */
472  
473      /* ---------------- Constants -------------- */
474 <    
474 >
475 >    /**
476 >     * The largest possible table capacity.  This value must be
477 >     * exactly 1<<30 to stay within Java array allocation and indexing
478 >     * bounds for power of two table sizes, and is further required
479 >     * because the top two bits of 32bit hash fields are used for
480 >     * control purposes.
481 >     */
482 >    private static final int MAXIMUM_CAPACITY = 1 << 30;
483 >
484 >    /**
485 >     * The default initial table capacity.  Must be a power of 2
486 >     * (i.e., at least 1) and at most MAXIMUM_CAPACITY.
487 >     */
488 >    private static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 16;
489 >
490 >    /**
491 >     * The largest possible (non-power of two) array size.
492 >     * Needed by toArray and related methods.
493 >     */
494 >    static final int MAX_ARRAY_SIZE = Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8;
495 >
496 >    /**
497 >     * The default concurrency level for this table. Unused but
498 >     * defined for compatibility with previous versions of this class.
499 >     */
500 >    private static final int DEFAULT_CONCURRENCY_LEVEL = 16;
501 >
502      /**
503 <     * The default initial number of table slots for this table (32).
504 <     * Used when not otherwise specified in constructor.
503 >     * The load factor for this table. Overrides of this value in
504 >     * constructors affect only the initial table capacity.  The
505 >     * actual floating point value isn't normally used -- it is
506 >     * simpler to use expressions such as {@code n - (n >>> 2)} for
507 >     * the associated resizing threshold.
508       */
509 <    static int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 16;
509 >    private static final float LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f;
510  
511      /**
512 <     * The maximum capacity, used if a higher value is implicitly
513 <     * specified by either of the constructors with arguments.  MUST
514 <     * be a power of two <= 1<<30.
512 >     * The bin count threshold for using a tree rather than list for a
513 >     * bin.  Bins are converted to trees when adding an element to a
514 >     * bin with at least this many nodes. The value must be greater
515 >     * than 2, and should be at least 8 to mesh with assumptions in
516 >     * tree removal about conversion back to plain bins upon
517 >     * shrinkage.
518       */
519 <    static final int MAXIMUM_CAPACITY = 1 << 30;
520 <  
519 >    static final int TREEIFY_THRESHOLD = 8;
520 >
521 >    /**
522 >     * The bin count threshold for untreeifying a (split) bin during a
523 >     * resize operation. Should be less than TREEIFY_THRESHOLD, and at
524 >     * most 6 to mesh with shrinkage detection under removal.
525 >     */
526 >    static final int UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD = 6;
527 >
528 >    /**
529 >     * The smallest table capacity for which bins may be treeified.
530 >     * (Otherwise the table is resized if too many nodes in a bin.)
531 >     * The value should be at least 4 * TREEIFY_THRESHOLD to avoid
532 >     * conflicts between resizing and treeification thresholds.
533 >     */
534 >    static final int MIN_TREEIFY_CAPACITY = 64;
535 >
536      /**
537 <     * The default load factor for this table.  Used when not
538 <     * otherwise specified in constructor.
537 >     * Minimum number of rebinnings per transfer step. Ranges are
538 >     * subdivided to allow multiple resizer threads.  This value
539 >     * serves as a lower bound to avoid resizers encountering
540 >     * excessive memory contention.  The value should be at least
541 >     * DEFAULT_CAPACITY.
542       */
543 <    static final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f;
543 >    private static final int MIN_TRANSFER_STRIDE = 16;
544  
545      /**
546 <     * The default number of concurrency control segments.
547 <     **/
548 <    private static final int DEFAULT_SEGMENTS = 16;
546 >     * The number of bits used for generation stamp in sizeCtl.
547 >     * Must be at least 6 for 32bit arrays.
548 >     */
549 >    private static int RESIZE_STAMP_BITS = 16;
550 >
551 >    /**
552 >     * The maximum number of threads that can help resize.
553 >     * Must fit in 32 - RESIZE_STAMP_BITS bits.
554 >     */
555 >    private static final int MAX_RESIZERS = (1 << (32 - RESIZE_STAMP_BITS)) - 1;
556 >
557 >    /**
558 >     * The bit shift for recording size stamp in sizeCtl.
559 >     */
560 >    private static final int RESIZE_STAMP_SHIFT = 32 - RESIZE_STAMP_BITS;
561 >
562 >    /*
563 >     * Encodings for Node hash fields. See above for explanation.
564 >     */
565 >    static final int MOVED     = -1; // hash for forwarding nodes
566 >    static final int TREEBIN   = -2; // hash for roots of trees
567 >    static final int RESERVED  = -3; // hash for transient reservations
568 >    static final int HASH_BITS = 0x7fffffff; // usable bits of normal node hash
569 >
570 >    /** Number of CPUS, to place bounds on some sizings */
571 >    static final int NCPU = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors();
572 >
573 >    /** For serialization compatibility. */
574 >    private static final ObjectStreamField[] serialPersistentFields = {
575 >        new ObjectStreamField("segments", Segment[].class),
576 >        new ObjectStreamField("segmentMask", Integer.TYPE),
577 >        new ObjectStreamField("segmentShift", Integer.TYPE)
578 >    };
579 >
580 >    /* ---------------- Nodes -------------- */
581 >
582 >    /**
583 >     * Key-value entry.  This class is never exported out as a
584 >     * user-mutable Map.Entry (i.e., one supporting setValue; see
585 >     * MapEntry below), but can be used for read-only traversals used
586 >     * in bulk tasks.  Subclasses of Node with a negative hash field
587 >     * are special, and contain null keys and values (but are never
588 >     * exported).  Otherwise, keys and vals are never null.
589 >     */
590 >    static class Node<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> {
591 >        final int hash;
592 >        final K key;
593 >        volatile V val;
594 >        volatile Node<K,V> next;
595 >
596 >        Node(int hash, K key, V val, Node<K,V> next) {
597 >            this.hash = hash;
598 >            this.key = key;
599 >            this.val = val;
600 >            this.next = next;
601 >        }
602 >
603 >        public final K getKey()       { return key; }
604 >        public final V getValue()     { return val; }
605 >        public final int hashCode()   { return key.hashCode() ^ val.hashCode(); }
606 >        public final String toString(){ return key + "=" + val; }
607 >        public final V setValue(V value) {
608 >            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
609 >        }
610 >
611 >        public final boolean equals(Object o) {
612 >            Object k, v, u; Map.Entry<?,?> e;
613 >            return ((o instanceof Map.Entry) &&
614 >                    (k = (e = (Map.Entry<?,?>)o).getKey()) != null &&
615 >                    (v = e.getValue()) != null &&
616 >                    (k == key || k.equals(key)) &&
617 >                    (v == (u = val) || v.equals(u)));
618 >        }
619 >
620 >        /**
621 >         * Virtualized support for map.get(); overridden in subclasses.
622 >         */
623 >        Node<K,V> find(int h, Object k) {
624 >            Node<K,V> e = this;
625 >            if (k != null) {
626 >                do {
627 >                    K ek;
628 >                    if (e.hash == h &&
629 >                        ((ek = e.key) == k || (ek != null && k.equals(ek))))
630 >                        return e;
631 >                } while ((e = e.next) != null);
632 >            }
633 >            return null;
634 >        }
635 >    }
636 >
637 >    /* ---------------- Static utilities -------------- */
638 >
639 >    /**
640 >     * Spreads (XORs) higher bits of hash to lower and also forces top
641 >     * bit to 0. Because the table uses power-of-two masking, sets of
642 >     * hashes that vary only in bits above the current mask will
643 >     * always collide. (Among known examples are sets of Float keys
644 >     * holding consecutive whole numbers in small tables.)  So we
645 >     * apply a transform that spreads the impact of higher bits
646 >     * downward. There is a tradeoff between speed, utility, and
647 >     * quality of bit-spreading. Because many common sets of hashes
648 >     * are already reasonably distributed (so don't benefit from
649 >     * spreading), and because we use trees to handle large sets of
650 >     * collisions in bins, we just XOR some shifted bits in the
651 >     * cheapest possible way to reduce systematic lossage, as well as
652 >     * to incorporate impact of the highest bits that would otherwise
653 >     * never be used in index calculations because of table bounds.
654 >     */
655 >    static final int spread(int h) {
656 >        return (h ^ (h >>> 16)) & HASH_BITS;
657 >    }
658 >
659 >    /**
660 >     * Returns a power of two table size for the given desired capacity.
661 >     * See Hackers Delight, sec 3.2
662 >     */
663 >    private static final int tableSizeFor(int c) {
664 >        int n = c - 1;
665 >        n |= n >>> 1;
666 >        n |= n >>> 2;
667 >        n |= n >>> 4;
668 >        n |= n >>> 8;
669 >        n |= n >>> 16;
670 >        return (n < 0) ? 1 : (n >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) ? MAXIMUM_CAPACITY : n + 1;
671 >    }
672 >
673 >    /**
674 >     * Returns x's Class if it is of the form "class C implements
675 >     * Comparable<C>", else null.
676 >     */
677 >    static Class<?> comparableClassFor(Object x) {
678 >        if (x instanceof Comparable) {
679 >            Class<?> c; Type[] ts, as; Type t; ParameterizedType p;
680 >            if ((c = x.getClass()) == String.class) // bypass checks
681 >                return c;
682 >            if ((ts = c.getGenericInterfaces()) != null) {
683 >                for (int i = 0; i < ts.length; ++i) {
684 >                    if (((t = ts[i]) instanceof ParameterizedType) &&
685 >                        ((p = (ParameterizedType)t).getRawType() ==
686 >                         Comparable.class) &&
687 >                        (as = p.getActualTypeArguments()) != null &&
688 >                        as.length == 1 && as[0] == c) // type arg is c
689 >                        return c;
690 >                }
691 >            }
692 >        }
693 >        return null;
694 >    }
695 >
696 >    /**
697 >     * Returns k.compareTo(x) if x matches kc (k's screened comparable
698 >     * class), else 0.
699 >     */
700 >    @SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes","unchecked"}) // for cast to Comparable
701 >    static int compareComparables(Class<?> kc, Object k, Object x) {
702 >        return (x == null || x.getClass() != kc ? 0 :
703 >                ((Comparable)k).compareTo(x));
704 >    }
705 >
706 >    /* ---------------- Table element access -------------- */
707 >
708 >    /*
709 >     * Volatile access methods are used for table elements as well as
710 >     * elements of in-progress next table while resizing.  All uses of
711 >     * the tab arguments must be null checked by callers.  All callers
712 >     * also paranoically precheck that tab's length is not zero (or an
713 >     * equivalent check), thus ensuring that any index argument taking
714 >     * the form of a hash value anded with (length - 1) is a valid
715 >     * index.  Note that, to be correct wrt arbitrary concurrency
716 >     * errors by users, these checks must operate on local variables,
717 >     * which accounts for some odd-looking inline assignments below.
718 >     * Note that calls to setTabAt always occur within locked regions,
719 >     * and so in principle require only release ordering, not
720 >     * full volatile semantics, but are currently coded as volatile
721 >     * writes to be conservative.
722 >     */
723 >
724 >    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
725 >    static final <K,V> Node<K,V> tabAt(Node<K,V>[] tab, int i) {
726 >        return (Node<K,V>)U.getObjectVolatile(tab, ((long)i << ASHIFT) + ABASE);
727 >    }
728 >
729 >    static final <K,V> boolean casTabAt(Node<K,V>[] tab, int i,
730 >                                        Node<K,V> c, Node<K,V> v) {
731 >        return U.compareAndSwapObject(tab, ((long)i << ASHIFT) + ABASE, c, v);
732 >    }
733 >
734 >    static final <K,V> void setTabAt(Node<K,V>[] tab, int i, Node<K,V> v) {
735 >        U.putObjectVolatile(tab, ((long)i << ASHIFT) + ABASE, v);
736 >    }
737  
738      /* ---------------- Fields -------------- */
739  
740      /**
741 <     * Mask value for indexing into segments. The lower bits of a
742 <     * key's hash code are used to choose the segment, and the
743 <     * remaining bits are used as the placement hashcode used within
744 <     * the segment.
95 <     **/
96 <    private final int segmentMask;
741 >     * The array of bins. Lazily initialized upon first insertion.
742 >     * Size is always a power of two. Accessed directly by iterators.
743 >     */
744 >    transient volatile Node<K,V>[] table;
745  
746      /**
747 <     * Shift value for indexing within segments.
748 <     **/
749 <    private final int segmentShift;
747 >     * The next table to use; non-null only while resizing.
748 >     */
749 >    private transient volatile Node<K,V>[] nextTable;
750  
751      /**
752 <     * The segments, each of which is a specialized hash table
752 >     * Base counter value, used mainly when there is no contention,
753 >     * but also as a fallback during table initialization
754 >     * races. Updated via CAS.
755       */
756 <    private final Segment<K,V>[] segments;
756 >    private transient volatile long baseCount;
757  
758 <    private transient Set<K> keySet;
759 <    private transient Set/*<Map.Entry<K,V>>*/ entrySet;
760 <    private transient Collection<V> values;
758 >    /**
759 >     * Table initialization and resizing control.  When negative, the
760 >     * table is being initialized or resized: -1 for initialization,
761 >     * else -(1 + the number of active resizing threads).  Otherwise,
762 >     * when table is null, holds the initial table size to use upon
763 >     * creation, or 0 for default. After initialization, holds the
764 >     * next element count value upon which to resize the table.
765 >     */
766 >    private transient volatile int sizeCtl;
767  
768 <    /* ---------------- Small Utilities -------------- */
768 >    /**
769 >     * The next table index (plus one) to split while resizing.
770 >     */
771 >    private transient volatile int transferIndex;
772  
773      /**
774 <     * Return a hash code for non-null Object x.  
116 <     * Uses the same hash code spreader as most other j.u hash tables.
774 >     * Spinlock (locked via CAS) used when resizing and/or creating CounterCells.
775       */
776 <    private static int hash(Object x) {
777 <        int h = x.hashCode();
778 <        h += ~(h << 9);
779 <        h ^=  (h >>> 14);
780 <        h +=  (h << 4);
781 <        h ^=  (h >>> 10);
782 <        return h;
776 >    private transient volatile int cellsBusy;
777 >
778 >    /**
779 >     * Table of counter cells. When non-null, size is a power of 2.
780 >     */
781 >    private transient volatile CounterCell[] counterCells;
782 >
783 >    // views
784 >    private transient KeySetView<K,V> keySet;
785 >    private transient ValuesView<K,V> values;
786 >    private transient EntrySetView<K,V> entrySet;
787 >
788 >
789 >    /* ---------------- Public operations -------------- */
790 >
791 >    /**
792 >     * Creates a new, empty map with the default initial table size (16).
793 >     */
794 >    public ConcurrentHashMap() {
795 >    }
796 >
797 >    /**
798 >     * Creates a new, empty map with an initial table size
799 >     * accommodating the specified number of elements without the need
800 >     * to dynamically resize.
801 >     *
802 >     * @param initialCapacity The implementation performs internal
803 >     * sizing to accommodate this many elements.
804 >     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the initial capacity of
805 >     * elements is negative
806 >     */
807 >    public ConcurrentHashMap(int initialCapacity) {
808 >        if (initialCapacity < 0)
809 >            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
810 >        int cap = ((initialCapacity >= (MAXIMUM_CAPACITY >>> 1)) ?
811 >                   MAXIMUM_CAPACITY :
812 >                   tableSizeFor(initialCapacity + (initialCapacity >>> 1) + 1));
813 >        this.sizeCtl = cap;
814      }
815  
816 <    /**
817 <     * Check for equality of non-null references x and y.
818 <     **/
819 <    private static boolean eq(Object x, Object y) {
820 <        return x == y || x.equals(y);
816 >    /**
817 >     * Creates a new map with the same mappings as the given map.
818 >     *
819 >     * @param m the map
820 >     */
821 >    public ConcurrentHashMap(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
822 >        this.sizeCtl = DEFAULT_CAPACITY;
823 >        putAll(m);
824      }
825  
826      /**
827 <     * Return index for hash code h in table of given length.
827 >     * Creates a new, empty map with an initial table size based on
828 >     * the given number of elements ({@code initialCapacity}) and
829 >     * initial table density ({@code loadFactor}).
830 >     *
831 >     * @param initialCapacity the initial capacity. The implementation
832 >     * performs internal sizing to accommodate this many elements,
833 >     * given the specified load factor.
834 >     * @param loadFactor the load factor (table density) for
835 >     * establishing the initial table size
836 >     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the initial capacity of
837 >     * elements is negative or the load factor is nonpositive
838 >     *
839 >     * @since 1.6
840       */
841 <    private static int indexFor(int h, int length) {
842 <        return h & (length-1);
841 >    public ConcurrentHashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
842 >        this(initialCapacity, loadFactor, 1);
843      }
844  
845      /**
846 <     * Return the segment that should be used for key with given hash
846 >     * Creates a new, empty map with an initial table size based on
847 >     * the given number of elements ({@code initialCapacity}), table
848 >     * density ({@code loadFactor}), and number of concurrently
849 >     * updating threads ({@code concurrencyLevel}).
850 >     *
851 >     * @param initialCapacity the initial capacity. The implementation
852 >     * performs internal sizing to accommodate this many elements,
853 >     * given the specified load factor.
854 >     * @param loadFactor the load factor (table density) for
855 >     * establishing the initial table size
856 >     * @param concurrencyLevel the estimated number of concurrently
857 >     * updating threads. The implementation may use this value as
858 >     * a sizing hint.
859 >     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the initial capacity is
860 >     * negative or the load factor or concurrencyLevel are
861 >     * nonpositive
862       */
863 <    private Segment<K,V> segmentFor(int hash) {
864 <        return segments[hash & segmentMask];
863 >    public ConcurrentHashMap(int initialCapacity,
864 >                             float loadFactor, int concurrencyLevel) {
865 >        if (!(loadFactor > 0.0f) || initialCapacity < 0 || concurrencyLevel <= 0)
866 >            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
867 >        if (initialCapacity < concurrencyLevel)   // Use at least as many bins
868 >            initialCapacity = concurrencyLevel;   // as estimated threads
869 >        long size = (long)(1.0 + (long)initialCapacity / loadFactor);
870 >        int cap = (size >= (long)MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) ?
871 >            MAXIMUM_CAPACITY : tableSizeFor((int)size);
872 >        this.sizeCtl = cap;
873      }
874  
875 +    // Original (since JDK1.2) Map methods
876 +
877      /**
878 <     * Strip the segment index from hash code to use as a per-segment hash.
878 >     * {@inheritDoc}
879       */
880 <    private int segmentHashFor(int hash) {
881 <        return hash >>> segmentShift;
880 >    public int size() {
881 >        long n = sumCount();
882 >        return ((n < 0L) ? 0 :
883 >                (n > (long)Integer.MAX_VALUE) ? Integer.MAX_VALUE :
884 >                (int)n);
885      }
886  
887 <    /* ---------------- Inner Classes -------------- */
887 >    /**
888 >     * {@inheritDoc}
889 >     */
890 >    public boolean isEmpty() {
891 >        return sumCount() <= 0L; // ignore transient negative values
892 >    }
893  
894      /**
895 <     * Segments are specialized versions of hash tables.  This
896 <     * subclasses from ReentrantLock opportunistically, just to
897 <     * simplify some locking and avoid separate construction.
898 <     **/
899 <    private final static class Segment<K,V> extends ReentrantLock implements Serializable {
895 >     * Returns the value to which the specified key is mapped,
896 >     * or {@code null} if this map contains no mapping for the key.
897 >     *
898 >     * <p>More formally, if this map contains a mapping from a key
899 >     * {@code k} to a value {@code v} such that {@code key.equals(k)},
900 >     * then this method returns {@code v}; otherwise it returns
901 >     * {@code null}.  (There can be at most one such mapping.)
902 >     *
903 >     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified key is null
904 >     */
905 >    public V get(Object key) {
906 >        Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> e, p; int n, eh; K ek;
907 >        int h = spread(key.hashCode());
908 >        if ((tab = table) != null && (n = tab.length) > 0 &&
909 >            (e = tabAt(tab, (n - 1) & h)) != null) {
910 >            if ((eh = e.hash) == h) {
911 >                if ((ek = e.key) == key || (ek != null && key.equals(ek)))
912 >                    return e.val;
913 >            }
914 >            else if (eh < 0)
915 >                return (p = e.find(h, key)) != null ? p.val : null;
916 >            while ((e = e.next) != null) {
917 >                if (e.hash == h &&
918 >                    ((ek = e.key) == key || (ek != null && key.equals(ek))))
919 >                    return e.val;
920 >            }
921 >        }
922 >        return null;
923 >    }
924 >
925 >    /**
926 >     * Tests if the specified object is a key in this table.
927 >     *
928 >     * @param  key possible key
929 >     * @return {@code true} if and only if the specified object
930 >     *         is a key in this table, as determined by the
931 >     *         {@code equals} method; {@code false} otherwise
932 >     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified key is null
933 >     */
934 >    public boolean containsKey(Object key) {
935 >        return get(key) != null;
936 >    }
937 >
938 >    /**
939 >     * Returns {@code true} if this map maps one or more keys to the
940 >     * specified value. Note: This method may require a full traversal
941 >     * of the map, and is much slower than method {@code containsKey}.
942 >     *
943 >     * @param value value whose presence in this map is to be tested
944 >     * @return {@code true} if this map maps one or more keys to the
945 >     *         specified value
946 >     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified value is null
947 >     */
948 >    public boolean containsValue(Object value) {
949 >        if (value == null)
950 >            throw new NullPointerException();
951 >        Node<K,V>[] t;
952 >        if ((t = table) != null) {
953 >            Traverser<K,V> it = new Traverser<K,V>(t, t.length, 0, t.length);
954 >            for (Node<K,V> p; (p = it.advance()) != null; ) {
955 >                V v;
956 >                if ((v = p.val) == value || (v != null && value.equals(v)))
957 >                    return true;
958 >            }
959 >        }
960 >        return false;
961 >    }
962 >
963 >    /**
964 >     * Maps the specified key to the specified value in this table.
965 >     * Neither the key nor the value can be null.
966 >     *
967 >     * <p>The value can be retrieved by calling the {@code get} method
968 >     * with a key that is equal to the original key.
969 >     *
970 >     * @param key key with which the specified value is to be associated
971 >     * @param value value to be associated with the specified key
972 >     * @return the previous value associated with {@code key}, or
973 >     *         {@code null} if there was no mapping for {@code key}
974 >     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified key or value is null
975 >     */
976 >    public V put(K key, V value) {
977 >        return putVal(key, value, false);
978 >    }
979 >
980 >    /** Implementation for put and putIfAbsent */
981 >    final V putVal(K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent) {
982 >        if (key == null || value == null) throw new NullPointerException();
983 >        int hash = spread(key.hashCode());
984 >        int binCount = 0;
985 >        for (Node<K,V>[] tab = table;;) {
986 >            Node<K,V> f; int n, i, fh;
987 >            if (tab == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
988 >                tab = initTable();
989 >            else if ((f = tabAt(tab, i = (n - 1) & hash)) == null) {
990 >                if (casTabAt(tab, i, null,
991 >                             new Node<K,V>(hash, key, value, null)))
992 >                    break;                   // no lock when adding to empty bin
993 >            }
994 >            else if ((fh = f.hash) == MOVED)
995 >                tab = helpTransfer(tab, f);
996 >            else {
997 >                V oldVal = null;
998 >                synchronized (f) {
999 >                    if (tabAt(tab, i) == f) {
1000 >                        if (fh >= 0) {
1001 >                            binCount = 1;
1002 >                            for (Node<K,V> e = f;; ++binCount) {
1003 >                                K ek;
1004 >                                if (e.hash == hash &&
1005 >                                    ((ek = e.key) == key ||
1006 >                                     (ek != null && key.equals(ek)))) {
1007 >                                    oldVal = e.val;
1008 >                                    if (!onlyIfAbsent)
1009 >                                        e.val = value;
1010 >                                    break;
1011 >                                }
1012 >                                Node<K,V> pred = e;
1013 >                                if ((e = e.next) == null) {
1014 >                                    pred.next = new Node<K,V>(hash, key,
1015 >                                                              value, null);
1016 >                                    break;
1017 >                                }
1018 >                            }
1019 >                        }
1020 >                        else if (f instanceof TreeBin) {
1021 >                            Node<K,V> p;
1022 >                            binCount = 2;
1023 >                            if ((p = ((TreeBin<K,V>)f).putTreeVal(hash, key,
1024 >                                                           value)) != null) {
1025 >                                oldVal = p.val;
1026 >                                if (!onlyIfAbsent)
1027 >                                    p.val = value;
1028 >                            }
1029 >                        }
1030 >                    }
1031 >                }
1032 >                if (binCount != 0) {
1033 >                    if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD)
1034 >                        treeifyBin(tab, i);
1035 >                    if (oldVal != null)
1036 >                        return oldVal;
1037 >                    break;
1038 >                }
1039 >            }
1040 >        }
1041 >        addCount(1L, binCount);
1042 >        return null;
1043 >    }
1044 >
1045 >    /**
1046 >     * Copies all of the mappings from the specified map to this one.
1047 >     * These mappings replace any mappings that this map had for any of the
1048 >     * keys currently in the specified map.
1049 >     *
1050 >     * @param m mappings to be stored in this map
1051 >     */
1052 >    public void putAll(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
1053 >        tryPresize(m.size());
1054 >        for (Map.Entry<? extends K, ? extends V> e : m.entrySet())
1055 >            putVal(e.getKey(), e.getValue(), false);
1056 >    }
1057 >
1058 >    /**
1059 >     * Removes the key (and its corresponding value) from this map.
1060 >     * This method does nothing if the key is not in the map.
1061 >     *
1062 >     * @param  key the key that needs to be removed
1063 >     * @return the previous value associated with {@code key}, or
1064 >     *         {@code null} if there was no mapping for {@code key}
1065 >     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified key is null
1066 >     */
1067 >    public V remove(Object key) {
1068 >        return replaceNode(key, null, null);
1069 >    }
1070 >
1071 >    /**
1072 >     * Implementation for the four public remove/replace methods:
1073 >     * Replaces node value with v, conditional upon match of cv if
1074 >     * non-null.  If resulting value is null, delete.
1075 >     */
1076 >    final V replaceNode(Object key, V value, Object cv) {
1077 >        int hash = spread(key.hashCode());
1078 >        for (Node<K,V>[] tab = table;;) {
1079 >            Node<K,V> f; int n, i, fh;
1080 >            if (tab == null || (n = tab.length) == 0 ||
1081 >                (f = tabAt(tab, i = (n - 1) & hash)) == null)
1082 >                break;
1083 >            else if ((fh = f.hash) == MOVED)
1084 >                tab = helpTransfer(tab, f);
1085 >            else {
1086 >                V oldVal = null;
1087 >                boolean validated = false;
1088 >                synchronized (f) {
1089 >                    if (tabAt(tab, i) == f) {
1090 >                        if (fh >= 0) {
1091 >                            validated = true;
1092 >                            for (Node<K,V> e = f, pred = null;;) {
1093 >                                K ek;
1094 >                                if (e.hash == hash &&
1095 >                                    ((ek = e.key) == key ||
1096 >                                     (ek != null && key.equals(ek)))) {
1097 >                                    V ev = e.val;
1098 >                                    if (cv == null || cv == ev ||
1099 >                                        (ev != null && cv.equals(ev))) {
1100 >                                        oldVal = ev;
1101 >                                        if (value != null)
1102 >                                            e.val = value;
1103 >                                        else if (pred != null)
1104 >                                            pred.next = e.next;
1105 >                                        else
1106 >                                            setTabAt(tab, i, e.next);
1107 >                                    }
1108 >                                    break;
1109 >                                }
1110 >                                pred = e;
1111 >                                if ((e = e.next) == null)
1112 >                                    break;
1113 >                            }
1114 >                        }
1115 >                        else if (f instanceof TreeBin) {
1116 >                            validated = true;
1117 >                            TreeBin<K,V> t = (TreeBin<K,V>)f;
1118 >                            TreeNode<K,V> r, p;
1119 >                            if ((r = t.root) != null &&
1120 >                                (p = r.findTreeNode(hash, key, null)) != null) {
1121 >                                V pv = p.val;
1122 >                                if (cv == null || cv == pv ||
1123 >                                    (pv != null && cv.equals(pv))) {
1124 >                                    oldVal = pv;
1125 >                                    if (value != null)
1126 >                                        p.val = value;
1127 >                                    else if (t.removeTreeNode(p))
1128 >                                        setTabAt(tab, i, untreeify(t.first));
1129 >                                }
1130 >                            }
1131 >                        }
1132 >                    }
1133 >                }
1134 >                if (validated) {
1135 >                    if (oldVal != null) {
1136 >                        if (value == null)
1137 >                            addCount(-1L, -1);
1138 >                        return oldVal;
1139 >                    }
1140 >                    break;
1141 >                }
1142 >            }
1143 >        }
1144 >        return null;
1145 >    }
1146 >
1147 >    /**
1148 >     * Removes all of the mappings from this map.
1149 >     */
1150 >    public void clear() {
1151 >        long delta = 0L; // negative number of deletions
1152 >        int i = 0;
1153 >        Node<K,V>[] tab = table;
1154 >        while (tab != null && i < tab.length) {
1155 >            int fh;
1156 >            Node<K,V> f = tabAt(tab, i);
1157 >            if (f == null)
1158 >                ++i;
1159 >            else if ((fh = f.hash) == MOVED) {
1160 >                tab = helpTransfer(tab, f);
1161 >                i = 0; // restart
1162 >            }
1163 >            else {
1164 >                synchronized (f) {
1165 >                    if (tabAt(tab, i) == f) {
1166 >                        Node<K,V> p = (fh >= 0 ? f :
1167 >                                       (f instanceof TreeBin) ?
1168 >                                       ((TreeBin<K,V>)f).first : null);
1169 >                        while (p != null) {
1170 >                            --delta;
1171 >                            p = p.next;
1172 >                        }
1173 >                        setTabAt(tab, i++, null);
1174 >                    }
1175 >                }
1176 >            }
1177 >        }
1178 >        if (delta != 0L)
1179 >            addCount(delta, -1);
1180 >    }
1181 >
1182 >    /**
1183 >     * Returns a {@link Set} view of the keys contained in this map.
1184 >     * The set is backed by the map, so changes to the map are
1185 >     * reflected in the set, and vice-versa. The set supports element
1186 >     * removal, which removes the corresponding mapping from this map,
1187 >     * via the {@code Iterator.remove}, {@code Set.remove},
1188 >     * {@code removeAll}, {@code retainAll}, and {@code clear}
1189 >     * operations.  It does not support the {@code add} or
1190 >     * {@code addAll} operations.
1191 >     *
1192 >     * <p>The view's iterators and spliterators are
1193 >     * <a href="package-summary.html#Weakly"><i>weakly consistent</i></a>.
1194 >     *
1195 >     * <p>The view's {@code spliterator} reports {@link Spliterator#CONCURRENT},
1196 >     * {@link Spliterator#DISTINCT}, and {@link Spliterator#NONNULL}.
1197 >     *
1198 >     * @return the set view
1199 >     */
1200 >    public KeySetView<K,V> keySet() {
1201 >        KeySetView<K,V> ks;
1202 >        return (ks = keySet) != null ? ks : (keySet = new KeySetView<K,V>(this, null));
1203 >    }
1204 >
1205 >    /**
1206 >     * Returns a {@link Collection} view of the values contained in this map.
1207 >     * The collection is backed by the map, so changes to the map are
1208 >     * reflected in the collection, and vice-versa.  The collection
1209 >     * supports element removal, which removes the corresponding
1210 >     * mapping from this map, via the {@code Iterator.remove},
1211 >     * {@code Collection.remove}, {@code removeAll},
1212 >     * {@code retainAll}, and {@code clear} operations.  It does not
1213 >     * support the {@code add} or {@code addAll} operations.
1214 >     *
1215 >     * <p>The view's iterators and spliterators are
1216 >     * <a href="package-summary.html#Weakly"><i>weakly consistent</i></a>.
1217 >     *
1218 >     * <p>The view's {@code spliterator} reports {@link Spliterator#CONCURRENT}
1219 >     * and {@link Spliterator#NONNULL}.
1220 >     *
1221 >     * @return the collection view
1222 >     */
1223 >    public Collection<V> values() {
1224 >        ValuesView<K,V> vs;
1225 >        return (vs = values) != null ? vs : (values = new ValuesView<K,V>(this));
1226 >    }
1227 >
1228 >    /**
1229 >     * Returns a {@link Set} view of the mappings contained in this map.
1230 >     * The set is backed by the map, so changes to the map are
1231 >     * reflected in the set, and vice-versa.  The set supports element
1232 >     * removal, which removes the corresponding mapping from the map,
1233 >     * via the {@code Iterator.remove}, {@code Set.remove},
1234 >     * {@code removeAll}, {@code retainAll}, and {@code clear}
1235 >     * operations.
