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Comparing jsr166/src/main/java/util/concurrent/ConcurrentHashMap.java (file contents):
Revision 1.89 by dl, Tue Jun 6 11:17:58 2006 UTC vs.
Revision 1.274 by jsr166, Sun Sep 6 00:57:56 2015 UTC

# Line 1 | Line 1
1   /*
2   * Written by Doug Lea with assistance from members of JCP JSR-166
3   * Expert Group and released to the public domain, as explained at
4 < * http://creativecommons.org/licenses/publicdomain
4 > * http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
5   */
6  
7   package java.util.concurrent;
8 < import java.util.concurrent.locks.*;
9 < import java.util.*;
8 >
9 > import java.io.ObjectStreamField;
10   import java.io.Serializable;
11 < import java.io.IOException;
12 < import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
13 < import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
11 > import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
12 > import java.lang.reflect.Type;
13 > import java.util.AbstractMap;
14 > import java.util.Arrays;
15 > import java.util.Collection;
16 > import java.util.Enumeration;
17 > import java.util.HashMap;
18 > import java.util.Hashtable;
19 > import java.util.Iterator;
20 > import java.util.Map;
21 > import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
22 > import java.util.Set;
23 > import java.util.Spliterator;
24 > import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
25 > import java.util.concurrent.locks.LockSupport;
26 > import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
27 > import java.util.function.BiConsumer;
28 > import java.util.function.BiFunction;
29 > import java.util.function.Consumer;
30 > import java.util.function.DoubleBinaryOperator;
31 > import java.util.function.Function;
32 > import java.util.function.IntBinaryOperator;
33 > import java.util.function.LongBinaryOperator;
34 > import java.util.function.Predicate;
35 > import java.util.function.ToDoubleBiFunction;
36 > import java.util.function.ToDoubleFunction;
37 > import java.util.function.ToIntBiFunction;
38 > import java.util.function.ToIntFunction;
39 > import java.util.function.ToLongBiFunction;
40 > import java.util.function.ToLongFunction;
41 > import java.util.stream.Stream;
42  
43   /**
44   * A hash table supporting full concurrency of retrievals and
45 < * adjustable expected concurrency for updates. This class obeys the
45 > * high expected concurrency for updates. This class obeys the
46   * same functional specification as {@link java.util.Hashtable}, and
47   * includes versions of methods corresponding to each method of
48 < * <tt>Hashtable</tt>. However, even though all operations are
48 > * {@code Hashtable}. However, even though all operations are
49   * thread-safe, retrieval operations do <em>not</em> entail locking,
50   * and there is <em>not</em> any support for locking the entire table
51   * in a way that prevents all access.  This class is fully
52 < * interoperable with <tt>Hashtable</tt> in programs that rely on its
52 > * interoperable with {@code Hashtable} in programs that rely on its
53   * thread safety but not on its synchronization details.
54   *
55 < * <p> Retrieval operations (including <tt>get</tt>) generally do not
56 < * block, so may overlap with update operations (including
57 < * <tt>put</tt> and <tt>remove</tt>). Retrievals reflect the results
58 < * of the most recently <em>completed</em> update operations holding
59 < * upon their onset.  For aggregate operations such as <tt>putAll</tt>
60 < * and <tt>clear</tt>, concurrent retrievals may reflect insertion or
61 < * removal of only some entries.  Similarly, Iterators and
62 < * Enumerations return elements reflecting the state of the hash table
63 < * at some point at or since the creation of the iterator/enumeration.
64 < * They do <em>not</em> throw {@link ConcurrentModificationException}.
55 > * <p>Retrieval operations (including {@code get}) generally do not
56 > * block, so may overlap with update operations (including {@code put}
57 > * and {@code remove}). Retrievals reflect the results of the most
58 > * recently <em>completed</em> update operations holding upon their
59 > * onset. (More formally, an update operation for a given key bears a
60 > * <em>happens-before</em> relation with any (non-null) retrieval for
61 > * that key reporting the updated value.)  For aggregate operations
62 > * such as {@code putAll} and {@code clear}, concurrent retrievals may
63 > * reflect insertion or removal of only some entries.  Similarly,
64 > * Iterators, Spliterators and Enumerations return elements reflecting the
65 > * state of the hash table at some point at or since the creation of the
66 > * iterator/enumeration.  They do <em>not</em> throw {@link
67 > * java.util.ConcurrentModificationException ConcurrentModificationException}.
68   * However, iterators are designed to be used by only one thread at a time.
69 + * Bear in mind that the results of aggregate status methods including
70 + * {@code size}, {@code isEmpty}, and {@code containsValue} are typically
71 + * useful only when a map is not undergoing concurrent updates in other threads.
72 + * Otherwise the results of these methods reflect transient states
73 + * that may be adequate for monitoring or estimation purposes, but not
74 + * for program control.
75 + *
76 + * <p>The table is dynamically expanded when there are too many
77 + * collisions (i.e., keys that have distinct hash codes but fall into
78 + * the same slot modulo the table size), with the expected average
79 + * effect of maintaining roughly two bins per mapping (corresponding
80 + * to a 0.75 load factor threshold for resizing). There may be much
81 + * variance around this average as mappings are added and removed, but
82 + * overall, this maintains a commonly accepted time/space tradeoff for
83 + * hash tables.  However, resizing this or any other kind of hash
84 + * table may be a relatively slow operation. When possible, it is a
85 + * good idea to provide a size estimate as an optional {@code
86 + * initialCapacity} constructor argument. An additional optional
87 + * {@code loadFactor} constructor argument provides a further means of
88 + * customizing initial table capacity by specifying the table density
89 + * to be used in calculating the amount of space to allocate for the
90 + * given number of elements.  Also, for compatibility with previous
91 + * versions of this class, constructors may optionally specify an
92 + * expected {@code concurrencyLevel} as an additional hint for
93 + * internal sizing.  Note that using many keys with exactly the same
94 + * {@code hashCode()} is a sure way to slow down performance of any
95 + * hash table. To ameliorate impact, when keys are {@link Comparable},
96 + * this class may use comparison order among keys to help break ties.
97 + *
98 + * <p>A {@link Set} projection of a ConcurrentHashMap may be created
99 + * (using {@link #newKeySet()} or {@link #newKeySet(int)}), or viewed
100 + * (using {@link #keySet(Object)} when only keys are of interest, and the
101 + * mapped values are (perhaps transiently) not used or all take the
102 + * same mapping value.
103   *
104 < * <p> The allowed concurrency among update operations is guided by
105 < * the optional <tt>concurrencyLevel</tt> constructor argument
106 < * (default <tt>16</tt>), which is used as a hint for internal sizing.  The
107 < * table is internally partitioned to try to permit the indicated
108 < * number of concurrent updates without contention. Because placement
109 < * in hash tables is essentially random, the actual concurrency will
45 < * vary.  Ideally, you should choose a value to accommodate as many
46 < * threads as will ever concurrently modify the table. Using a
47 < * significantly higher value than you need can waste space and time,
48 < * and a significantly lower value can lead to thread contention. But
49 < * overestimates and underestimates within an order of magnitude do
50 < * not usually have much noticeable impact. A value of one is
51 < * appropriate when it is known that only one thread will modify and
52 < * all others will only read. Also, resizing this or any other kind of
53 < * hash table is a relatively slow operation, so, when possible, it is
54 < * a good idea to provide estimates of expected table sizes in
55 < * constructors.
104 > * <p>A ConcurrentHashMap can be used as a scalable frequency map (a
105 > * form of histogram or multiset) by using {@link
106 > * java.util.concurrent.atomic.LongAdder} values and initializing via
107 > * {@link #computeIfAbsent computeIfAbsent}. For example, to add a count
108 > * to a {@code ConcurrentHashMap<String,LongAdder> freqs}, you can use
109 > * {@code freqs.computeIfAbsent(key, k -> new LongAdder()).increment();}
110   *
111   * <p>This class and its views and iterators implement all of the
112   * <em>optional</em> methods of the {@link Map} and {@link Iterator}
113   * interfaces.
114   *
115 < * <p> Like {@link Hashtable} but unlike {@link HashMap}, this class
116 < * does <em>not</em> allow <tt>null</tt> to be used as a key or value.
115 > * <p>Like {@link Hashtable} but unlike {@link HashMap}, this class
116 > * does <em>not</em> allow {@code null} to be used as a key or value.
117 > *
118 > * <p>ConcurrentHashMaps support a set of sequential and parallel bulk
119 > * operations that, unlike most {@link Stream} methods, are designed
120 > * to be safely, and often sensibly, applied even with maps that are
121 > * being concurrently updated by other threads; for example, when
122 > * computing a snapshot summary of the values in a shared registry.
123 > * There are three kinds of operation, each with four forms, accepting
124 > * functions with Keys, Values, Entries, and (Key, Value) arguments
125 > * and/or return values. Because the elements of a ConcurrentHashMap
126 > * are not ordered in any particular way, and may be processed in
127 > * different orders in different parallel executions, the correctness
128 > * of supplied functions should not depend on any ordering, or on any
129 > * other objects or values that may transiently change while
130 > * computation is in progress; and except for forEach actions, should
131 > * ideally be side-effect-free. Bulk operations on {@link java.util.Map.Entry}
132 > * objects do not support method {@code setValue}.
133 > *
134 > * <ul>
135 > * <li> forEach: Perform a given action on each element.