1236 >     *
1237 >     * <p>The view's iterators and spliterators are
1238 >     * <a href="package-summary.html#Weakly"><i>weakly consistent</i></a>.
1239 >     *
1240 >     * <p>The view's {@code spliterator} reports {@link Spliterator#CONCURRENT},
1241 >     * {@link Spliterator#DISTINCT}, and {@link Spliterator#NONNULL}.
1242 >     *
1243 >     * @return the set view
1244 >     */
1245 >    public Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet() {
1246 >        EntrySetView<K,V> es;
1247 >        return (es = entrySet) != null ? es : (entrySet = new EntrySetView<K,V>(this));
1248 >    }
1249 >
1250 >    /**
1251 >     * Returns the hash code value for this {@link Map}, i.e.,
1252 >     * the sum of, for each key-value pair in the map,
1253 >     * {@code key.hashCode() ^ value.hashCode()}.
1254 >     *
1255 >     * @return the hash code value for this map
1256 >     */
1257 >    public int hashCode() {
1258 >        int h = 0;
1259 >        Node<K,V>[] t;
1260 >        if ((t = table) != null) {
1261 >            Traverser<K,V> it = new Traverser<K,V>(t, t.length, 0, t.length);
1262 >            for (Node<K,V> p; (p = it.advance()) != null; )
1263 >                h += p.key.hashCode() ^ p.val.hashCode();
1264 >        }
1265 >        return h;
1266 >    }
1267 >
1268 >    /**
1269 >     * Returns a string representation of this map.  The string
1270 >     * representation consists of a list of key-value mappings (in no
1271 >     * particular order) enclosed in braces ("{@code {}}").  Adjacent
1272 >     * mappings are separated by the characters {@code ", "} (comma
1273 >     * and space).  Each key-value mapping is rendered as the key
1274 >     * followed by an equals sign ("{@code =}") followed by the
1275 >     * associated value.
1276 >     *
1277 >     * @return a string representation of this map
1278 >     */
1279 >    public String toString() {
1280 >        Node<K,V>[] t;
1281 >        int f = (t = table) == null ? 0 : t.length;
1282 >        Traverser<K,V> it = new Traverser<K,V>(t, f, 0, f);
1283 >        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
1284 >        sb.append('{');
1285 >        Node<K,V> p;
1286 >        if ((p = it.advance()) != null) {
1287 >            for (;;) {
1288 >                K k = p.key;
1289 >                V v = p.val;
1290 >                sb.append(k == this ? "(this Map)" : k);
1291 >                sb.append('=');
1292 >                sb.append(v == this ? "(this Map)" : v);
1293 >                if ((p = it.advance()) == null)
1294 >                    break;
1295 >                sb.append(',').append(' ');
1296 >            }
1297 >        }
1298 >        return sb.append('}').toString();
1299 >    }
1300 >
1301 >    /**
1302 >     * Compares the specified object with this map for equality.
1303 >     * Returns {@code true} if the given object is a map with the same
1304 >     * mappings as this map.  This operation may return misleading
1305 >     * results if either map is concurrently modified during execution
1306 >     * of this method.
1307 >     *
1308 >     * @param o object to be compared for equality with this map
1309 >     * @return {@code true} if the specified object is equal to this map
1310 >     */
1311 >    public boolean equals(Object o) {
1312 >        if (o != this) {
1313 >            if (!(o instanceof Map))
1314 >                return false;
1315 >            Map<?,?> m = (Map<?,?>) o;
1316 >            Node<K,V>[] t;
1317 >            int f = (t = table) == null ? 0 : t.length;
1318 >            Traverser<K,V> it = new Traverser<K,V>(t, f, 0, f);
1319 >            for (Node<K,V> p; (p = it.advance()) != null; ) {
1320 >                V val = p.val;
1321 >                Object v = m.get(p.key);
1322 >                if (v == null || (v != val && !v.equals(val)))
1323 >                    return false;
1324 >            }
1325 >            for (Map.Entry<?,?> e : m.entrySet()) {
1326 >                Object mk, mv, v;
1327 >                if ((mk = e.getKey()) == null ||
1328 >                    (mv = e.getValue()) == null ||
1329 >                    (v = get(mk)) == null ||
1330 >                    (mv != v && !mv.equals(v)))
1331 >                    return false;
1332 >            }
1333 >        }
1334 >        return true;
1335 >    }
1336 >
1337 >    /**
1338 >     * Stripped-down version of helper class used in previous version,
1339 >     * declared for the sake of serialization compatibility
1340 >     */
1341 >    static class Segment<K,V> extends ReentrantLock implements Serializable {
1342 >        private static final long serialVersionUID = 2249069246763182397L;
1343 >        final float loadFactor;
1344 >        Segment(float lf) { this.loadFactor = lf; }
1345 >    }
1346 >
1347 >    /**
1348 >     * Saves the state of the {@code ConcurrentHashMap} instance to a
1349 >     * stream (i.e., serializes it).
1350 >     * @param s the stream
1351 >     * @throws java.io.IOException if an I/O error occurs
1352 >     * @serialData
1353 >     * the key (Object) and value (Object)
1354 >     * for each key-value mapping, followed by a null pair.
1355 >     * The key-value mappings are emitted in no particular order.
1356 >     */
1357 >    private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s)
1358 >        throws java.io.IOException {
1359 >        // For serialization compatibility
1360 >        // Emulate segment calculation from previous version of this class
1361 >        int sshift = 0;
1362 >        int ssize = 1;
1363 >        while (ssize < DEFAULT_CONCURRENCY_LEVEL) {
1364 >            ++sshift;
1365 >            ssize <<= 1;
1366 >        }
1367 >        int segmentShift = 32 - sshift;
1368 >        int segmentMask = ssize - 1;
1369 >        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
1370 >        Segment<K,V>[] segments = (Segment<K,V>[])
1371 >            new Segment<?,?>[DEFAULT_CONCURRENCY_LEVEL];
1372 >        for (int i = 0; i < segments.length; ++i)
1373 >            segments[i] = new Segment<K,V>(LOAD_FACTOR);
1374 >        s.putFields().put("segments", segments);
1375 >        s.putFields().put("segmentShift", segmentShift);
1376 >        s.putFields().put("segmentMask", segmentMask);
1377 >        s.writeFields();
1378 >
1379 >        Node<K,V>[] t;
1380 >        if ((t = table) != null) {
1381 >            Traverser<K,V> it = new Traverser<K,V>(t, t.length, 0, t.length);
1382 >            for (Node<K,V> p; (p = it.advance()) != null; ) {
1383 >                s.writeObject(p.key);
1384 >                s.writeObject(p.val);
1385 >            }
1386 >        }
1387 >        s.writeObject(null);
1388 >        s.writeObject(null);
1389 >        segments = null; // throw away
1390 >    }
1391 >
1392 >    /**
1393 >     * Reconstitutes the instance from a stream (that is, deserializes it).
1394 >     * @param s the stream
1395 >     * @throws ClassNotFoundException if the class of a serialized object
1396 >     *         could not be found
1397 >     * @throws java.io.IOException if an I/O error occurs
1398 >     */
1399 >    private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s)
1400 >        throws java.io.IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
1401          /*
1402 <         * Segments maintain a table of entry lists that are ALWAYS
1403 <         * kept in a consistent state, so can be read without locking.
1404 <         * Next fields of nodes are immutable (final).  All list
1405 <         * additions are performed at the front of each bin. This
1406 <         * makes it easy to check changes, and also fast to traverse.
169 <         * When nodes would otherwise be changed, new nodes are
170 <         * created to replace them. This works well for hash tables
171 <         * since the bin lists tend to be short. (The average length
172 <         * is less than two for the default load factor threshold.)
173 <         *
174 <         * Read operations can thus proceed without locking, but rely
175 <         * on a memory barrier to ensure that completed write
176 <         * operations performed by other threads are
177 <         * noticed. Conveniently, the "count" field, tracking the
178 <         * number of elements, can also serve as the volatile variable
179 <         * providing proper read/write barriers. This is convenient
180 <         * because this field needs to be read in many read operations
181 <         * anyway. The use of volatiles for this purpose is only
182 <         * guaranteed to work in accord with reuirements in
183 <         * multithreaded environments when run on JVMs conforming to
184 <         * the clarified JSR133 memory model specification.  This true
185 <         * for hotspot as of release 1.4.
186 <         *
187 <         * Implementors note. The basic rules for all this are:
188 <         *
189 <         *   - All unsynchronized read operations must first read the
190 <         *     "count" field, and should not look at table entries if
191 <         *     it is 0.
192 <         *    
193 <         *   - All synchronized write operations should write to
194 <         *     the "count" field after updating. The operations must not
195 <         *     take any action that could even momentarily cause
196 <         *     a concurrent read operation to see inconsistent
197 <         *     data. This is made easier by the nature of the read
198 <         *     operations in Map. For example, no operation
199 <         *     can reveal that the table has grown but the threshold
200 <         *     has not yet been updated, so there are no atomicity
201 <         *     requirements for this with respect to reads.
202 <         *
203 <         * As a guide, all critical volatile reads and writes are marked
204 <         * in code comments.
1402 >         * To improve performance in typical cases, we create nodes
1403 >         * while reading, then place in table once size is known.
1404 >         * However, we must also validate uniqueness and deal with
1405 >         * overpopulated bins while doing so, which requires
1406 >         * specialized versions of putVal mechanics.
1407           */
1408 <        
1408 >        sizeCtl = -1; // force exclusion for table construction
1409 >        s.defaultReadObject();
1410 >        long size = 0L;
1411 >        Node<K,V> p = null;
1412 >        for (;;) {
1413 >            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
1414 >            K k = (K) s.readObject();
1415 >            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
1416 >            V v = (V) s.readObject();
1417 >            if (k != null && v != null) {
1418 >                p = new Node<K,V>(spread(k.hashCode()), k, v, p);
1419 >                ++size;
1420 >            }
1421 >            else
1422 >                break;
1423 >        }
1424 >        if (size == 0L)
1425 >            sizeCtl = 0;
1426 >        else {
1427 >            int n;
1428 >            if (size >= (long)(MAXIMUM_CAPACITY >>> 1))
1429 >                n = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;
1430 >            else {
1431 >                int sz = (int)size;
1432 >                n = tableSizeFor(sz + (sz >>> 1) + 1);
1433 >            }
1434 >            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
1435 >            Node<K,V>[] tab = (Node<K,V>[])new Node<?,?>[n];
1436 >            int mask = n - 1;
1437 >            long added = 0L;
1438 >            while (p != null) {
1439 >                boolean insertAtFront;
1440 >                Node<K,V> next = p.next, first;
1441 >                int h = p.hash, j = h & mask;
1442 >                if ((first = tabAt(tab, j)) == null)
1443 >                    insertAtFront = true;
1444 >                else {
1445 >                    K k = p.key;
1446 >                    if (first.hash < 0) {
1447 >                        TreeBin<K,V> t = (TreeBin<K,V>)first;
1448 >                        if (t.putTreeVal(h, k, p.val) == null)
1449 >                            ++added;
1450 >                        insertAtFront = false;
1451 >                    }
1452 >                    else {
1453 >                        int binCount = 0;
1454 >                        insertAtFront = true;
1455 >                        Node<K,V> q; K qk;
1456 >                        for (q = first; q != null; q = q.next) {
1457 >                            if (q.hash == h &&
1458 >                                ((qk = q.key) == k ||
1459 >                                 (qk != null && k.equals(qk)))) {
1460 >                                insertAtFront = false;
1461 >                                break;
1462 >                            }
1463 >                            ++binCount;
1464 >                        }
1465 >                        if (insertAtFront && binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD) {
1466 >                            insertAtFront = false;
1467 >                            ++added;
1468 >                            p.next = first;
1469 >                            TreeNode<K,V> hd = null, tl = null;
1470 >                            for (q = p; q != null; q = q.next) {
1471 >                                TreeNode<K,V> t = new TreeNode<K,V>
1472 >                                    (q.hash, q.key, q.val, null, null);
1473 >                                if ((t.prev = tl) == null)
1474 >                                    hd = t;
1475 >                                else
1476 >                                    tl.next = t;
1477 >                                tl = t;
1478 >                            }
1479 >                            setTabAt(tab, j, new TreeBin<K,V>(hd));
1480 >                        }
1481 >                    }
1482 >                }
1483 >                if (insertAtFront) {
1484 >                    ++added;
1485 >                    p.next = first;
1486 >                    setTabAt(tab, j, p);
1487 >                }
1488 >                p = next;
1489 >            }
1490 >            table = tab;
1491 >            sizeCtl = n - (n >>> 2);
1492 >            baseCount = added;
1493 >        }
1494 >    }
1495 >
1496 >    // ConcurrentMap methods
1497 >
1498 >    /**
1499 >     * {@inheritDoc}
1500 >     *
1501 >     * @return the previous value associated with the specified key,
1502 >     *         or {@code null} if there was no mapping for the key
1503 >     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified key or value is null
1504 >     */
1505 >    public V putIfAbsent(K key, V value) {
1506 >        return putVal(key, value, true);
1507 >    }
1508 >
1509 >    /**
1510 >     * {@inheritDoc}
1511 >     *
1512 >     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified key is null
1513 >     */
1514 >    public boolean remove(Object key, Object value) {
1515 >        if (key == null)
1516 >            throw new NullPointerException();
1517 >        return value != null && replaceNode(key, null, value) != null;
1518 >    }
1519 >
1520 >    /**
1521 >     * {@inheritDoc}
1522 >     *
1523 >     * @throws NullPointerException if any of the arguments are null
1524 >     */
1525 >    public boolean replace(K key, V oldValue, V newValue) {
1526 >        if (key == null || oldValue == null || newValue == null)
1527 >            throw new NullPointerException();
1528 >        return replaceNode(key, newValue, oldValue) != null;
1529 >    }
1530 >
1531 >    /**
1532 >     * {@inheritDoc}
1533 >     *
1534 >     * @return the previous value associated with the specified key,
1535 >     *         or {@code null} if there was no mapping for the key
1536 >     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified key or value is null
1537 >     */
1538 >    public V replace(K key, V value) {
1539 >        if (key == null || value == null)
1540 >            throw new NullPointerException();
1541 >        return replaceNode(key, value, null);
1542 >    }
1543 >
1544 >    // Overrides of JDK8+ Map extension method defaults
1545 >
1546 >    /**
1547 >     * Returns the value to which the specified key is mapped, or the
1548 >     * given default value if this map contains no mapping for the
1549 >     * key.
1550 >     *
1551 >     * @param key the key whose associated value is to be returned
1552 >     * @param defaultValue the value to return if this map contains
1553 >     * no mapping for the given key
1554 >     * @return the mapping for the key, if present; else the default value
1555 >     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified key is null
1556 >     */
1557 >    public V getOrDefault(Object key, V defaultValue) {
1558 >        V v;
1559 >        return (v = get(key)) == null ? defaultValue : v;
1560 >    }
1561 >
1562 >    public void forEach(BiConsumer<? super K, ? super V> action) {
1563 >        if (action == null) throw new NullPointerException();
1564 >        Node<K,V>[] t;
1565 >        if ((t = table) != null) {
1566 >            Traverser<K,V> it = new Traverser<K,V>(t, t.length, 0, t.length);
1567 >            for (Node<K,V> p; (p = it.advance()) != null; ) {
1568 >                action.accept(p.key, p.val);
1569 >            }
1570 >        }
1571 >    }
1572 >
1573 >    public void replaceAll(BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends V> function) {
1574 >        if (function == null) throw new NullPointerException();
1575 >        Node<K,V>[] t;
1576 >        if ((t = table) != null) {
1577 >            Traverser<K,V> it = new Traverser<K,V>(t, t.length, 0, t.length);
1578 >            for (Node<K,V> p; (p = it.advance()) != null; ) {
1579 >                V oldValue = p.val;
1580 >                for (K key = p.key;;) {
1581 >                    V newValue = function.apply(key, oldValue);
1582 >                    if (newValue == null)
1583 >                        throw new NullPointerException();
1584 >                    if (replaceNode(key, newValue, oldValue) != null ||
1585 >                        (oldValue = get(key)) == null)
1586 >                        break;
1587 >                }
1588 >            }
1589 >        }
1590 >    }
1591 >
1592 >    /**
1593 >     * If the specified key is not already associated with a value,
1594 >     * attempts to compute its value using the given mapping function
1595 >     * and enters it into this map unless {@code null}.  The entire
1596 >     * method invocation is performed atomically, so the function is
1597 >     * applied at most once per key.  Some attempted update operations
1598 >     * on this map by other threads may be blocked while computation
1599 >     * is in progress, so the computation should be short and simple,
1600 >     * and must not attempt to update any other mappings of this map.
1601 >     *
1602 >     * @param key key with which the specified value is to be associated
1603 >     * @param mappingFunction the function to compute a value
1604 >     * @return the current (existing or computed) value associated with
1605 >     *         the specified key, or null if the computed value is null
1606 >     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified key or mappingFunction
1607 >     *         is null
1608 >     * @throws IllegalStateException if the computation detectably
1609 >     *         attempts a recursive update to this map that would
1610 >     *         otherwise never complete
1611 >     * @throws RuntimeException or Error if the mappingFunction does so,
1612 >     *         in which case the mapping is left unestablished
1613 >     */
1614 >    public V computeIfAbsent(K key, Function<? super K, ? extends V> mappingFunction) {
1615 >        if (key == null || mappingFunction == null)
1616 >            throw new NullPointerException();
1617 >        int h = spread(key.hashCode());
1618 >        V val = null;
1619 >        int binCount = 0;
1620 >        for (Node<K,V>[] tab = table;;) {
1621 >            Node<K,V> f; int n, i, fh;
1622 >            if (tab == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
1623 >                tab = initTable();
1624 >            else if ((f = tabAt(tab, i = (n - 1) & h)) == null) {
1625 >                Node<K,V> r = new ReservationNode<K,V>();
1626 >                synchronized (r) {
1627 >                    if (casTabAt(tab, i, null, r)) {
1628 >                        binCount = 1;
1629 >                        Node<K,V> node = null;
1630 >                        try {
1631 >                            if ((val = mappingFunction.apply(key)) != null)
1632 >                                node = new Node<K,V>(h, key, val, null);
1633 >                        } finally {
1634 >                            setTabAt(tab, i, node);
1635 >                        }
1636 >                    }
1637 >                }
1638 >                if (binCount != 0)
1639 >                    break;
1640 >            }
1641 >            else if ((fh = f.hash) == MOVED)
1642 >                tab = helpTransfer(tab, f);
1643 >            else {
1644 >                boolean added = false;
1645 >                synchronized (f) {
1646 >                    if (tabAt(tab, i) == f) {
1647 >                        if (fh >= 0) {
1648 >                            binCount = 1;
1649 >                            for (Node<K,V> e = f;; ++binCount) {
1650 >                                K ek; V ev;
1651 >                                if (e.hash == h &&
1652 >                                    ((ek = e.key) == key ||
1653 >                                     (ek != null && key.equals(ek)))) {
1654 >                                    val = e.val;
1655 >                                    break;
1656 >                                }
1657 >                                Node<K,V> pred = e;
1658 >                                if ((e = e.next) == null) {
1659 >                                    if ((val = mappingFunction.apply(key)) != null) {
1660 >                                        added = true;
1661 >                                        pred.next = new Node<K,V>(h, key, val, null);
1662 >                                    }
1663 >                                    break;
1664 >                                }
1665 >                            }
1666 >                        }
1667 >                        else if (f instanceof TreeBin) {
1668 >                            binCount = 2;
1669 >                            TreeBin<K,V> t = (TreeBin<K,V>)f;
1670 >                            TreeNode<K,V> r, p;
1671 >                            if ((r = t.root) != null &&
1672 >                                (p = r.findTreeNode(h, key, null)) != null)
1673 >                                val = p.val;
1674 >                            else if ((val = mappingFunction.apply(key)) != null) {
1675 >                                added = true;
1676 >                                t.putTreeVal(h, key, val);
1677 >                            }
1678 >                        }
1679 >                    }
1680 >                }
1681 >                if (binCount != 0) {
1682 >                    if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD)
1683 >                        treeifyBin(tab, i);
1684 >                    if (!added)
1685 >                        return val;
1686 >                    break;
1687 >                }
1688 >            }
1689 >        }
1690 >        if (val != null)
1691 >            addCount(1L, binCount);
1692 >        return val;
1693 >    }
1694 >
1695 >    /**
1696 >     * If the value for the specified key is present, attempts to
1697 >     * compute a new mapping given the key and its current mapped
1698 >     * value.  The entire method invocation is performed atomically.
1699 >     * Some attempted update operations on this map by other threads
1700 >     * may be blocked while computation is in progress, so the
1701 >     * computation should be short and simple, and must not attempt to
1702 >     * update any other mappings of this map.
1703 >     *
1704 >     * @param key key with which a value may be associated
1705 >     * @param remappingFunction the function to compute a value
1706 >     * @return the new value associated with the specified key, or null if none
1707 >     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified key or remappingFunction
1708 >     *         is null
1709 >     * @throws IllegalStateException if the computation detectably
1710 >     *         attempts a recursive update to this map that would
1711 >     *         otherwise never complete
1712 >     * @throws RuntimeException or Error if the remappingFunction does so,
1713 >     *         in which case the mapping is unchanged
1714 >     */
1715 >    public V computeIfPresent(K key, BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends V> remappingFunction) {
1716 >        if (key == null || remappingFunction == null)
1717 >            throw new NullPointerException();
1718 >        int h = spread(key.hashCode());
1719 >        V val = null;
1720 >        int delta = 0;
1721 >        int binCount = 0;
1722 >        for (Node<K,V>[] tab = table;;) {
1723 >            Node<K,V> f; int n, i, fh;
1724 >            if (tab == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
1725 >                tab = initTable();
1726 >            else if ((f = tabAt(tab, i = (n - 1) & h)) == null)
1727 >                break;
1728 >            else if ((fh = f.hash) == MOVED)
1729 >                tab = helpTransfer(tab, f);
1730 >            else {
1731 >                synchronized (f) {
1732 >                    if (tabAt(tab, i) == f) {
1733 >                        if (fh >= 0) {
1734 >                            binCount = 1;
1735 >                            for (Node<K,V> e = f, pred = null;; ++binCount) {
1736 >                                K ek;
1737 >                                if (e.hash == h &&
1738 >                                    ((ek = e.key) == key ||
1739 >                                     (ek != null && key.equals(ek)))) {
1740 >                                    val = remappingFunction.apply(key, e.val);
1741 >                                    if (val != null)
1742 >                                        e.val = val;
1743 >                                    else {
1744 >                                        delta = -1;
1745 >                                        Node<K,V> en = e.next;
1746 >                                        if (pred != null)
1747 >                                            pred.next = en;
1748 >                                        else
1749 >                                            setTabAt(tab, i, en);
1750 >                                    }
1751 >                                    break;
1752 >                                }
1753 >                                pred = e;
1754 >                                if ((e = e.next) == null)
1755 >                                    break;
1756 >                            }
1757 >                        }
1758 >                        else if (f instanceof TreeBin) {
1759 >                            binCount = 2;
1760 >                            TreeBin<K,V> t = (TreeBin<K,V>)f;
1761 >                            TreeNode<K,V> r, p;
1762 >                            if ((r = t.root) != null &&
1763 >                                (p = r.findTreeNode(h, key, null)) != null) {
1764 >                                val = remappingFunction.apply(key, p.val);
1765 >                                if (val != null)
1766 >                                    p.val = val;
1767 >                                else {
1768 >                                    delta = -1;
1769 >                                    if (t.removeTreeNode(p))
1770 >                                        setTabAt(tab, i, untreeify(t.first));
1771 >                                }
1772 >                            }
1773 >                        }
1774 >                    }
1775 >                }
1776 >                if (binCount != 0)
1777 >                    break;
1778 >            }
1779 >        }
1780 >        if (delta != 0)
1781 >            addCount((long)delta, binCount);
1782 >        return val;
1783 >    }
1784 >
1785 >    /**
1786 >     * Attempts to compute a mapping for the specified key and its
1787 >     * current mapped value (or {@code null} if there is no current
1788 >     * mapping). The entire method invocation is performed atomically.
1789 >     * Some attempted update operations on this map by other threads
1790 >     * may be blocked while computation is in progress, so the
1791 >     * computation should be short and simple, and must not attempt to
1792 >     * update any other mappings of this Map.
1793 >     *
1794 >     * @param key key with which the specified value is to be associated
1795 >     * @param remappingFunction the function to compute a value
1796 >     * @return the new value associated with the specified key, or null if none
1797 >     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified key or remappingFunction
1798 >     *         is null
1799 >     * @throws IllegalStateException if the computation detectably
1800 >     *         attempts a recursive update to this map that would
1801 >     *         otherwise never complete
1802 >     * @throws RuntimeException or Error if the remappingFunction does so,
1803 >     *         in which case the mapping is unchanged
1804 >     */
1805 >    public V compute(K key,
1806 >                     BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends V> remappingFunction) {
1807 >        if (key == null || remappingFunction == null)
1808 >            throw new NullPointerException();
1809 >        int h = spread(key.hashCode());
1810 >        V val = null;
1811 >        int delta = 0;
1812 >        int binCount = 0;
1813 >        for (Node<K,V>[] tab = table;;) {
1814 >            Node<K,V> f; int n, i, fh;
1815 >            if (tab == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
1816 >                tab = initTable();
1817 >            else if ((f = tabAt(tab, i = (n - 1) & h)) == null) {
1818 >                Node<K,V> r = new ReservationNode<K,V>();
1819 >                synchronized (r) {
1820 >                    if (casTabAt(tab, i, null, r)) {
1821 >                        binCount = 1;
1822 >                        Node<K,V> node = null;
1823 >                        try {
1824 >                            if ((val = remappingFunction.apply(key, null)) != null) {
1825 >                                delta = 1;
1826 >                                node = new Node<K,V>(h, key, val, null);
1827 >                            }
1828 >                        } finally {
1829 >                            setTabAt(tab, i, node);
1830 >                        }
1831 >                    }
1832 >                }
1833 >                if (binCount != 0)
1834 >                    break;
1835 >            }
1836 >            else if ((fh = f.hash) == MOVED)
1837 >                tab = helpTransfer(tab, f);
1838 >            else {
1839 >                synchronized (f) {
1840 >                    if (tabAt(tab, i) == f) {
1841 >                        if (fh >= 0) {
1842 >                            binCount = 1;
1843 >                            for (Node<K,V> e = f, pred = null;; ++binCount) {
1844 >                                K ek;
1845 >                                if (e.hash == h &&
1846 >                                    ((ek = e.key) == key ||
1847 >                                     (ek != null && key.equals(ek)))) {
1848 >                                    val = remappingFunction.apply(key, e.val);
1849 >                                    if (val != null)
1850 >                                        e.val = val;
1851 >                                    else {
1852 >                                        delta = -1;
1853 >                                        Node<K,V> en = e.next;
1854 >                                        if (pred != null)
1855 >                                            pred.next = en;
1856 >                                        else
1857 >                                            setTabAt(tab, i, en);
1858 >                                    }
1859 >                                    break;
1860 >                                }
1861 >                                pred = e;
1862 >                                if ((e = e.next) == null) {
1863 >                                    val = remappingFunction.apply(key, null);
1864 >                                    if (val != null) {
1865 >                                        delta = 1;
1866 >                                        pred.next =
1867 >                                            new Node<K,V>(h, key, val, null);
1868 >                                    }
1869 >                                    break;
1870 >                                }
1871 >                            }
1872 >                        }
1873 >                        else if (f instanceof TreeBin) {
1874 >                            binCount = 1;
1875 >                            TreeBin<K,V> t = (TreeBin<K,V>)f;
1876 >                            TreeNode<K,V> r, p;
1877 >                            if ((r = t.root) != null)
1878 >                                p = r.findTreeNode(h, key, null);
1879 >                            else
1880 >                                p = null;
1881 >                            V pv = (p == null) ? null : p.val;
1882 >                            val = remappingFunction.apply(key, pv);
1883 >                            if (val != null) {
1884 >                                if (p != null)
1885 >                                    p.val = val;
1886 >                                else {
1887 >                                    delta = 1;
1888 >                                    t.putTreeVal(h, key, val);
1889 >                                }
1890 >                            }
1891 >                            else if (p != null) {
1892 >                                delta = -1;
1893 >                                if (t.removeTreeNode(p))
1894 >                                    setTabAt(tab, i, untreeify(t.first));
1895 >                            }
1896 >                        }
1897 >                    }
1898 >                }
1899 >                if (binCount != 0) {
1900 >                    if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD)
1901 >                        treeifyBin(tab, i);
1902 >                    break;
1903 >                }
1904 >            }
1905 >        }
1906 >        if (delta != 0)
1907 >            addCount((long)delta, binCount);
1908 >        return val;
1909 >    }
1910 >
1911 >    /**
1912 >     * If the specified key is not already associated with a
1913 >     * (non-null) value, associates it with the given value.
1914 >     * Otherwise, replaces the value with the results of the given
1915 >     * remapping function, or removes if {@code null}. The entire
1916 >     * method invocation is performed atomically.  Some attempted
1917 >     * update operations on this map by other threads may be blocked
1918 >     * while computation is in progress, so the computation should be
1919 >     * short and simple, and must not attempt to update any other
1920 >     * mappings of this Map.
1921 >     *
1922 >     * @param key key with which the specified value is to be associated
1923 >     * @param value the value to use if absent
1924 >     * @param remappingFunction the function to recompute a value if present
1925 >     * @return the new value associated with the specified key, or null if none
1926 >     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified key or the
1927 >     *         remappingFunction is null
1928 >     * @throws RuntimeException or Error if the remappingFunction does so,
1929 >     *         in which case the mapping is unchanged
1930 >     */
1931 >    public V merge(K key, V value, BiFunction<? super V, ? super V, ? extends V> remappingFunction) {
1932 >        if (key == null || value == null || remappingFunction == null)
1933 >            throw new NullPointerException();
1934 >        int h = spread(key.hashCode());
1935 >        V val = null;
1936 >        int delta = 0;
1937 >        int binCount = 0;
1938 >        for (Node<K,V>[] tab = table;;) {
1939 >            Node<K,V> f; int n, i, fh;
1940 >            if (tab == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
1941 >                tab = initTable();
1942 >            else if ((f = tabAt(tab, i = (n - 1) & h)) == null) {
1943 >                if (casTabAt(tab, i, null, new Node<K,V>(h, key, value, null))) {
1944 >                    delta = 1;
1945 >                    val = value;
1946 >                    break;
1947 >                }
1948 >            }
1949 >            else if ((fh = f.hash) == MOVED)
1950 >                tab = helpTransfer(tab, f);
1951 >            else {
1952 >                synchronized (f) {
1953 >                    if (tabAt(tab, i) == f) {
1954 >                        if (fh >= 0) {
1955 >                            binCount = 1;
1956 >                            for (Node<K,V> e = f, pred = null;; ++binCount) {
1957 >                                K ek;
1958 >                                if (e.hash == h &&
1959 >                                    ((ek = e.key) == key ||
1960 >                                     (ek != null && key.equals(ek)))) {
1961 >                                    val = remappingFunction.apply(e.val, value);
1962 >                                    if (val != null)
1963 >                                        e.val = val;
1964 >                                    else {
1965 >                                        delta = -1;
1966 >                                        Node<K,V> en = e.next;
1967 >                                        if (pred != null)
1968 >                                            pred.next = en;
1969 >                                        else
1970 >                                            setTabAt(tab, i, en);
1971 >                                    }
1972 >                                    break;
1973 >                                }
1974 >                                pred = e;
1975 >                                if ((e = e.next) == null) {
1976 >                                    delta = 1;
1977 >                                    val = value;
1978 >                                    pred.next =
1979 >                                        new Node<K,V>(h, key, val, null);
1980 >                                    break;
1981 >                                }
1982 >                            }
1983 >                        }
1984 >                        else if (f instanceof TreeBin) {
1985 >                            binCount = 2;
1986 >                            TreeBin<K,V> t = (TreeBin<K,V>)f;
1987 >                            TreeNode<K,V> r = t.root;
1988 >                            TreeNode<K,V> p = (r == null) ? null :
1989 >                                r.findTreeNode(h, key, null);
1990 >                            val = (p == null) ? value :
1991 >                                remappingFunction.apply(p.val, value);
1992 >                            if (val != null) {
1993 >                                if (p != null)
1994 >                                    p.val = val;
1995 >                                else {
1996 >                                    delta = 1;
1997 >                                    t.putTreeVal(h, key, val);
1998 >                                }
1999 >                            }
2000 >                            else if (p != null) {
2001 >                                delta = -1;
2002 >                                if (t.removeTreeNode(p))
2003 >                                    setTabAt(tab, i, untreeify(t.first));
2004 >                            }
2005 >                        }
2006 >                    }
2007 >                }
2008 >                if (binCount != 0) {
2009 >                    if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD)
2010 >                        treeifyBin(tab, i);
2011 >                    break;
2012 >                }
2013 >            }
2014 >        }
2015 >        if (delta != 0)
2016 >            addCount((long)delta, binCount);
2017 >        return val;
2018 >    }
2019 >
2020 >    // Hashtable legacy methods
2021 >
2022 >    /**
2023 >     * Legacy method testing if some key maps into the specified value
2024 >     * in this table.