136 > * A variant form applies a given transformation on each element
137 > * before performing the action.</li>
138 > *
139 > * <li> search: Return the first available non-null result of
140 > * applying a given function on each element; skipping further
141 > * search when a result is found.</li>
142 > *
143 > * <li> reduce: Accumulate each element.  The supplied reduction
144 > * function cannot rely on ordering (more formally, it should be
145 > * both associative and commutative).  There are five variants:
146 > *
147 > * <ul>
148 > *
149 > * <li> Plain reductions. (There is not a form of this method for
150 > * (key, value) function arguments since there is no corresponding
151 > * return type.)</li>
152 > *
153 > * <li> Mapped reductions that accumulate the results of a given
154 > * function applied to each element.</li>
155 > *
156 > * <li> Reductions to scalar doubles, longs, and ints, using a
157 > * given basis value.</li>
158 > *
159 > * </ul>
160 > * </li>
161 > * </ul>
162 > *
163 > * <p>These bulk operations accept a {@code parallelismThreshold}
164 > * argument. Methods proceed sequentially if the current map size is
165 > * estimated to be less than the given threshold. Using a value of
166 > * {@code Long.MAX_VALUE} suppresses all parallelism.  Using a value
167 > * of {@code 1} results in maximal parallelism by partitioning into
168 > * enough subtasks to fully utilize the {@link
169 > * ForkJoinPool#commonPool()} that is used for all parallel
170 > * computations. Normally, you would initially choose one of these
171 > * extreme values, and then measure performance of using in-between
172 > * values that trade off overhead versus throughput.
173 > *
174 > * <p>The concurrency properties of bulk operations follow
175 > * from those of ConcurrentHashMap: Any non-null result returned
176 > * from {@code get(key)} and related access methods bears a
177 > * happens-before relation with the associated insertion or
178 > * update.  The result of any bulk operation reflects the
179 > * composition of these per-element relations (but is not
180 > * necessarily atomic with respect to the map as a whole unless it
181 > * is somehow known to be quiescent).  Conversely, because keys
182 > * and values in the map are never null, null serves as a reliable
183 > * atomic indicator of the current lack of any result.  To
184 > * maintain this property, null serves as an implicit basis for
185 > * all non-scalar reduction operations. For the double, long, and
186 > * int versions, the basis should be one that, when combined with
187 > * any other value, returns that other value (more formally, it
188 > * should be the identity element for the reduction). Most common
189 > * reductions have these properties; for example, computing a sum
190 > * with basis 0 or a minimum with basis MAX_VALUE.
191 > *
192 > * <p>Search and transformation functions provided as arguments
193 > * should similarly return null to indicate the lack of any result
194 > * (in which case it is not used). In the case of mapped
195 > * reductions, this also enables transformations to serve as
196 > * filters, returning null (or, in the case of primitive
197 > * specializations, the identity basis) if the element should not
198 > * be combined. You can create compound transformations and
199 > * filterings by composing them yourself under this "null means
200 > * there is nothing there now" rule before using them in search or
201 > * reduce operations.
202 > *
203 > * <p>Methods accepting and/or returning Entry arguments maintain
204 > * key-value associations. They may be useful for example when
205 > * finding the key for the greatest value. Note that "plain" Entry
206 > * arguments can be supplied using {@code new
207 > * AbstractMap.SimpleEntry(k,v)}.
208 > *
209 > * <p>Bulk operations may complete abruptly, throwing an
210 > * exception encountered in the application of a supplied
211 > * function. Bear in mind when handling such exceptions that other
212 > * concurrently executing functions could also have thrown
213 > * exceptions, or would have done so if the first exception had
214 > * not occurred.
215 > *
216 > * <p>Speedups for parallel compared to sequential forms are common
217 > * but not guaranteed.  Parallel operations involving brief functions
218 > * on small maps may execute more slowly than sequential forms if the
219 > * underlying work to parallelize the computation is more expensive
220 > * than the computation itself.  Similarly, parallelization may not
221 > * lead to much actual parallelism if all processors are busy
222 > * performing unrelated tasks.
223 > *
224 > * <p>All arguments to all task methods must be non-null.
225   *
226   * <p>This class is a member of the
227   * <a href="{@docRoot}/../technotes/guides/collections/index.html">
# Line 70 | Line 232 | import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
232   * @param <K> the type of keys maintained by this map
233   * @param <V> the type of mapped values
234   */
235 < public class ConcurrentHashMap<K, V> extends AbstractMap<K, V>
236 <        implements ConcurrentMap<K, V>, Serializable {
235 > public class ConcurrentHashMap<K,V> extends AbstractMap<K,V>
236 >    implements ConcurrentMap<K,V>, Serializable {
237      private static final long serialVersionUID = 7249069246763182397L;
238  
239      /*
240 <     * The basic strategy is to subdivide the table among Segments,
241 <     * each of which itself is a concurrently readable hash table.
240 >     * Overview:
241 >     *
242 >     * The primary design goal of this hash table is to maintain
243 >     * concurrent readability (typically method get(), but also
244 >     * iterators and related methods) while minimizing update
245 >     * contention. Secondary goals are to keep space consumption about
246 >     * the same or better than java.util.HashMap, and to support high
247 >     * initial insertion rates on an empty table by many threads.
248 >     *
249 >     * This map usually acts as a binned (bucketed) hash table.  Each
250 >     * key-value mapping is held in a Node.  Most nodes are instances
251 >     * of the basic Node class with hash, key, value, and next
252 >     * fields. However, various subclasses exist: TreeNodes are
253 >     * arranged in balanced trees, not lists.  TreeBins hold the roots
254 >     * of sets of TreeNodes. ForwardingNodes are placed at the heads
255 >     * of bins during resizing. ReservationNodes are used as
256 >     * placeholders while establishing values in computeIfAbsent and
257 >     * related methods.  The types TreeBin, ForwardingNode, and
258 >     * ReservationNode do not hold normal user keys, values, or
259 >     * hashes, and are readily distinguishable during search etc
260 >     * because they have negative hash fields and null key and value
261 >     * fields. (These special nodes are either uncommon or transient,
262 >     * so the impact of carrying around some unused fields is
263 >     * insignificant.)
264 >     *
265 >     * The table is lazily initialized to a power-of-two size upon the
266 >     * first insertion.  Each bin in the table normally contains a
267 >     * list of Nodes (most often, the list has only zero or one Node).
268 >     * Table accesses require volatile/atomic reads, writes, and
269 >     * CASes.  Because there is no other way to arrange this without
270 >     * adding further indirections, we use intrinsics
271 >     * (sun.misc.Unsafe) operations.
272 >     *
273 >     * We use the top (sign) bit of Node hash fields for control
274 >     * purposes -- it is available anyway because of addressing
275 >     * constraints.  Nodes with negative hash fields are specially
276 >     * handled or ignored in map methods.
277 >     *
278 >     * Insertion (via put or its variants) of the first node in an
279 >     * empty bin is performed by just CASing it to the bin.  This is
280 >     * by far the most common case for put operations under most
281 >     * key/hash distributions.  Other update operations (insert,
282 >     * delete, and replace) require locks.  We do not want to waste
283 >     * the space required to associate a distinct lock object with
284 >     * each bin, so instead use the first node of a bin list itself as
285 >     * a lock. Locking support for these locks relies on builtin
286 >     * "synchronized" monitors.
287 >     *
288 >     * Using the first node of a list as a lock does not by itself
289 >     * suffice though: When a node is locked, any update must first
290 >     * validate that it is still the first node after locking it, and
291 >     * retry if not. Because new nodes are always appended to lists,
292 >     * once a node is first in a bin, it remains first until deleted
293 >     * or the bin becomes invalidated (upon resizing).
294 >     *
295 >     * The main disadvantage of per-bin locks is that other update
296 >     * operations on other nodes in a bin list protected by the same
297 >     * lock can stall, for example when user equals() or mapping
298 >     * functions take a long time.  However, statistically, under
299 >     * random hash codes, this is not a common problem.  Ideally, the
300 >     * frequency of nodes in bins follows a Poisson distribution
301 >     * (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poisson_distribution) with a
302 >     * parameter of about 0.5 on average, given the resizing threshold
303 >     * of 0.75, although with a large variance because of resizing
304 >     * granularity. Ignoring variance, the expected occurrences of
305 >     * list size k are (exp(-0.5) * pow(0.5, k) / factorial(k)). The
306 >     * first values are:
307 >     *
308 >     * 0:    0.60653066
309 >     * 1:    0.30326533
310 >     * 2:    0.07581633
311 >     * 3:    0.01263606
312 >     * 4:    0.00157952
313 >     * 5:    0.00015795
314 >     * 6:    0.00001316
315 >     * 7:    0.00000094
316 >     * 8:    0.00000006
317 >     * more: less than 1 in ten million
318 >     *
319 >     * Lock contention probability for two threads accessing distinct
320 >     * elements is roughly 1 / (8 * #elements) under random hashes.
321 >     *
322 >     * Actual hash code distributions encountered in practice
323 >     * sometimes deviate significantly from uniform randomness.  This
324 >     * includes the case when N > (1<<30), so some keys MUST collide.
325 >     * Similarly for dumb or hostile usages in which multiple keys are
326 >     * designed to have identical hash codes or ones that differs only
327 >     * in masked-out high bits. So we use a secondary strategy that
328 >     * applies when the number of nodes in a bin exceeds a
329 >     * threshold. These TreeBins use a balanced tree to hold nodes (a
330 >     * specialized form of red-black trees), bounding search time to
331 >     * O(log N).  Each search step in a TreeBin is at least twice as
332 >     * slow as in a regular list, but given that N cannot exceed
333 >     * (1<<64) (before running out of addresses) this bounds search
334 >     * steps, lock hold times, etc, to reasonable constants (roughly
335 >     * 100 nodes inspected per operation worst case) so long as keys
336 >     * are Comparable (which is very common -- String, Long, etc).