2025 >     *
2026 >     * @deprecated This method is identical in functionality to
2027 >     * {@link #containsValue(Object)}, and exists solely to ensure
2028 >     * full compatibility with class {@link java.util.Hashtable},
2029 >     * which supported this method prior to introduction of the
2030 >     * Java Collections framework.
2031 >     *
2032 >     * @param  value a value to search for
2033 >     * @return {@code true} if and only if some key maps to the
2034 >     *         {@code value} argument in this table as
2035 >     *         determined by the {@code equals} method;
2036 >     *         {@code false} otherwise
2037 >     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified value is null
2038 >     */
2039 >    @Deprecated
2040 >    public boolean contains(Object value) {
2041 >        return containsValue(value);
2042 >    }
2043 >
2044 >    /**
2045 >     * Returns an enumeration of the keys in this table.
2046 >     *
2047 >     * @return an enumeration of the keys in this table
2048 >     * @see #keySet()
2049 >     */
2050 >    public Enumeration<K> keys() {
2051 >        Node<K,V>[] t;
2052 >        int f = (t = table) == null ? 0 : t.length;
2053 >        return new KeyIterator<K,V>(t, f, 0, f, this);
2054 >    }
2055 >
2056 >    /**
2057 >     * Returns an enumeration of the values in this table.
2058 >     *
2059 >     * @return an enumeration of the values in this table
2060 >     * @see #values()
2061 >     */
2062 >    public Enumeration<V> elements() {
2063 >        Node<K,V>[] t;
2064 >        int f = (t = table) == null ? 0 : t.length;
2065 >        return new ValueIterator<K,V>(t, f, 0, f, this);
2066 >    }
2067 >
2068 >    // ConcurrentHashMap-only methods
2069 >
2070 >    /**
2071 >     * Returns the number of mappings. This method should be used
2072 >     * instead of {@link #size} because a ConcurrentHashMap may
2073 >     * contain more mappings than can be represented as an int. The
2074 >     * value returned is an estimate; the actual count may differ if
2075 >     * there are concurrent insertions or removals.
2076 >     *
2077 >     * @return the number of mappings
2078 >     * @since 1.8
2079 >     */
2080 >    public long mappingCount() {
2081 >        long n = sumCount();
2082 >        return (n < 0L) ? 0L : n; // ignore transient negative values
2083 >    }
2084 >
2085 >    /**
2086 >     * Creates a new {@link Set} backed by a ConcurrentHashMap
2087 >     * from the given type to {@code Boolean.TRUE}.
2088 >     *
2089 >     * @param <K> the element type of the returned set
2090 >     * @return the new set
2091 >     * @since 1.8
2092 >     */
2093 >    public static <K> KeySetView<K,Boolean> newKeySet() {
2094 >        return new KeySetView<K,Boolean>
2095 >            (new ConcurrentHashMap<K,Boolean>(), Boolean.TRUE);
2096 >    }
2097 >
2098 >    /**
2099 >     * Creates a new {@link Set} backed by a ConcurrentHashMap
2100 >     * from the given type to {@code Boolean.TRUE}.
2101 >     *
2102 >     * @param initialCapacity The implementation performs internal
2103 >     * sizing to accommodate this many elements.
2104 >     * @param <K> the element type of the returned set
2105 >     * @return the new set
2106 >     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the initial capacity of
2107 >     * elements is negative
2108 >     * @since 1.8
2109 >     */
2110 >    public static <K> KeySetView<K,Boolean> newKeySet(int initialCapacity) {
2111 >        return new KeySetView<K,Boolean>
2112 >            (new ConcurrentHashMap<K,Boolean>(initialCapacity), Boolean.TRUE);
2113 >    }
2114 >
2115 >    /**
2116 >     * Returns a {@link Set} view of the keys in this map, using the
2117 >     * given common mapped value for any additions (i.e., {@link
2118 >     * Collection#add} and {@link Collection#addAll(Collection)}).
2119 >     * This is of course only appropriate if it is acceptable to use
2120 >     * the same value for all additions from this view.
2121 >     *
2122 >     * @param mappedValue the mapped value to use for any additions
2123 >     * @return the set view
2124 >     * @throws NullPointerException if the mappedValue is null
2125 >     */
2126 >    public KeySetView<K,V> keySet(V mappedValue) {
2127 >        if (mappedValue == null)
2128 >            throw new NullPointerException();
2129 >        return new KeySetView<K,V>(this, mappedValue);
2130 >    }
2131 >
2132 >    /* ---------------- Special Nodes -------------- */
2133 >
2134 >    /**
2135 >     * A node inserted at head of bins during transfer operations.
2136 >     */
2137 >    static final class ForwardingNode<K,V> extends Node<K,V> {
2138 >        final Node<K,V>[] nextTable;
2139 >        ForwardingNode(Node<K,V>[] tab) {
2140 >            super(MOVED, null, null, null);
2141 >            this.nextTable = tab;
2142 >        }
2143 >
2144 >        Node<K,V> find(int h, Object k) {
2145 >            // loop to avoid arbitrarily deep recursion on forwarding nodes
2146 >            outer: for (Node<K,V>[] tab = nextTable;;) {
2147 >                Node<K,V> e; int n;
2148 >                if (k == null || tab == null || (n = tab.length) == 0 ||
2149 >                    (e = tabAt(tab, (n - 1) & h)) == null)
2150 >                    return null;
2151 >                for (;;) {
2152 >                    int eh; K ek;
2153 >                    if ((eh = e.hash) == h &&
2154 >                        ((ek = e.key) == k || (ek != null && k.equals(ek))))
2155 >                        return e;
2156 >                    if (eh < 0) {
2157 >                        if (e instanceof ForwardingNode) {
2158 >                            tab = ((ForwardingNode<K,V>)e).nextTable;
2159 >                            continue outer;
2160 >                        }
2161 >                        else
2162 >                            return e.find(h, k);
2163 >                    }
2164 >                    if ((e = e.next) == null)
2165 >                        return null;
2166 >                }
2167 >            }
2168 >        }
2169 >    }
2170 >
2171 >    /**
2172 >     * A place-holder node used in computeIfAbsent and compute
2173 >     */
2174 >    static final class ReservationNode<K,V> extends Node<K,V> {
2175 >        ReservationNode() {
2176 >            super(RESERVED, null, null, null);
2177 >        }
2178 >
2179 >        Node<K,V> find(int h, Object k) {
2180 >            return null;
2181 >        }
2182 >    }
2183 >
2184 >    /* ---------------- Table Initialization and Resizing -------------- */
2185 >
2186 >    /**
2187 >     * Returns the stamp bits for resizing a table of size n.
2188 >     * Must be negative when shifted left by RESIZE_STAMP_SHIFT.
2189 >     */
2190 >    static final int resizeStamp(int n) {
2191 >        return Integer.numberOfLeadingZeros(n) | (1 << (RESIZE_STAMP_BITS - 1));
2192 >    }
2193 >
2194 >    /**
2195 >     * Initializes table, using the size recorded in sizeCtl.
2196 >     */
2197 >    private final Node<K,V>[] initTable() {
2198 >        Node<K,V>[] tab; int sc;
2199 >        while ((tab = table) == null || tab.length == 0) {
2200 >            if ((sc = sizeCtl) < 0)
2201 >                Thread.yield(); // lost initialization race; just spin
2202 >            else if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc, -1)) {
2203 >                try {
2204 >                    if ((tab = table) == null || tab.length == 0) {
2205 >                        int n = (sc > 0) ? sc : DEFAULT_CAPACITY;
2206 >                        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
2207 >                        Node<K,V>[] nt = (Node<K,V>[])new Node<?,?>[n];
2208 >                        table = tab = nt;
2209 >                        sc = n - (n >>> 2);
2210 >                    }
2211 >                } finally {
2212 >                    sizeCtl = sc;
2213 >                }
2214 >                break;
2215 >            }
2216 >        }
2217 >        return tab;
2218 >    }
2219 >
2220 >    /**
2221 >     * Adds to count, and if table is too small and not already
2222 >     * resizing, initiates transfer. If already resizing, helps
2223 >     * perform transfer if work is available.  Rechecks occupancy
2224 >     * after a transfer to see if another resize is already needed
2225 >     * because resizings are lagging additions.
2226 >     *
2227 >     * @param x the count to add
2228 >     * @param check if <0, don't check resize, if <= 1 only check if uncontended
2229 >     */
2230 >    private final void addCount(long x, int check) {
2231 >        CounterCell[] as; long b, s;
2232 >        if ((as = counterCells) != null ||
2233 >            !U.compareAndSwapLong(this, BASECOUNT, b = baseCount, s = b + x)) {
2234 >            CounterCell a; long v; int m;
2235 >            boolean uncontended = true;
2236 >            if (as == null || (m = as.length - 1) < 0 ||
2237 >                (a = as[ThreadLocalRandom.getProbe() & m]) == null ||
2238 >                !(uncontended =
2239 >                  U.compareAndSwapLong(a, CELLVALUE, v = a.value, v + x))) {
2240 >                fullAddCount(x, uncontended);
2241 >                return;
2242 >            }
2243 >            if (check <= 1)
2244 >                return;
2245 >            s = sumCount();
2246 >        }
2247 >        if (check >= 0) {
2248 >            Node<K,V>[] tab, nt; int n, sc;
2249 >            while (s >= (long)(sc = sizeCtl) && (tab = table) != null &&
2250 >                   (n = tab.length) < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) {
2251 >                int rs = resizeStamp(n);
2252 >                if (sc < 0) {
2253 >                    if ((sc >>> RESIZE_STAMP_SHIFT) != rs || sc == rs + 1 ||
2254 >                        sc == rs + MAX_RESIZERS || (nt = nextTable) == null ||
2255 >                        transferIndex <= 0)
2256 >                        break;
2257 >                    if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc, sc + 1))
2258 >                        transfer(tab, nt);
2259 >                }
2260 >                else if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc,
2261 >                                             (rs << RESIZE_STAMP_SHIFT) + 2))
2262 >                    transfer(tab, null);
2263 >                s = sumCount();
2264 >            }
2265 >        }
2266 >    }
2267 >
2268 >    /**
2269 >     * Helps transfer if a resize is in progress.
2270 >     */
2271 >    final Node<K,V>[] helpTransfer(Node<K,V>[] tab, Node<K,V> f) {
2272 >        Node<K,V>[] nextTab; int sc;
2273 >        if (tab != null && (f instanceof ForwardingNode) &&
2274 >            (nextTab = ((ForwardingNode<K,V>)f).nextTable) != null) {
2275 >            int rs = resizeStamp(tab.length);
2276 >            while (nextTab == nextTable && table == tab &&
2277 >                   (sc = sizeCtl) < 0) {
2278 >                if ((sc >>> RESIZE_STAMP_SHIFT) != rs || sc == rs + 1 ||
2279 >                    sc == rs + MAX_RESIZERS || transferIndex <= 0)
2280 >                    break;
2281 >                if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc, sc + 1)) {
2282 >                    transfer(tab, nextTab);
2283 >                    break;
2284 >                }
2285 >            }
2286 >            return nextTab;
2287 >        }
2288 >        return table;
2289 >    }
2290 >
2291 >    /**
2292 >     * Tries to presize table to accommodate the given number of elements.
2293 >     *
2294 >     * @param size number of elements (doesn't need to be perfectly accurate)
2295 >     */
2296 >    private final void tryPresize(int size) {
2297 >        int c = (size >= (MAXIMUM_CAPACITY >>> 1)) ? MAXIMUM_CAPACITY :
2298 >            tableSizeFor(size + (size >>> 1) + 1);
2299 >        int sc;
2300 >        while ((sc = sizeCtl) >= 0) {
2301 >            Node<K,V>[] tab = table; int n;
2302 >            if (tab == null || (n = tab.length) == 0) {
2303 >                n = (sc > c) ? sc : c;
2304 >                if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc, -1)) {
2305 >                    try {
2306 >                        if (table == tab) {
2307 >                            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
2308 >                            Node<K,V>[] nt = (Node<K,V>[])new Node<?,?>[n];
2309 >                            table = nt;
2310 >                            sc = n - (n >>> 2);
2311 >                        }
2312 >                    } finally {
2313 >                        sizeCtl = sc;
2314 >                    }
2315 >                }
2316 >            }
2317 >            else if (c <= sc || n >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)
2318 >                break;
2319 >            else if (tab == table) {
2320 >                int rs = resizeStamp(n);
2321 >                if (sc < 0) {
2322 >                    Node<K,V>[] nt;
2323 >                    if ((sc >>> RESIZE_STAMP_SHIFT) != rs || sc == rs + 1 ||
2324 >                        sc == rs + MAX_RESIZERS || (nt = nextTable) == null ||
2325 >                        transferIndex <= 0)
2326 >                        break;
2327 >                    if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc, sc + 1))
2328 >                        transfer(tab, nt);
2329 >                }
2330 >                else if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc,
2331 >                                             (rs << RESIZE_STAMP_SHIFT) + 2))
2332 >                    transfer(tab, null);
2333 >            }
2334 >        }
2335 >    }
2336 >
2337 >    /**
2338 >     * Moves and/or copies the nodes in each bin to new table. See
2339 >     * above for explanation.
2340 >     */
2341 >    private final void transfer(Node<K,V>[] tab, Node<K,V>[] nextTab) {
2342 >        int n = tab.length, stride;
2343 >        if ((stride = (NCPU > 1) ? (n >>> 3) / NCPU : n) < MIN_TRANSFER_STRIDE)
2344 >            stride = MIN_TRANSFER_STRIDE; // subdivide range
2345 >        if (nextTab == null) {            // initiating
2346 >            try {
2347 >                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
2348 >                Node<K,V>[] nt = (Node<K,V>[])new Node<?,?>[n << 1];
2349 >                nextTab = nt;
2350 >            } catch (Throwable ex) {      // try to cope with OOME
2351 >                sizeCtl = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
2352 >                return;
2353 >            }
2354 >            nextTable = nextTab;
2355 >            transferIndex = n;
2356 >        }
2357 >        int nextn = nextTab.length;
2358 >        ForwardingNode<K,V> fwd = new ForwardingNode<K,V>(nextTab);
2359 >        boolean advance = true;
2360 >        boolean finishing = false; // to ensure sweep before committing nextTab
2361 >        for (int i = 0, bound = 0;;) {
2362 >            Node<K,V> f; int fh;
2363 >            while (advance) {
2364 >                int nextIndex, nextBound;
2365 >                if (--i >= bound || finishing)
2366 >                    advance = false;
2367 >                else if ((nextIndex = transferIndex) <= 0) {
2368 >                    i = -1;
2369 >                    advance = false;
2370 >                }
2371 >                else if (U.compareAndSwapInt
2372 >                         (this, TRANSFERINDEX, nextIndex,
2373 >                          nextBound = (nextIndex > stride ?
2374 >                                       nextIndex - stride : 0))) {
2375 >                    bound = nextBound;
2376 >                    i = nextIndex - 1;
2377 >                    advance = false;
2378 >                }
2379 >            }
2380 >            if (i < 0 || i >= n || i + n >= nextn) {
2381 >                int sc;
2382 >                if (finishing) {
2383 >                    nextTable = null;
2384 >                    table = nextTab;
2385 >                    sizeCtl = (n << 1) - (n >>> 1);
2386 >                    return;
2387 >                }
2388 >                if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc = sizeCtl, sc - 1)) {
2389 >                    if ((sc - 2) != resizeStamp(n) << RESIZE_STAMP_SHIFT)
2390 >                        return;
2391 >                    finishing = advance = true;
2392 >                    i = n; // recheck before commit
2393 >                }
2394 >            }
2395 >            else if ((f = tabAt(tab, i)) == null)
2396 >                advance = casTabAt(tab, i, null, fwd);
2397 >            else if ((fh = f.hash) == MOVED)
2398 >                advance = true; // already processed
2399 >            else {
2400 >                synchronized (f) {
2401 >                    if (tabAt(tab, i) == f) {
2402 >                        Node<K,V> ln, hn;
2403 >                        if (fh >= 0) {
2404 >                            int runBit = fh & n;
2405 >                            Node<K,V> lastRun = f;
2406 >                            for (Node<K,V> p = f.next; p != null; p = p.next) {
2407 >                                int b = p.hash & n;
2408 >                                if (b != runBit) {
2409 >                                    runBit = b;
2410 >                                    lastRun = p;
2411 >                                }
2412 >                            }
2413 >                            if (runBit == 0) {
2414 >                                ln = lastRun;
2415 >                                hn = null;
2416 >                            }
2417 >                            else {
2418 >                                hn = lastRun;
2419 >                                ln = null;
2420 >                            }
2421 >                            for (Node<K,V> p = f; p != lastRun; p = p.next) {
2422 >                                int ph = p.hash; K pk = p.key; V pv = p.val;
2423 >                                if ((ph & n) == 0)
2424 >                                    ln = new Node<K,V>(ph, pk, pv, ln);
2425 >                                else
2426 >                                    hn = new Node<K,V>(ph, pk, pv, hn);
2427 >                            }
2428 >                            setTabAt(nextTab, i, ln);
2429 >                            setTabAt(nextTab, i + n, hn);
2430 >                            setTabAt(tab, i, fwd);
2431 >                            advance = true;
2432 >                        }
2433 >                        else if (f instanceof TreeBin) {
2434 >                            TreeBin<K,V> t = (TreeBin<K,V>)f;
2435 >                            TreeNode<K,V> lo = null, loTail = null;
2436 >                            TreeNode<K,V> hi = null, hiTail = null;
2437 >                            int lc = 0, hc = 0;
2438 >                            for (Node<K,V> e = t.first; e != null; e = e.next) {
2439 >                                int h = e.hash;
2440 >                                TreeNode<K,V> p = new TreeNode<K,V>
2441 >                                    (h, e.key, e.val, null, null);
2442 >                                if ((h & n) == 0) {
2443 >                                    if ((p.prev = loTail) == null)
2444 >                                        lo = p;
2445 >                                    else
2446 >                                        loTail.next = p;
2447 >                                    loTail = p;
2448 >                                    ++lc;
2449 >                                }
2450 >                                else {
2451 >                                    if ((p.prev = hiTail) == null)
2452 >                                        hi = p;
2453 >                                    else
2454 >                                        hiTail.next = p;
2455 >                                    hiTail = p;
2456 >                                    ++hc;
2457 >                                }
2458 >                            }
2459 >                            ln = (lc <= UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD) ? untreeify(lo) :
2460 >                                (hc != 0) ? new TreeBin<K,V>(lo) : t;
2461 >                            hn = (hc <= UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD) ? untreeify(hi) :
2462 >                                (lc != 0) ? new TreeBin<K,V>(hi) : t;
2463 >                            setTabAt(nextTab, i, ln);
2464 >                            setTabAt(nextTab, i + n, hn);
2465 >                            setTabAt(tab, i, fwd);
2466 >                            advance = true;
2467 >                        }
2468 >                    }
2469 >                }
2470 >            }
2471 >        }
2472 >    }
2473 >
2474 >    /* ---------------- Counter support -------------- */
2475 >
2476 >    /**
2477 >     * A padded cell for distributing counts.  Adapted from LongAdder
2478 >     * and Striped64.  See their internal docs for explanation.
2479 >     */
2480 >    @sun.misc.Contended static final class CounterCell {
2481 >        volatile long value;
2482 >        CounterCell(long x) { value = x; }
2483 >    }
2484 >
2485 >    final long sumCount() {
2486 >        CounterCell[] as = counterCells; CounterCell a;
2487 >        long sum = baseCount;
2488 >        if (as != null) {
2489 >            for (int i = 0; i < as.length; ++i) {
2490 >                if ((a = as[i]) != null)
2491 >                    sum += a.value;
2492 >            }
2493 >        }
2494 >        return sum;
2495 >    }
2496 >
2497 >    // See LongAdder version for explanation
2498 >    private final void fullAddCount(long x, boolean wasUncontended) {
2499 >        int h;
2500 >        if ((h = ThreadLocalRandom.getProbe()) == 0) {
2501 >            ThreadLocalRandom.localInit();      // force initialization
2502 >            h = ThreadLocalRandom.getProbe();
2503 >            wasUncontended = true;
2504 >        }
2505 >        boolean collide = false;                // True if last slot nonempty
2506 >        for (;;) {
2507 >            CounterCell[] as; CounterCell a; int n; long v;
2508 >            if ((as = counterCells) != null && (n = as.length) > 0) {
2509 >                if ((a = as[(n - 1) & h]) == null) {
2510 >                    if (cellsBusy == 0) {            // Try to attach new Cell
2511 >                        CounterCell r = new CounterCell(x); // Optimistic create
2512 >                        if (cellsBusy == 0 &&
2513 >                            U.compareAndSwapInt(this, CELLSBUSY, 0, 1)) {
2514 >                            boolean created = false;
2515 >                            try {               // Recheck under lock
2516 >                                CounterCell[] rs; int m, j;
2517 >                                if ((rs = counterCells) != null &&
2518 >                                    (m = rs.length) > 0 &&
2519 >                                    rs[j = (m - 1) & h] == null) {
2520 >                                    rs[j] = r;
2521 >                                    created = true;
2522 >                                }
2523 >                            } finally {
2524 >                                cellsBusy = 0;
2525 >                            }
2526 >                            if (created)
2527 >                                break;
2528 >                            continue;           // Slot is now non-empty
2529 >                        }
2530 >                    }
2531 >                    collide = false;
2532 >                }
2533 >                else if (!wasUncontended)       // CAS already known to fail
2534 >                    wasUncontended = true;      // Continue after rehash
2535 >                else if (U.compareAndSwapLong(a, CELLVALUE, v = a.value, v + x))
2536 >                    break;
2537 >                else if (counterCells != as || n >= NCPU)
2538 >                    collide = false;            // At max size or stale
2539 >                else if (!collide)
2540 >                    collide = true;
2541 >                else if (cellsBusy == 0 &&
2542 >                         U.compareAndSwapInt(this, CELLSBUSY, 0, 1)) {
2543 >                    try {
2544 >                        if (counterCells == as) {// Expand table unless stale
2545 >                            CounterCell[] rs = new CounterCell[n << 1];
2546 >                            for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
2547 >                                rs[i] = as[i];
2548 >                            counterCells = rs;
2549 >                        }
2550 >                    } finally {
2551 >                        cellsBusy = 0;
2552 >                    }
2553 >                    collide = false;
2554 >                    continue;                   // Retry with expanded table
2555 >                }
2556 >                h = ThreadLocalRandom.advanceProbe(h);
2557 >            }
2558 >            else if (cellsBusy == 0 && counterCells == as &&
2559 >                     U.compareAndSwapInt(this, CELLSBUSY, 0, 1)) {
2560 >                boolean init = false;
2561 >                try {                           // Initialize table
2562 >                    if (counterCells == as) {
2563 >                        CounterCell[] rs = new CounterCell[2];
2564 >                        rs[h & 1] = new CounterCell(x);
2565 >                        counterCells = rs;
2566 >                        init = true;
2567 >                    }
2568 >                } finally {
2569 >                    cellsBusy = 0;
2570 >                }
2571 >                if (init)
2572 >                    break;
2573 >            }
2574 >            else if (U.compareAndSwapLong(this, BASECOUNT, v = baseCount, v + x))
2575 >                break;                          // Fall back on using base
2576 >        }
2577 >    }
2578 >
2579 >    /* ---------------- Conversion from/to TreeBins -------------- */
2580 >
2581 >    /**
2582 >     * Replaces all linked nodes in bin at given index unless table is
2583 >     * too small, in which case resizes instead.
2584 >     */
2585 >    private final void treeifyBin(Node<K,V>[] tab, int index) {
2586 >        Node<K,V> b; int n, sc;
2587 >        if (tab != null) {
2588 >            if ((n = tab.length) < MIN_TREEIFY_CAPACITY)
2589 >                tryPresize(n << 1);
2590 >            else if ((b = tabAt(tab, index)) != null && b.hash >= 0) {
2591 >                synchronized (b) {
2592 >                    if (tabAt(tab, index) == b) {
2593 >                        TreeNode<K,V> hd = null, tl = null;
2594 >                        for (Node<K,V> e = b; e != null; e = e.next) {
2595 >                            TreeNode<K,V> p =
2596 >                                new TreeNode<K,V>(e.hash, e.key, e.val,
2597 >                                                  null, null);
2598 >                            if ((p.prev = tl) == null)
2599 >                                hd = p;
2600 >                            else
2601 >                                tl.next = p;
2602 >                            tl = p;
2603 >                        }
2604 >                        setTabAt(tab, index, new TreeBin<K,V>(hd));
2605 >                    }
2606 >                }
2607 >            }
2608 >        }
2609 >    }
2610 >
2611 >    /**
2612 >     * Returns a list on non-TreeNodes replacing those in given list.
2613 >     */
2614 >    static <K,V> Node<K,V> untreeify(Node<K,V> b) {
2615 >        Node<K,V> hd = null, tl = null;
2616 >        for (Node<K,V> q = b; q != null; q = q.next) {
2617 >            Node<K,V> p = new Node<K,V>(q.hash, q.key, q.val, null);
2618 >            if (tl == null)
2619 >                hd = p;
2620 >            else
2621 >                tl.next = p;
2622 >            tl = p;
2623 >        }
2624 >        return hd;
2625 >    }
2626 >
2627 >    /* ---------------- TreeNodes -------------- */
2628 >
2629 >    /**
2630 >     * Nodes for use in TreeBins
2631 >     */
2632 >    static final class TreeNode<K,V> extends Node<K,V> {
2633 >        TreeNode<K,V> parent;  // red-black tree links
2634 >        TreeNode<K,V> left;
2635 >        TreeNode<K,V> right;
2636 >        TreeNode<K,V> prev;    // needed to unlink next upon deletion
2637 >        boolean red;
2638 >
2639 >        TreeNode(int hash, K key, V val, Node<K,V> next,
2640 >                 TreeNode<K,V> parent) {
2641 >            super(hash, key, val, next);
2642 >            this.parent = parent;
2643 >        }
2644 >
2645 >        Node<K,V> find(int h, Object k) {
2646 >            return findTreeNode(h, k, null);
2647 >        }
2648 >
2649          /**
2650 <         * The number of elements in this segment's region.
2651 <         **/
2652 <        transient volatile int count;
2650 >         * Returns the TreeNode (or null if not found) for the given key
2651 >         * starting at given root.
2652 >         */
2653 >        final TreeNode<K,V> findTreeNode(int h, Object k, Class<?> kc) {
2654 >            if (k != null) {
2655 >                TreeNode<K,V> p = this;
2656 >                do {
2657 >                    int ph, dir; K pk; TreeNode<K,V> q;
2658 >                    TreeNode<K,V> pl = p.left, pr = p.right;
2659 >                    if ((ph = p.hash) > h)
2660 >                        p = pl;
2661 >                    else if (ph < h)
2662 >                        p = pr;
2663 >                    else if ((pk = p.key) == k || (pk != null && k.equals(pk)))
2664 >                        return p;
2665 >                    else if (pl == null)
2666 >                        p = pr;
2667 >                    else if (pr == null)
2668 >                        p = pl;
2669 >                    else if ((kc != null ||
2670 >                              (kc = comparableClassFor(k)) != null) &&
2671 >                             (dir = compareComparables(kc, k, pk)) != 0)
2672 >                        p = (dir < 0) ? pl : pr;
2673 >                    else if ((q = pr.findTreeNode(h, k, kc)) != null)
2674 >                        return q;
2675 >                    else
2676 >                        p = pl;
2677 >                } while (p != null);
2678 >            }
2679 >            return null;
2680 >        }
2681 >    }
2682 >
2683 >    /* ---------------- TreeBins -------------- */
2684 >
2685 >    /**
2686 >     * TreeNodes used at the heads of bins. TreeBins do not hold user
2687 >     * keys or values, but instead point to list of TreeNodes and
2688 >     * their root. They also maintain a parasitic read-write lock
2689 >     * forcing writers (who hold bin lock) to wait for readers (who do
2690 >     * not) to complete before tree restructuring operations.
2691 >     */
2692 >    static final class TreeBin<K,V> extends Node<K,V> {
2693 >        TreeNode<K,V> root;
2694 >        volatile TreeNode<K,V> first;
2695 >        volatile Thread waiter;
2696 >        volatile int lockState;
2697 >        // values for lockState
2698 >        static final int WRITER = 1; // set while holding write lock
2699 >        static final int WAITER = 2; // set when waiting for write lock
2700 >        static final int READER = 4; // increment value for setting read lock
2701  
2702          /**
2703 <         * The table is rehashed when its size exceeds this threshold.
2704 <         * (The value of this field is always (int)(capacity *
2705 <         * loadFactor).)
2703 >         * Tie-breaking utility for ordering insertions when equal
2704 >         * hashCodes and non-comparable. We don't require a total
2705 >         * order, just a consistent insertion rule to maintain
2706 >         * equivalence across rebalancings. Tie-breaking further than
2707 >         * necessary simplifies testing a bit.
2708           */
2709 <        transient private int threshold;
2709 >        static int tieBreakOrder(Object a, Object b) {
2710 >            int d;
2711 >            if (a == null || b == null ||
2712 >                (d = a.getClass().getName().
2713 >                 compareTo(b.getClass().getName())) == 0)
2714 >                d = (System.identityHashCode(a) <= System.identityHashCode(b) ?
2715 >                     -1 : 1);
2716 >            return d;
2717 >        }
2718  
2719          /**
2720 <         * The per-segment table
2720 >         * Creates bin with initial set of nodes headed by b.
2721           */
2722 <        transient HashEntry<K,V>[] table;
2722 >        TreeBin(TreeNode<K,V> b) {
2723 >            super(TREEBIN, null, null, null);
2724 >            this.first = b;
2725 >            TreeNode<K,V> r = null;
2726 >            for (TreeNode<K,V> x = b, next; x != null; x = next) {
2727 >                next = (TreeNode<K,V>)x.next;
2728 >                x.left = x.right = null;
2729 >                if (r == null) {
2730 >                    x.parent = null;
2731 >                    x.red = false;
2732 >                    r = x;
2733 >                }
2734 >                else {
2735 >                    K k = x.key;
2736 >                    int h = x.hash;
2737 >                    Class<?> kc = null;
2738 >                    for (TreeNode<K,V> p = r;;) {
2739 >                        int dir, ph;
2740 >                        K pk = p.key;
2741 >                        if ((ph = p.hash) > h)
2742 >                            dir = -1;
2743 >                        else if (ph < h)
2744 >                            dir = 1;
2745 >                        else if ((kc == null &&
2746 >                                  (kc = comparableClassFor(k)) == null) ||
2747 >                                 (dir = compareComparables(kc, k, pk)) == 0)
2748 >                            dir = tieBreakOrder(k, pk);
2749 >                            TreeNode<K,V> xp = p;
2750 >                        if ((p = (dir <= 0) ? p.left : p.right) == null) {
2751 >                            x.parent = xp;
2752 >                            if (dir <= 0)
2753 >                                xp.left = x;
2754 >                            else
2755 >                                xp.right = x;
2756 >                            r = balanceInsertion(r, x);
2757 >                            break;
2758 >                        }
2759 >                    }
2760 >                }
2761 >            }
2762 >            this.root = r;
2763 >            assert checkInvariants(root);
2764 >        }
2765  
2766          /**
2767 <         * The load factor for the hash table.  Even though this value
226 <         * is same for all segments, it is replicated to avoid needing
227 <         * links to outer object.
228 <         * @serial
2767 >         * Acquires write lock for tree restructuring.
2768           */
2769 <        private final float loadFactor;
2769 >        private final void lockRoot() {
2770 >            if (!U.compareAndSwapInt(this, LOCKSTATE, 0, WRITER))
2771 >                contendedLock(); // offload to separate method
2772 >        }
2773  
2774 <        Segment(int initialCapacity, float lf) {
2775 <            loadFactor = lf;
2776 <            setTable(new HashEntry<K,V>[initialCapacity]);
2774 >        /**
2775 >         * Releases write lock for tree restructuring.
2776 >         */
2777 >        private final void unlockRoot() {
2778 >            lockState = 0;
2779          }
2780  
2781          /**
2782 <         * Set table to new HashEntry array.
2783 <         * Call only while holding lock or in constructor.
2784 <         **/
2785 <        private void setTable(HashEntry<K,V>[] newTable) {
2786 <            table = newTable;
2787 <            threshold = (int)(newTable.length * loadFactor);
2788 <            count = count; // write-volatile
2789 <        }    
2782 >         * Possibly blocks awaiting root lock.