337 >     * TreeBin nodes (TreeNodes) also maintain the same "next"
338 >     * traversal pointers as regular nodes, so can be traversed in
339 >     * iterators in the same way.
340 >     *
341 >     * The table is resized when occupancy exceeds a percentage
342 >     * threshold (nominally, 0.75, but see below).  Any thread
343 >     * noticing an overfull bin may assist in resizing after the
344 >     * initiating thread allocates and sets up the replacement array.
345 >     * However, rather than stalling, these other threads may proceed
346 >     * with insertions etc.  The use of TreeBins shields us from the
347 >     * worst case effects of overfilling while resizes are in
348 >     * progress.  Resizing proceeds by transferring bins, one by one,
349 >     * from the table to the next table. However, threads claim small
350 >     * blocks of indices to transfer (via field transferIndex) before
351 >     * doing so, reducing contention.  A generation stamp in field
352 >     * sizeCtl ensures that resizings do not overlap. Because we are
353 >     * using power-of-two expansion, the elements from each bin must
354 >     * either stay at same index, or move with a power of two
355 >     * offset. We eliminate unnecessary node creation by catching
356 >     * cases where old nodes can be reused because their next fields
357 >     * won't change.  On average, only about one-sixth of them need
358 >     * cloning when a table doubles. The nodes they replace will be
359 >     * garbage collectable as soon as they are no longer referenced by
360 >     * any reader thread that may be in the midst of concurrently
361 >     * traversing table.  Upon transfer, the old table bin contains
362 >     * only a special forwarding node (with hash field "MOVED") that
363 >     * contains the next table as its key. On encountering a
364 >     * forwarding node, access and update operations restart, using
365 >     * the new table.
366 >     *
367 >     * Each bin transfer requires its bin lock, which can stall
368 >     * waiting for locks while resizing. However, because other
369 >     * threads can join in and help resize rather than contend for
370 >     * locks, average aggregate waits become shorter as resizing
371 >     * progresses.  The transfer operation must also ensure that all
372 >     * accessible bins in both the old and new table are usable by any
373 >     * traversal.  This is arranged in part by proceeding from the
374 >     * last bin (table.length - 1) up towards the first.  Upon seeing
375 >     * a forwarding node, traversals (see class Traverser) arrange to
376 >     * move to the new table without revisiting nodes.  To ensure that
377 >     * no intervening nodes are skipped even when moved out of order,
378 >     * a stack (see class TableStack) is created on first encounter of
379 >     * a forwarding node during a traversal, to maintain its place if
380 >     * later processing the current table. The need for these
381 >     * save/restore mechanics is relatively rare, but when one
382 >     * forwarding node is encountered, typically many more will be.
383 >     * So Traversers use a simple caching scheme to avoid creating so
384 >     * many new TableStack nodes. (Thanks to Peter Levart for
385 >     * suggesting use of a stack here.)
386 >     *
387 >     * The traversal scheme also applies to partial traversals of
388 >     * ranges of bins (via an alternate Traverser constructor)
389 >     * to support partitioned aggregate operations.  Also, read-only
390 >     * operations give up if ever forwarded to a null table, which
391 >     * provides support for shutdown-style clearing, which is also not
392 >     * currently implemented.
393 >     *
394 >     * Lazy table initialization minimizes footprint until first use,
395 >     * and also avoids resizings when the first operation is from a
396 >     * putAll, constructor with map argument, or deserialization.
397 >     * These cases attempt to override the initial capacity settings,
398 >     * but harmlessly fail to take effect in cases of races.
399 >     *
400 >     * The element count is maintained using a specialization of
401 >     * LongAdder. We need to incorporate a specialization rather than
402 >     * just use a LongAdder in order to access implicit
403 >     * contention-sensing that leads to creation of multiple
404 >     * CounterCells.  The counter mechanics avoid contention on
405 >     * updates but can encounter cache thrashing if read too
406 >     * frequently during concurrent access. To avoid reading so often,
407 >     * resizing under contention is attempted only upon adding to a
408 >     * bin already holding two or more nodes. Under uniform hash
409 >     * distributions, the probability of this occurring at threshold
410 >     * is around 13%, meaning that only about 1 in 8 puts check
411 >     * threshold (and after resizing, many fewer do so).
412 >     *
413 >     * TreeBins use a special form of comparison for search and
414 >     * related operations (which is the main reason we cannot use
415 >     * existing collections such as TreeMaps). TreeBins contain
416 >     * Comparable elements, but may contain others, as well as
417 >     * elements that are Comparable but not necessarily Comparable for
418 >     * the same T, so we cannot invoke compareTo among them. To handle
419 >     * this, the tree is ordered primarily by hash value, then by
420 >     * Comparable.compareTo order if applicable.  On lookup at a node,
421 >     * if elements are not comparable or compare as 0 then both left
422 >     * and right children may need to be searched in the case of tied
423 >     * hash values. (This corresponds to the full list search that
424 >     * would be necessary if all elements were non-Comparable and had
425 >     * tied hashes.) On insertion, to keep a total ordering (or as
426 >     * close as is required here) across rebalancings, we compare
427 >     * classes and identityHashCodes as tie-breakers. The red-black
428 >     * balancing code is updated from pre-jdk-collections
429 >     * (http://gee.cs.oswego.edu/dl/classes/collections/RBCell.java)
430 >     * based in turn on Cormen, Leiserson, and Rivest "Introduction to
431 >     * Algorithms" (CLR).
432 >     *
433 >     * TreeBins also require an additional locking mechanism.  While
434 >     * list traversal is always possible by readers even during
435 >     * updates, tree traversal is not, mainly because of tree-rotations
436 >     * that may change the root node and/or its linkages.  TreeBins
437 >     * include a simple read-write lock mechanism parasitic on the
438 >     * main bin-synchronization strategy: Structural adjustments
439 >     * associated with an insertion or removal are already bin-locked
440 >     * (and so cannot conflict with other writers) but must wait for
441 >     * ongoing readers to finish. Since there can be only one such
442 >     * waiter, we use a simple scheme using a single "waiter" field to
443 >     * block writers.  However, readers need never block.  If the root
444 >     * lock is held, they proceed along the slow traversal path (via
445 >     * next-pointers) until the lock becomes available or the list is
446 >     * exhausted, whichever comes first. These cases are not fast, but
447 >     * maximize aggregate expected throughput.
448 >     *
449 >     * Maintaining API and serialization compatibility with previous
450 >     * versions of this class introduces several oddities. Mainly: We
451 >     * leave untouched but unused constructor arguments referring to
452 >     * concurrencyLevel. We accept a loadFactor constructor argument,
453 >     * but apply it only to initial table capacity (which is the only
454 >     * time that we can guarantee to honor it.) We also declare an
455 >     * unused "Segment" class that is instantiated in minimal form
456 >     * only when serializing.
457 >     *
458 >     * Also, solely for compatibility with previous versions of this
459 >     * class, it extends AbstractMap, even though all of its methods
460 >     * are overridden, so it is just useless baggage.
461 >     *
462 >     * This file is organized to make things a little easier to follow
463 >     * while reading than they might otherwise: First the main static
464 >     * declarations and utilities, then fields, then main public
465 >     * methods (with a few factorings of multiple public methods into
466 >     * internal ones), then sizing methods, trees, traversers, and
467 >     * bulk operations.
468       */
469  
470      /* ---------------- Constants -------------- */
471  
472      /**
473 <     * The default initial capacity for this table,
474 <     * used when not otherwise specified in a constructor.
473 >     * The largest possible table capacity.  This value must be
474 >     * exactly 1<<30 to stay within Java array allocation and indexing
475 >     * bounds for power of two table sizes, and is further required
476 >     * because the top two bits of 32bit hash fields are used for
477 >     * control purposes.
478       */
479 <    static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 16;
479 >    private static final int MAXIMUM_CAPACITY = 1 << 30;
480  
481      /**
482 <     * The default load factor for this table, used when not
483 <     * otherwise specified in a constructor.
482 >     * The default initial table capacity.  Must be a power of 2
483 >     * (i.e., at least 1) and at most MAXIMUM_CAPACITY.
484       */
485 <    static final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f;
485 >    private static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 16;
486  
487      /**
488 <     * The default concurrency level for this table, used when not
489 <     * otherwise specified in a constructor.
488 >     * The largest possible (non-power of two) array size.
489 >     * Needed by toArray and related methods.
490       */
491 <    static final int DEFAULT_CONCURRENCY_LEVEL = 16;
491 >    static final int MAX_ARRAY_SIZE = Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8;
492  
493      /**
494 <     * The maximum capacity, used if a higher value is implicitly
495 <     * specified by either of the constructors with arguments.  MUST
105 <     * be a power of two <= 1<<30 to ensure that entries are indexable
106 <     * using ints.
494 >     * The default concurrency level for this table. Unused but
495 >     * defined for compatibility with previous versions of this class.
496       */
497 <    static final int MAXIMUM_CAPACITY = 1 << 30;
497 >    private static final int DEFAULT_CONCURRENCY_LEVEL = 16;
498  
499      /**
500 <     * The maximum number of segments to allow; used to bound
501 <     * constructor arguments.
500 >     * The load factor for this table. Overrides of this value in
501 >     * constructors affect only the initial table capacity.  The
502 >     * actual floating point value isn't normally used -- it is
503 >     * simpler to use expressions such as {@code n - (n >>> 2)} for
504 >     * the associated resizing threshold.
505       */
506 <    static final int MAX_SEGMENTS = 1 << 16; // slightly conservative
506 >    private static final float LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f;
507  
508      /**
509 <     * Number of unsynchronized retries in size and containsValue
510 <     * methods before resorting to locking. This is used to avoid
511 <     * unbounded retries if tables undergo continuous modification
512 <     * which would make it impossible to obtain an accurate result.
509 >     * The bin count threshold for using a tree rather than list for a
510 >     * bin.  Bins are converted to trees when adding an element to a
511 >     * bin with at least this many nodes. The value must be greater
512 >     * than 2, and should be at least 8 to mesh with assumptions in
513 >     * tree removal about conversion back to plain bins upon
514 >     * shrinkage.
515       */
516 <    static final int RETRIES_BEFORE_LOCK = 2;
123 <
124 <    /* ---------------- Fields -------------- */
516 >    static final int TREEIFY_THRESHOLD = 8;
517  
518      /**
519 <     * Mask value for indexing into segments. The upper bits of a
520 <     * key's hash code are used to choose the segment.
519 >     * The bin count threshold for untreeifying a (split) bin during a
520 >     * resize operation. Should be less than TREEIFY_THRESHOLD, and at
521 >     * most 6 to mesh with shrinkage detection under removal.
522       */
523 <    final int segmentMask;
523 >    static final int UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD = 6;
524  
525      /**
526 <     * Shift value for indexing within segments.
526 >     * The smallest table capacity for which bins may be treeified.
527 >     * (Otherwise the table is resized if too many nodes in a bin.)
528 >     * The value should be at least 4 * TREEIFY_THRESHOLD to avoid
529 >     * conflicts between resizing and treeification thresholds.
530       */
531 <    final int segmentShift;
531 >    static final int MIN_TREEIFY_CAPACITY = 64;
532  
533      /**
534 <     * The segments, each of which is a specialized hash table
534 >     * Minimum number of rebinnings per transfer step. Ranges are
535 >     * subdivided to allow multiple resizer threads.  This value
536 >     * serves as a lower bound to avoid resizers encountering
537 >     * excessive memory contention.  The value should be at least
538 >     * DEFAULT_CAPACITY.
539       */
540 <    final Segment<K,V>[] segments;
141 <
142 <    transient Set<K> keySet;
143 <    transient Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet;
144 <    transient Collection<V> values;
145 <
146 <    /* ---------------- Small Utilities -------------- */
540 >    private static final int MIN_TRANSFER_STRIDE = 16;
541  
542      /**
543 <     * Applies a supplemental hash function to a given hashCode, which
544 <     * defends against poor quality hash functions.  This is critical
151 <     * because HashMap uses power-of two length hash tables, that
152 <     * otherwise encounter collisions for hashCodes that do not differ
153 <     * in lower bits.
543 >     * The number of bits used for generation stamp in sizeCtl.
544 >     * Must be at least 6 for 32bit arrays.
545       */
546 <    static int hash(int h) {
156 <        // This function ensures that hashCodes that differ only by
157 <        // constant multiples at each bit position have a bounded
158 <        // number of collisions (approximately 8 at default load factor).
159 <        h ^= (h >>> 20) ^ (h >>> 12);
160 <        return h ^ (h >>> 7) ^ (h >>> 4);
161 <    }
546 >    private static int RESIZE_STAMP_BITS = 16;
547  
548      /**
549 <     * Returns the segment that should be used for key with given hash
550 <     * @param hash the hash code for the key
166 <     * @return the segment
549 >     * The maximum number of threads that can help resize.
550 >     * Must fit in 32 - RESIZE_STAMP_BITS bits.
551       */
552 <    final Segment<K,V> segmentFor(int hash) {
169 <        return segments[(hash >>> segmentShift) & segmentMask];
170 <    }
171 <
172 <    /* ---------------- Inner Classes -------------- */
552 >    private static final int MAX_RESIZERS = (1 << (32 - RESIZE_STAMP_BITS)) - 1;
553  
554      /**
555 <     * ConcurrentHashMap list entry. Note that this is never exported
176 <     * out as a user-visible Map.Entry.
177 <     *
178 <     * Because the value field is volatile, not final, it is legal wrt
179 <     * the Java Memory Model for an unsynchronized reader to see null
180 <     * instead of initial value when read via a data race.  Although a
181 <     * reordering leading to this is not likely to ever actually
182 <     * occur, the Segment.readValueUnderLock method is used as a
183 <     * backup in case a null (pre-initialized) value is ever seen in
184 <     * an unsynchronized access method.
555 >     * The bit shift for recording size stamp in sizeCtl.
556       */
557 <    static final class HashEntry<K,V> {
187 <        final K key;
188 <        final int hash;
189 <        volatile V value;
190 <        final HashEntry<K,V> next;
557 >    private static final int RESIZE_STAMP_SHIFT = 32 - RESIZE_STAMP_BITS;
558  
559 <        HashEntry(K key, int hash, HashEntry<K,V> next, V value) {
560 <            this.key = key;
561 <            this.hash = hash;
562 <            this.next = next;
563 <            this.value = value;
564 <        }
559 >    /*
560 >     * Encodings for Node hash fields. See above for explanation.
561 >     */
562 >    static final int MOVED     = -1; // hash for forwarding nodes
563 >    static final int TREEBIN   = -2; // hash for roots of trees
564 >    static final int RESERVED  = -3; // hash for transient reservations
565 >    static final int HASH_BITS = 0x7fffffff; // usable bits of normal node hash
566 >
567 >    /** Number of CPUS, to place bounds on some sizings */
568 >    static final int NCPU = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors();
569 >
570 >    /** For serialization compatibility. */
571 >    private static final ObjectStreamField[] serialPersistentFields = {
572 >        new ObjectStreamField("segments", Segment[].class),
573 >        new ObjectStreamField("segmentMask", Integer.TYPE),
574 >        new ObjectStreamField("segmentShift", Integer.TYPE)
575 >    };
576  
577 <        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
200 <        static final <K,V> HashEntry<K,V>[] newArray(int i) {
201 <            return new HashEntry[i];
202 <        }
203 <    }
577 >    /* ---------------- Nodes -------------- */
578  
579      /**
580 <     * Segments are specialized versions of hash tables.  This
581 <     * subclasses from ReentrantLock opportunistically, just to
582 <     * simplify some locking and avoid separate construction.
580 >     * Key-value entry.  This class is never exported out as a
581 >     * user-mutable Map.Entry (i.e., one supporting setValue; see
582 >     * MapEntry below), but can be used for read-only traversals used
583 >     * in bulk tasks.  Subclasses of Node with a negative hash field
584 >     * are special, and contain null keys and values (but are never
585 >     * exported).  Otherwise, keys and vals are never null.
586       */
587 <    static final class Segment<K,V> extends ReentrantLock implements Serializable {
588 <        /*
589 <         * Segments maintain a table of entry lists that are ALWAYS
590 <         * kept in a consistent state, so can be read without locking.
591 <         * Next fields of nodes are immutable (final).  All list
215 <         * additions are performed at the front of each bin. This
216 <         * makes it easy to check changes, and also fast to traverse.
217 <         * When nodes would otherwise be changed, new nodes are
218 <         * created to replace them. This works well for hash tables
219 <         * since the bin lists tend to be short. (The average length
220 <         * is less than two for the default load factor threshold.)
221 <         *
222 <         * Read operations can thus proceed without locking, but rely
223 <         * on selected uses of volatiles to ensure that completed
224 <         * write operations performed by other threads are
225 <         * noticed. For most purposes, the "count" field, tracking the
226 <         * number of elements, serves as that volatile variable
227 <         * ensuring visibility.  This is convenient because this field
228 <         * needs to be read in many read operations anyway:
229 <         *
230 <         *   - All (unsynchronized) read operations must first read the
231 <         *     "count" field, and should not look at table entries if
232 <         *     it is 0.
233 <         *
234 <         *   - All (synchronized) write operations should write to
235 <         *     the "count" field after structurally changing any bin.
236 <         *     The operations must not take any action that could even
237 <         *     momentarily cause a concurrent read operation to see
238 <         *     inconsistent data. This is made easier by the nature of
239 <         *     the read operations in Map. For example, no operation
240 <         *     can reveal that the table has grown but the threshold
241 <         *     has not yet been updated, so there are no atomicity
242 <         *     requirements for this with respect to reads.
243 <         *
244 <         * As a guide, all critical volatile reads and writes to the
245 <         * count field are marked in code comments.
246 <         */
247 <
248 <        private static final long serialVersionUID = 2249069246763182397L;
249 <
250 <        /**
251 <         * The number of elements in this segment's region.
252 <         */
253 <        transient volatile int count;
254 <
255 <        /**
256 <         * Number of updates that alter the size of the table. This is
257 <         * used during bulk-read methods to make sure they see a
258 <         * consistent snapshot: If modCounts change during a traversal
259 <         * of segments computing size or checking containsValue, then
260 <         * we might have an inconsistent view of state so (usually)
261 <         * must retry.
262 <         */
263 <        transient int modCount;
264 <
265 <        /**
266 <         * The table is rehashed when its size exceeds this threshold.
267 <         * (The value of this field is always <tt>(int)(capacity *
268 <         * loadFactor)</tt>.)
269 <         */
270 <        transient int threshold;
271 <
272 <        /**
273 <         * The per-segment table.