2783 >         */
2784 >        private final void contendedLock() {
2785 >            boolean waiting = false;
2786 >            for (int s;;) {
2787 >                if (((s = lockState) & ~WAITER) == 0) {
2788 >                    if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, LOCKSTATE, s, WRITER)) {
2789 >                        if (waiting)
2790 >                            waiter = null;
2791 >                        return;
2792 >                    }
2793 >                }
2794 >                else if ((s & WAITER) == 0) {
2795 >                    if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, LOCKSTATE, s, s | WAITER)) {
2796 >                        waiting = true;
2797 >                        waiter = Thread.currentThread();
2798 >                    }
2799 >                }
2800 >                else if (waiting)
2801 >                    LockSupport.park(this);
2802 >            }
2803 >        }
2804  
2805 <        /* Specialized implementations of map methods */
2806 <        
2807 <        V get(K key, int hash) {
2808 <            if (count != 0) { // read-volatile
2809 <                HashEntry<K,V>[] tab = table;
2810 <                int index = indexFor(hash, tab.length);
2811 <                HashEntry<K,V> e = tab[index];
2812 <                while (e != null) {
2813 <                    if (e.hash == hash && eq(key, e.key))
2814 <                        return e.value;
2815 <                    e = e.next;
2805 >        /**
2806 >         * Returns matching node or null if none. Tries to search
2807 >         * using tree comparisons from root, but continues linear
2808 >         * search when lock not available.
2809 >         */
2810 >        final Node<K,V> find(int h, Object k) {
2811 >            if (k != null) {
2812 >                for (Node<K,V> e = first; e != null; ) {
2813 >                    int s; K ek;
2814 >                    if (((s = lockState) & (WAITER|WRITER)) != 0) {
2815 >                        if (e.hash == h &&
2816 >                            ((ek = e.key) == k || (ek != null && k.equals(ek))))
2817 >                            return e;
2818 >                        e = e.next;
2819 >                    }
2820 >                    else if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, LOCKSTATE, s,
2821 >                                                 s + READER)) {
2822 >                        TreeNode<K,V> r, p;
2823 >                        try {
2824 >                            p = ((r = root) == null ? null :
2825 >                                 r.findTreeNode(h, k, null));
2826 >                        } finally {
2827 >                            Thread w;
2828 >                            if (U.getAndAddInt(this, LOCKSTATE, -READER) ==
2829 >                                (READER|WAITER) && (w = waiter) != null)
2830 >                                LockSupport.unpark(w);
2831 >                        }
2832 >                        return p;
2833 >                    }
2834                  }
2835              }
2836              return null;
2837          }
2838  
2839 <        boolean containsKey(Object key, int hash) {
2840 <            if (count != 0) { // read-volatile
2841 <                HashEntry<K,V>[] tab = table;
2842 <                int index = indexFor(hash, tab.length);
2843 <                HashEntry<K,V> e = tab[index];
2844 <                while (e != null) {
2845 <                    if (e.hash == hash && eq(key, e.key))
2846 <                        return true;
2847 <                    e = e.next;
2839 >        /**
2840 >         * Finds or adds a node.
2841 >         * @return null if added
2842 >         */
2843 >        final TreeNode<K,V> putTreeVal(int h, K k, V v) {
2844 >            Class<?> kc = null;
2845 >            boolean searched = false;
2846 >            for (TreeNode<K,V> p = root;;) {
2847 >                int dir, ph; K pk;
2848 >                if (p == null) {
2849 >                    first = root = new TreeNode<K,V>(h, k, v, null, null);
2850 >                    break;
2851 >                }
2852 >                else if ((ph = p.hash) > h)
2853 >                    dir = -1;
2854 >                else if (ph < h)
2855 >                    dir = 1;
2856 >                else if ((pk = p.key) == k || (pk != null && k.equals(pk)))
2857 >                    return p;
2858 >                else if ((kc == null &&
2859 >                          (kc = comparableClassFor(k)) == null) ||
2860 >                         (dir = compareComparables(kc, k, pk)) == 0) {
2861 >                    if (!searched) {
2862 >                        TreeNode<K,V> q, ch;
2863 >                        searched = true;
2864 >                        if (((ch = p.left) != null &&
2865 >                             (q = ch.findTreeNode(h, k, kc)) != null) ||
2866 >                            ((ch = p.right) != null &&
2867 >                             (q = ch.findTreeNode(h, k, kc)) != null))
2868 >                            return q;
2869 >                    }
2870 >                    dir = tieBreakOrder(k, pk);
2871 >                }
2872 >
2873 >                TreeNode<K,V> xp = p;
2874 >                if ((p = (dir <= 0) ? p.left : p.right) == null) {
2875 >                    TreeNode<K,V> x, f = first;
2876 >                    first = x = new TreeNode<K,V>(h, k, v, f, xp);
2877 >                    if (f != null)
2878 >                        f.prev = x;
2879 >                    if (dir <= 0)
2880 >                        xp.left = x;
2881 >                    else
2882 >                        xp.right = x;
2883 >                    if (!xp.red)
2884 >                        x.red = true;
2885 >                    else {
2886 >                        lockRoot();
2887 >                        try {
2888 >                            root = balanceInsertion(root, x);
2889 >                        } finally {
2890 >                            unlockRoot();
2891 >                        }
2892 >                    }
2893 >                    break;
2894                  }
2895              }
2896 <            return false;
2896 >            assert checkInvariants(root);
2897 >            return null;
2898          }
2899 <        
2900 <        boolean containsValue(Object value) {
2901 <            if (count != 0) { // read-volatile
2902 <                HashEntry<K,V> tab[] = table;
2903 <                int len = tab.length;
2904 <                for (int i = 0 ; i < len; i++)
2905 <                    for (HashEntry<K,V> e = tab[i] ; e != null ; e = e.next)
2906 <                        if (value.equals(e.value))
2907 <                            return true;
2899 >
2900 >        /**
2901 >         * Removes the given node, that must be present before this
2902 >         * call.  This is messier than typical red-black deletion code
2903 >         * because we cannot swap the contents of an interior node
2904 >         * with a leaf successor that is pinned by "next" pointers
2905 >         * that are accessible independently of lock. So instead we
2906 >         * swap the tree linkages.
2907 >         *
2908 >         * @return true if now too small, so should be untreeified
2909 >         */
2910 >        final boolean removeTreeNode(TreeNode<K,V> p) {
2911 >            TreeNode<K,V> next = (TreeNode<K,V>)p.next;
2912 >            TreeNode<K,V> pred = p.prev;  // unlink traversal pointers
2913 >            TreeNode<K,V> r, rl;
2914 >            if (pred == null)
2915 >                first = next;
2916 >            else
2917 >                pred.next = next;
2918 >            if (next != null)
2919 >                next.prev = pred;
2920 >            if (first == null) {
2921 >                root = null;
2922 >                return true;
2923 >            }
2924 >            if ((r = root) == null || r.right == null || // too small
2925 >                (rl = r.left) == null || rl.left == null)
2926 >                return true;
2927 >            lockRoot();
2928 >            try {
2929 >                TreeNode<K,V> replacement;
2930 >                TreeNode<K,V> pl = p.left;
2931 >                TreeNode<K,V> pr = p.right;
2932 >                if (pl != null && pr != null) {
2933 >                    TreeNode<K,V> s = pr, sl;
2934 >                    while ((sl = s.left) != null) // find successor
2935 >                        s = sl;
2936 >                    boolean c = s.red; s.red = p.red; p.red = c; // swap colors
2937 >                    TreeNode<K,V> sr = s.right;
2938 >                    TreeNode<K,V> pp = p.parent;
2939 >                    if (s == pr) { // p was s's direct parent
2940 >                        p.parent = s;
2941 >                        s.right = p;
2942 >                    }
2943 >                    else {
2944 >                        TreeNode<K,V> sp = s.parent;
2945 >                        if ((p.parent = sp) != null) {
2946 >                            if (s == sp.left)
2947 >                                sp.left = p;
2948 >                            else
2949 >                                sp.right = p;
2950 >                        }
2951 >                        if ((s.right = pr) != null)
2952 >                            pr.parent = s;
2953 >                    }
2954 >                    p.left = null;
2955 >                    if ((p.right = sr) != null)
2956 >                        sr.parent = p;
2957 >                    if ((s.left = pl) != null)
2958 >                        pl.parent = s;
2959 >                    if ((s.parent = pp) == null)
2960 >                        r = s;
2961 >                    else if (p == pp.left)
2962 >                        pp.left = s;
2963 >                    else
2964 >                        pp.right = s;
2965 >                    if (sr != null)
2966 >                        replacement = sr;
2967 >                    else
2968 >                        replacement = p;
2969 >                }
2970 >                else if (pl != null)
2971 >                    replacement = pl;
2972 >                else if (pr != null)
2973 >                    replacement = pr;
2974 >                else
2975 >                    replacement = p;
2976 >                if (replacement != p) {
2977 >                    TreeNode<K,V> pp = replacement.parent = p.parent;
2978 >                    if (pp == null)
2979 >                        r = replacement;
2980 >                    else if (p == pp.left)
2981 >                        pp.left = replacement;
2982 >                    else
2983 >                        pp.right = replacement;
2984 >                    p.left = p.right = p.parent = null;
2985 >                }
2986 >
2987 >                root = (p.red) ? r : balanceDeletion(r, replacement);
2988 >
2989 >                if (p == replacement) {  // detach pointers
2990 >                    TreeNode<K,V> pp;
2991 >                    if ((pp = p.parent) != null) {
2992 >                        if (p == pp.left)
2993 >                            pp.left = null;
2994 >                        else if (p == pp.right)
2995 >                            pp.right = null;
2996 >                        p.parent = null;
2997 >                    }
2998 >                }
2999 >            } finally {
3000 >                unlockRoot();
3001              }
3002 +            assert checkInvariants(root);
3003              return false;
3004          }
3005  
3006 <        V put(K key, int hash, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent) {
3007 <            lock();
3008 <            try {
3009 <                HashEntry<K,V>[] tab = table;
3010 <                int index = indexFor(hash, tab.length);
3011 <                HashEntry<K,V> first = tab[index];
3012 <                
3013 <                for (HashEntry<K,V> e = first; e != null; e = e.next) {
3014 <                    if (e.hash == hash && eq(key, e.key)) {
3015 <                        V oldValue = e.value;
3016 <                        if (!onlyIfAbsent)
3017 <                            e.value = value;
3018 <                        count = count; // write-volatile
3019 <                        return oldValue;
3020 <                    }
3021 <                }
3022 <                
306 <                tab[index] = new HashEntry<K,V>(hash, key, value, first);
307 <                if (++count > threshold) // write-volatile
308 <                    rehash();
309 <                return null;
310 <            }
311 <            finally {
312 <                unlock();
3006 >        /* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
3007 >        // Red-black tree methods, all adapted from CLR
3008 >
3009 >        static <K,V> TreeNode<K,V> rotateLeft(TreeNode<K,V> root,
3010 >                                              TreeNode<K,V> p) {
3011 >            TreeNode<K,V> r, pp, rl;
3012 >            if (p != null && (r = p.right) != null) {
3013 >                if ((rl = p.right = r.left) != null)
3014 >                    rl.parent = p;
3015 >                if ((pp = r.parent = p.parent) == null)
3016 >                    (root = r).red = false;
3017 >                else if (pp.left == p)
3018 >                    pp.left = r;
3019 >                else
3020 >                    pp.right = r;
3021 >                r.left = p;
3022 >                p.parent = r;
3023              }
3024 +            return root;
3025          }
3026  
3027 <        private void rehash() {
3028 <            HashEntry<K,V>[] oldTable = table;
3029 <            int oldCapacity = oldTable.length;
3030 <            if (oldCapacity >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)
3031 <                return;
3027 >        static <K,V> TreeNode<K,V> rotateRight(TreeNode<K,V> root,
3028 >                                               TreeNode<K,V> p) {
3029 >            TreeNode<K,V> l, pp, lr;
3030 >            if (p != null && (l = p.left) != null) {
3031 >                if ((lr = p.left = l.right) != null)
3032 >                    lr.parent = p;
3033 >                if ((pp = l.parent = p.parent) == null)
3034 >                    (root = l).red = false;
3035 >                else if (pp.right == p)
3036 >                    pp.right = l;
3037 >                else
3038 >                    pp.left = l;
3039 >                l.right = p;
3040 >                p.parent = l;
3041 >            }
3042 >            return root;
3043 >        }
3044  
3045 <            /*
3046 <             * Reclassify nodes in each list to new Map.  Because we are
3047 <             * using power-of-two expansion, the elements from each bin
3048 <             * must either stay at same index, or move with a power of two
3049 <             * offset. We eliminate unnecessary node creation by catching
3050 <             * cases where old nodes can be reused because their next
3051 <             * fields won't change. Statistically, at the default
3052 <             * threshhold, only about one-sixth of them need cloning when
3053 <             * a table doubles. The nodes they replace will be garbage
3054 <             * collectable as soon as they are no longer referenced by any
3055 <             * reader thread that may be in the midst of traversing table
3056 <             * right now.
3057 <             */
3058 <            
3059 <            HashEntry<K,V>[] newTable = new HashEntry<K,V>[oldCapacity << 1];
3060 <            int sizeMask = newTable.length - 1;
3061 <            for (int i = 0; i < oldCapacity ; i++) {
3062 <                // We need to guarantee that any existing reads of old Map can
3063 <                //  proceed. So we cannot yet null out each bin.  
3064 <                HashEntry<K,V> e = oldTable[i];
3065 <                
3066 <                if (e != null) {
3067 <                    HashEntry<K,V> next = e.next;
3068 <                    int idx = e.hash & sizeMask;
3069 <                    
3070 <                    //  Single node on list
3071 <                    if (next == null)
3072 <                        newTable[idx] = e;
3073 <                    
3074 <                    else {    
3075 <                        // Reuse trailing consecutive sequence at same slot
3076 <                        HashEntry<K,V> lastRun = e;
3077 <                        int lastIdx = idx;
3078 <                        for (HashEntry<K,V> last = next;
3079 <                             last != null;
3080 <                             last = last.next) {
3081 <                            int k = last.hash & sizeMask;
3082 <                            if (k != lastIdx) {
3083 <                                lastIdx = k;
3084 <                                lastRun = last;
3085 <                            }
3086 <                        }
3087 <                        newTable[lastIdx] = lastRun;
3088 <                        
3089 <                        // Clone all remaining nodes
3090 <                        for (HashEntry<K,V> p = e; p != lastRun; p = p.next) {
3091 <                            int k = p.hash & sizeMask;
3092 <                            newTable[k] = new HashEntry<K,V>(p.hash, p.key,
3093 <                                                             p.value, newTable[k]);
3045 >        static <K,V> TreeNode<K,V> balanceInsertion(TreeNode<K,V> root,
3046 >                                                    TreeNode<K,V> x) {
3047 >            x.red = true;
3048 >            for (TreeNode<K,V> xp, xpp, xppl, xppr;;) {
3049 >                if ((xp = x.parent) == null) {
3050 >                    x.red = false;
3051 >                    return x;
3052 >                }
3053 >                else if (!xp.red || (xpp = xp.parent) == null)
3054 >                    return root;
3055 >                if (xp == (xppl = xpp.left)) {
3056 >                    if ((xppr = xpp.right) != null && xppr.red) {
3057 >                        xppr.red = false;
3058 >                        xp.red = false;
3059 >                        xpp.red = true;
3060 >                        x = xpp;
3061 >                    }
3062 >                    else {
3063 >                        if (x == xp.right) {
3064 >                            root = rotateLeft(root, x = xp);
3065 >                            xpp = (xp = x.parent) == null ? null : xp.parent;
3066 >                        }
3067 >                        if (xp != null) {
3068 >                            xp.red = false;
3069 >                            if (xpp != null) {
3070 >                                xpp.red = true;
3071 >                                root = rotateRight(root, xpp);
3072 >                            }
3073 >                        }
3074 >                    }
3075 >                }
3076 >                else {
3077 >                    if (xppl != null && xppl.red) {
3078 >                        xppl.red = false;
3079 >                        xp.red = false;
3080 >                        xpp.red = true;
3081 >                        x = xpp;
3082 >                    }
3083 >                    else {
3084 >                        if (x == xp.left) {
3085 >                            root = rotateRight(root, x = xp);
3086 >                            xpp = (xp = x.parent) == null ? null : xp.parent;
3087 >                        }
3088 >                        if (xp != null) {
3089 >                            xp.red = false;
3090 >                            if (xpp != null) {
3091 >                                xpp.red = true;
3092 >                                root = rotateLeft(root, xpp);
3093 >                            }
3094 >                        }
3095 >                    }
3096 >                }
3097 >            }
3098 >        }
3099 >
3100 >        static <K,V> TreeNode<K,V> balanceDeletion(TreeNode<K,V> root,
3101 >                                                   TreeNode<K,V> x) {
3102 >            for (TreeNode<K,V> xp, xpl, xpr;;) {
3103 >                if (x == null || x == root)
3104 >                    return root;
3105 >                else if ((xp = x.parent) == null) {
3106 >                    x.red = false;
3107 >                    return x;
3108 >                }
3109 >                else if (x.red) {
3110 >                    x.red = false;
3111 >                    return root;
3112 >                }
3113 >                else if ((xpl = xp.left) == x) {
3114 >                    if ((xpr = xp.right) != null && xpr.red) {
3115 >                        xpr.red = false;
3116 >                        xp.red = true;
3117 >                        root = rotateLeft(root, xp);
3118 >                        xpr = (xp = x.parent) == null ? null : xp.right;
3119 >                    }
3120 >                    if (xpr == null)
3121 >                        x = xp;
3122 >                    else {
3123 >                        TreeNode<K,V> sl = xpr.left, sr = xpr.right;
3124 >                        if ((sr == null || !sr.red) &&
3125 >                            (sl == null || !sl.red)) {
3126 >                            xpr.red = true;
3127 >                            x = xp;
3128 >                        }
3129 >                        else {
3130 >                            if (sr == null || !sr.red) {
3131 >                                if (sl != null)
3132 >                                    sl.red = false;
3133 >                                xpr.red = true;
3134 >                                root = rotateRight(root, xpr);
3135 >                                xpr = (xp = x.parent) == null ?
3136 >                                    null : xp.right;
3137 >                            }
3138 >                            if (xpr != null) {
3139 >                                xpr.red = (xp == null) ? false : xp.red;
3140 >                                if ((sr = xpr.right) != null)
3141 >                                    sr.red = false;
3142 >                            }
3143 >                            if (xp != null) {
3144 >                                xp.red = false;
3145 >                                root = rotateLeft(root, xp);
3146 >                            }
3147 >                            x = root;
3148 >                        }
3149 >                    }
3150 >                }
3151 >                else { // symmetric
3152 >                    if (xpl != null && xpl.red) {
3153 >                        xpl.red = false;
3154 >                        xp.red = true;
3155 >                        root = rotateRight(root, xp);
3156 >                        xpl = (xp = x.parent) == null ? null : xp.left;
3157 >                    }
3158 >                    if (xpl == null)
3159 >                        x = xp;
3160 >                    else {
3161 >                        TreeNode<K,V> sl = xpl.left, sr = xpl.right;
3162 >                        if ((sl == null || !sl.red) &&
3163 >                            (sr == null || !sr.red)) {
3164 >                            xpl.red = true;
3165 >                            x = xp;
3166 >                        }
3167 >                        else {
3168 >                            if (sl == null || !sl.red) {
3169 >                                if (sr != null)
3170 >                                    sr.red = false;
3171 >                                xpl.red = true;
3172 >                                root = rotateLeft(root, xpl);
3173 >                                xpl = (xp = x.parent) == null ?
3174 >                                    null : xp.left;
3175 >                            }
3176 >                            if (xpl != null) {
3177 >                                xpl.red = (xp == null) ? false : xp.red;
3178 >                                if ((sl = xpl.left) != null)
3179 >                                    sl.red = false;
3180 >                            }
3181 >                            if (xp != null) {
3182 >                                xp.red = false;
3183 >                                root = rotateRight(root, xp);
3184 >                            }
3185 >                            x = root;
3186                          }
3187                      }
3188                  }
3189              }
375            setTable(newTable);
3190          }
3191  
3192          /**
3193 <         * Remove; match on key only if value null, else match both.
3193 >         * Recursive invariant check
3194           */
3195 <        V remove(Object key, int hash, Object value) {
3196 <            lock();
3197 <            try {
3198 <                HashEntry[] tab = table;
3199 <                int index = indexFor(hash, tab.length);
3200 <                HashEntry<K,V> first = tab[index];
3201 <                
3202 <                HashEntry<K,V> e = first;
3203 <                while (true) {
3204 <                    if (e == null)
3205 <                        return null;
3206 <                    if (e.hash == hash && eq(key, e.key))
3207 <                        break;
3208 <                    e = e.next;
3209 <                }
3195 >        static <K,V> boolean checkInvariants(TreeNode<K,V> t) {
3196 >            TreeNode<K,V> tp = t.parent, tl = t.left, tr = t.right,
3197 >                tb = t.prev, tn = (TreeNode<K,V>)t.next;
3198 >            if (tb != null && tb.next != t)
3199 >                return false;
3200 >            if (tn != null && tn.prev != t)
3201 >                return false;
3202 >            if (tp != null && t != tp.left && t != tp.right)
3203 >                return false;
3204 >            if (tl != null && (tl.parent != t || tl.hash > t.hash))
3205 >                return false;
3206 >            if (tr != null && (tr.parent != t || tr.hash < t.hash))
3207 >                return false;
3208 >            if (t.red && tl != null && tl.red && tr != null && tr.red)
3209 >                return false;
3210 >            if (tl != null && !checkInvariants(tl))
3211 >                return false;
3212 >            if (tr != null && !checkInvariants(tr))
3213 >                return false;
3214 >            return true;
3215 >        }
3216  
3217 <                V oldValue = e.value;
3218 <                if (value != null && !value.equals(oldValue))
3219 <                    return null;
3220 <                
3221 <                // All entries following removed node can stay in list, but
3222 <                // all preceeding ones need to be cloned.  
3223 <                HashEntry<K,V> newFirst = e.next;
3224 <                for (HashEntry<K,V> p = first; p != e; p = p.next)
3225 <                    newFirst = new HashEntry<K,V>(p.hash, p.key, p.value, newFirst);
3226 <                tab[index] = newFirst;
407 <                
408 <                count--; // write-volatile
409 <                return e.value;
410 <            }
411 <            finally {
412 <                unlock();
3217 >        private static final sun.misc.Unsafe U;
3218 >        private static final long LOCKSTATE;
3219 >        static {
3220 >            try {
3221 >                U = sun.misc.Unsafe.getUnsafe();
3222 >                Class<?> k = TreeBin.class;
3223 >                LOCKSTATE = U.objectFieldOffset
3224 >                    (k.getDeclaredField("lockState"));
3225 >            } catch (Exception e) {
3226 >                throw new Error(e);
3227              }
3228          }
3229 +    }
3230  
3231 <        void clear() {
3232 <            lock();
3233 <            try {
3234 <                HashEntry<K,V> tab[] = table;
3235 <                for (int i = 0; i < tab.length ; i++)
3236 <                    tab[i] = null;
3237 <                count = 0; // write-volatile
3231 >    /* ----------------Table Traversal -------------- */
3232 >
3233 >    /**
3234 >     * Records the table, its length, and current traversal index for a
3235 >     * traverser that must process a region of a forwarded table before
3236 >     * proceeding with current table.
3237 >     */
3238 >    static final class TableStack<K,V> {
3239 >        int length;
3240 >        int index;
3241 >        Node<K,V>[] tab;
3242 >        TableStack<K,V> next;
3243 >    }
3244 >
3245 >    /**
3246 >     * Encapsulates traversal for methods such as containsValue; also
3247 >     * serves as a base class for other iterators and spliterators.
3248 >     *
3249 >     * Method advance visits once each still-valid node that was
3250 >     * reachable upon iterator construction. It might miss some that
3251 >     * were added to a bin after the bin was visited, which is OK wrt
3252 >     * consistency guarantees. Maintaining this property in the face
3253 >     * of possible ongoing resizes requires a fair amount of
3254 >     * bookkeeping state that is difficult to optimize away amidst
3255 >     * volatile accesses.  Even so, traversal maintains reasonable
3256 >     * throughput.
3257 >     *
3258 >     * Normally, iteration proceeds bin-by-bin traversing lists.
3259 >     * However, if the table has been resized, then all future steps
3260 >     * must traverse both the bin at the current index as well as at
3261 >     * (index + baseSize); and so on for further resizings. To
3262 >     * paranoically cope with potential sharing by users of iterators
3263 >     * across threads, iteration terminates if a bounds checks fails
3264 >     * for a table read.
3265 >     */
3266 >    static class Traverser<K,V> {
3267 >        Node<K,V>[] tab;        // current table; updated if resized
3268 >        Node<K,V> next;         // the next entry to use
3269 >        TableStack<K,V> stack, spare; // to save/restore on ForwardingNodes
3270 >        int index;              // index of bin to use next
3271 >        int baseIndex;          // current index of initial table
3272 >        int baseLimit;          // index bound for initial table
3273 >        final int baseSize;     // initial table size
3274 >
3275 >        Traverser(Node<K,V>[] tab, int size, int index, int limit) {
3276 >            this.tab = tab;
3277 >            this.baseSize = size;
3278 >            this.baseIndex = this.index = index;
3279 >            this.baseLimit = limit;
3280 >            this.next = null;
3281 >        }
3282 >
3283 >        /**
3284 >         * Advances if possible, returning next valid node, or null if none.
3285 >         */
3286 >        final Node<K,V> advance() {
3287 >            Node<K,V> e;
3288 >            if ((e = next) != null)
3289 >                e = e.next;
3290 >            for (;;) {
3291 >                Node<K,V>[] t; int i, n;  // must use locals in checks
3292 >                if (e != null)
3293 >                    return next = e;
3294 >                if (baseIndex >= baseLimit || (t = tab) == null ||
3295 >                    (n = t.length) <= (i = index) || i < 0)
3296 >                    return next = null;
3297 >                if ((e = tabAt(t, i)) != null && e.hash < 0) {
3298 >                    if (e instanceof ForwardingNode) {
3299 >                        tab = ((ForwardingNode<K,V>)e).nextTable;
3300 >                        e = null;
3301 >                        pushState(t, i, n);
3302 >                        continue;
3303 >                    }
3304 >                    else if (e instanceof TreeBin)
3305 >                        e = ((TreeBin<K,V>)e).first;
3306 >                    else
3307 >                        e = null;
3308 >                }
3309 >                if (stack != null)
3310 >                    recoverState(n);
3311 >                else if ((index = i + baseSize) >= n)
3312 >                    index = ++baseIndex; // visit upper slots if present
3313              }
3314 <            finally {
3315 <                unlock();
3314 >        }
3315 >
3316 >        /**
3317 >         * Saves traversal state upon encountering a forwarding node.
3318 >         */
3319 >        private void pushState(Node<K,V>[] t, int i, int n) {
3320 >            TableStack<K,V> s = spare;  // reuse if possible
3321 >            if (s != null)
3322 >                spare = s.next;
3323 >            else
3324 >                s = new TableStack<K,V>();
3325 >            s.tab = t;
3326 >            s.length = n;
3327 >            s.index = i;
3328 >            s.next = stack;
3329 >            stack = s;
3330 >        }
3331 >
3332 >        /**
3333 >         * Possibly pops traversal state.
3334 >         *
3335 >         * @param n length of current table
3336 >         */
3337 >        private void recoverState(int n) {
3338 >            TableStack<K,V> s; int len;
3339 >            while ((s = stack) != null && (index += (len = s.length)) >= n) {
3340 >                n = len;
3341 >                index = s.index;
3342 >                tab = s.tab;
3343 >                s.tab = null;
3344 >                TableStack<K,V> next = s.next;
3345 >                s.next = spare; // save for reuse
3346 >                stack = next;
3347 >                spare = s;
3348              }
3349 +            if (s == null && (index += baseSize) >= n)
3350 +                index = ++baseIndex;
3351          }
3352      }
3353  
3354      /**
3355 <     * ConcurrentReaderHashMap list entry.
3355 >     * Base of key, value, and entry Iterators. Adds fields to
3356 >     * Traverser to support iterator.remove.
3357       */
3358 <    private static class HashEntry<K,V> implements Entry<K,V> {
3359 <        private final K key;
3360 <        private V value;
3361 <        private final int hash;
3362 <        private final HashEntry<K,V> next;
3358 >    static class BaseIterator<K,V> extends Traverser<K,V> {
3359 >        final ConcurrentHashMap<K,V> map;
3360 >        Node<K,V> lastReturned;
3361 >        BaseIterator(Node<K,V>[] tab, int size, int index, int limit,
3362 >                    ConcurrentHashMap<K,V> map) {
3363 >            super(tab, size, index, limit);
3364 >            this.map = map;
3365 >            advance();
3366 >        }
3367  
3368 <        HashEntry(int hash, K key, V value, HashEntry<K,V> next) {
3369 <            this.value = value;
3370 <            this.hash = hash;
3371 <            this.key = key;
3372 <            this.next = next;
3368 >        public final boolean hasNext() { return next != null; }
3369 >        public final boolean hasMoreElements() { return next != null; }
3370 >
3371 >        public final void remove() {
3372 >            Node<K,V> p;
3373 >            if ((p = lastReturned) == null)
3374 >                throw new IllegalStateException();
3375 >            lastReturned = null;
3376 >            map.replaceNode(p.key, null, null);
3377          }
3378 +    }
3379  
3380 <        public K getKey() {
3381 <            return key;
3380 >    static final class KeyIterator<K,V> extends BaseIterator<K,V>
3381 >        implements Iterator<K>, Enumeration<K> {
3382 >        KeyIterator(Node<K,V>[] tab, int index, int size, int limit,
3383 >                    ConcurrentHashMap<K,V> map) {
3384 >            super(tab, index, size, limit, map);
3385          }
3386  
3387 <        public V getValue() {
3388 <            return value;
3387 >        public final K next() {
3388 >            Node<K,V> p;
3389 >            if ((p = next) == null)
3390 >                throw new NoSuchElementException();
3391 >            K k = p.key;
3392 >            lastReturned = p;
3393 >            advance();
3394 >            return k;
3395          }
3396  
3397 <        public V setValue(V newValue) {
3398 <            // We aren't required to, and don't provide any
3399 <            // visibility barriers for setting value.
3400 <            if (newValue == null)
3401 <                throw new NullPointerException();
3402 <            V oldValue = this.value;
3403 <            this.value = newValue;
3404 <            return oldValue;
3397 >        public final K nextElement() { return next(); }
3398 >    }
3399 >
3400 >    static final class ValueIterator<K,V> extends BaseIterator<K,V>
3401 >        implements Iterator<V>, Enumeration<V> {
3402 >        ValueIterator(Node<K,V>[] tab, int index, int size, int limit,
3403 >                      ConcurrentHashMap<K,V> map) {
3404 >            super(tab, index, size, limit, map);
3405          }
3406  
3407 +        public final V next() {
3408 +            Node<K,V> p;
3409 +            if ((p = next) == null)
3410 +                throw new NoSuchElementException();
3411 +            V v = p.val;
3412 +            lastReturned = p;
3413 +            advance();
3414 +            return v;
3415 +        }
3416 +
3417 +        public final V nextElement() { return next(); }
3418 +    }
3419 +
3420 +    static final class EntryIterator<K,V> extends BaseIterator<K,V>
3421 +        implements Iterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> {
3422 +        EntryIterator(Node<K,V>[] tab, int index, int size, int limit,
3423 +                      ConcurrentHashMap<K,V> map) {
3424 +            super(tab, index, size, limit, map);
3425 +        }
3426 +
3427 +        public final Map.Entry<K,V> next() {
3428 +            Node<K,V> p;
3429 +            if ((p = next) == null)
3430 +                throw new NoSuchElementException();
3431 +            K k = p.key;
3432 +            V v = p.val;
3433 +            lastReturned = p;
3434 +            advance();
3435 +            return new MapEntry<K,V>(k, v, map);
3436 +        }
3437 +    }
3438 +
3439 +    /**
3440 +     * Exported Entry for EntryIterator
3441 +     */
3442 +    static final class MapEntry<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> {
3443 +        final K key; // non-null
3444 +        V val;       // non-null
3445 +        final ConcurrentHashMap<K,V> map;
3446 +        MapEntry(K key, V val, ConcurrentHashMap<K,V> map) {
3447 +            this.key = key;
3448 +            this.val = val;
3449 +            this.map = map;
3450 +        }
3451 +        public K getKey()        { return key; }
3452 +        public V getValue()      { return val; }
3453 +        public int hashCode()    { return key.hashCode() ^ val.hashCode(); }
3454 +        public String toString() { return key + "=" + val; }
3455 +
3456          public boolean equals(Object o) {
3457 <            if (!(o instanceof Entry))
3457 >            Object k, v; Map.Entry<?,?> e;
3458 >            return ((o instanceof Map.Entry) &&
3459 >                    (k = (e = (Map.Entry<?,?>)o).getKey()) != null &&
3460 >                    (v = e.getValue()) != null &&
3461 >                    (k == key || k.equals(key)) &&
3462 >                    (v == val || v.equals(val)));
3463 >        }
3464 >
3465 >        /**
3466 >         * Sets our entry's value and writes through to the map. The
3467 >         * value to return is somewhat arbitrary here. Since we do not
3468 >         * necessarily track asynchronous changes, the most recent
3469 >         * "previous" value could be different from what we return (or
3470 >         * could even have been removed, in which case the put will
3471 >         * re-establish). We do not and cannot guarantee more.