274 <         */
275 <        transient volatile HashEntry<K,V>[] table;
276 <
277 <        /**
278 <         * The load factor for the hash table.  Even though this value
279 <         * is same for all segments, it is replicated to avoid needing
280 <         * links to outer object.
281 <         * @serial
282 <         */
283 <        final float loadFactor;
284 <
285 <        Segment(int initialCapacity, float lf) {
286 <            loadFactor = lf;
287 <            setTable(HashEntry.<K,V>newArray(initialCapacity));
288 <        }
289 <
290 <        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
291 <        static final <K,V> Segment<K,V>[] newArray(int i) {
292 <            return new Segment[i];
293 <        }
587 >    static class Node<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> {
588 >        final int hash;
589 >        final K key;
590 >        volatile V val;
591 >        volatile Node<K,V> next;
592  
593 <        /**
594 <         * Sets table to new HashEntry array.
595 <         * Call only while holding lock or in constructor.
596 <         */
597 <        void setTable(HashEntry<K,V>[] newTable) {
300 <            threshold = (int)(newTable.length * loadFactor);
301 <            table = newTable;
593 >        Node(int hash, K key, V val, Node<K,V> next) {
594 >            this.hash = hash;
595 >            this.key = key;
596 >            this.val = val;
597 >            this.next = next;
598          }
599  
600 <        /**
601 <         * Returns properly casted first entry of bin for given hash.
602 <         */
603 <        HashEntry<K,V> getFirst(int hash) {
604 <            HashEntry<K,V>[] tab = table;
605 <            return tab[hash & (tab.length - 1)];
600 >        public final K getKey()     { return key; }
601 >        public final V getValue()   { return val; }
602 >        public final int hashCode() { return key.hashCode() ^ val.hashCode(); }
603 >        public final String toString() {
604 >            return Helpers.mapEntryToString(key, val);
605 >        }
606 >        public final V setValue(V value) {
607 >            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
608 >        }
609 >
610 >        public final boolean equals(Object o) {
611 >            Object k, v, u; Map.Entry<?,?> e;
612 >            return ((o instanceof Map.Entry) &&
613 >                    (k = (e = (Map.Entry<?,?>)o).getKey()) != null &&
614 >                    (v = e.getValue()) != null &&
615 >                    (k == key || k.equals(key)) &&
616 >                    (v == (u = val) || v.equals(u)));
617          }
618  
619          /**
620 <         * Reads value field of an entry under lock. Called if value
314 <         * field ever appears to be null. This is possible only if a
315 <         * compiler happens to reorder a HashEntry initialization with
316 <         * its table assignment, which is legal under memory model
317 <         * but is not known to ever occur.
620 >         * Virtualized support for map.get(); overridden in subclasses.
621           */
622 <        V readValueUnderLock(HashEntry<K,V> e) {
623 <            lock();
624 <            try {
625 <                return e.value;
626 <            } finally {
627 <                unlock();
628 <            }
629 <        }
630 <
328 <        /* Specialized implementations of map methods */
329 <
330 <        V get(Object key, int hash) {
331 <            if (count != 0) { // read-volatile
332 <                HashEntry<K,V> e = getFirst(hash);
333 <                while (e != null) {
334 <                    if (e.hash == hash && key.equals(e.key)) {
335 <                        V v = e.value;
336 <                        if (v != null)
337 <                            return v;
338 <                        return readValueUnderLock(e); // recheck
339 <                    }
340 <                    e = e.next;
341 <                }
622 >        Node<K,V> find(int h, Object k) {
623 >            Node<K,V> e = this;
624 >            if (k != null) {
625 >                do {
626 >                    K ek;
627 >                    if (e.hash == h &&
628 >                        ((ek = e.key) == k || (ek != null && k.equals(ek))))
629 >                        return e;
630 >                } while ((e = e.next) != null);
631              }
632              return null;
633          }
634 +    }
635  
636 <        boolean containsKey(Object key, int hash) {
347 <            if (count != 0) { // read-volatile
348 <                HashEntry<K,V> e = getFirst(hash);
349 <                while (e != null) {
350 <                    if (e.hash == hash && key.equals(e.key))
351 <                        return true;
352 <                    e = e.next;
353 <                }
354 <            }
355 <            return false;
356 <        }
636 >    /* ---------------- Static utilities -------------- */
637  
638 <        boolean containsValue(Object value) {
639 <            if (count != 0) { // read-volatile
640 <                HashEntry<K,V>[] tab = table;
641 <                int len = tab.length;
642 <                for (int i = 0 ; i < len; i++) {
643 <                    for (HashEntry<K,V> e = tab[i]; e != null; e = e.next) {
644 <                        V v = e.value;
645 <                        if (v == null) // recheck
646 <                            v = readValueUnderLock(e);
647 <                        if (value.equals(v))
648 <                            return true;
649 <                    }
650 <                }
651 <            }
652 <            return false;
653 <        }
638 >    /**
639 >     * Spreads (XORs) higher bits of hash to lower and also forces top
640 >     * bit to 0. Because the table uses power-of-two masking, sets of
641 >     * hashes that vary only in bits above the current mask will
642 >     * always collide. (Among known examples are sets of Float keys
643 >     * holding consecutive whole numbers in small tables.)  So we
644 >     * apply a transform that spreads the impact of higher bits
645 >     * downward. There is a tradeoff between speed, utility, and
646 >     * quality of bit-spreading. Because many common sets of hashes
647 >     * are already reasonably distributed (so don't benefit from
648 >     * spreading), and because we use trees to handle large sets of
649 >     * collisions in bins, we just XOR some shifted bits in the
650 >     * cheapest possible way to reduce systematic lossage, as well as
651 >     * to incorporate impact of the highest bits that would otherwise
652 >     * never be used in index calculations because of table bounds.
653 >     */
654 >    static final int spread(int h) {
655 >        return (h ^ (h >>> 16)) & HASH_BITS;
656 >    }
657  
658 <        boolean replace(K key, int hash, V oldValue, V newValue) {
659 <            lock();
660 <            try {
661 <                HashEntry<K,V> e = getFirst(hash);
662 <                while (e != null && (e.hash != hash || !key.equals(e.key)))
663 <                    e = e.next;
664 <
665 <                boolean replaced = false;
666 <                if (e != null && oldValue.equals(e.value)) {
667 <                    replaced = true;
668 <                    e.value = newValue;
669 <                }
670 <                return replaced;
388 <            } finally {
389 <                unlock();
390 <            }
391 <        }
658 >    /**
659 >     * Returns a power of two table size for the given desired capacity.
660 >     * See Hackers Delight, sec 3.2
661 >     */
662 >    private static final int tableSizeFor(int c) {
663 >        int n = c - 1;
664 >        n |= n >>> 1;
665 >        n |= n >>> 2;
666 >        n |= n >>> 4;
667 >        n |= n >>> 8;
668 >        n |= n >>> 16;
669 >        return (n < 0) ? 1 : (n >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) ? MAXIMUM_CAPACITY : n + 1;
670 >    }
671  
672 <        V replace(K key, int hash, V newValue) {
673 <            lock();
674 <            try {
675 <                HashEntry<K,V> e = getFirst(hash);
676 <                while (e != null && (e.hash != hash || !key.equals(e.key)))
677 <                    e = e.next;
678 <
679 <                V oldValue = null;
680 <                if (e != null) {
681 <                    oldValue = e.value;
682 <                    e.value = newValue;
672 >    /**
673 >     * Returns x's Class if it is of the form "class C implements
674 >     * Comparable<C>", else null.
675 >     */
676 >    static Class<?> comparableClassFor(Object x) {
677 >        if (x instanceof Comparable) {
678 >            Class<?> c; Type[] ts, as; Type t; ParameterizedType p;
679 >            if ((c = x.getClass()) == String.class) // bypass checks
680 >                return c;
681 >            if ((ts = c.getGenericInterfaces()) != null) {
682 >                for (int i = 0; i < ts.length; ++i) {
683 >                    if (((t = ts[i]) instanceof ParameterizedType) &&
684 >                        ((p = (ParameterizedType)t).getRawType() ==
685 >                         Comparable.class) &&
686 >                        (as = p.getActualTypeArguments()) != null &&
687 >                        as.length == 1 && as[0] == c) // type arg is c
688 >                        return c;
689                  }
405                return oldValue;
406            } finally {
407                unlock();
690              }
691          }
692 +        return null;
693 +    }
694  
695 +    /**
696 +     * Returns k.compareTo(x) if x matches kc (k's screened comparable
697 +     * class), else 0.
698 +     */
699 +    @SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes","unchecked"}) // for cast to Comparable
700 +    static int compareComparables(Class<?> kc, Object k, Object x) {
701 +        return (x == null || x.getClass() != kc ? 0 :
702 +                ((Comparable)k).compareTo(x));
703 +    }
704  
705 <        V put(K key, int hash, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent) {
413 <            lock();
414 <            try {
415 <                int c = count;
416 <                if (c++ > threshold) // ensure capacity
417 <                    rehash();
418 <                HashEntry<K,V>[] tab = table;
419 <                int index = hash & (tab.length - 1);
420 <                HashEntry<K,V> first = tab[index];
421 <                HashEntry<K,V> e = first;
422 <                while (e != null && (e.hash != hash || !key.equals(e.key)))
423 <                    e = e.next;
424 <
425 <                V oldValue;
426 <                if (e != null) {
427 <                    oldValue = e.value;
428 <                    if (!onlyIfAbsent)
429 <                        e.value = value;
430 <                }
431 <                else {
432 <                    oldValue = null;
433 <                    ++modCount;
434 <                    tab[index] = new HashEntry<K,V>(key, hash, first, value);
435 <                    count = c; // write-volatile
436 <                }
437 <                return oldValue;
438 <            } finally {
439 <                unlock();
440 <            }
441 <        }
705 >    /* ---------------- Table element access -------------- */
706  
707 <        void rehash() {
708 <            HashEntry<K,V>[] oldTable = table;
709 <            int oldCapacity = oldTable.length;
710 <            if (oldCapacity >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)
711 <                return;
707 >    /*
708 >     * Volatile access methods are used for table elements as well as
709 >     * elements of in-progress next table while resizing.  All uses of
710 >     * the tab arguments must be null checked by callers.  All callers
711 >     * also paranoically precheck that tab's length is not zero (or an
712 >     * equivalent check), thus ensuring that any index argument taking
713 >     * the form of a hash value anded with (length - 1) is a valid
714 >     * index.  Note that, to be correct wrt arbitrary concurrency
715 >     * errors by users, these checks must operate on local variables,
716 >     * which accounts for some odd-looking inline assignments below.