3472 >         */
3473 >        public V setValue(V value) {
3474 >            if (value == null) throw new NullPointerException();
3475 >            V v = val;
3476 >            val = value;
3477 >            map.put(key, value);
3478 >            return v;
3479 >        }
3480 >    }
3481 >
3482 >    static final class KeySpliterator<K,V> extends Traverser<K,V>
3483 >        implements Spliterator<K> {
3484 >        long est;               // size estimate
3485 >        KeySpliterator(Node<K,V>[] tab, int size, int index, int limit,
3486 >                       long est) {
3487 >            super(tab, size, index, limit);
3488 >            this.est = est;
3489 >        }
3490 >
3491 >        public Spliterator<K> trySplit() {
3492 >            int i, f, h;
3493 >            return (h = ((i = baseIndex) + (f = baseLimit)) >>> 1) <= i ? null :
3494 >                new KeySpliterator<K,V>(tab, baseSize, baseLimit = h,
3495 >                                        f, est >>>= 1);
3496 >        }
3497 >
3498 >        public void forEachRemaining(Consumer<? super K> action) {
3499 >            if (action == null) throw new NullPointerException();
3500 >            for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null;)
3501 >                action.accept(p.key);
3502 >        }
3503 >
3504 >        public boolean tryAdvance(Consumer<? super K> action) {
3505 >            if (action == null) throw new NullPointerException();
3506 >            Node<K,V> p;
3507 >            if ((p = advance()) == null)
3508                  return false;
3509 <            Entry<K,V> e = (Entry)o;
3510 <            return (key.equals(e.getKey()) && value.equals(e.getValue()));
3509 >            action.accept(p.key);
3510 >            return true;
3511          }
3512 <    
3513 <        public int hashCode() {
3514 <            return  key.hashCode() ^ value.hashCode();
3512 >
3513 >        public long estimateSize() { return est; }
3514 >
3515 >        public int characteristics() {
3516 >            return Spliterator.DISTINCT | Spliterator.CONCURRENT |
3517 >                Spliterator.NONNULL;
3518 >        }
3519 >    }
3520 >
3521 >    static final class ValueSpliterator<K,V> extends Traverser<K,V>
3522 >        implements Spliterator<V> {
3523 >        long est;               // size estimate
3524 >        ValueSpliterator(Node<K,V>[] tab, int size, int index, int limit,
3525 >                         long est) {
3526 >            super(tab, size, index, limit);
3527 >            this.est = est;
3528          }
3529  
3530 <        public String toString() {
3531 <            return key + "=" + value;
3530 >        public Spliterator<V> trySplit() {
3531 >            int i, f, h;
3532 >            return (h = ((i = baseIndex) + (f = baseLimit)) >>> 1) <= i ? null :
3533 >                new ValueSpliterator<K,V>(tab, baseSize, baseLimit = h,
3534 >                                          f, est >>>= 1);
3535 >        }
3536 >
3537 >        public void forEachRemaining(Consumer<? super V> action) {
3538 >            if (action == null) throw new NullPointerException();
3539 >            for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null;)
3540 >                action.accept(p.val);
3541 >        }
3542 >
3543 >        public boolean tryAdvance(Consumer<? super V> action) {
3544 >            if (action == null) throw new NullPointerException();
3545 >            Node<K,V> p;
3546 >            if ((p = advance()) == null)
3547 >                return false;
3548 >            action.accept(p.val);
3549 >            return true;
3550 >        }
3551 >
3552 >        public long estimateSize() { return est; }
3553 >
3554 >        public int characteristics() {
3555 >            return Spliterator.CONCURRENT | Spliterator.NONNULL;
3556          }
3557      }
3558  
3559 <    
3560 <    /* ---------------- Public operations -------------- */
3559 >    static final class EntrySpliterator<K,V> extends Traverser<K,V>
3560 >        implements Spliterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> {
3561 >        final ConcurrentHashMap<K,V> map; // To export MapEntry
3562 >        long est;               // size estimate
3563 >        EntrySpliterator(Node<K,V>[] tab, int size, int index, int limit,
3564 >                         long est, ConcurrentHashMap<K,V> map) {
3565 >            super(tab, size, index, limit);
3566 >            this.map = map;
3567 >            this.est = est;
3568 >        }
3569 >
3570 >        public Spliterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> trySplit() {
3571 >            int i, f, h;
3572 >            return (h = ((i = baseIndex) + (f = baseLimit)) >>> 1) <= i ? null :
3573 >                new EntrySpliterator<K,V>(tab, baseSize, baseLimit = h,
3574 >                                          f, est >>>= 1, map);
3575 >        }
3576 >
3577 >        public void forEachRemaining(Consumer<? super Map.Entry<K,V>> action) {
3578 >            if (action == null) throw new NullPointerException();
3579 >            for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null; )
3580 >                action.accept(new MapEntry<K,V>(p.key, p.val, map));
3581 >        }
3582 >
3583 >        public boolean tryAdvance(Consumer<? super Map.Entry<K,V>> action) {
3584 >            if (action == null) throw new NullPointerException();
3585 >            Node<K,V> p;
3586 >            if ((p = advance()) == null)
3587 >                return false;
3588 >            action.accept(new MapEntry<K,V>(p.key, p.val, map));
3589 >            return true;
3590 >        }
3591 >
3592 >        public long estimateSize() { return est; }
3593 >
3594 >        public int characteristics() {
3595 >            return Spliterator.DISTINCT | Spliterator.CONCURRENT |
3596 >                Spliterator.NONNULL;
3597 >        }
3598 >    }
3599 >
3600 >    // Parallel bulk operations
3601 >
3602 >    /**
3603 >     * Computes initial batch value for bulk tasks. The returned value
3604 >     * is approximately exp2 of the number of times (minus one) to
3605 >     * split task by two before executing leaf action. This value is
3606 >     * faster to compute and more convenient to use as a guide to
3607 >     * splitting than is the depth, since it is used while dividing by
3608 >     * two anyway.
3609 >     */
3610 >    final int batchFor(long b) {
3611 >        long n;
3612 >        if (b == Long.MAX_VALUE || (n = sumCount()) <= 1L || n < b)
3613 >            return 0;
3614 >        int sp = ForkJoinPool.getCommonPoolParallelism() << 2; // slack of 4
3615 >        return (b <= 0L || (n /= b) >= sp) ? sp : (int)n;
3616 >    }
3617  
3618      /**
3619 <     * Constructs a new, empty map with the specified initial
485 <     * capacity and the specified load factor.
3619 >     * Performs the given action for each (key, value).
3620       *
3621 <     * @param initialCapacity the initial capacity.  The actual
3622 <     * initial capacity is rounded up to the nearest power of two.
3623 <     * @param loadFactor  the load factor threshold, used to control resizing.
3624 <     * @param segments the number of concurrently accessible segments. the
491 <     * actual number of segments is rounded to the next power of two.
492 <     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the initial capacity is
493 <     * negative or the load factor or number of segments are
494 <     * nonpositive.
3621 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
3622 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
3623 >     * @param action the action
3624 >     * @since 1.8
3625       */
3626 <    public ConcurrentHashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor, int segments) {
3627 <        if (!(loadFactor > 0) || initialCapacity < 0 || segments <= 0)
3628 <            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
3626 >    public void forEach(long parallelismThreshold,
3627 >                        BiConsumer<? super K,? super V> action) {
3628 >        if (action == null) throw new NullPointerException();
3629 >        new ForEachMappingTask<K,V>
3630 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
3631 >             action).invoke();
3632 >    }
3633  
3634 <        // Find power-of-two sizes best matching arguments
3635 <        int sshift = 0;
3636 <        int ssize = 1;
3637 <        while (ssize < segments) {
3638 <            ++sshift;
3639 <            ssize <<= 1;
3640 <        }
3641 <        segmentShift = sshift;
3642 <        segmentMask = ssize-1;
3643 <        this.segments = new Segment<K,V>[ssize];
3634 >    /**
3635 >     * Performs the given action for each non-null transformation
3636 >     * of each (key, value).
3637 >     *
3638 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
3639 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
3640 >     * @param transformer a function returning the transformation
3641 >     * for an element, or null if there is no transformation (in
3642 >     * which case the action is not applied)
3643 >     * @param action the action
3644 >     * @param <U> the return type of the transformer
3645 >     * @since 1.8
3646 >     */
3647 >    public <U> void forEach(long parallelismThreshold,
3648 >                            BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends U> transformer,
3649 >                            Consumer<? super U> action) {
3650 >        if (transformer == null || action == null)
3651 >            throw new NullPointerException();
3652 >        new ForEachTransformedMappingTask<K,V,U>
3653 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
3654 >             transformer, action).invoke();
3655 >    }
3656  
3657 <        if (initialCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)
3658 <            initialCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;
3659 <        int c = initialCapacity / ssize;
3660 <        if (c * ssize < initialCapacity)
3661 <            ++c;
3662 <        int cap = 1;
3663 <        while (cap < c)
3664 <            cap <<= 1;
3657 >    /**
3658 >     * Returns a non-null result from applying the given search
3659 >     * function on each (key, value), or null if none.  Upon
3660 >     * success, further element processing is suppressed and the
3661 >     * results of any other parallel invocations of the search
3662 >     * function are ignored.
3663 >     *
3664 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
3665 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
3666 >     * @param searchFunction a function returning a non-null
3667 >     * result on success, else null
3668 >     * @param <U> the return type of the search function
3669 >     * @return a non-null result from applying the given search
3670 >     * function on each (key, value), or null if none
3671 >     * @since 1.8
3672 >     */
3673 >    public <U> U search(long parallelismThreshold,
3674 >                        BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends U> searchFunction) {
3675 >        if (searchFunction == null) throw new NullPointerException();
3676 >        return new SearchMappingsTask<K,V,U>
3677 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
3678 >             searchFunction, new AtomicReference<U>()).invoke();
3679 >    }
3680  
3681 <        for (int i = 0; i < this.segments.length; ++i)
3682 <            this.segments[i] = new Segment<K,V>(cap, loadFactor);
3681 >    /**
3682 >     * Returns the result of accumulating the given transformation
3683 >     * of all (key, value) pairs using the given reducer to
3684 >     * combine values, or null if none.
3685 >     *
3686 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
3687 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
3688 >     * @param transformer a function returning the transformation
3689 >     * for an element, or null if there is no transformation (in
3690 >     * which case it is not combined)
3691 >     * @param reducer a commutative associative combining function
3692 >     * @param <U> the return type of the transformer
3693 >     * @return the result of accumulating the given transformation
3694 >     * of all (key, value) pairs
3695 >     * @since 1.8
3696 >     */
3697 >    public <U> U reduce(long parallelismThreshold,
3698 >                        BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends U> transformer,
3699 >                        BiFunction<? super U, ? super U, ? extends U> reducer) {
3700 >        if (transformer == null || reducer == null)
3701 >            throw new NullPointerException();
3702 >        return new MapReduceMappingsTask<K,V,U>
3703 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
3704 >             null, transformer, reducer).invoke();
3705      }
3706  
3707      /**
3708 <     * Constructs a new, empty map with the specified initial
3709 <     * capacity,  and with default load factor and segments.
3708 >     * Returns the result of accumulating the given transformation
3709 >     * of all (key, value) pairs using the given reducer to
3710 >     * combine values, and the given basis as an identity value.
3711       *
3712 <     * @param initialCapacity the initial capacity of the
3713 <     * ConcurrentHashMap.
3714 <     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the initial capacity of
3715 <     * elements is negative.
3712 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
3713 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
3714 >     * @param transformer a function returning the transformation
3715 >     * for an element
3716 >     * @param basis the identity (initial default value) for the reduction
3717 >     * @param reducer a commutative associative combining function
3718 >     * @return the result of accumulating the given transformation
3719 >     * of all (key, value) pairs
3720 >     * @since 1.8
3721       */
3722 <    public ConcurrentHashMap(int initialCapacity) {
3723 <        this(initialCapacity, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR, DEFAULT_SEGMENTS);
3722 >    public double reduceToDouble(long parallelismThreshold,
3723 >                                 ToDoubleBiFunction<? super K, ? super V> transformer,
3724 >                                 double basis,
3725 >                                 DoubleBinaryOperator reducer) {
3726 >        if (transformer == null || reducer == null)
3727 >            throw new NullPointerException();
3728 >        return new MapReduceMappingsToDoubleTask<K,V>
3729 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
3730 >             null, transformer, basis, reducer).invoke();
3731      }
3732  
3733      /**
3734 <     * Constructs a new, empty map with a default initial capacity,
3735 <     * load factor, and number of segments
3734 >     * Returns the result of accumulating the given transformation
3735 >     * of all (key, value) pairs using the given reducer to
3736 >     * combine values, and the given basis as an identity value.
3737 >     *
3738 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
3739 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
3740 >     * @param transformer a function returning the transformation
3741 >     * for an element
3742 >     * @param basis the identity (initial default value) for the reduction
3743 >     * @param reducer a commutative associative combining function
3744 >     * @return the result of accumulating the given transformation
3745 >     * of all (key, value) pairs
3746 >     * @since 1.8
3747       */
3748 <    public ConcurrentHashMap() {
3749 <        this(DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR, DEFAULT_SEGMENTS);
3748 >    public long reduceToLong(long parallelismThreshold,
3749 >                             ToLongBiFunction<? super K, ? super V> transformer,
3750 >                             long basis,
3751 >                             LongBinaryOperator reducer) {
3752 >        if (transformer == null || reducer == null)
3753 >            throw new NullPointerException();
3754 >        return new MapReduceMappingsToLongTask<K,V>
3755 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
3756 >             null, transformer, basis, reducer).invoke();
3757      }
3758  
3759      /**
3760 <     * Constructs a new map with the same mappings as the given map.  The
3761 <     * map is created with a capacity of twice the number of mappings in
3762 <     * the given map or 11 (whichever is greater), and a default load factor.
3760 >     * Returns the result of accumulating the given transformation
3761 >     * of all (key, value) pairs using the given reducer to
3762 >     * combine values, and the given basis as an identity value.
3763 >     *
3764 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
3765 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
3766 >     * @param transformer a function returning the transformation
3767 >     * for an element
3768 >     * @param basis the identity (initial default value) for the reduction
3769 >     * @param reducer a commutative associative combining function
3770 >     * @return the result of accumulating the given transformation
3771 >     * of all (key, value) pairs
3772 >     * @since 1.8
3773       */
3774 <    public <A extends K, B extends V> ConcurrentHashMap(Map<A,B> t) {
3775 <        this(Math.max((int) (t.size() / DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR) + 1,
3776 <                      11),
3777 <             DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR, DEFAULT_SEGMENTS);
3778 <        putAll(t);
3774 >    public int reduceToInt(long parallelismThreshold,
3775 >                           ToIntBiFunction<? super K, ? super V> transformer,
3776 >                           int basis,
3777 >                           IntBinaryOperator reducer) {
3778 >        if (transformer == null || reducer == null)
3779 >            throw new NullPointerException();
3780 >        return new MapReduceMappingsToIntTask<K,V>
3781 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
3782 >             null, transformer, basis, reducer).invoke();
3783      }
3784  
3785 <    // inherit Map javadoc
3786 <    public int size() {
3787 <        int c = 0;
3788 <        for (int i = 0; i < segments.length; ++i)
3789 <            c += segments[i].count;
3790 <        return c;
3785 >    /**
3786 >     * Performs the given action for each key.
3787 >     *
3788 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
3789 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
3790 >     * @param action the action
3791 >     * @since 1.8
3792 >     */
3793 >    public void forEachKey(long parallelismThreshold,
3794 >                           Consumer<? super K> action) {
3795 >        if (action == null) throw new NullPointerException();
3796 >        new ForEachKeyTask<K,V>
3797 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
3798 >             action).invoke();
3799      }
3800  
3801 <    // inherit Map javadoc
3802 <    public boolean isEmpty() {
3803 <        for (int i = 0; i < segments.length; ++i)
3804 <            if (segments[i].count != 0)
3805 <                return false;
3806 <        return true;
3801 >    /**
3802 >     * Performs the given action for each non-null transformation
3803 >     * of each key.
3804 >     *
3805 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
3806 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
3807 >     * @param transformer a function returning the transformation
3808 >     * for an element, or null if there is no transformation (in
3809 >     * which case the action is not applied)
3810 >     * @param action the action
3811 >     * @param <U> the return type of the transformer
3812 >     * @since 1.8
3813 >     */
3814 >    public <U> void forEachKey(long parallelismThreshold,
3815 >                               Function<? super K, ? extends U> transformer,
3816 >                               Consumer<? super U> action) {
3817 >        if (transformer == null || action == null)
3818 >            throw new NullPointerException();
3819 >        new ForEachTransformedKeyTask<K,V,U>
3820 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
3821 >             transformer, action).invoke();
3822      }
3823  
3824      /**
3825 <     * Returns the value to which the specified key is mapped in this table.
3825 >     * Returns a non-null result from applying the given search
3826 >     * function on each key, or null if none. Upon success,
3827 >     * further element processing is suppressed and the results of
3828 >     * any other parallel invocations of the search function are
3829 >     * ignored.
3830       *
3831 <     * @param   key   a key in the table.
3832 <     * @return  the value to which the key is mapped in this table;
3833 <     *          <code>null</code> if the key is not mapped to any value in
3834 <     *          this table.
3835 <     * @exception  NullPointerException  if the key is
3836 <     *               <code>null</code>.
3837 <     * @see     #put(Object, Object)
3838 <     */
3839 <    public V get(K key) {
3840 <        int hash = hash(key); // throws NullPointerException if key null
3841 <        return segmentFor(hash).get(key, segmentHashFor(hash));
3831 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
3832 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
3833 >     * @param searchFunction a function returning a non-null
3834 >     * result on success, else null
3835 >     * @param <U> the return type of the search function
3836 >     * @return a non-null result from applying the given search
3837 >     * function on each key, or null if none
3838 >     * @since 1.8
3839 >     */
3840 >    public <U> U searchKeys(long parallelismThreshold,
3841 >                            Function<? super K, ? extends U> searchFunction) {
3842 >        if (searchFunction == null) throw new NullPointerException();
3843 >        return new SearchKeysTask<K,V,U>
3844 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
3845 >             searchFunction, new AtomicReference<U>()).invoke();
3846      }
3847  
3848      /**
3849 <     * Tests if the specified object is a key in this table.
3850 <     *
3851 <     * @param   key   possible key.
3852 <     * @return  <code>true</code> if and only if the specified object
3853 <     *          is a key in this table, as determined by the
3854 <     *          <tt>equals</tt> method; <code>false</code> otherwise.
3855 <     * @exception  NullPointerException  if the key is
3856 <     *               <code>null</code>.
3857 <     * @see     #contains(Object)
3849 >     * Returns the result of accumulating all keys using the given
3850 >     * reducer to combine values, or null if none.
3851 >     *
3852 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
3853 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
3854 >     * @param reducer a commutative associative combining function
3855 >     * @return the result of accumulating all keys using the given
3856 >     * reducer to combine values, or null if none
3857 >     * @since 1.8
3858       */
3859 <    public boolean containsKey(Object key) {
3860 <        int hash = hash(key); // throws NullPointerException if key null
3861 <        return segmentFor(hash).containsKey(key, segmentHashFor(hash));
3859 >    public K reduceKeys(long parallelismThreshold,
3860 >                        BiFunction<? super K, ? super K, ? extends K> reducer) {
3861 >        if (reducer == null) throw new NullPointerException();
3862 >        return new ReduceKeysTask<K,V>
3863 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
3864 >             null, reducer).invoke();
3865      }
3866  
3867      /**
3868 <     * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this map maps one or more keys to the
3869 <     * specified value. Note: This method requires a full internal
3870 <     * traversal of the hash table, and so is much slower than
609 <     * method <tt>containsKey</tt>.
3868 >     * Returns the result of accumulating the given transformation
3869 >     * of all keys using the given reducer to combine values, or
3870 >     * null if none.
3871       *
3872 <     * @param value value whose presence in this map is to be tested.
3873 <     * @return <tt>true</tt> if this map maps one or more keys to the
3874 <     * specified value.  
3875 <     * @exception  NullPointerException  if the value is <code>null</code>.
3872 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
3873 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
3874 >     * @param transformer a function returning the transformation
3875 >     * for an element, or null if there is no transformation (in
3876 >     * which case it is not combined)
3877 >     * @param reducer a commutative associative combining function
3878 >     * @param <U> the return type of the transformer
3879 >     * @return the result of accumulating the given transformation
3880 >     * of all keys
3881 >     * @since 1.8
3882       */
3883 <    public boolean containsValue(Object value) {
3884 <        if (value == null)
3883 >    public <U> U reduceKeys(long parallelismThreshold,
3884 >                            Function<? super K, ? extends U> transformer,
3885 >         BiFunction<? super U, ? super U, ? extends U> reducer) {
3886 >        if (transformer == null || reducer == null)
3887              throw new NullPointerException();
3888 <
3889 <        for (int i = 0; i < segments.length; ++i) {
3890 <            if (segments[i].containsValue(value))
622 <                return true;
623 <        }
624 <        return false;
3888 >        return new MapReduceKeysTask<K,V,U>
3889 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
3890 >             null, transformer, reducer).invoke();
3891      }
3892 +
3893      /**
3894 <     * Tests if some key maps into the specified value in this table.
3895 <     * This operation is more expensive than the <code>containsKey</code>
3896 <     * method.<p>
3897 <     *
3898 <     * Note that this method is identical in functionality to containsValue,
3899 <     * (which is part of the Map interface in the collections framework).
3900 <     *
3901 <     * @param      value   a value to search for.
3902 <     * @return     <code>true</code> if and only if some key maps to the
3903 <     *             <code>value</code> argument in this table as
3904 <     *             determined by the <tt>equals</tt> method;
3905 <     *             <code>false</code> otherwise.
3906 <     * @exception  NullPointerException  if the value is <code>null</code>.
640 <     * @see        #containsKey(Object)
641 <     * @see        #containsValue(Object)
642 <     * @see        Map
3894 >     * Returns the result of accumulating the given transformation
3895 >     * of all keys using the given reducer to combine values, and
3896 >     * the given basis as an identity value.
3897 >     *
3898 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
3899 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
3900 >     * @param transformer a function returning the transformation
3901 >     * for an element
3902 >     * @param basis the identity (initial default value) for the reduction
3903 >     * @param reducer a commutative associative combining function
3904 >     * @return the result of accumulating the given transformation
3905 >     * of all keys
3906 >     * @since 1.8
3907       */
3908 <    public boolean contains(Object value) {
3909 <        return containsValue(value);
3908 >    public double reduceKeysToDouble(long parallelismThreshold,
3909 >                                     ToDoubleFunction<? super K> transformer,
3910 >                                     double basis,
3911 >                                     DoubleBinaryOperator reducer) {
3912 >        if (transformer == null || reducer == null)
3913 >            throw new NullPointerException();
3914 >        return new MapReduceKeysToDoubleTask<K,V>
3915 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
3916 >             null, transformer, basis, reducer).invoke();
3917      }
3918  
3919      /**
3920 <     * Maps the specified <code>key</code> to the specified
3921 <     * <code>value</code> in this table. Neither the key nor the
3922 <     * value can be <code>null</code>. <p>
3923 <     *
3924 <     * The value can be retrieved by calling the <code>get</code> method
3925 <     * with a key that is equal to the original key.
3926 <     *
3927 <     * @param      key     the table key.
3928 <     * @param      value   the value.
3929 <     * @return     the previous value of the specified key in this table,
3930 <     *             or <code>null</code> if it did not have one.
3931 <     * @exception  NullPointerException  if the key or value is
3932 <     *               <code>null</code>.
3933 <     * @see     Object#equals(Object)
3934 <     * @see     #get(Object)
3935 <     */
3936 <    public V put(K key, V value) {
3937 <        if (value == null)
3938 <            throw new NullPointerException();
3939 <        int hash = hash(key);
3940 <        return segmentFor(hash).put(key, segmentHashFor(hash), value, false);
3920 >     * Returns the result of accumulating the given transformation
3921 >     * of all keys using the given reducer to combine values, and
3922 >     * the given basis as an identity value.
3923 >     *
3924 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
3925 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
3926 >     * @param transformer a function returning the transformation
3927 >     * for an element
3928 >     * @param basis the identity (initial default value) for the reduction
3929 >     * @param reducer a commutative associative combining function
3930 >     * @return the result of accumulating the given transformation
3931 >     * of all keys
3932 >     * @since 1.8
3933 >     */
3934 >    public long reduceKeysToLong(long parallelismThreshold,
3935 >                                 ToLongFunction<? super K> transformer,
3936 >                                 long basis,
3937 >                                 LongBinaryOperator reducer) {
3938 >        if (transformer == null || reducer == null)
3939 >            throw new NullPointerException();
3940 >        return new MapReduceKeysToLongTask<K,V>
3941 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
3942 >             null, transformer, basis, reducer).invoke();
3943      }
3944  
3945      /**
3946 <     * If the specified key is not already associated
3947 <     * with a value, associate it with the given value.
3948 <     * This is equivalent to
3949 <     * <pre>
3950 <     *   if (!map.containsKey(key)) map.put(key, value);
3951 <     *   return get(key);
3952 <     * </pre>
3953 <     * Except that the action is performed atomically.
3954 <     * @param key key with which the specified value is to be associated.
3955 <     * @param value value to be associated with the specified key.
3956 <     * @return previous value associated with specified key, or <tt>null</tt>
3957 <     *         if there was no mapping for key.  A <tt>null</tt> return can
3958 <     *         also indicate that the map previously associated <tt>null</tt>
3959 <     *         with the specified key, if the implementation supports
3960 <     *         <tt>null</tt> values.
3961 <     *
3962 <     * @throws NullPointerException this map does not permit <tt>null</tt>
3963 <     *            keys or values, and the specified key or value is
3964 <     *            <tt>null</tt>.
692 <     *
693 <     **/
694 <    public V putIfAbsent(K key, V value) {
695 <        if (value == null)
3946 >     * Returns the result of accumulating the given transformation
3947 >     * of all keys using the given reducer to combine values, and
3948 >     * the given basis as an identity value.
3949 >     *
3950 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
3951 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
3952 >     * @param transformer a function returning the transformation
3953 >     * for an element
3954 >     * @param basis the identity (initial default value) for the reduction
3955 >     * @param reducer a commutative associative combining function
3956 >     * @return the result of accumulating the given transformation
3957 >     * of all keys
3958 >     * @since 1.8
3959 >     */
3960 >    public int reduceKeysToInt(long parallelismThreshold,
3961 >                               ToIntFunction<? super K> transformer,
3962 >                               int basis,
3963 >                               IntBinaryOperator reducer) {
3964 >        if (transformer == null || reducer == null)
3965              throw new NullPointerException();
3966 <        int hash = hash(key);
3967 <        return segmentFor(hash).put(key, segmentHashFor(hash), value, true);
3966 >        return new MapReduceKeysToIntTask<K,V>
3967 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
3968 >             null, transformer, basis, reducer).invoke();
3969      }
3970  
3971 +    /**
3972 +     * Performs the given action for each value.
3973 +     *
3974 +     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
3975 +     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
3976 +     * @param action the action
3977 +     * @since 1.8
3978 +     */
3979 +    public void forEachValue(long parallelismThreshold,
3980 +                             Consumer<? super V> action) {
3981 +        if (action == null)
3982 +            throw new NullPointerException();
3983 +        new ForEachValueTask<K,V>
3984 +            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
3985 +             action).invoke();
3986 +    }
3987  
3988      /**
3989 <     * Copies all of the mappings from the specified map to this one.
3989 >     * Performs the given action for each non-null transformation
3990 >     * of each value.
3991       *
3992 <     * These mappings replace any mappings that this map had for any of the
3993 <     * keys currently in the specified Map.
3992 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
3993 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
3994 >     * @param transformer a function returning the transformation
3995 >     * for an element, or null if there is no transformation (in
3996 >     * which case the action is not applied)
3997 >     * @param action the action
3998 >     * @param <U> the return type of the transformer
3999 >     * @since 1.8
4000 >     */
4001 >    public <U> void forEachValue(long parallelismThreshold,
4002 >                                 Function<? super V, ? extends U> transformer,
4003 >                                 Consumer<? super U> action) {
4004 >        if (transformer == null || action == null)
4005 >            throw new NullPointerException();
4006 >        new ForEachTransformedValueTask<K,V,U>
4007 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
4008 >             transformer, action).invoke();
4009 >    }
4010 >
4011 >    /**
4012 >     * Returns a non-null result from applying the given search
4013 >     * function on each value, or null if none.  Upon success,
4014 >     * further element processing is suppressed and the results of
4015 >     * any other parallel invocations of the search function are
4016 >     * ignored.
4017       *
4018 <     * @param t Mappings to be stored in this map.
4018 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
4019 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
4020 >     * @param searchFunction a function returning a non-null
4021 >     * result on success, else null
4022 >     * @param <U> the return type of the search function
4023 >     * @return a non-null result from applying the given search
4024 >     * function on each value, or null if none
4025 >     * @since 1.8
4026       */
4027 <    public <K1 extends K, V1 extends V> void putAll(Map<K1,V1> t) {
4028 <        Iterator<Map.Entry<K1,V1>> it = t.entrySet().iterator();
4029 <        while (it.hasNext()) {
4030 <            Entry<K,V> e = (Entry) it.next();
4031 <            put(e.getKey(), e.getValue());
4032 <        }
4027 >    public <U> U searchValues(long parallelismThreshold,
4028 >                              Function<? super V, ? extends U> searchFunction) {
4029 >        if (searchFunction == null) throw new NullPointerException();
4030 >        return new SearchValuesTask<K,V,U>
4031 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
4032 >             searchFunction, new AtomicReference<U>()).invoke();
4033      }
4034  
4035      /**
4036 <     * Removes the key (and its corresponding value) from this
4037 <     * table. This method does nothing if the key is not in the table.
4036 >     * Returns the result of accumulating all values using the
4037 >     * given reducer to combine values, or null if none.
4038       *
4039 <     * @param   key   the key that needs to be removed.
4040 <     * @return  the value to which the key had been mapped in this table,
4041 <     *          or <code>null</code> if the key did not have a mapping.
4042 <     * @exception  NullPointerException  if the key is
4043 <     *               <code>null</code>.
4039 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
4040 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
4041 >     * @param reducer a commutative associative combining function
4042 >     * @return the result of accumulating all values
4043 >     * @since 1.8
4044       */
4045 <    public V remove(Object key) {
4046 <        int hash = hash(key);
4047 <        return segmentFor(hash).remove(key, segmentHashFor(hash), null);
4045 >    public V reduceValues(long parallelismThreshold,
4046 >                          BiFunction<? super V, ? super V, ? extends V> reducer) {
4047 >        if (reducer == null) throw new NullPointerException();
4048 >        return new ReduceValuesTask<K,V>
4049 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
4050 >             null, reducer).invoke();
4051      }
4052  
4053      /**
4054 <     * Removes the (key, value) pair from this
4055 <     * table. This method does nothing if the key is not in the table,
4056 <     * or if the key is associated with a different value.
4054 >     * Returns the result of accumulating the given transformation
4055 >     * of all values using the given reducer to combine values, or
4056 >     * null if none.
4057       *
4058 <     * @param   key   the key that needs to be removed.
4059 <     * @param   value   the associated value. If the value is null,
4060 <     *                   it means "any value".
4061 <     * @return  the value to which the key had been mapped in this table,
4062 <     *          or <code>null</code> if the key did not have a mapping.
4063 <     * @exception  NullPointerException  if the key is
4064 <     *               <code>null</code>.
4058 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
4059 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
4060 >     * @param transformer a function returning the transformation
4061 >     * for an element, or null if there is no transformation (in
4062 >     * which case it is not combined)
4063 >     * @param reducer a commutative associative combining function
4064 >     * @param <U> the return type of the transformer
4065 >     * @return the result of accumulating the given transformation
4066 >     * of all values
4067 >     * @since 1.8
4068       */
4069 <    public V remove(Object key, Object value) {
4070 <        int hash = hash(key);
4071 <        return segmentFor(hash).remove(key, segmentHashFor(hash), value);
4069 >    public <U> U reduceValues(long parallelismThreshold,
4070 >                              Function<? super V, ? extends U> transformer,
4071 >                              BiFunction<? super U, ? super U, ? extends U> reducer) {
4072 >        if (transformer == null || reducer == null)
4073 >            throw new NullPointerException();
4074 >        return new MapReduceValuesTask<K,V,U>
4075 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
4076 >             null, transformer, reducer).invoke();
4077      }
4078  
4079      /**
4080 <     * Removes all mappings from this map.
4080 >     * Returns the result of accumulating the given transformation
4081 >     * of all values using the given reducer to combine values,
4082 >     * and the given basis as an identity value.
4083 >     *
4084 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
4085 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
4086 >     * @param transformer a function returning the transformation
4087 >     * for an element
4088 >     * @param basis the identity (initial default value) for the reduction
4089 >     * @param reducer a commutative associative combining function
4090 >     * @return the result of accumulating the given transformation
4091 >     * of all values
4092 >     * @since 1.8
4093       */
4094 <    public void clear() {
4095 <        for (int i = 0; i < segments.length; ++i)
4096 <            segments[i].clear();
4094 >    public double reduceValuesToDouble(long parallelismThreshold,
4095 >                                       ToDoubleFunction<? super V> transformer,
4096 >                                       double basis,
4097 >                                       DoubleBinaryOperator reducer) {
4098 >        if (transformer == null || reducer == null)
4099 >            throw new NullPointerException();
4100 >        return new MapReduceValuesToDoubleTask<K,V>
4101 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
4102 >             null, transformer, basis, reducer).invoke();
4103      }
4104  
4105 +    /**
4106 +     * Returns the result of accumulating the given transformation
4107 +     * of all values using the given reducer to combine values,
4108 +     * and the given basis as an identity value.
4109 +     *
4110 +     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
4111 +     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
4112 +     * @param transformer a function returning the transformation
4113 +     * for an element
4114 +     * @param basis the identity (initial default value) for the reduction
4115 +     * @param reducer a commutative associative combining function
4116 +     * @return the result of accumulating the given transformation
4117 +     * of all values
4118 +     * @since 1.8
4119 +     */
4120 +    public long reduceValuesToLong(long parallelismThreshold,
4121 +                                   ToLongFunction<? super V> transformer,
4122 +                                   long basis,
4123 +                                   LongBinaryOperator reducer) {
4124 +        if (transformer == null || reducer == null)
4125 +            throw new NullPointerException();
4126 +        return new MapReduceValuesToLongTask<K,V>
4127 +            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
4128 +             null, transformer, basis, reducer).invoke();
4129 +    }
4130  
4131      /**
4132 <     * Returns a shallow copy of this
4133 <     * <tt>ConcurrentHashMap</tt> instance: the keys and
4134 <     * values themselves are not cloned.
4132 >     * Returns the result of accumulating the given transformation
4133 >     * of all values using the given reducer to combine values,
4134 >     * and the given basis as an identity value.
4135       *
4136 <     * @return a shallow copy of this map.
4136 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
4137 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
4138 >     * @param transformer a function returning the transformation
4139 >     * for an element
4140 >     * @param basis the identity (initial default value) for the reduction
4141 >     * @param reducer a commutative associative combining function
4142 >     * @return the result of accumulating the given transformation
4143 >     * of all values
4144 >     * @since 1.8
4145       */
4146 <    public Object clone() {
4147 <        // We cannot call super.clone, since it would share final
4148 <        // segments array, and there's no way to reassign finals.
4146 >    public int reduceValuesToInt(long parallelismThreshold,
4147 >                                 ToIntFunction<? super V> transformer,
4148 >                                 int basis,
4149 >                                 IntBinaryOperator reducer) {
4150 >        if (transformer == null || reducer == null)
4151 >            throw new NullPointerException();
4152 >        return new MapReduceValuesToIntTask<K,V>
4153 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
4154 >             null, transformer, basis, reducer).invoke();
4155 >    }
4156  
4157 <        float lf = segments[0].loadFactor;
4158 <        int segs = segments.length;
4159 <        int cap = (int)(size() / lf);
4160 <        if (cap < segs) cap = segs;
4161 <        ConcurrentHashMap t = new ConcurrentHashMap(cap, lf, segs);
4162 <        t.putAll(this);
4163 <        return t;
4157 >    /**
4158 >     * Performs the given action for each entry.
4159 >     *
4160 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
4161 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
4162 >     * @param action the action
4163 >     * @since 1.8
4164 >     */
4165 >    public void forEachEntry(long parallelismThreshold,
4166 >                             Consumer<? super Map.Entry<K,V>> action) {
4167 >        if (action == null) throw new NullPointerException();
4168 >        new ForEachEntryTask<K,V>(null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
4169 >                                  action).invoke();
4170      }
4171  
4172      /**
4173 <     * Returns a set view of the keys contained in this map.  The set is
4174 <     * backed by the map, so changes to the map are reflected in the set, and
783 <     * vice-versa.  The set supports element removal, which removes the
784 <     * corresponding mapping from this map, via the <tt>Iterator.remove</tt>,
785 <     * <tt>Set.remove</tt>, <tt>removeAll</tt>, <tt>retainAll</tt>, and
786 <     * <tt>clear</tt> operations.  It does not support the <tt>add</tt> or
787 <     * <tt>addAll</tt> operations.
4173 >     * Performs the given action for each non-null transformation
4174 >     * of each entry.
4175       *
4176 <     * @return a set view of the keys contained in this map.
4176 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
4177 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
4178 >     * @param transformer a function returning the transformation
4179 >     * for an element, or null if there is no transformation (in
4180 >     * which case the action is not applied)
4181 >     * @param action the action
4182 >     * @param <U> the return type of the transformer
4183 >     * @since 1.8
4184       */
4185 <    public Set<K> keySet() {
4186 <        Set<K> ks = keySet;
4187 <        return (ks != null)? ks : (keySet = new KeySet());
4185 >    public <U> void forEachEntry(long parallelismThreshold,
4186 >                                 Function<Map.Entry<K,V>, ? extends U> transformer,
4187 >                                 Consumer<? super U> action) {
4188 >        if (transformer == null || action == null)
4189 >            throw new NullPointerException();
4190 >        new ForEachTransformedEntryTask<K,V,U>
4191 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
4192 >             transformer, action).invoke();
4193      }
4194  
4195 +    /**
4196 +     * Returns a non-null result from applying the given search
4197 +     * function on each entry, or null if none.  Upon success,
4198 +     * further element processing is suppressed and the results of
4199 +     * any other parallel invocations of the search function are
4200 +     * ignored.
4201 +     *
4202 +     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
4203 +     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
4204 +     * @param searchFunction a function returning a non-null
4205 +     * result on success, else null
4206 +     * @param <U> the return type of the search function
4207 +     * @return a non-null result from applying the given search
4208 +     * function on each entry, or null if none
4209 +     * @since 1.8
4210 +     */
4211 +    public <U> U searchEntries(long parallelismThreshold,
4212 +                               Function<Map.Entry<K,V>, ? extends U> searchFunction) {
4213 +        if (searchFunction == null) throw new NullPointerException();
4214 +        return new SearchEntriesTask<K,V,U>
4215 +            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
4216 +             searchFunction, new AtomicReference<U>()).invoke();
4217 +    }
4218  
4219      /**
4220 <     * Returns a collection view of the values contained in this map.  The
4221 <     * collection is backed by the map, so changes to the map are reflected in
800 <     * the collection, and vice-versa.  The collection supports element
801 <     * removal, which removes the corresponding mapping from this map, via the
802 <     * <tt>Iterator.remove</tt>, <tt>Collection.remove</tt>,
803 <     * <tt>removeAll</tt>, <tt>retainAll</tt>, and <tt>clear</tt> operations.
804 <     * It does not support the <tt>add</tt> or <tt>addAll</tt> operations.
4220 >     * Returns the result of accumulating all entries using the
4221 >     * given reducer to combine values, or null if none.
4222       *
4223 <     * @return a collection view of the values contained in this map.
4223 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
4224 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
4225 >     * @param reducer a commutative associative combining function
4226 >     * @return the result of accumulating all entries
4227 >     * @since 1.8
4228       */
4229 <    public Collection<V> values() {
4230 <        Collection<V> vs = values;
4231 <        return (vs != null)? vs : (values = new Values());
4229 >    public Map.Entry<K,V> reduceEntries(long parallelismThreshold,
4230 >                                        BiFunction<Map.Entry<K,V>, Map.Entry<K,V>, ? extends Map.Entry<K,V>> reducer) {
4231 >        if (reducer == null) throw new NullPointerException();
4232 >        return new ReduceEntriesTask<K,V>
4233 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
4234 >             null, reducer).invoke();
4235      }
4236  
4237 +    /**
4238 +     * Returns the result of accumulating the given transformation
4239 +     * of all entries using the given reducer to combine values,
4240 +     * or null if none.
4241 +     *
4242 +     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
4243 +     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
4244 +     * @param transformer a function returning the transformation
4245 +     * for an element, or null if there is no transformation (in
4246 +     * which case it is not combined)
4247 +     * @param reducer a commutative associative combining function
4248 +     * @param <U> the return type of the transformer
4249 +     * @return the result of accumulating the given transformation
4250 +     * of all entries
4251 +     * @since 1.8
4252 +     */
4253 +    public <U> U reduceEntries(long parallelismThreshold,
4254 +                               Function<Map.Entry<K,V>, ? extends U> transformer,
4255 +                               BiFunction<? super U, ? super U, ? extends U> reducer) {
4256 +        if (transformer == null || reducer == null)
4257 +            throw new NullPointerException();
4258 +        return new MapReduceEntriesTask<K,V,U>
4259 +            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
4260 +             null, transformer, reducer).invoke();
4261 +    }
4262  
4263      /**
4264 <     * Returns a collection view of the mappings contained in this map.  Each
4265 <     * element in the returned collection is a <tt>Map.Entry</tt>.  The
4266 <     * collection is backed by the map, so changes to the map are reflected in
818 <     * the collection, and vice-versa.  The collection supports element
819 <     * removal, which removes the corresponding mapping from the map, via the
820 <     * <tt>Iterator.remove</tt>, <tt>Collection.remove</tt>,
821 <     * <tt>removeAll</tt>, <tt>retainAll</tt>, and <tt>clear</tt> operations.
822 <     * It does not support the <tt>add</tt> or <tt>addAll</tt> operations.
4264 >     * Returns the result of accumulating the given transformation
4265 >     * of all entries using the given reducer to combine values,
4266 >     * and the given basis as an identity value.
4267       *
4268 <     * @return a collection view of the mappings contained in this map.
4268 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
4269 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
4270 >     * @param transformer a function returning the transformation
4271 >     * for an element
4272 >     * @param basis the identity (initial default value) for the reduction
4273 >     * @param reducer a commutative associative combining function
4274 >     * @return the result of accumulating the given transformation
4275 >     * of all entries
4276 >     * @since 1.8
4277       */
4278 <    public Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet() {
4279 <        Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> es = entrySet;
4280 <        return (es != null) ? es : (entrySet = new EntrySet());
4278 >    public double reduceEntriesToDouble(long parallelismThreshold,
4279 >                                        ToDoubleFunction<Map.Entry<K,V>> transformer,
4280 >                                        double basis,
4281 >                                        DoubleBinaryOperator reducer) {
4282 >        if (transformer == null || reducer == null)
4283 >            throw new NullPointerException();
4284 >        return new MapReduceEntriesToDoubleTask<K,V>
4285 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
4286 >             null, transformer, basis, reducer).invoke();
4287      }
4288  
4289 +    /**
4290 +     * Returns the result of accumulating the given transformation
4291 +     * of all entries using the given reducer to combine values,
4292 +     * and the given basis as an identity value.
4293 +     *
4294 +     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
4295 +     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
4296 +     * @param transformer a function returning the transformation
4297 +     * for an element
4298 +     * @param basis the identity (initial default value) for the reduction
4299 +     * @param reducer a commutative associative combining function
4300 +     * @return the result of accumulating the given transformation
4301 +     * of all entries
4302 +     * @since 1.8
4303 +     */
4304 +    public long reduceEntriesToLong(long parallelismThreshold,
4305 +                                    ToLongFunction<Map.Entry<K,V>> transformer,
4306 +                                    long basis,
4307 +                                    LongBinaryOperator reducer) {
4308 +        if (transformer == null || reducer == null)
4309 +            throw new NullPointerException();
4310 +        return new MapReduceEntriesToLongTask<K,V>
4311 +            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
4312 +             null, transformer, basis, reducer).invoke();
4313 +    }
4314  
4315      /**
4316 <     * Returns an enumeration of the keys in this table.
4316 >     * Returns the result of accumulating the given transformation
4317 >     * of all entries using the given reducer to combine values,
4318 >     * and the given basis as an identity value.
4319       *
4320 <     * @return  an enumeration of the keys in this table.
4321 <     * @see     Enumeration
4322 <     * @see     #elements()
4323 <     * @see     #keySet()
4324 <     * @see     Map
4320 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
4321 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
4322 >     * @param transformer a function returning the transformation
4323 >     * for an element
4324 >     * @param basis the identity (initial default value) for the reduction
4325 >     * @param reducer a commutative associative combining function
4326 >     * @return the result of accumulating the given transformation
4327 >     * of all entries
4328 >     * @since 1.8
4329       */
4330 <    public Enumeration<K> keys() {
4331 <        return new KeyIterator();
4330 >    public int reduceEntriesToInt(long parallelismThreshold,
4331 >                                  ToIntFunction<Map.Entry<K,V>> transformer,
4332 >                                  int basis,
4333 >                                  IntBinaryOperator reducer) {
4334 >        if (transformer == null || reducer == null)
4335 >            throw new NullPointerException();
4336 >        return new MapReduceEntriesToIntTask<K,V>
4337 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
4338 >             null, transformer, basis, reducer).invoke();
4339      }
4340  
4341 +
4342 +    /* ----------------Views -------------- */
4343 +
4344      /**
4345 <     * Returns an enumeration of the values in this table.
4346 <     * Use the Enumeration methods on the returned object to fetch the elements
4347 <     * sequentially.
4345 >     * Base class for views.
4346 >     */
4347 >    abstract static class CollectionView<K,V,E>
4348 >        implements Collection<E>, java.io.Serializable {
4349 >        private static final long serialVersionUID = 7249069246763182397L;
4350 >        final ConcurrentHashMap<K,V> map;
4351 >        CollectionView(ConcurrentHashMap<K,V> map)  { this.map = map; }
4352 >
4353 >        /**
4354 >         * Returns the map backing this view.
4355 >         *
4356 >         * @return the map backing this view
4357 >         */
4358 >        public ConcurrentHashMap<K,V> getMap() { return map; }
4359 >
4360 >        /**
4361 >         * Removes all of the elements from this view, by removing all
4362 >         * the mappings from the map backing this view.
4363 >         */
4364 >        public final void clear()      { map.clear(); }
4365 >        public final int size()        { return map.size(); }
4366 >        public final boolean isEmpty() { return map.isEmpty(); }
4367 >
4368 >        // implementations below rely on concrete classes supplying these
4369 >        // abstract methods
4370 >        /**
4371 >         * Returns an iterator over the elements in this collection.
4372 >         *
4373 >         * <p>The returned iterator is
4374 >         * <a href="package-summary.html#Weakly"><i>weakly consistent</i></a>.
4375 >         *
4376 >         * @return an iterator over the elements in this collection
4377 >         */
4378 >        public abstract Iterator<E> iterator();
4379 >        public abstract boolean contains(Object o);
4380 >        public abstract boolean remove(Object o);
4381 >
4382 >        private static final String oomeMsg = "Required array size too large";
4383 >
4384 >        public final Object[] toArray() {
4385 >            long sz = map.mappingCount();
4386 >            if (sz > MAX_ARRAY_SIZE)
4387 >                throw new OutOfMemoryError(oomeMsg);
4388 >            int n = (int)sz;
4389 >            Object[] r = new Object[n];
4390 >            int i = 0;
4391 >            for (E e : this) {
4392 >                if (i == n) {
4393 >                    if (n >= MAX_ARRAY_SIZE)
4394 >                        throw new OutOfMemoryError(oomeMsg);
4395 >                    if (n >= MAX_ARRAY_SIZE - (MAX_ARRAY_SIZE >>> 1) - 1)
4396 >                        n = MAX_ARRAY_SIZE;
4397 >                    else
4398 >                        n += (n >>> 1) + 1;
4399 >                    r = Arrays.copyOf(r, n);
4400 >                }
4401 >                r[i++] = e;
4402 >            }
4403 >            return (i == n) ? r : Arrays.copyOf(r, i);
4404 >        }
4405 >
4406 >        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
4407 >        public final <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) {
4408 >            long sz = map.mappingCount();
4409 >            if (sz > MAX_ARRAY_SIZE)
4410 >                throw new OutOfMemoryError(oomeMsg);
4411 >            int m = (int)sz;
4412 >            T[] r = (a.length >= m) ? a :
4413 >                (T[])java.lang.reflect.Array
4414 >                .newInstance(a.getClass().getComponentType(), m);
4415 >            int n = r.length;
4416 >            int i = 0;
4417 >            for (E e : this) {
4418 >                if (i == n) {
4419 >                    if (n >= MAX_ARRAY_SIZE)
4420 >                        throw new OutOfMemoryError(oomeMsg);
4421 >                    if (n >= MAX_ARRAY_SIZE - (MAX_ARRAY_SIZE >>> 1) - 1)
4422 >                        n = MAX_ARRAY_SIZE;
4423 >                    else
4424 >                        n += (n >>> 1) + 1;
4425 >                    r = Arrays.copyOf(r, n);
4426 >                }
4427 >                r[i++] = (T)e;
4428 >            }
4429 >            if (a == r && i < n) {
4430 >                r[i] = null; // null-terminate
4431 >                return r;
4432 >            }
4433 >            return (i == n) ? r : Arrays.copyOf(r, i);
4434 >        }
4435 >
4436 >        /**
4437 >         * Returns a string representation of this collection.
4438 >         * The string representation consists of the string representations
4439 >         * of the collection's elements in the order they are returned by
4440 >         * its iterator, enclosed in square brackets ({@code "[]"}).
4441 >         * Adjacent elements are separated by the characters {@code ", "}
4442 >         * (comma and space).  Elements are converted to strings as by
4443 >         * {@link String#valueOf(Object)}.
4444 >         *
4445 >         * @return a string representation of this collection
4446 >         */
4447 >        public final String toString() {
4448 >            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
4449 >            sb.append('[');
4450 >            Iterator<E> it = iterator();
4451 >            if (it.hasNext()) {
4452 >                for (;;) {
4453 >                    Object e = it.next();
4454 >                    sb.append(e == this ? "(this Collection)" : e);
4455 >                    if (!it.hasNext())
4456 >                        break;
4457 >                    sb.append(',').append(' ');
4458 >                }
4459 >            }
4460 >            return sb.append(']').toString();
4461 >        }
4462 >
4463 >        public final boolean containsAll(Collection<?> c) {
4464 >            if (c != this) {
4465 >                for (Object e : c) {
4466 >                    if (e == null || !contains(e))
4467 >                        return false;
4468 >                }
4469 >            }
4470 >            return true;
4471 >        }
4472 >
4473 >        public final boolean removeAll(Collection<?> c) {
4474 >            if (c == null) throw new NullPointerException();
4475 >            boolean modified = false;
4476 >            for (Iterator<E> it = iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
4477 >                if (c.contains(it.next())) {
4478 >                    it.remove();
4479 >                    modified = true;
4480 >                }
4481 >            }
4482 >            return modified;
4483 >        }
4484 >
4485 >        public final boolean retainAll(Collection<?> c) {
4486 >            if (c == null) throw new NullPointerException();
4487 >            boolean modified = false;
4488 >            for (Iterator<E> it = iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
4489 >                if (!c.contains(it.next())) {
4490 >                    it.remove();
4491 >                    modified = true;
4492 >                }
4493 >            }
4494 >            return modified;
4495 >        }
4496 >
4497 >    }
4498 >
4499 >    /**
4500 >     * A view of a ConcurrentHashMap as a {@link Set} of keys, in
4501 >     * which additions may optionally be enabled by mapping to a
4502 >     * common value.  This class cannot be directly instantiated.
4503 >     * See {@link #keySet() keySet()},
4504 >     * {@link #keySet(Object) keySet(V)},
4505 >     * {@link #newKeySet() newKeySet()},
4506 >     * {@link #newKeySet(int) newKeySet(int)}.
4507       *
4508 <     * @return  an enumeration of the values in this table.
851 <     * @see     java.util.Enumeration
852 <     * @see     #keys()
853 <     * @see     #values()
854 <     * @see     Map
4508 >     * @since 1.8
4509       */
4510 <    public Enumeration<V> elements() {
4511 <        return new ValueIterator();
4510 >    public static class KeySetView<K,V> extends CollectionView<K,V,K>
4511 >        implements Set<K>, java.io.Serializable {
4512 >        private static final long serialVersionUID = 7249069246763182397L;
4513 >        private final V value;
4514 >        KeySetView(ConcurrentHashMap<K,V> map, V value) {  // non-public
4515 >            super(map);
4516 >            this.value = value;
4517 >        }
4518 >
4519 >        /**
4520 >         * Returns the default mapped value for additions,
4521 >         * or {@code null} if additions are not supported.
4522 >         *
4523 >         * @return the default mapped value for additions, or {@code null}
4524 >         * if not supported
4525 >         */
4526 >        public V getMappedValue() { return value; }
4527 >
4528 >        /**
4529 >         * {@inheritDoc}
4530 >         * @throws NullPointerException if the specified key is null
4531 >         */
4532 >        public boolean contains(Object o) { return map.containsKey(o); }
4533 >
4534 >        /**
4535 >         * Removes the key from this map view, by removing the key (and its
4536 >         * corresponding value) from the backing map.  This method does
4537 >         * nothing if the key is not in the map.
4538 >         *
4539 >         * @param  o the key to be removed from the backing map
4540 >         * @return {@code true} if the backing map contained the specified key
4541 >         * @throws NullPointerException if the specified key is null
4542 >         */
4543 >        public boolean remove(Object o) { return map.remove(o) != null; }
4544 >
4545 >        /**
4546 >         * @return an iterator over the keys of the backing map
4547 >         */
4548 >        public Iterator<K> iterator() {
4549 >            Node<K,V>[] t;
4550 >            ConcurrentHashMap<K,V> m = map;
4551 >            int f = (t = m.table) == null ? 0 : t.length;
4552 >            return new KeyIterator<K,V>(t, f, 0, f, m);
4553 >        }
4554 >
4555 >        /**
4556 >         * Adds the specified key to this set view by mapping the key to
4557 >         * the default mapped value in the backing map, if defined.
4558 >         *
4559 >         * @param e key to be added
4560 >         * @return {@code true} if this set changed as a result of the call
4561 >         * @throws NullPointerException if the specified key is null
4562 >         * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if no default mapped value
4563 >         * for additions was provided
4564 >         */
4565 >        public boolean add(K e) {
4566 >            V v;
4567 >            if ((v = value) == null)
4568 >                throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
4569 >            return map.putVal(e, v, true) == null;
4570 >        }
4571 >
4572 >        /**
4573 >         * Adds all of the elements in the specified collection to this set,
4574 >         * as if by calling {@link #add} on each one.
4575 >         *
4576 >         * @param c the elements to be inserted into this set
4577 >         * @return {@code true} if this set changed as a result of the call
4578 >         * @throws NullPointerException if the collection or any of its
4579 >         * elements are {@code null}
4580 >         * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if no default mapped value
4581 >         * for additions was provided
4582 >         */
4583 >        public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends K> c) {
4584 >            boolean added = false;
4585 >            V v;
4586 >            if ((v = value) == null)
4587 >                throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
4588 >            for (K e : c) {
4589 >                if (map.putVal(e, v, true) == null)
4590 >                    added = true;
4591 >            }
4592 >            return added;
4593 >        }
4594 >
4595 >        public int hashCode() {
4596 >            int h = 0;
4597 >            for (K e : this)
4598 >                h += e.hashCode();
4599 >            return h;
4600 >        }
4601 >
4602 >        public boolean equals(Object o) {
4603 >            Set<?> c;
4604 >            return ((o instanceof Set) &&
4605 >                    ((c = (Set<?>)o) == this ||
4606 >                     (containsAll(c) && c.containsAll(this))));
4607 >        }
4608 >
4609 >        public Spliterator<K> spliterator() {
4610 >            Node<K,V>[] t;
4611 >            ConcurrentHashMap<K,V> m = map;
4612 >            long n = m.sumCount();
4613 >            int f = (t = m.table) == null ? 0 : t.length;
4614 >            return new KeySpliterator<K,V>(t, f, 0, f, n < 0L ? 0L : n);
4615 >        }
4616 >
4617 >        public void forEach(Consumer<? super K> action) {
4618 >            if (action == null) throw new NullPointerException();
4619 >            Node<K,V>[] t;
4620 >            if ((t = map.table) != null) {
4621 >                Traverser<K,V> it = new Traverser<K,V>(t, t.length, 0, t.length);
4622 >                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = it.advance()) != null; )
4623 >                    action.accept(p.key);
4624 >            }
4625 >        }
4626      }
4627  
4628 <    /* ---------------- Iterator Support -------------- */
4629 <    
4630 <    private abstract class HashIterator {
4631 <        private int nextSegmentIndex;
4632 <        private int nextTableIndex;
4633 <        private HashEntry<K, V>[] currentTable;
4634 <        private HashEntry<K, V> nextEntry;
4635 <        private HashEntry<K, V> lastReturned;
4636 <
4637 <        private HashIterator() {
4638 <            nextSegmentIndex = segments.length-1;
871 <            nextTableIndex = -1;
872 <            advance();
4628 >    /**
4629 >     * A view of a ConcurrentHashMap as a {@link Collection} of
4630 >     * values, in which additions are disabled. This class cannot be
4631 >     * directly instantiated. See {@link #values()}.
4632 >     */
4633 >    static final class ValuesView<K,V> extends CollectionView<K,V,V>
4634 >        implements Collection<V>, java.io.Serializable {
4635 >        private static final long serialVersionUID = 2249069246763182397L;
4636 >        ValuesView(ConcurrentHashMap<K,V> map) { super(map); }
4637 >        public final boolean contains(Object o) {
4638 >            return map.containsValue(o);
4639          }
4640  
4641 <        public boolean hasMoreElements() { return hasNext(); }
4641 >        public final boolean remove(Object o) {
4642 >            if (o != null) {
4643 >                for (Iterator<V> it = iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
4644 >                    if (o.equals(it.next())) {
4645 >                        it.remove();
4646 >                        return true;
4647 >                    }
4648 >                }
4649 >            }
4650 >            return false;
4651 >        }
4652  
4653 <        private void advance() {
4654 <            if (nextEntry != null && (nextEntry = nextEntry.next) != null)
4655 <                return;
4656 <                
4657 <            while (nextTableIndex >= 0) {
4658 <                if ( (nextEntry = currentTable[nextTableIndex--]) != null)
4659 <                    return;
4653 >        public final Iterator<V> iterator() {
4654 >            ConcurrentHashMap<K,V> m = map;
4655 >            Node<K,V>[] t;
4656 >            int f = (t = m.table) == null ? 0 : t.length;
4657 >            return new ValueIterator<K,V>(t, f, 0, f, m);
4658 >        }
4659 >
4660 >        public final boolean add(V e) {
4661 >            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
4662 >        }
4663 >        public final boolean addAll(Collection<? extends V> c) {
4664 >            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
4665 >        }
4666 >
4667 >        public Spliterator<V> spliterator() {
4668 >            Node<K,V>[] t;
4669 >            ConcurrentHashMap<K,V> m = map;
4670 >            long n = m.sumCount();
4671 >            int f = (t = m.table) == null ? 0 : t.length;
4672 >            return new ValueSpliterator<K,V>(t, f, 0, f, n < 0L ? 0L : n);
4673 >        }
4674 >
4675 >        public void forEach(Consumer<? super V> action) {
4676 >            if (action == null) throw new NullPointerException();
4677 >            Node<K,V>[] t;
4678 >            if ((t = map.table) != null) {
4679 >                Traverser<K,V> it = new Traverser<K,V>(t, t.length, 0, t.length);
4680 >                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = it.advance()) != null; )
4681 >                    action.accept(p.val);
4682              }
4683 <                
4684 <            while (nextSegmentIndex >= 0) {
4685 <                Segment<K,V> seg = segments[nextSegmentIndex--];
4686 <                if (seg.count != 0) {
4687 <                    currentTable = seg.table;
4688 <                    for (int j = currentTable.length-1; j >= 0; --j) {
4689 <                        if ( (nextEntry = currentTable[j]) != null) {
4690 <                            nextTableIndex = j-1;
4691 <                            return;
4692 <                        }
4683 >        }
4684 >    }
4685 >
4686 >    /**
4687 >     * A view of a ConcurrentHashMap as a {@link Set} of (key, value)
4688 >     * entries.  This class cannot be directly instantiated. See
4689 >     * {@link #entrySet()}.
4690 >     */
4691 >    static final class EntrySetView<K,V> extends CollectionView<K,V,Map.Entry<K,V>>
4692 >        implements Set<Map.Entry<K,V>>, java.io.Serializable {
4693 >        private static final long serialVersionUID = 2249069246763182397L;
4694 >        EntrySetView(ConcurrentHashMap<K,V> map) { super(map); }
4695 >
4696 >        public boolean contains(Object o) {
4697 >            Object k, v, r; Map.Entry<?,?> e;
4698 >            return ((o instanceof Map.Entry) &&
4699 >                    (k = (e = (Map.Entry<?,?>)o).getKey()) != null &&
4700 >                    (r = map.get(k)) != null &&
4701 >                    (v = e.getValue()) != null &&
4702 >                    (v == r || v.equals(r)));
4703 >        }
4704 >
4705 >        public boolean remove(Object o) {
4706 >            Object k, v; Map.Entry<?,?> e;
4707 >            return ((o instanceof Map.Entry) &&
4708 >                    (k = (e = (Map.Entry<?,?>)o).getKey()) != null &&
4709 >                    (v = e.getValue()) != null &&
4710 >                    map.remove(k, v));
4711 >        }
4712 >
4713 >        /**
4714 >         * @return an iterator over the entries of the backing map
4715 >         */
4716 >        public Iterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> iterator() {
4717 >            ConcurrentHashMap<K,V> m = map;
4718 >            Node<K,V>[] t;
4719 >            int f = (t = m.table) == null ? 0 : t.length;
4720 >            return new EntryIterator<K,V>(t, f, 0, f, m);
4721 >        }
4722 >
4723 >        public boolean add(Entry<K,V> e) {
4724 >            return map.putVal(e.getKey(), e.getValue(), false) == null;
4725 >        }
4726 >
4727 >        public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends Entry<K,V>> c) {
4728 >            boolean added = false;
4729 >            for (Entry<K,V> e : c) {
4730 >                if (add(e))
4731 >                    added = true;
4732 >            }
4733 >            return added;
4734 >        }
4735 >
4736 >        public final int hashCode() {
4737 >            int h = 0;
4738 >            Node<K,V>[] t;
4739 >            if ((t = map.table) != null) {
4740 >                Traverser<K,V> it = new Traverser<K,V>(t, t.length, 0, t.length);
4741 >                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = it.advance()) != null; ) {
4742 >                    h += p.hashCode();
4743 >                }
4744 >            }
4745 >            return h;
4746 >        }
4747 >
4748 >        public final boolean equals(Object o) {
4749 >            Set<?> c;
4750 >            return ((o instanceof Set) &&
4751 >                    ((c = (Set<?>)o) == this ||
4752 >                     (containsAll(c) && c.containsAll(this))));
4753 >        }
4754 >
4755 >        public Spliterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> spliterator() {
4756 >            Node<K,V>[] t;
4757 >            ConcurrentHashMap<K,V> m = map;
4758 >            long n = m.sumCount();
4759 >            int f = (t = m.table) == null ? 0 : t.length;
4760 >            return new EntrySpliterator<K,V>(t, f, 0, f, n < 0L ? 0L : n, m);
4761 >        }
4762 >
4763 >        public void forEach(Consumer<? super Map.Entry<K,V>> action) {
4764 >            if (action == null) throw new NullPointerException();
4765 >            Node<K,V>[] t;
4766 >            if ((t = map.table) != null) {
4767 >                Traverser<K,V> it = new Traverser<K,V>(t, t.length, 0, t.length);
4768 >                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = it.advance()) != null; )
4769 >                    action.accept(new MapEntry<K,V>(p.key, p.val, map));
4770 >            }
4771 >        }
4772 >
4773 >    }
4774 >
4775 >    // -------------------------------------------------------
4776 >
4777 >    /**
4778 >     * Base class for bulk tasks. Repeats some fields and code from
4779 >     * class Traverser, because we need to subclass CountedCompleter.