717 >     * Note that calls to setTabAt always occur within locked regions,
718 >     * and so in principle require only release ordering, not
719 >     * full volatile semantics, but are currently coded as volatile
720 >     * writes to be conservative.
721 >     */
722 >
723 >    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
724 >    static final <K,V> Node<K,V> tabAt(Node<K,V>[] tab, int i) {
725 >        return (Node<K,V>)U.getObjectVolatile(tab, ((long)i << ASHIFT) + ABASE);
726 >    }
727  
728 <            /*
729 <             * Reclassify nodes in each list to new Map.  Because we are
730 <             * using power-of-two expansion, the elements from each bin
731 <             * must either stay at same index, or move with a power of two
453 <             * offset. We eliminate unnecessary node creation by catching
454 <             * cases where old nodes can be reused because their next
455 <             * fields won't change. Statistically, at the default
456 <             * threshold, only about one-sixth of them need cloning when
457 <             * a table doubles. The nodes they replace will be garbage
458 <             * collectable as soon as they are no longer referenced by any
459 <             * reader thread that may be in the midst of traversing table
460 <             * right now.
461 <             */
462 <
463 <            HashEntry<K,V>[] newTable = HashEntry.newArray(oldCapacity<<1);
464 <            threshold = (int)(newTable.length * loadFactor);
465 <            int sizeMask = newTable.length - 1;
466 <            for (int i = 0; i < oldCapacity ; i++) {
467 <                // We need to guarantee that any existing reads of old Map can
468 <                //  proceed. So we cannot yet null out each bin.
469 <                HashEntry<K,V> e = oldTable[i];
470 <
471 <                if (e != null) {
472 <                    HashEntry<K,V> next = e.next;
473 <                    int idx = e.hash & sizeMask;
474 <
475 <                    //  Single node on list
476 <                    if (next == null)
477 <                        newTable[idx] = e;
728 >    static final <K,V> boolean casTabAt(Node<K,V>[] tab, int i,
729 >                                        Node<K,V> c, Node<K,V> v) {
730 >        return U.compareAndSwapObject(tab, ((long)i << ASHIFT) + ABASE, c, v);
731 >    }
732  
733 <                    else {
734 <                        // Reuse trailing consecutive sequence at same slot
735 <                        HashEntry<K,V> lastRun = e;
482 <                        int lastIdx = idx;
483 <                        for (HashEntry<K,V> last = next;
484 <                             last != null;
485 <                             last = last.next) {
486 <                            int k = last.hash & sizeMask;
487 <                            if (k != lastIdx) {
488 <                                lastIdx = k;
489 <                                lastRun = last;
490 <                            }
491 <                        }
492 <                        newTable[lastIdx] = lastRun;
733 >    static final <K,V> void setTabAt(Node<K,V>[] tab, int i, Node<K,V> v) {
734 >        U.putObjectVolatile(tab, ((long)i << ASHIFT) + ABASE, v);
735 >    }
736  
737 <                        // Clone all remaining nodes
495 <                        for (HashEntry<K,V> p = e; p != lastRun; p = p.next) {
496 <                            int k = p.hash & sizeMask;
497 <                            HashEntry<K,V> n = newTable[k];
498 <                            newTable[k] = new HashEntry<K,V>(p.key, p.hash,
499 <                                                             n, p.value);
500 <                        }
501 <                    }
502 <                }
503 <            }
504 <            table = newTable;
505 <        }
737 >    /* ---------------- Fields -------------- */
738  
739 <        /**
740 <         * Remove; match on key only if value null, else match both.
741 <         */
742 <        V remove(Object key, int hash, Object value) {
743 <            lock();
512 <            try {
513 <                int c = count - 1;
514 <                HashEntry<K,V>[] tab = table;
515 <                int index = hash & (tab.length - 1);
516 <                HashEntry<K,V> first = tab[index];
517 <                HashEntry<K,V> e = first;
518 <                while (e != null && (e.hash != hash || !key.equals(e.key)))
519 <                    e = e.next;
520 <
521 <                V oldValue = null;
522 <                if (e != null) {
523 <                    V v = e.value;
524 <                    if (value == null || value.equals(v)) {
525 <                        oldValue = v;
526 <                        // All entries following removed node can stay
527 <                        // in list, but all preceding ones need to be
528 <                        // cloned.
529 <                        ++modCount;
530 <                        HashEntry<K,V> newFirst = e.next;
531 <                        for (HashEntry<K,V> p = first; p != e; p = p.next)
532 <                            newFirst = new HashEntry<K,V>(p.key, p.hash,
533 <                                                          newFirst, p.value);
534 <                        tab[index] = newFirst;
535 <                        count = c; // write-volatile
536 <                    }
537 <                }
538 <                return oldValue;
539 <            } finally {
540 <                unlock();
541 <            }
542 <        }
739 >    /**
740 >     * The array of bins. Lazily initialized upon first insertion.
741 >     * Size is always a power of two. Accessed directly by iterators.
742 >     */
743 >    transient volatile Node<K,V>[] table;
744  
745 <        void clear() {
746 <            if (count != 0) {
747 <                lock();
748 <                try {
548 <                    HashEntry<K,V>[] tab = table;
549 <                    for (int i = 0; i < tab.length ; i++)
550 <                        tab[i] = null;
551 <                    ++modCount;
552 <                    count = 0; // write-volatile
553 <                } finally {
554 <                    unlock();
555 <                }
556 <            }
557 <        }
558 <    }
745 >    /**
746 >     * The next table to use; non-null only while resizing.
747 >     */
748 >    private transient volatile Node<K,V>[] nextTable;
749  
750 +    /**
751 +     * Base counter value, used mainly when there is no contention,
752 +     * but also as a fallback during table initialization
753 +     * races. Updated via CAS.
754 +     */
755 +    private transient volatile long baseCount;
756  
757 +    /**
758 +     * Table initialization and resizing control.  When negative, the
759 +     * table is being initialized or resized: -1 for initialization,
760 +     * else -(1 + the number of active resizing threads).  Otherwise,
761 +     * when table is null, holds the initial table size to use upon
762 +     * creation, or 0 for default. After initialization, holds the
763 +     * next element count value upon which to resize the table.
764 +     */
765 +    private transient volatile int sizeCtl;
766  
767 <    /* ---------------- Public operations -------------- */
767 >    /**
768 >     * The next table index (plus one) to split while resizing.
769 >     */
770 >    private transient volatile int transferIndex;
771  
772      /**
773 <     * Creates a new, empty map with the specified initial
566 <     * capacity, load factor and concurrency level.
567 <     *
568 <     * @param initialCapacity the initial capacity. The implementation
569 <     * performs internal sizing to accommodate this many elements.
570 <     * @param loadFactor  the load factor threshold, used to control resizing.
571 <     * Resizing may be performed when the average number of elements per
572 <     * bin exceeds this threshold.
573 <     * @param concurrencyLevel the estimated number of concurrently
574 <     * updating threads. The implementation performs internal sizing
575 <     * to try to accommodate this many threads.
576 <     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the initial capacity is
577 <     * negative or the load factor or concurrencyLevel are
578 <     * nonpositive.
773 >     * Spinlock (locked via CAS) used when resizing and/or creating CounterCells.
774       */
775 <    public ConcurrentHashMap(int initialCapacity,
581 <                             float loadFactor, int concurrencyLevel) {
582 <        if (!(loadFactor > 0) || initialCapacity < 0 || concurrencyLevel <= 0)
583 <            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
775 >    private transient volatile int cellsBusy;
776  
777 <        if (concurrencyLevel > MAX_SEGMENTS)
778 <            concurrencyLevel = MAX_SEGMENTS;
777 >    /**
778 >     * Table of counter cells. When non-null, size is a power of 2.
779 >     */
780 >    private transient volatile CounterCell[] counterCells;
781  
782 <        // Find power-of-two sizes best matching arguments
783 <        int sshift = 0;
784 <        int ssize = 1;
785 <        while (ssize < concurrencyLevel) {
592 <            ++sshift;
593 <            ssize <<= 1;
594 <        }
595 <        segmentShift = 32 - sshift;
596 <        segmentMask = ssize - 1;
597 <        this.segments = Segment.newArray(ssize);
598 <
599 <        if (initialCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)
600 <            initialCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;
601 <        int c = initialCapacity / ssize;
602 <        if (c * ssize < initialCapacity)
603 <            ++c;
604 <        int cap = 1;
605 <        while (cap < c)
606 <            cap <<= 1;
782 >    // views
783 >    private transient KeySetView<K,V> keySet;
784 >    private transient ValuesView<K,V> values;
785 >    private transient EntrySetView<K,V> entrySet;
786  
787 <        for (int i = 0; i < this.segments.length; ++i)
788 <            this.segments[i] = new Segment<K,V>(cap, loadFactor);
610 <    }
787 >
788 >    /* ---------------- Public operations -------------- */
789  
790      /**
791 <     * Creates a new, empty map with the specified initial capacity
614 <     * and load factor and with the default concurrencyLevel (16).