4780 >     */
4781 >    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
4782 >    abstract static class BulkTask<K,V,R> extends CountedCompleter<R> {
4783 >        Node<K,V>[] tab;        // same as Traverser
4784 >        Node<K,V> next;
4785 >        TableStack<K,V> stack, spare;
4786 >        int index;
4787 >        int baseIndex;
4788 >        int baseLimit;
4789 >        final int baseSize;
4790 >        int batch;              // split control
4791 >
4792 >        BulkTask(BulkTask<K,V,?> par, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t) {
4793 >            super(par);
4794 >            this.batch = b;
4795 >            this.index = this.baseIndex = i;
4796 >            if ((this.tab = t) == null)
4797 >                this.baseSize = this.baseLimit = 0;
4798 >            else if (par == null)
4799 >                this.baseSize = this.baseLimit = t.length;
4800 >            else {
4801 >                this.baseLimit = f;
4802 >                this.baseSize = par.baseSize;
4803 >            }
4804 >        }
4805 >
4806 >        /**
4807 >         * Same as Traverser version
4808 >         */
4809 >        final Node<K,V> advance() {
4810 >            Node<K,V> e;
4811 >            if ((e = next) != null)
4812 >                e = e.next;
4813 >            for (;;) {
4814 >                Node<K,V>[] t; int i, n;
4815 >                if (e != null)
4816 >                    return next = e;
4817 >                if (baseIndex >= baseLimit || (t = tab) == null ||
4818 >                    (n = t.length) <= (i = index) || i < 0)
4819 >                    return next = null;
4820 >                if ((e = tabAt(t, i)) != null && e.hash < 0) {
4821 >                    if (e instanceof ForwardingNode) {
4822 >                        tab = ((ForwardingNode<K,V>)e).nextTable;
4823 >                        e = null;
4824 >                        pushState(t, i, n);
4825 >                        continue;
4826                      }
4827 +                    else if (e instanceof TreeBin)
4828 +                        e = ((TreeBin<K,V>)e).first;
4829 +                    else
4830 +                        e = null;
4831                  }
4832 +                if (stack != null)
4833 +                    recoverState(n);
4834 +                else if ((index = i + baseSize) >= n)
4835 +                    index = ++baseIndex;
4836              }
4837          }
4838  
4839 <        public boolean hasNext() { return nextEntry != null; }
4839 >        private void pushState(Node<K,V>[] t, int i, int n) {
4840 >            TableStack<K,V> s = spare;
4841 >            if (s != null)
4842 >                spare = s.next;
4843 >            else
4844 >                s = new TableStack<K,V>();
4845 >            s.tab = t;
4846 >            s.length = n;
4847 >            s.index = i;
4848 >            s.next = stack;
4849 >            stack = s;
4850 >        }
4851  
4852 <        HashEntry<K,V> nextEntry() {
4853 <            if (nextEntry == null)
4854 <                throw new NoSuchElementException();
4855 <            lastReturned = nextEntry;
4856 <            advance();
4857 <            return lastReturned;
4852 >        private void recoverState(int n) {
4853 >            TableStack<K,V> s; int len;
4854 >            while ((s = stack) != null && (index += (len = s.length)) >= n) {
4855 >                n = len;
4856 >                index = s.index;
4857 >                tab = s.tab;
4858 >                s.tab = null;
4859 >                TableStack<K,V> next = s.next;
4860 >                s.next = spare; // save for reuse
4861 >                stack = next;
4862 >                spare = s;
4863 >            }
4864 >            if (s == null && (index += baseSize) >= n)
4865 >                index = ++baseIndex;
4866          }
4867 +    }
4868  
4869 <        public void remove() {
4870 <            if (lastReturned == null)
4871 <                throw new IllegalStateException();
4872 <            ConcurrentHashMap.this.remove(lastReturned.key);
4873 <            lastReturned = null;
4869 >    /*
4870 >     * Task classes. Coded in a regular but ugly format/style to
4871 >     * simplify checks that each variant differs in the right way from
4872 >     * others. The null screenings exist because compilers cannot tell
4873 >     * that we've already null-checked task arguments, so we force
4874 >     * simplest hoisted bypass to help avoid convoluted traps.
4875 >     */
4876 >    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
4877 >    static final class ForEachKeyTask<K,V>
4878 >        extends BulkTask<K,V,Void> {
4879 >        final Consumer<? super K> action;
4880 >        ForEachKeyTask
4881 >            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
4882 >             Consumer<? super K> action) {
4883 >            super(p, b, i, f, t);
4884 >            this.action = action;
4885 >        }
4886 >        public final void compute() {
4887 >            final Consumer<? super K> action;
4888 >            if ((action = this.action) != null) {
4889 >                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
4890 >                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
4891 >                    addToPendingCount(1);
4892 >                    new ForEachKeyTask<K,V>
4893 >                        (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
4894 >                         action).fork();
4895 >                }
4896 >                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null;)
4897 >                    action.accept(p.key);
4898 >                propagateCompletion();
4899 >            }
4900          }
4901      }
4902  
4903 <    private class KeyIterator extends HashIterator implements Iterator<K>, Enumeration<K> {
4904 <        public K next() { return super.nextEntry().key; }
4905 <        public K nextElement() { return super.nextEntry().key; }
4903 >    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
4904 >    static final class ForEachValueTask<K,V>
4905 >        extends BulkTask<K,V,Void> {
4906 >        final Consumer<? super V> action;
4907 >        ForEachValueTask
4908 >            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
4909 >             Consumer<? super V> action) {
4910 >            super(p, b, i, f, t);
4911 >            this.action = action;
4912 >        }
4913 >        public final void compute() {
4914 >            final Consumer<? super V> action;
4915 >            if ((action = this.action) != null) {
4916 >                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
4917 >                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
4918 >                    addToPendingCount(1);
4919 >                    new ForEachValueTask<K,V>
4920 >                        (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
4921 >                         action).fork();
4922 >                }
4923 >                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null;)
4924 >                    action.accept(p.val);
4925 >                propagateCompletion();
4926 >            }
4927 >        }
4928      }
4929  
4930 <    private class ValueIterator extends HashIterator implements Iterator<V>, Enumeration<V> {
4931 <        public V next() { return super.nextEntry().value; }
4932 <        public V nextElement() { return super.nextEntry().value; }
4930 >    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
4931 >    static final class ForEachEntryTask<K,V>
4932 >        extends BulkTask<K,V,Void> {
4933 >        final Consumer<? super Entry<K,V>> action;
4934 >        ForEachEntryTask
4935 >            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
4936 >             Consumer<? super Entry<K,V>> action) {
4937 >            super(p, b, i, f, t);
4938 >            this.action = action;
4939 >        }
4940 >        public final void compute() {
4941 >            final Consumer<? super Entry<K,V>> action;
4942 >            if ((action = this.action) != null) {
4943 >                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
4944 >                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
4945 >                    addToPendingCount(1);
4946 >                    new ForEachEntryTask<K,V>
4947 >                        (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
4948 >                         action).fork();
4949 >                }
4950 >                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null; )
4951 >                    action.accept(p);
4952 >                propagateCompletion();
4953 >            }
4954 >        }
4955      }
4956  
4957 <    private class EntryIterator extends HashIterator implements Iterator<Entry<K,V>> {
4958 <        public Map.Entry<K,V> next() { return super.nextEntry(); }
4957 >    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
4958 >    static final class ForEachMappingTask<K,V>
4959 >        extends BulkTask<K,V,Void> {
4960 >        final BiConsumer<? super K, ? super V> action;
4961 >        ForEachMappingTask
4962 >            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
4963 >             BiConsumer<? super K,? super V> action) {
4964 >            super(p, b, i, f, t);
4965 >            this.action = action;
4966 >        }
4967 >        public final void compute() {
4968 >            final BiConsumer<? super K, ? super V> action;
4969 >            if ((action = this.action) != null) {
4970 >                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
4971 >                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
4972 >                    addToPendingCount(1);
4973 >                    new ForEachMappingTask<K,V>
4974 >                        (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
4975 >                         action).fork();
4976 >                }
4977 >                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null; )
4978 >                    action.accept(p.key, p.val);
4979 >                propagateCompletion();
4980 >            }
4981 >        }
4982      }
4983  
4984 <    private class KeySet extends AbstractSet<K> {
4985 <        public Iterator<K> iterator() {
4986 <            return new KeyIterator();
4984 >    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
4985 >    static final class ForEachTransformedKeyTask<K,V,U>
4986 >        extends BulkTask<K,V,Void> {
4987 >        final Function<? super K, ? extends U> transformer;
4988 >        final Consumer<? super U> action;
4989 >        ForEachTransformedKeyTask
4990 >            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
4991 >             Function<? super K, ? extends U> transformer, Consumer<? super U> action) {
4992 >            super(p, b, i, f, t);
4993 >            this.transformer = transformer; this.action = action;
4994          }
4995 <        public int size() {
4996 <            return ConcurrentHashMap.this.size();
4995 >        public final void compute() {
4996 >            final Function<? super K, ? extends U> transformer;
4997 >            final Consumer<? super U> action;
4998 >            if ((transformer = this.transformer) != null &&
4999 >                (action = this.action) != null) {
5000 >                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
5001 >                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
5002 >                    addToPendingCount(1);
5003 >                    new ForEachTransformedKeyTask<K,V,U>
5004 >                        (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
5005 >                         transformer, action).fork();
5006 >                }
5007 >                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null; ) {
5008 >                    U u;
5009 >                    if ((u = transformer.apply(p.key)) != null)
5010 >                        action.accept(u);
5011 >                }
5012 >                propagateCompletion();
5013 >            }
5014          }
5015 <        public boolean contains(Object o) {
5016 <            return ConcurrentHashMap.this.containsKey(o);
5015 >    }
5016 >
5017 >    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
5018 >    static final class ForEachTransformedValueTask<K,V,U>
5019 >        extends BulkTask<K,V,Void> {
5020 >        final Function<? super V, ? extends U> transformer;
5021 >        final Consumer<? super U> action;
5022 >        ForEachTransformedValueTask
5023 >            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
5024 >             Function<? super V, ? extends U> transformer, Consumer<? super U> action) {
5025 >            super(p, b, i, f, t);
5026 >            this.transformer = transformer; this.action = action;
5027          }
5028 <        public boolean remove(Object o) {
5029 <            return ConcurrentHashMap.this.remove(o) != null;
5028 >        public final void compute() {
5029 >            final Function<? super V, ? extends U> transformer;
5030 >            final Consumer<? super U> action;
5031 >            if ((transformer = this.transformer) != null &&
5032 >                (action = this.action) != null) {
5033 >                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
5034 >                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
5035 >                    addToPendingCount(1);
5036 >                    new ForEachTransformedValueTask<K,V,U>
5037 >                        (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
5038 >                         transformer, action).fork();
5039 >                }
5040 >                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null; ) {
5041 >                    U u;
5042 >                    if ((u = transformer.apply(p.val)) != null)
5043 >                        action.accept(u);
5044 >                }
5045 >                propagateCompletion();
5046 >            }
5047          }
5048 <        public void clear() {
5049 <            ConcurrentHashMap.this.clear();
5048 >    }
5049 >
5050 >    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
5051 >    static final class ForEachTransformedEntryTask<K,V,U>
5052 >        extends BulkTask<K,V,Void> {
5053 >        final Function<Map.Entry<K,V>, ? extends U> transformer;
5054 >        final Consumer<? super U> action;
5055 >        ForEachTransformedEntryTask
5056 >            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
5057 >             Function<Map.Entry<K,V>, ? extends U> transformer, Consumer<? super U> action) {
5058 >            super(p, b, i, f, t);
5059 >            this.transformer = transformer; this.action = action;
5060 >        }
5061 >        public final void compute() {
5062 >            final Function<Map.Entry<K,V>, ? extends U> transformer;
5063 >            final Consumer<? super U> action;
5064 >            if ((transformer = this.transformer) != null &&
5065 >                (action = this.action) != null) {
5066 >                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
5067 >                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
5068 >                    addToPendingCount(1);
5069 >                    new ForEachTransformedEntryTask<K,V,U>
5070 >                        (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
5071 >                         transformer, action).fork();
5072 >                }
5073 >                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null; ) {
5074 >                    U u;
5075 >                    if ((u = transformer.apply(p)) != null)
5076 >                        action.accept(u);
5077 >                }
5078 >                propagateCompletion();
5079 >            }
5080          }
5081      }
5082  
5083 <    private class Values extends AbstractCollection<V> {
5084 <        public Iterator<V> iterator() {
5085 <            return new ValueIterator();
5083 >    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
5084 >    static final class ForEachTransformedMappingTask<K,V,U>
5085 >        extends BulkTask<K,V,Void> {
5086 >        final BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends U> transformer;
5087 >        final Consumer<? super U> action;
5088 >        ForEachTransformedMappingTask
5089 >            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
5090 >             BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends U> transformer,
5091 >             Consumer<? super U> action) {
5092 >            super(p, b, i, f, t);
5093 >            this.transformer = transformer; this.action = action;
5094          }
5095 <        public int size() {
5096 <            return ConcurrentHashMap.this.size();
5095 >        public final void compute() {
5096 >            final BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends U> transformer;
5097 >            final Consumer<? super U> action;
5098 >            if ((transformer = this.transformer) != null &&
5099 >                (action = this.action) != null) {
5100 >                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
5101 >                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
5102 >                    addToPendingCount(1);
5103 >                    new ForEachTransformedMappingTask<K,V,U>
5104 >                        (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
5105 >                         transformer, action).fork();
5106 >                }
5107 >                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null; ) {
5108 >                    U u;
5109 >                    if ((u = transformer.apply(p.key, p.val)) != null)
5110 >                        action.accept(u);
5111 >                }
5112 >                propagateCompletion();
5113 >            }
5114          }
5115 <        public boolean contains(Object o) {
5116 <            return ConcurrentHashMap.this.containsValue(o);
5115 >    }
5116 >
5117 >    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
5118 >    static final class SearchKeysTask<K,V,U>
5119 >        extends BulkTask<K,V,U> {
5120 >        final Function<? super K, ? extends U> searchFunction;
5121 >        final AtomicReference<U> result;
5122 >        SearchKeysTask
5123 >            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
5124 >             Function<? super K, ? extends U> searchFunction,
5125 >             AtomicReference<U> result) {
5126 >            super(p, b, i, f, t);
5127 >            this.searchFunction = searchFunction; this.result = result;
5128          }
5129 <        public void clear() {
5130 <            ConcurrentHashMap.this.clear();
5129 >        public final U getRawResult() { return result.get(); }
5130 >        public final void compute() {
5131 >            final Function<? super K, ? extends U> searchFunction;
5132 >            final AtomicReference<U> result;
5133 >            if ((searchFunction = this.searchFunction) != null &&
5134 >                (result = this.result) != null) {
5135 >                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
5136 >                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
5137 >                    if (result.get() != null)
5138 >                        return;
5139 >                    addToPendingCount(1);
5140 >                    new SearchKeysTask<K,V,U>
5141 >                        (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
5142 >                         searchFunction, result).fork();
5143 >                }
5144 >                while (result.get() == null) {
5145 >                    U u;
5146 >                    Node<K,V> p;
5147 >                    if ((p = advance()) == null) {
5148 >                        propagateCompletion();
5149 >                        break;
5150 >                    }
5151 >                    if ((u = searchFunction.apply(p.key)) != null) {
5152 >                        if (result.compareAndSet(null, u))
5153 >                            quietlyCompleteRoot();
5154 >                        break;
5155 >                    }
5156 >                }
5157 >            }
5158          }
5159      }
5160  
5161 <    private class EntrySet extends AbstractSet {
5162 <        public Iterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> iterator() {
5163 <            return new EntryIterator();
5161 >    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
5162 >    static final class SearchValuesTask<K,V,U>
5163 >        extends BulkTask<K,V,U> {
5164 >        final Function<? super V, ? extends U> searchFunction;
5165 >        final AtomicReference<U> result;
5166 >        SearchValuesTask
5167 >            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
5168 >             Function<? super V, ? extends U> searchFunction,
5169 >             AtomicReference<U> result) {
5170 >            super(p, b, i, f, t);
5171 >            this.searchFunction = searchFunction; this.result = result;
5172          }
5173 <        public boolean contains(Object o) {
5174 <            if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry))
5175 <                return false;
5176 <            Map.Entry<K,V> e = (Map.Entry<K,V>)o;
5177 <            V v = ConcurrentHashMap.this.get(e.getKey());
5178 <            return v != null && v.equals(e.getValue());
5173 >        public final U getRawResult() { return result.get(); }
5174 >        public final void compute() {
5175 >            final Function<? super V, ? extends U> searchFunction;
5176 >            final AtomicReference<U> result;
5177 >            if ((searchFunction = this.searchFunction) != null &&
5178 >                (result = this.result) != null) {
5179 >                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
5180 >                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
5181 >                    if (result.get() != null)
5182 >                        return;
5183 >                    addToPendingCount(1);
5184 >                    new SearchValuesTask<K,V,U>
5185 >                        (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
5186 >                         searchFunction, result).fork();
5187 >                }
5188 >                while (result.get() == null) {
5189 >                    U u;
5190 >                    Node<K,V> p;
5191 >                    if ((p = advance()) == null) {
5192 >                        propagateCompletion();
5193 >                        break;
5194 >                    }
5195 >                    if ((u = searchFunction.apply(p.val)) != null) {
5196 >                        if (result.compareAndSet(null, u))
5197 >                            quietlyCompleteRoot();
5198 >                        break;
5199 >                    }
5200 >                }
5201 >            }
5202          }
5203 <        public boolean remove(Object o) {
5204 <            if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry))
5205 <                return false;
5206 <            Map.Entry<K,V> e = (Map.Entry<K,V>)o;
5207 <            return ConcurrentHashMap.this.remove(e.getKey(), e.getValue()) != null;
5203 >    }
5204 >
5205 >    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
5206 >    static final class SearchEntriesTask<K,V,U>
5207 >        extends BulkTask<K,V,U> {
5208 >        final Function<Entry<K,V>, ? extends U> searchFunction;
5209 >        final AtomicReference<U> result;
5210 >        SearchEntriesTask
5211 >            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
5212 >             Function<Entry<K,V>, ? extends U> searchFunction,
5213 >             AtomicReference<U> result) {
5214 >            super(p, b, i, f, t);
5215 >            this.searchFunction = searchFunction; this.result = result;
5216 >        }
5217 >        public final U getRawResult() { return result.get(); }
5218 >        public final void compute() {
5219 >            final Function<Entry<K,V>, ? extends U> searchFunction;
5220 >            final AtomicReference<U> result;
5221 >            if ((searchFunction = this.searchFunction) != null &&
5222 >                (result = this.result) != null) {
5223 >                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
5224 >                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
5225 >                    if (result.get() != null)
5226 >                        return;
5227 >                    addToPendingCount(1);
5228 >                    new SearchEntriesTask<K,V,U>
5229 >                        (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
5230 >                         searchFunction, result).fork();
5231 >                }
5232 >                while (result.get() == null) {
5233 >                    U u;
5234 >                    Node<K,V> p;
5235 >                    if ((p = advance()) == null) {
5236 >                        propagateCompletion();
5237 >                        break;
5238 >                    }
5239 >                    if ((u = searchFunction.apply(p)) != null) {
5240 >                        if (result.compareAndSet(null, u))
5241 >                            quietlyCompleteRoot();
5242 >                        return;
5243 >                    }
5244 >                }
5245 >            }
5246          }
5247 <        public int size() {
5248 <            return ConcurrentHashMap.this.size();
5247 >    }
5248 >
5249 >    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
5250 >    static final class SearchMappingsTask<K,V,U>
5251 >        extends BulkTask<K,V,U> {
5252 >        final BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends U> searchFunction;
5253 >        final AtomicReference<U> result;
5254 >        SearchMappingsTask
5255 >            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
5256 >             BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends U> searchFunction,
5257 >             AtomicReference<U> result) {
5258 >            super(p, b, i, f, t);
5259 >            this.searchFunction = searchFunction; this.result = result;
5260          }
5261 <        public void clear() {
5262 <            ConcurrentHashMap.this.clear();
5261 >        public final U getRawResult() { return result.get(); }
5262 >        public final void compute() {
5263 >            final BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends U> searchFunction;
5264 >            final AtomicReference<U> result;
5265 >            if ((searchFunction = this.searchFunction) != null &&
5266 >                (result = this.result) != null) {
5267 >                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
5268 >                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
5269 >                    if (result.get() != null)
5270 >                        return;
5271 >                    addToPendingCount(1);
5272 >                    new SearchMappingsTask<K,V,U>
5273 >                        (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
5274 >                         searchFunction, result).fork();
5275 >                }
5276 >                while (result.get() == null) {
5277 >                    U u;
5278 >                    Node<K,V> p;
5279 >                    if ((p = advance()) == null) {
5280 >                        propagateCompletion();
5281 >                        break;
5282 >                    }
5283 >                    if ((u = searchFunction.apply(p.key, p.val)) != null) {
5284 >                        if (result.compareAndSet(null, u))
5285 >                            quietlyCompleteRoot();
5286 >                        break;
5287 >                    }
5288 >                }
5289 >            }
5290          }
5291      }
5292  
5293 <    /* ---------------- Serialization Support -------------- */
5293 >    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
5294 >    static final class ReduceKeysTask<K,V>
5295 >        extends BulkTask<K,V,K> {
5296 >        final BiFunction<? super K, ? super K, ? extends K> reducer;
5297 >        K result;
5298 >        ReduceKeysTask<K,V> rights, nextRight;
5299 >        ReduceKeysTask
5300 >            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
5301 >             ReduceKeysTask<K,V> nextRight,
5302 >             BiFunction<? super K, ? super K, ? extends K> reducer) {
5303 >            super(p, b, i, f, t); this.nextRight = nextRight;
5304 >            this.reducer = reducer;
5305 >        }
5306 >        public final K getRawResult() { return result; }
5307 >        public final void compute() {
5308 >            final BiFunction<? super K, ? super K, ? extends K> reducer;
5309 >            if ((reducer = this.reducer) != null) {
5310 >                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
5311 >                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
5312 >                    addToPendingCount(1);
5313 >                    (rights = new ReduceKeysTask<K,V>
5314 >                     (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
5315 >                      rights, reducer)).fork();
5316 >                }
5317 >                K r = null;
5318 >                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null; ) {
5319 >                    K u = p.key;
5320 >                    r = (r == null) ? u : u == null ? r : reducer.apply(r, u);
5321 >                }
5322 >                result = r;
5323 >                CountedCompleter<?> c;
5324 >                for (c = firstComplete(); c != null; c = c.nextComplete()) {
5325 >                    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
5326 >                    ReduceKeysTask<K,V>
5327 >                        t = (ReduceKeysTask<K,V>)c,
5328 >                        s = t.rights;
5329 >                    while (s != null) {
5330 >                        K tr, sr;
5331 >                        if ((sr = s.result) != null)
5332 >                            t.result = (((tr = t.result) == null) ? sr :
5333 >                                        reducer.apply(tr, sr));
5334 >                        s = t.rights = s.nextRight;
5335 >                    }
5336 >                }
5337 >            }
5338 >        }
5339 >    }
5340  
5341 <    /**
5342 <     * Save the state of the <tt>ConcurrentHashMap</tt>
5343 <     * instance to a stream (i.e.,
5344 <     * serialize it).
5345 <     * @serialData
5346 <     * the key (Object) and value (Object)
5347 <     * for each key-value mapping, followed by a null pair.
5348 <     * The key-value mappings are emitted in no particular order.
5349 <     */
5350 <    private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s) throws IOException  {
5351 <        s.defaultWriteObject();
5341 >    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
5342 >    static final class ReduceValuesTask<K,V>
5343 >        extends BulkTask<K,V,V> {
5344 >        final BiFunction<? super V, ? super V, ? extends V> reducer;
5345 >        V result;
5346 >        ReduceValuesTask<K,V> rights, nextRight;
5347 >        ReduceValuesTask
5348 >            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
5349 >             ReduceValuesTask<K,V> nextRight,
5350 >             BiFunction<? super V, ? super V, ? extends V> reducer) {
5351 >            super(p, b, i, f, t); this.nextRight = nextRight;
5352 >            this.reducer = reducer;
5353 >        }
5354 >        public final V getRawResult() { return result; }
5355 >        public final void compute() {
5356 >            final BiFunction<? super V, ? super V, ? extends V> reducer;
5357 >            if ((reducer = this.reducer) != null) {
5358 >                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
5359 >                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
5360 >                    addToPendingCount(1);
5361 >                    (rights = new ReduceValuesTask<K,V>
5362 >                     (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
5363 >                      rights, reducer)).fork();
5364 >                }
5365 >                V r = null;
5366 >                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null; ) {
5367 >                    V v = p.val;
5368 >                    r = (r == null) ? v : reducer.apply(r, v);
5369 >                }
5370 >                result = r;
5371 >                CountedCompleter<?> c;
5372 >                for (c = firstComplete(); c != null; c = c.nextComplete()) {
5373 >                    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
5374 >                    ReduceValuesTask<K,V>
5375 >                        t = (ReduceValuesTask<K,V>)c,
5376 >                        s = t.rights;
5377 >                    while (s != null) {
5378 >                        V tr, sr;
5379 >                        if ((sr = s.result) != null)
5380 >                            t.result = (((tr = t.result) == null) ? sr :
5381 >                                        reducer.apply(tr, sr));
5382 >                        s = t.rights = s.nextRight;
5383 >                    }
5384 >                }
5385 >            }
5386 >        }
5387 >    }
5388  
5389 <        for (int k = 0; k < segments.length; ++k) {
5390 <            Segment<K,V> seg = segments[k];
5391 <            seg.lock();
5392 <            try {
5393 <                HashEntry<K,V>[] tab = seg.table;
5394 <                for (int i = 0; i < tab.length; ++i) {
5395 <                    for (HashEntry<K,V> e = tab[i]; e != null; e = e.next) {
5396 <                        s.writeObject(e.key);
5397 <                        s.writeObject(e.value);
5389 >    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
5390 >    static final class ReduceEntriesTask<K,V>
5391 >        extends BulkTask<K,V,Map.Entry<K,V>> {
5392 >        final BiFunction<Map.Entry<K,V>, Map.Entry<K,V>, ? extends Map.Entry<K,V>> reducer;
5393 >        Map.Entry<K,V> result;
5394 >        ReduceEntriesTask<K,V> rights, nextRight;
5395 >        ReduceEntriesTask
5396 >            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
5397 >             ReduceEntriesTask<K,V> nextRight,
5398 >             BiFunction<Entry<K,V>, Map.Entry<K,V>, ? extends Map.Entry<K,V>> reducer) {
5399 >            super(p, b, i, f, t); this.nextRight = nextRight;
5400 >            this.reducer = reducer;
5401 >        }
5402 >        public final Map.Entry<K,V> getRawResult() { return result; }
5403 >        public final void compute() {
5404 >            final BiFunction<Map.Entry<K,V>, Map.Entry<K,V>, ? extends Map.Entry<K,V>> reducer;
5405 >            if ((reducer = this.reducer) != null) {
5406 >                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
5407 >                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
5408 >                    addToPendingCount(1);
5409 >                    (rights = new ReduceEntriesTask<K,V>
5410 >                     (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
5411 >                      rights, reducer)).fork();
5412 >                }
5413 >                Map.Entry<K,V> r = null;
5414 >                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null; )
5415 >                    r = (r == null) ? p : reducer.apply(r, p);
5416 >                result = r;
5417 >                CountedCompleter<?> c;
5418 >                for (c = firstComplete(); c != null; c = c.nextComplete()) {
5419 >                    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
5420 >                    ReduceEntriesTask<K,V>
5421 >                        t = (ReduceEntriesTask<K,V>)c,
5422 >                        s = t.rights;
5423 >                    while (s != null) {
5424 >                        Map.Entry<K,V> tr, sr;
5425 >                        if ((sr = s.result) != null)
5426 >                            t.result = (((tr = t.result) == null) ? sr :
5427 >                                        reducer.apply(tr, sr));
5428 >                        s = t.rights = s.nextRight;
5429                      }
5430                  }
5431              }
5432 <            finally {
5433 <                seg.unlock();
5432 >        }
5433 >    }
5434 >
5435 >    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
5436 >    static final class MapReduceKeysTask<K,V,U>
5437 >        extends BulkTask<K,V,U> {
5438 >        final Function<? super K, ? extends U> transformer;
5439 >        final BiFunction<? super U, ? super U, ? extends U> reducer;
5440 >        U result;
5441 >        MapReduceKeysTask<K,V,U> rights, nextRight;
5442 >        MapReduceKeysTask
5443 >            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
5444 >             MapReduceKeysTask<K,V,U> nextRight,
5445 >             Function<? super K, ? extends U> transformer,
5446 >             BiFunction<? super U, ? super U, ? extends U> reducer) {
5447 >            super(p, b, i, f, t); this.nextRight = nextRight;
5448 >            this.transformer = transformer;
5449 >            this.reducer = reducer;
5450 >        }
5451 >        public final U getRawResult() { return result; }
5452 >        public final void compute() {
5453 >            final Function<? super K, ? extends U> transformer;
5454 >            final BiFunction<? super U, ? super U, ? extends U> reducer;
5455 >            if ((transformer = this.transformer) != null &&
5456 >                (reducer = this.reducer) != null) {
5457 >                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
5458 >                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
5459 >                    addToPendingCount(1);
5460 >                    (rights = new MapReduceKeysTask<K,V,U>
5461 >                     (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
5462 >                      rights, transformer, reducer)).fork();
5463 >                }
5464 >                U r = null;
5465 >                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null; ) {
5466 >                    U u;
5467 >                    if ((u = transformer.apply(p.key)) != null)
5468 >                        r = (r == null) ? u : reducer.apply(r, u);
5469 >                }
5470 >                result = r;
5471 >                CountedCompleter<?> c;
5472 >                for (c = firstComplete(); c != null; c = c.nextComplete()) {
5473 >                    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
5474 >                    MapReduceKeysTask<K,V,U>
5475 >                        t = (MapReduceKeysTask<K,V,U>)c,
5476 >                        s = t.rights;
5477 >                    while (s != null) {
5478 >                        U tr, sr;
5479 >                        if ((sr = s.result) != null)
5480 >                            t.result = (((tr = t.result) == null) ? sr :
5481 >                                        reducer.apply(tr, sr));
5482 >                        s = t.rights = s.nextRight;
5483 >                    }
5484 >                }
5485              }
5486          }
1020        s.writeObject(null);
1021        s.writeObject(null);
5487      }
5488  
5489 <    /**
5490 <     * Reconstitute the <tt>ConcurrentHashMap</tt>
5491 <     * instance from a stream (i.e.,
5492 <     * deserialize it).