615 <     *
616 <     * @param initialCapacity The implementation performs internal
617 <     * sizing to accommodate this many elements.
618 <     * @param loadFactor  the load factor threshold, used to control resizing.
619 <     * Resizing may be performed when the average number of elements per
620 <     * bin exceeds this threshold.
621 <     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the initial capacity of
622 <     * elements is negative or the load factor is nonpositive
623 <     *
624 <     * @since 1.6
791 >     * Creates a new, empty map with the default initial table size (16).
792       */
793 <    public ConcurrentHashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
627 <        this(initialCapacity, loadFactor, DEFAULT_CONCURRENCY_LEVEL);
793 >    public ConcurrentHashMap() {
794      }
795  
796      /**
797 <     * Creates a new, empty map with the specified initial capacity,
798 <     * and with default load factor (0.75) and concurrencyLevel (16).
797 >     * Creates a new, empty map with an initial table size
798 >     * accommodating the specified number of elements without the need
799 >     * to dynamically resize.
800       *
801 <     * @param initialCapacity the initial capacity. The implementation
802 <     * performs internal sizing to accommodate this many elements.
801 >     * @param initialCapacity The implementation performs internal
802 >     * sizing to accommodate this many elements.
803       * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the initial capacity of
804 <     * elements is negative.
804 >     * elements is negative
805       */
806      public ConcurrentHashMap(int initialCapacity) {
807 <        this(initialCapacity, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR, DEFAULT_CONCURRENCY_LEVEL);
808 <    }
809 <
810 <    /**
811 <     * Creates a new, empty map with a default initial capacity (16),
812 <     * load factor (0.75) and concurrencyLevel (16).
646 <     */
647 <    public ConcurrentHashMap() {
648 <        this(DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR, DEFAULT_CONCURRENCY_LEVEL);
807 >        if (initialCapacity < 0)
808 >            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
809 >        int cap = ((initialCapacity >= (MAXIMUM_CAPACITY >>> 1)) ?
810 >                   MAXIMUM_CAPACITY :
811 >                   tableSizeFor(initialCapacity + (initialCapacity >>> 1) + 1));
812 >        this.sizeCtl = cap;
813      }
814  
815      /**
816       * Creates a new map with the same mappings as the given map.
653     * The map is created with a capacity of 1.5 times the number
654     * of mappings in the given map or 16 (whichever is greater),
655     * and a default load factor (0.75) and concurrencyLevel (16).
817       *
818       * @param m the map
819       */
820      public ConcurrentHashMap(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
821 <        this(Math.max((int) (m.size() / DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR) + 1,
661 <                      DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY),
662 <             DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR, DEFAULT_CONCURRENCY_LEVEL);
821 >        this.sizeCtl = DEFAULT_CAPACITY;
822          putAll(m);
823      }
824  
825      /**
826 <     * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this map contains no key-value mappings.
826 >     * Creates a new, empty map with an initial table size based on
827 >     * the given number of elements ({@code initialCapacity}) and
828 >     * initial table density ({@code loadFactor}).
829 >     *
830 >     * @param initialCapacity the initial capacity. The implementation
831 >     * performs internal sizing to accommodate this many elements,
832 >     * given the specified load factor.
833 >     * @param loadFactor the load factor (table density) for
834 >     * establishing the initial table size
835 >     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the initial capacity of
836 >     * elements is negative or the load factor is nonpositive
837       *
838 <     * @return <tt>true</tt> if this map contains no key-value mappings
838 >     * @since 1.6
839       */
840 <    public boolean isEmpty() {
841 <        final Segment<K,V>[] segments = this.segments;
673 <        /*
674 <         * We keep track of per-segment modCounts to avoid ABA
675 <         * problems in which an element in one segment was added and
676 <         * in another removed during traversal, in which case the
677 <         * table was never actually empty at any point. Note the
678 <         * similar use of modCounts in the size() and containsValue()
679 <         * methods, which are the only other methods also susceptible
680 <         * to ABA problems.
681 <         */
682 <        int[] mc = new int[segments.length];
683 <        int mcsum = 0;
684 <        for (int i = 0; i < segments.length; ++i) {
685 <            if (segments[i].count != 0)
686 <                return false;
687 <            else
688 <                mcsum += mc[i] = segments[i].modCount;
689 <        }
690 <        // If mcsum happens to be zero, then we know we got a snapshot
691 <        // before any modifications at all were made.  This is
692 <        // probably common enough to bother tracking.
693 <        if (mcsum != 0) {
694 <            for (int i = 0; i < segments.length; ++i) {
695 <                if (segments[i].count != 0 ||
696 <                    mc[i] != segments[i].modCount)
697 <                    return false;
698 <            }
699 <        }
700 <        return true;
840 >    public ConcurrentHashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
841 >        this(initialCapacity, loadFactor, 1);
842      }
843  
844      /**
845 <     * Returns the number of key-value mappings in this map.  If the
846 <     * map contains more than <tt>Integer.MAX_VALUE</tt> elements, returns
847 <     * <tt>Integer.MAX_VALUE</tt>.
845 >     * Creates a new, empty map with an initial table size based on
846 >     * the given number of elements ({@code initialCapacity}), table
847 >     * density ({@code loadFactor}), and number of concurrently
848 >     * updating threads ({@code concurrencyLevel}).
849       *
850 <     * @return the number of key-value mappings in this map
850 >     * @param initialCapacity the initial capacity. The implementation
851 >     * performs internal sizing to accommodate this many elements,
852 >     * given the specified load factor.
853 >     * @param loadFactor the load factor (table density) for
854 >     * establishing the initial table size
855 >     * @param concurrencyLevel the estimated number of concurrently
856 >     * updating threads. The implementation may use this value as
857 >     * a sizing hint.
858 >     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the initial capacity is
859 >     * negative or the load factor or concurrencyLevel are
860 >     * nonpositive
861 >     */
862 >    public ConcurrentHashMap(int initialCapacity,
863 >                             float loadFactor, int concurrencyLevel) {
864 >        if (!(loadFactor > 0.0f) || initialCapacity < 0 || concurrencyLevel <= 0)
865 >            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
866 >        if (initialCapacity < concurrencyLevel)   // Use at least as many bins
867 >            initialCapacity = concurrencyLevel;   // as estimated threads
868 >        long size = (long)(1.0 + (long)initialCapacity / loadFactor);
869 >        int cap = (size >= (long)MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) ?
870 >            MAXIMUM_CAPACITY : tableSizeFor((int)size);
871 >        this.sizeCtl = cap;
872 >    }
873 >
874 >    // Original (since JDK1.2) Map methods
875 >
876 >    /**
877 >     * {@inheritDoc}
878       */
879      public int size() {
880 <        final Segment<K,V>[] segments = this.segments;
881 <        long sum = 0;
882 <        long check = 0;
883 <        int[] mc = new int[segments.length];
884 <        // Try a few times to get accurate count. On failure due to
885 <        // continuous async changes in table, resort to locking.
886 <        for (int k = 0; k < RETRIES_BEFORE_LOCK; ++k) {
887 <            check = 0;
888 <            sum = 0;
889 <            int mcsum = 0;
890 <            for (int i = 0; i < segments.length; ++i) {
722 <                sum += segments[i].count;
723 <                mcsum += mc[i] = segments[i].modCount;
724 <            }
725 <            if (mcsum != 0) {
726 <                for (int i = 0; i < segments.length; ++i) {
727 <                    check += segments[i].count;
728 <                    if (mc[i] != segments[i].modCount) {
729 <                        check = -1; // force retry
730 <                        break;
731 <                    }
732 <                }
733 <            }
734 <            if (check == sum)
735 <                break;
736 <        }
737 <        if (check != sum) { // Resort to locking all segments
738 <            sum = 0;
739 <            for (int i = 0; i < segments.length; ++i)
740 <                segments[i].lock();
741 <            for (int i = 0; i < segments.length; ++i)
742 <                sum += segments[i].count;
743 <            for (int i = 0; i < segments.length; ++i)
744 <                segments[i].unlock();
745 <        }
746 <        if (sum > Integer.MAX_VALUE)
747 <            return Integer.MAX_VALUE;
748 <        else
749 <            return (int)sum;
880 >        long n = sumCount();
881 >        return ((n < 0L) ? 0 :
882 >                (n > (long)Integer.MAX_VALUE) ? Integer.MAX_VALUE :
883 >                (int)n);
884 >    }
885 >
886 >    /**
887 >     * {@inheritDoc}
888 >     */
889 >    public boolean isEmpty() {
890 >        return sumCount() <= 0L; // ignore transient negative values
891      }
892  
893      /**
# Line 761 | Line 902 | public class ConcurrentHashMap<K, V> ext
902       * @throws NullPointerException if the specified key is null
903       */
904      public V get(Object key) {
905 <        int hash = hash(key.hashCode());
906 <        return segmentFor(hash).get(key, hash);
905 >        Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> e, p; int n, eh; K ek;
906 >        int h = spread(key.hashCode());
907 >        if ((tab = table) != null && (n = tab.length) > 0 &&
908 >            (e = tabAt(tab, (n - 1) & h)) != null) {
909 >            if ((eh = e.hash) == h) {
910 >                if ((ek = e.key) == key || (ek != null && key.equals(ek)))
911 >                    return e.val;
912 >            }
913 >            else if (eh < 0)
914 >                return (p = e.find(h, key)) != null ? p.val : null;
915 >            while ((e = e.next) != null) {
916 >                if (e.hash == h &&
917 >                    ((ek = e.key) == key || (ek != null && key.equals(ek))))
918 >                    return e.val;
919 >            }
920 >        }
921 >        return null;
922      }
923  
924      /**
925       * Tests if the specified object is a key in this table.