5493 <     */
5494 <    private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s)
5495 <        throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException  {
5496 <        s.defaultReadObject();
5489 >    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
5490 >    static final class MapReduceValuesTask<K,V,U>
5491 >        extends BulkTask<K,V,U> {
5492 >        final Function<? super V, ? extends U> transformer;
5493 >        final BiFunction<? super U, ? super U, ? extends U> reducer;
5494 >        U result;
5495 >        MapReduceValuesTask<K,V,U> rights, nextRight;
5496 >        MapReduceValuesTask
5497 >            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
5498 >             MapReduceValuesTask<K,V,U> nextRight,
5499 >             Function<? super V, ? extends U> transformer,
5500 >             BiFunction<? super U, ? super U, ? extends U> reducer) {
5501 >            super(p, b, i, f, t); this.nextRight = nextRight;
5502 >            this.transformer = transformer;
5503 >            this.reducer = reducer;
5504 >        }
5505 >        public final U getRawResult() { return result; }
5506 >        public final void compute() {
5507 >            final Function<? super V, ? extends U> transformer;
5508 >            final BiFunction<? super U, ? super U, ? extends U> reducer;
5509 >            if ((transformer = this.transformer) != null &&
5510 >                (reducer = this.reducer) != null) {
5511 >                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
5512 >                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
5513 >                    addToPendingCount(1);
5514 >                    (rights = new MapReduceValuesTask<K,V,U>
5515 >                     (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
5516 >                      rights, transformer, reducer)).fork();
5517 >                }
5518 >                U r = null;
5519 >                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null; ) {
5520 >                    U u;
5521 >                    if ((u = transformer.apply(p.val)) != null)
5522 >                        r = (r == null) ? u : reducer.apply(r, u);
5523 >                }
5524 >                result = r;
5525 >                CountedCompleter<?> c;
5526 >                for (c = firstComplete(); c != null; c = c.nextComplete()) {
5527 >                    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
5528 >                    MapReduceValuesTask<K,V,U>
5529 >                        t = (MapReduceValuesTask<K,V,U>)c,
5530 >                        s = t.rights;
5531 >                    while (s != null) {
5532 >                        U tr, sr;
5533 >                        if ((sr = s.result) != null)
5534 >                            t.result = (((tr = t.result) == null) ? sr :
5535 >                                        reducer.apply(tr, sr));
5536 >                        s = t.rights = s.nextRight;
5537 >                    }
5538 >                }
5539 >            }
5540 >        }
5541 >    }
5542 >
5543 >    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
5544 >    static final class MapReduceEntriesTask<K,V,U>
5545 >        extends BulkTask<K,V,U> {
5546 >        final Function<Map.Entry<K,V>, ? extends U> transformer;
5547 >        final BiFunction<? super U, ? super U, ? extends U> reducer;
5548 >        U result;
5549 >        MapReduceEntriesTask<K,V,U> rights, nextRight;
5550 >        MapReduceEntriesTask
5551 >            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
5552 >             MapReduceEntriesTask<K,V,U> nextRight,
5553 >             Function<Map.Entry<K,V>, ? extends U> transformer,
5554 >             BiFunction<? super U, ? super U, ? extends U> reducer) {
5555 >            super(p, b, i, f, t); this.nextRight = nextRight;
5556 >            this.transformer = transformer;
5557 >            this.reducer = reducer;
5558 >        }
5559 >        public final U getRawResult() { return result; }
5560 >        public final void compute() {
5561 >            final Function<Map.Entry<K,V>, ? extends U> transformer;
5562 >            final BiFunction<? super U, ? super U, ? extends U> reducer;
5563 >            if ((transformer = this.transformer) != null &&
5564 >                (reducer = this.reducer) != null) {
5565 >                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
5566 >                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
5567 >                    addToPendingCount(1);
5568 >                    (rights = new MapReduceEntriesTask<K,V,U>
5569 >                     (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
5570 >                      rights, transformer, reducer)).fork();
5571 >                }
5572 >                U r = null;
5573 >                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null; ) {
5574 >                    U u;
5575 >                    if ((u = transformer.apply(p)) != null)
5576 >                        r = (r == null) ? u : reducer.apply(r, u);
5577 >                }
5578 >                result = r;
5579 >                CountedCompleter<?> c;
5580 >                for (c = firstComplete(); c != null; c = c.nextComplete()) {
5581 >                    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
5582 >                    MapReduceEntriesTask<K,V,U>
5583 >                        t = (MapReduceEntriesTask<K,V,U>)c,
5584 >                        s = t.rights;
5585 >                    while (s != null) {
5586 >                        U tr, sr;
5587 >                        if ((sr = s.result) != null)
5588 >                            t.result = (((tr = t.result) == null) ? sr :
5589 >                                        reducer.apply(tr, sr));
5590 >                        s = t.rights = s.nextRight;
5591 >                    }
5592 >                }
5593 >            }
5594 >        }
5595 >    }
5596  
5597 <        // Initialize each segment to be minimally sized, and let grow.
5598 <        for (int i = 0; i < segments.length; ++i) {
5599 <            segments[i].setTable(new HashEntry<K,V>[1]);
5597 >    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
5598 >    static final class MapReduceMappingsTask<K,V,U>
5599 >        extends BulkTask<K,V,U> {
5600 >        final BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends U> transformer;
5601 >        final BiFunction<? super U, ? super U, ? extends U> reducer;
5602 >        U result;
5603 >        MapReduceMappingsTask<K,V,U> rights, nextRight;
5604 >        MapReduceMappingsTask
5605 >            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
5606 >             MapReduceMappingsTask<K,V,U> nextRight,
5607 >             BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends U> transformer,
5608 >             BiFunction<? super U, ? super U, ? extends U> reducer) {
5609 >            super(p, b, i, f, t); this.nextRight = nextRight;
5610 >            this.transformer = transformer;
5611 >            this.reducer = reducer;
5612          }
5613 +        public final U getRawResult() { return result; }
5614 +        public final void compute() {
5615 +            final BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends U> transformer;
5616 +            final BiFunction<? super U, ? super U, ? extends U> reducer;
5617 +            if ((transformer = this.transformer) != null &&
5618 +                (reducer = this.reducer) != null) {
5619 +                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
5620 +                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
5621 +                    addToPendingCount(1);
5622 +                    (rights = new MapReduceMappingsTask<K,V,U>
5623 +                     (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
5624 +                      rights, transformer, reducer)).fork();
5625 +                }
5626 +                U r = null;
5627 +                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null; ) {
5628 +                    U u;
5629 +                    if ((u = transformer.apply(p.key, p.val)) != null)
5630 +                        r = (r == null) ? u : reducer.apply(r, u);
5631 +                }
5632 +                result = r;
5633 +                CountedCompleter<?> c;
5634 +                for (c = firstComplete(); c != null; c = c.nextComplete()) {
5635 +                    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
5636 +                    MapReduceMappingsTask<K,V,U>
5637 +                        t = (MapReduceMappingsTask<K,V,U>)c,
5638 +                        s = t.rights;
5639 +                    while (s != null) {
5640 +                        U tr, sr;
5641 +                        if ((sr = s.result) != null)
5642 +                            t.result = (((tr = t.result) == null) ? sr :
5643 +                                        reducer.apply(tr, sr));
5644 +                        s = t.rights = s.nextRight;
5645 +                    }
5646 +                }
5647 +            }
5648 +        }
5649 +    }
5650  
5651 <        // Read the keys and values, and put the mappings in the table
5652 <        while (true) {
5653 <            K key = (K) s.readObject();
5654 <            V value = (V) s.readObject();
5655 <            if (key == null)
5656 <                break;
5657 <            put(key, value);
5651 >    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
5652 >    static final class MapReduceKeysToDoubleTask<K,V>
5653 >        extends BulkTask<K,V,Double> {
5654 >        final ToDoubleFunction<? super K> transformer;
5655 >        final DoubleBinaryOperator reducer;
5656 >        final double basis;
5657 >        double result;
5658 >        MapReduceKeysToDoubleTask<K,V> rights, nextRight;
5659 >        MapReduceKeysToDoubleTask
5660 >            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
5661 >             MapReduceKeysToDoubleTask<K,V> nextRight,
5662 >             ToDoubleFunction<? super K> transformer,
5663 >             double basis,
5664 >             DoubleBinaryOperator reducer) {
5665 >            super(p, b, i, f, t); this.nextRight = nextRight;
5666 >            this.transformer = transformer;
5667 >            this.basis = basis; this.reducer = reducer;
5668 >        }
5669 >        public final Double getRawResult() { return result; }
5670 >        public final void compute() {
5671 >            final ToDoubleFunction<? super K> transformer;
5672 >            final DoubleBinaryOperator reducer;
5673 >            if ((transformer = this.transformer) != null &&
5674 >                (reducer = this.reducer) != null) {
5675 >                double r = this.basis;
5676 >                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
5677 >                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
5678 >                    addToPendingCount(1);
5679 >                    (rights = new MapReduceKeysToDoubleTask<K,V>
5680 >                     (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
5681 >                      rights, transformer, r, reducer)).fork();
5682 >                }
5683 >                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null; )
5684 >                    r = reducer.applyAsDouble(r, transformer.applyAsDouble(p.key));
5685 >                result = r;
5686 >                CountedCompleter<?> c;
5687 >                for (c = firstComplete(); c != null; c = c.nextComplete()) {
5688 >                    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
5689 >                    MapReduceKeysToDoubleTask<K,V>
5690 >                        t = (MapReduceKeysToDoubleTask<K,V>)c,
5691 >                        s = t.rights;
5692 >                    while (s != null) {
5693 >                        t.result = reducer.applyAsDouble(t.result, s.result);
5694 >                        s = t.rights = s.nextRight;
5695 >                    }
5696 >                }
5697 >            }
5698 >        }
5699 >    }
5700 >
5701 >    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
5702 >    static final class MapReduceValuesToDoubleTask<K,V>
5703 >        extends BulkTask<K,V,Double> {
5704 >        final ToDoubleFunction<? super V> transformer;
5705 >        final DoubleBinaryOperator reducer;
5706 >        final double basis;
5707 >        double result;
5708 >        MapReduceValuesToDoubleTask<K,V> rights, nextRight;
5709 >        MapReduceValuesToDoubleTask
5710 >            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
5711 >             MapReduceValuesToDoubleTask<K,V> nextRight,
5712 >             ToDoubleFunction<? super V> transformer,
5713 >             double basis,
5714 >             DoubleBinaryOperator reducer) {
5715 >            super(p, b, i, f, t); this.nextRight = nextRight;
5716 >            this.transformer = transformer;
5717 >            this.basis = basis; this.reducer = reducer;
5718 >        }
5719 >        public final Double getRawResult() { return result; }
5720 >        public final void compute() {
5721 >            final ToDoubleFunction<? super V> transformer;
5722 >            final DoubleBinaryOperator reducer;
5723 >            if ((transformer = this.transformer) != null &&
5724 >                (reducer = this.reducer) != null) {
5725 >                double r = this.basis;
5726 >                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
5727 >                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
5728 >                    addToPendingCount(1);
5729 >                    (rights = new MapReduceValuesToDoubleTask<K,V>
5730 >                     (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
5731 >                      rights, transformer, r, reducer)).fork();
5732 >                }
5733 >                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null; )
5734 >                    r = reducer.applyAsDouble(r, transformer.applyAsDouble(p.val));
5735 >                result = r;
5736 >                CountedCompleter<?> c;
5737 >                for (c = firstComplete(); c != null; c = c.nextComplete()) {
5738 >                    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
5739 >                    MapReduceValuesToDoubleTask<K,V>
5740 >                        t = (MapReduceValuesToDoubleTask<K,V>)c,
5741 >                        s = t.rights;
5742 >                    while (s != null) {
5743 >                        t.result = reducer.applyAsDouble(t.result, s.result);
5744 >                        s = t.rights = s.nextRight;
5745 >                    }
5746 >                }
5747 >            }
5748 >        }
5749 >    }
5750 >
5751 >    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
5752 >    static final class MapReduceEntriesToDoubleTask<K,V>
5753 >        extends BulkTask<K,V,Double> {
5754 >        final ToDoubleFunction<Map.Entry<K,V>> transformer;
5755 >        final DoubleBinaryOperator reducer;
5756 >        final double basis;
5757 >        double result;
5758 >        MapReduceEntriesToDoubleTask<K,V> rights, nextRight;
5759 >        MapReduceEntriesToDoubleTask
5760 >            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
5761 >             MapReduceEntriesToDoubleTask<K,V> nextRight,
5762 >             ToDoubleFunction<Map.Entry<K,V>> transformer,
5763 >             double basis,
5764 >             DoubleBinaryOperator reducer) {
5765 >            super(p, b, i, f, t); this.nextRight = nextRight;
5766 >            this.transformer = transformer;
5767 >            this.basis = basis; this.reducer = reducer;
5768 >        }
5769 >        public final Double getRawResult() { return result; }
5770 >        public final void compute() {
5771 >            final ToDoubleFunction<Map.Entry<K,V>> transformer;
5772 >            final DoubleBinaryOperator reducer;
5773 >            if ((transformer = this.transformer) != null &&
5774 >                (reducer = this.reducer) != null) {
5775 >                double r = this.basis;
5776 >                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
5777 >                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
5778 >                    addToPendingCount(1);
5779 >                    (rights = new MapReduceEntriesToDoubleTask<K,V>
5780 >                     (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
5781 >                      rights, transformer, r, reducer)).fork();
5782 >                }
5783 >                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null; )
5784 >                    r = reducer.applyAsDouble(r, transformer.applyAsDouble(p));
5785 >                result = r;
5786 >                CountedCompleter<?> c;
5787 >                for (c = firstComplete(); c != null; c = c.nextComplete()) {
5788 >                    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
5789 >                    MapReduceEntriesToDoubleTask<K,V>
5790 >                        t = (MapReduceEntriesToDoubleTask<K,V>)c,
5791 >                        s = t.rights;
5792 >                    while (s != null) {
5793 >                        t.result = reducer.applyAsDouble(t.result, s.result);
5794 >                        s = t.rights = s.nextRight;
5795 >                    }
5796 >                }
5797 >            }
5798 >        }
5799 >    }
5800 >
5801 >    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
5802 >    static final class MapReduceMappingsToDoubleTask<K,V>
5803 >        extends BulkTask<K,V,Double> {
5804 >        final ToDoubleBiFunction<? super K, ? super V> transformer;
5805 >        final DoubleBinaryOperator reducer;
5806 >        final double basis;
5807 >        double result;
5808 >        MapReduceMappingsToDoubleTask<K,V> rights, nextRight;
5809 >        MapReduceMappingsToDoubleTask
5810 >            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
5811 >             MapReduceMappingsToDoubleTask<K,V> nextRight,
5812 >             ToDoubleBiFunction<? super K, ? super V> transformer,
5813 >             double basis,
5814 >             DoubleBinaryOperator reducer) {
5815 >            super(p, b, i, f, t); this.nextRight = nextRight;
5816 >            this.transformer = transformer;
5817 >            this.basis = basis; this.reducer = reducer;
5818 >        }
5819 >        public final Double getRawResult() { return result; }
5820 >        public final void compute() {
5821 >            final ToDoubleBiFunction<? super K, ? super V> transformer;
5822 >            final DoubleBinaryOperator reducer;
5823 >            if ((transformer = this.transformer) != null &&
5824 >                (reducer = this.reducer) != null) {
5825 >                double r = this.basis;
5826 >                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
5827 >                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
5828 >                    addToPendingCount(1);
5829 >                    (rights = new MapReduceMappingsToDoubleTask<K,V>
5830 >                     (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
5831 >                      rights, transformer, r, reducer)).fork();
5832 >                }
5833 >                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null; )
5834 >                    r = reducer.applyAsDouble(r, transformer.applyAsDouble(p.key, p.val));
5835 >                result = r;
5836 >                CountedCompleter<?> c;
5837 >                for (c = firstComplete(); c != null; c = c.nextComplete()) {
5838 >                    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
5839 >                    MapReduceMappingsToDoubleTask<K,V>
5840 >                        t = (MapReduceMappingsToDoubleTask<K,V>)c,
5841 >                        s = t.rights;
5842 >                    while (s != null) {
5843 >                        t.result = reducer.applyAsDouble(t.result, s.result);
5844 >                        s = t.rights = s.nextRight;
5845 >                    }
5846 >                }
5847 >            }
5848 >        }
5849 >    }
5850 >
5851 >    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
5852 >    static final class MapReduceKeysToLongTask<K,V>
5853 >        extends BulkTask<K,V,Long> {
5854 >        final ToLongFunction<? super K> transformer;
5855 >        final LongBinaryOperator reducer;
5856 >        final long basis;
5857 >        long result;
5858 >        MapReduceKeysToLongTask<K,V> rights, nextRight;
5859 >        MapReduceKeysToLongTask
5860 >            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
5861 >             MapReduceKeysToLongTask<K,V> nextRight,
5862 >             ToLongFunction<? super K> transformer,
5863 >             long basis,
5864 >             LongBinaryOperator reducer) {
5865 >            super(p, b, i, f, t); this.nextRight = nextRight;
5866 >            this.transformer = transformer;
5867 >            this.basis = basis; this.reducer = reducer;
5868 >        }
5869 >        public final Long getRawResult() { return result; }
5870 >        public final void compute() {
5871 >            final ToLongFunction<? super K> transformer;
5872 >            final LongBinaryOperator reducer;
5873 >            if ((transformer = this.transformer) != null &&
5874 >                (reducer = this.reducer) != null) {
5875 >                long r = this.basis;
5876 >                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
5877 >                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
5878 >                    addToPendingCount(1);
5879 >                    (rights = new MapReduceKeysToLongTask<K,V>
5880 >                     (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
5881 >                      rights, transformer, r, reducer)).fork();
5882 >                }
5883 >                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null; )
5884 >                    r = reducer.applyAsLong(r, transformer.applyAsLong(p.key));
5885 >                result = r;
5886 >                CountedCompleter<?> c;
5887 >                for (c = firstComplete(); c != null; c = c.nextComplete()) {
5888 >                    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
5889 >                    MapReduceKeysToLongTask<K,V>
5890 >                        t = (MapReduceKeysToLongTask<K,V>)c,
5891 >                        s = t.rights;
5892 >                    while (s != null) {
5893 >                        t.result = reducer.applyAsLong(t.result, s.result);
5894 >                        s = t.rights = s.nextRight;
5895 >                    }
5896 >                }
5897 >            }
5898 >        }
5899 >    }
5900 >
5901 >    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
5902 >    static final class MapReduceValuesToLongTask<K,V>
5903 >        extends BulkTask<K,V,Long> {
5904 >        final ToLongFunction<? super V> transformer;
5905 >        final LongBinaryOperator reducer;
5906 >        final long basis;
5907 >        long result;
5908 >        MapReduceValuesToLongTask<K,V> rights, nextRight;
5909 >        MapReduceValuesToLongTask
5910 >            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
5911 >             MapReduceValuesToLongTask<K,V> nextRight,
5912 >             ToLongFunction<? super V> transformer,
5913 >             long basis,
5914 >             LongBinaryOperator reducer) {
5915 >            super(p, b, i, f, t); this.nextRight = nextRight;
5916 >            this.transformer = transformer;
5917 >            this.basis = basis; this.reducer = reducer;
5918 >        }
5919 >        public final Long getRawResult() { return result; }
5920 >        public final void compute() {
5921 >            final ToLongFunction<? super V> transformer;
5922 >            final LongBinaryOperator reducer;
5923 >            if ((transformer = this.transformer) != null &&
5924 >                (reducer = this.reducer) != null) {
5925 >                long r = this.basis;
5926 >                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
5927 >                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
5928 >                    addToPendingCount(1);
5929 >                    (rights = new MapReduceValuesToLongTask<K,V>
5930 >                     (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
5931 >                      rights, transformer, r, reducer)).fork();
5932 >                }
5933 >                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null; )
5934 >                    r = reducer.applyAsLong(r, transformer.applyAsLong(p.val));
5935 >                result = r;
5936 >                CountedCompleter<?> c;
5937 >                for (c = firstComplete(); c != null; c = c.nextComplete()) {
5938 >                    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
5939 >                    MapReduceValuesToLongTask<K,V>
5940 >                        t = (MapReduceValuesToLongTask<K,V>)c,
5941 >                        s = t.rights;
5942 >                    while (s != null) {
5943 >                        t.result = reducer.applyAsLong(t.result, s.result);
5944 >                        s = t.rights = s.nextRight;
5945 >                    }
5946 >                }
5947 >            }
5948 >        }
5949 >    }
5950 >
5951 >    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
5952 >    static final class MapReduceEntriesToLongTask<K,V>
5953 >        extends BulkTask<K,V,Long> {
5954 >        final ToLongFunction<Map.Entry<K,V>> transformer;
5955 >        final LongBinaryOperator reducer;
5956 >        final long basis;
5957 >        long result;
5958 >        MapReduceEntriesToLongTask<K,V> rights, nextRight;
5959 >        MapReduceEntriesToLongTask
5960 >            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
5961 >             MapReduceEntriesToLongTask<K,V> nextRight,
5962 >             ToLongFunction<Map.Entry<K,V>> transformer,
5963 >             long basis,
5964 >             LongBinaryOperator reducer) {
5965 >            super(p, b, i, f, t); this.nextRight = nextRight;
5966 >            this.transformer = transformer;
5967 >            this.basis = basis; this.reducer = reducer;
5968 >        }
5969 >        public final Long getRawResult() { return result; }
5970 >        public final void compute() {
5971 >            final ToLongFunction<Map.Entry<K,V>> transformer;
5972 >            final LongBinaryOperator reducer;
5973 >            if ((transformer = this.transformer) != null &&
5974 >                (reducer = this.reducer) != null) {
5975 >                long r = this.basis;
5976 >                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
5977 >                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
5978 >                    addToPendingCount(1);
5979 >                    (rights = new MapReduceEntriesToLongTask<K,V>
5980 >                     (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
5981 >                      rights, transformer, r, reducer)).fork();
5982 >                }
5983 >                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null; )
5984 >                    r = reducer.applyAsLong(r, transformer.applyAsLong(p));
5985 >                result = r;
5986 >                CountedCompleter<?> c;
5987 >                for (c = firstComplete(); c != null; c = c.nextComplete()) {
5988 >                    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
5989 >                    MapReduceEntriesToLongTask<K,V>
5990 >                        t = (MapReduceEntriesToLongTask<K,V>)c,
5991 >                        s = t.rights;
5992 >                    while (s != null) {
5993 >                        t.result = reducer.applyAsLong(t.result, s.result);
5994 >                        s = t.rights = s.nextRight;
5995 >                    }
5996 >                }
5997 >            }
5998 >        }
5999 >    }
6000 >
6001 >    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
6002 >    static final class MapReduceMappingsToLongTask<K,V>
6003 >        extends BulkTask<K,V,Long> {
6004 >        final ToLongBiFunction<? super K, ? super V> transformer;
6005 >        final LongBinaryOperator reducer;
6006 >        final long basis;
6007 >        long result;
6008 >        MapReduceMappingsToLongTask<K,V> rights, nextRight;
6009 >        MapReduceMappingsToLongTask
6010 >            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
6011 >             MapReduceMappingsToLongTask<K,V> nextRight,
6012 >             ToLongBiFunction<? super K, ? super V> transformer,
6013 >             long basis,
6014 >             LongBinaryOperator reducer) {
6015 >            super(p, b, i, f, t); this.nextRight = nextRight;
6016 >            this.transformer = transformer;
6017 >            this.basis = basis; this.reducer = reducer;
6018 >        }
6019 >        public final Long getRawResult() { return result; }
6020 >        public final void compute() {
6021 >            final ToLongBiFunction<? super K, ? super V> transformer;
6022 >            final LongBinaryOperator reducer;
6023 >            if ((transformer = this.transformer) != null &&
6024 >                (reducer = this.reducer) != null) {
6025 >                long r = this.basis;
6026 >                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
6027 >                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
6028 >                    addToPendingCount(1);
6029 >                    (rights = new MapReduceMappingsToLongTask<K,V>
6030 >                     (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
6031 >                      rights, transformer, r, reducer)).fork();
6032 >                }
6033 >                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null; )
6034 >                    r = reducer.applyAsLong(r, transformer.applyAsLong(p.key, p.val));
6035 >                result = r;
6036 >                CountedCompleter<?> c;
6037 >                for (c = firstComplete(); c != null; c = c.nextComplete()) {
6038 >                    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
6039 >                    MapReduceMappingsToLongTask<K,V>
6040 >                        t = (MapReduceMappingsToLongTask<K,V>)c,
6041 >                        s = t.rights;
6042 >                    while (s != null) {
6043 >                        t.result = reducer.applyAsLong(t.result, s.result);
6044 >                        s = t.rights = s.nextRight;
6045 >                    }
6046 >                }
6047 >            }
6048 >        }
6049 >    }
6050 >
6051 >    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
6052 >    static final class MapReduceKeysToIntTask<K,V>
6053 >        extends BulkTask<K,V,Integer> {
6054 >        final ToIntFunction<? super K> transformer;
6055 >        final IntBinaryOperator reducer;
6056 >        final int basis;
6057 >        int result;
6058 >        MapReduceKeysToIntTask<K,V> rights, nextRight;
6059 >        MapReduceKeysToIntTask
6060 >            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
6061 >             MapReduceKeysToIntTask<K,V> nextRight,
6062 >             ToIntFunction<? super K> transformer,
6063 >             int basis,
6064 >             IntBinaryOperator reducer) {
6065 >            super(p, b, i, f, t); this.nextRight = nextRight;
6066 >            this.transformer = transformer;
6067 >            this.basis = basis; this.reducer = reducer;
6068 >        }
6069 >        public final Integer getRawResult() { return result; }
6070 >        public final void compute() {
6071 >            final ToIntFunction<? super K> transformer;
6072 >            final IntBinaryOperator reducer;
6073 >            if ((transformer = this.transformer) != null &&
6074 >                (reducer = this.reducer) != null) {
6075 >                int r = this.basis;
6076 >                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
6077 >                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
6078 >                    addToPendingCount(1);
6079 >                    (rights = new MapReduceKeysToIntTask<K,V>
6080 >                     (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
6081 >                      rights, transformer, r, reducer)).fork();
6082 >                }
6083 >                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null; )
6084 >                    r = reducer.applyAsInt(r, transformer.applyAsInt(p.key));
6085 >                result = r;
6086 >                CountedCompleter<?> c;
6087 >                for (c = firstComplete(); c != null; c = c.nextComplete()) {
6088 >                    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
6089 >                    MapReduceKeysToIntTask<K,V>
6090 >                        t = (MapReduceKeysToIntTask<K,V>)c,
6091 >                        s = t.rights;
6092 >                    while (s != null) {
6093 >                        t.result = reducer.applyAsInt(t.result, s.result);
6094 >                        s = t.rights = s.nextRight;
6095 >                    }
6096 >                }
6097 >            }
6098 >        }
6099 >    }
6100 >
6101 >    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
6102 >    static final class MapReduceValuesToIntTask<K,V>
6103 >        extends BulkTask<K,V,Integer> {
6104 >        final ToIntFunction<? super V> transformer;
6105 >        final IntBinaryOperator reducer;
6106 >        final int basis;
6107 >        int result;
6108 >        MapReduceValuesToIntTask<K,V> rights, nextRight;
6109 >        MapReduceValuesToIntTask
6110 >            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
6111 >             MapReduceValuesToIntTask<K,V> nextRight,
6112 >             ToIntFunction<? super V> transformer,
6113 >             int basis,
6114 >             IntBinaryOperator reducer) {
6115 >            super(p, b, i, f, t); this.nextRight = nextRight;
6116 >            this.transformer = transformer;
6117 >            this.basis = basis; this.reducer = reducer;
6118 >        }
6119 >        public final Integer getRawResult() { return result; }
6120 >        public final void compute() {
6121 >            final ToIntFunction<? super V> transformer;
6122 >            final IntBinaryOperator reducer;
6123 >            if ((transformer = this.transformer) != null &&
6124 >                (reducer = this.reducer) != null) {
6125 >                int r = this.basis;
6126 >                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
6127 >                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
6128 >                    addToPendingCount(1);
6129 >                    (rights = new MapReduceValuesToIntTask<K,V>
6130 >                     (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
6131 >                      rights, transformer, r, reducer)).fork();
6132 >                }
6133 >                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null; )
6134 >                    r = reducer.applyAsInt(r, transformer.applyAsInt(p.val));
6135 >                result = r;
6136 >                CountedCompleter<?> c;
6137 >                for (c = firstComplete(); c != null; c = c.nextComplete()) {
6138 >                    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
6139 >                    MapReduceValuesToIntTask<K,V>
6140 >                        t = (MapReduceValuesToIntTask<K,V>)c,
6141 >                        s = t.rights;
6142 >                    while (s != null) {
6143 >                        t.result = reducer.applyAsInt(t.result, s.result);
6144 >                        s = t.rights = s.nextRight;
6145 >                    }
6146 >                }
6147 >            }
6148 >        }
6149 >    }
6150 >
6151 >    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
6152 >    static final class MapReduceEntriesToIntTask<K,V>
6153 >        extends BulkTask<K,V,Integer> {
6154 >        final ToIntFunction<Map.Entry<K,V>> transformer;
6155 >        final IntBinaryOperator reducer;
6156 >        final int basis;
6157 >        int result;
6158 >        MapReduceEntriesToIntTask<K,V> rights, nextRight;
6159 >        MapReduceEntriesToIntTask
6160 >            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
6161 >             MapReduceEntriesToIntTask<K,V> nextRight,
6162 >             ToIntFunction<Map.Entry<K,V>> transformer,
6163 >             int basis,
6164 >             IntBinaryOperator reducer) {
6165 >            super(p, b, i, f, t); this.nextRight = nextRight;
6166 >            this.transformer = transformer;
6167 >            this.basis = basis; this.reducer = reducer;
6168 >        }
6169 >        public final Integer getRawResult() { return result; }
6170 >        public final void compute() {
6171 >            final ToIntFunction<Map.Entry<K,V>> transformer;
6172 >            final IntBinaryOperator reducer;
6173 >            if ((transformer = this.transformer) != null &&
6174 >                (reducer = this.reducer) != null) {
6175 >                int r = this.basis;
6176 >                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
6177 >                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
6178 >                    addToPendingCount(1);
6179 >                    (rights = new MapReduceEntriesToIntTask<K,V>
6180 >                     (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
6181 >                      rights, transformer, r, reducer)).fork();
6182 >                }
6183 >                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null; )
6184 >                    r = reducer.applyAsInt(r, transformer.applyAsInt(p));
6185 >                result = r;
6186 >                CountedCompleter<?> c;
6187 >                for (c = firstComplete(); c != null; c = c.nextComplete()) {
6188 >                    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
6189 >                    MapReduceEntriesToIntTask<K,V>
6190 >                        t = (MapReduceEntriesToIntTask<K,V>)c,
6191 >                        s = t.rights;
6192 >                    while (s != null) {
6193 >                        t.result = reducer.applyAsInt(t.result, s.result);
6194 >                        s = t.rights = s.nextRight;
6195 >                    }
6196 >                }
6197 >            }
6198 >        }
6199 >    }
6200 >
6201 >    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
6202 >    static final class MapReduceMappingsToIntTask<K,V>
6203 >        extends BulkTask<K,V,Integer> {
6204 >        final ToIntBiFunction<? super K, ? super V> transformer;
6205 >        final IntBinaryOperator reducer;
6206 >        final int basis;
6207 >        int result;
6208 >        MapReduceMappingsToIntTask<K,V> rights, nextRight;
6209 >        MapReduceMappingsToIntTask
6210 >            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
6211 >             MapReduceMappingsToIntTask<K,V> nextRight,
6212 >             ToIntBiFunction<? super K, ? super V> transformer,
6213 >             int basis,
6214 >             IntBinaryOperator reducer) {
6215 >            super(p, b, i, f, t); this.nextRight = nextRight;
6216 >            this.transformer = transformer;
6217 >            this.basis = basis; this.reducer = reducer;
6218 >        }
6219 >        public final Integer getRawResult() { return result; }
6220 >        public final void compute() {
6221 >            final ToIntBiFunction<? super K, ? super V> transformer;
6222 >            final IntBinaryOperator reducer;
6223 >            if ((transformer = this.transformer) != null &&
6224 >                (reducer = this.reducer) != null) {
6225 >                int r = this.basis;
6226 >                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
6227 >                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
6228 >                    addToPendingCount(1);
6229 >                    (rights = new MapReduceMappingsToIntTask<K,V>
6230 >                     (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
6231 >                      rights, transformer, r, reducer)).fork();
6232 >                }
6233 >                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null; )
6234 >                    r = reducer.applyAsInt(r, transformer.applyAsInt(p.key, p.val));
6235 >                result = r;
6236 >                CountedCompleter<?> c;
6237 >                for (c = firstComplete(); c != null; c = c.nextComplete()) {
6238 >                    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
6239 >                    MapReduceMappingsToIntTask<K,V>
6240 >                        t = (MapReduceMappingsToIntTask<K,V>)c,
6241 >                        s = t.rights;
6242 >                    while (s != null) {
6243 >                        t.result = reducer.applyAsInt(t.result, s.result);
6244 >                        s = t.rights = s.nextRight;
6245 >                    }
6246 >                }
6247 >            }
6248 >        }
6249 >    }
6250 >
6251 >    // Unsafe mechanics
6252 >    private static final sun.misc.Unsafe U;
6253 >    private static final long SIZECTL;
6254 >    private static final long TRANSFERINDEX;
6255 >    private static final long BASECOUNT;
6256 >    private static final long CELLSBUSY;
6257 >    private static final long CELLVALUE;
6258 >    private static final long ABASE;
6259 >    private static final int ASHIFT;
6260 >
6261 >    static {
6262 >        try {
6263 >            U = sun.misc.Unsafe.getUnsafe();
6264 >            Class<?> k = ConcurrentHashMap.class;
6265 >            SIZECTL = U.objectFieldOffset
6266 >                (k.getDeclaredField("sizeCtl"));
6267 >            TRANSFERINDEX = U.objectFieldOffset
6268 >                (k.getDeclaredField("transferIndex"));
6269 >            BASECOUNT = U.objectFieldOffset
6270 >                (k.getDeclaredField("baseCount"));
6271 >            CELLSBUSY = U.objectFieldOffset
6272 >                (k.getDeclaredField("cellsBusy"));
6273 >            Class<?> ck = CounterCell.class;
6274 >            CELLVALUE = U.objectFieldOffset
6275 >                (ck.getDeclaredField("value"));
6276 >            Class<?> ak = Node[].class;
6277 >            ABASE = U.arrayBaseOffset(ak);
6278 >            int scale = U.arrayIndexScale(ak);
6279 >            if ((scale & (scale - 1)) != 0)
6280 >                throw new Error("data type scale not a power of two");
6281 >            ASHIFT = 31 - Integer.numberOfLeadingZeros(scale);
6282 >        } catch (Exception e) {
6283 >            throw new Error(e);
6284          }
6285      }
6286   }
1048        

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