926       *
927 <     * @param  key   possible key
928 <     * @return <tt>true</tt> if and only if the specified object
927 >     * @param  key possible key
928 >     * @return {@code true} if and only if the specified object
929       *         is a key in this table, as determined by the
930 <     *         <tt>equals</tt> method; <tt>false</tt> otherwise.
930 >     *         {@code equals} method; {@code false} otherwise
931       * @throws NullPointerException if the specified key is null
932       */
933      public boolean containsKey(Object key) {
934 <        int hash = hash(key.hashCode());
779 <        return segmentFor(hash).containsKey(key, hash);
934 >        return get(key) != null;
935      }
936  
937      /**
938 <     * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this map maps one or more keys to the
939 <     * specified value. Note: This method requires a full internal
940 <     * traversal of the hash table, and so is much slower than
786 <     * method <tt>containsKey</tt>.
938 >     * Returns {@code true} if this map maps one or more keys to the
939 >     * specified value. Note: This method may require a full traversal
940 >     * of the map, and is much slower than method {@code containsKey}.
941       *
942       * @param value value whose presence in this map is to be tested
943 <     * @return <tt>true</tt> if this map maps one or more keys to the
943 >     * @return {@code true} if this map maps one or more keys to the
944       *         specified value
945       * @throws NullPointerException if the specified value is null
946       */
947      public boolean containsValue(Object value) {
948          if (value == null)
949              throw new NullPointerException();
950 <
951 <        // See explanation of modCount use above
952 <
953 <        final Segment<K,V>[] segments = this.segments;
954 <        int[] mc = new int[segments.length];
955 <
802 <        // Try a few times without locking
803 <        for (int k = 0; k < RETRIES_BEFORE_LOCK; ++k) {
804 <            int sum = 0;
805 <            int mcsum = 0;
806 <            for (int i = 0; i < segments.length; ++i) {
807 <                int c = segments[i].count;
808 <                mcsum += mc[i] = segments[i].modCount;
809 <                if (segments[i].containsValue(value))
950 >        Node<K,V>[] t;
951 >        if ((t = table) != null) {
952 >            Traverser<K,V> it = new Traverser<K,V>(t, t.length, 0, t.length);
953 >            for (Node<K,V> p; (p = it.advance()) != null; ) {
954 >                V v;
955 >                if ((v = p.val) == value || (v != null && value.equals(v)))
956                      return true;
957              }
812            boolean cleanSweep = true;
813            if (mcsum != 0) {
814                for (int i = 0; i < segments.length; ++i) {
815                    int c = segments[i].count;
816                    if (mc[i] != segments[i].modCount) {
817                        cleanSweep = false;
818                        break;
819                    }
820                }
821            }
822            if (cleanSweep)
823                return false;
958          }
959 <        // Resort to locking all segments
826 <        for (int i = 0; i < segments.length; ++i)
827 <            segments[i].lock();
828 <        boolean found = false;
829 <        try {
830 <            for (int i = 0; i < segments.length; ++i) {
831 <                if (segments[i].containsValue(value)) {
832 <                    found = true;
833 <                    break;
834 <                }
835 <            }
836 <        } finally {
837 <            for (int i = 0; i < segments.length; ++i)
838 <                segments[i].unlock();
839 <        }
840 <        return found;
841 <    }
842 <
843 <    /**
844 <     * Legacy method testing if some key maps into the specified value
845 <     * in this table.  This method is identical in functionality to
846 <     * {@link #containsValue}, and exists solely to ensure
847 <     * full compatibility with class {@link java.util.Hashtable},
848 <     * which supported this method prior to introduction of the
849 <     * Java Collections framework.
850 <
851 <     * @param  value a value to search for
852 <     * @return <tt>true</tt> if and only if some key maps to the
853 <     *         <tt>value</tt> argument in this table as
854 <     *         determined by the <tt>equals</tt> method;
855 <     *         <tt>false</tt> otherwise
856 <     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified value is null
857 <     */
858 <    public boolean contains(Object value) {
859 <        return containsValue(value);
959 >        return false;
960      }
961  
962      /**
963       * Maps the specified key to the specified value in this table.
964       * Neither the key nor the value can be null.
965       *
966 <     * <p> The value can be retrieved by calling the <tt>get</tt> method
966 >     * <p>The value can be retrieved by calling the {@code get} method
967       * with a key that is equal to the original key.
968       *
969       * @param key key with which the specified value is to be associated
970       * @param value value to be associated with the specified key
971 <     * @return the previous value associated with <tt>key</tt>, or
972 <     *         <tt>null</tt> if there was no mapping for <tt>key</tt>
971 >     * @return the previous value associated with {@code key}, or
972 >     *         {@code null} if there was no mapping for {@code key}
973       * @throws NullPointerException if the specified key or value is null
974       */
975      public V put(K key, V value) {
976 <        if (value == null)
877 <            throw new NullPointerException();
878 <        int hash = hash(key.hashCode());
879 <        return segmentFor(hash).put(key, hash, value, false);
976 >        return putVal(key, value, false);
977      }
978  
979 <    /**
980 <     * {@inheritDoc}
981 <     *
982 <     * @return the previous value associated with the specified key,
983 <     *         or <tt>null</tt> if there was no mapping for the key
984 <     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified key or value is null
985 <     */
986 <    public V putIfAbsent(K key, V value) {
987 <        if (value == null)
988 <            throw new NullPointerException();
989 <        int hash = hash(key.hashCode());
990 <        return segmentFor(hash).put(key, hash, value, true);
979 >    /** Implementation for put and putIfAbsent */
980 >    final V putVal(K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent) {
981 >        if (key == null || value == null) throw new NullPointerException();
982 >        int hash = spread(key.hashCode());
983 >        int binCount = 0;
984 >        for (Node<K,V>[] tab = table;;) {
985 >            Node<K,V> f; int n, i, fh;
986 >            if (tab == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
987 >                tab = initTable();
988 >            else if ((f = tabAt(tab, i = (n - 1) & hash)) == null) {
989 >                if (casTabAt(tab, i, null,
990 >                             new Node<K,V>(hash, key, value, null)))
991 >                    break;                   // no lock when adding to empty bin
992 >            }
993 >            else if ((fh = f.hash) == MOVED)
994 >                tab = helpTransfer(tab, f);
995 >            else {
996 >                V oldVal = null;
997 >                synchronized (f) {
998 >                    if (tabAt(tab, i) == f) {
999 >                        if (fh >= 0) {
1000 >                            binCount = 1;
1001 >                            for (Node<K,V> e = f;; ++binCount) {
1002 >                                K ek;
1003 >                                if (e.hash == hash &&
1004 >                                    ((ek = e.key) == key ||
1005 >                                     (ek != null && key.equals(ek)))) {
1006 >                                    oldVal = e.val;
1007 >                                    if (!onlyIfAbsent)
1008 >                                        e.val = value;
1009 >                                    break;
1010 >                                }
1011 >                                Node<K,V> pred = e;
1012 >                                if ((e = e.next) == null) {
1013 >                                    pred.next = new Node<K,V>(hash, key,
1014 >                                                              value, null);
1015 >                                    break;
1016 >                                }
1017 >                            }
1018 >                        }
1019 >                        else if (f instanceof TreeBin) {
1020 >                            Node<K,V> p;
1021 >                            binCount = 2;
1022 >                            if ((p = ((TreeBin<K,V>)f).putTreeVal(hash, key,
1023 >                                                           value)) != null) {
1024 >                                oldVal = p.val;
1025 >                                if (!onlyIfAbsent)
1026 >                                    p.val = value;
1027 >                            }
1028 >                        }
1029 >                        else if (f instanceof ReservationNode)
1030 >                            throw new IllegalStateException("Recursive update");
1031 >                    }
1032 >                }
1033 >                if (binCount != 0) {
1034 >                    if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD)
1035 >                        treeifyBin(tab, i);
1036 >                    if (oldVal != null)
1037 >                        return oldVal;
1038 >                    break;
1039 >                }
1040 >            }
1041 >        }
1042 >        addCount(1L, binCount);
1043 >        return null;
1044      }
1045  
1046      /**
# Line 901 | Line 1051 | public class ConcurrentHashMap<K, V> ext
1051       * @param m mappings to be stored in this map
1052       */
1053      public void putAll(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
1054 +        tryPresize(m.size());
1055          for (Map.Entry<? extends K, ? extends V> e : m.entrySet())
1056 <            put(e.getKey(), e.getValue());
1056 >            putVal(e.getKey(), e.getValue(), false);
1057      }
1058  
1059      /**
# Line 910 | Line 1061 | public class ConcurrentHashMap<K, V> ext
1061       * This method does nothing if the key is not in the map.
1062       *
1063       * @param  key the key that needs to be removed
1064 <     * @return the previous value associated with <tt>key</tt>, or
1065 <     *         <tt>null</tt> if there was no mapping for <tt>key</tt>
1064 >     * @return the previous value associated with {@code key}, or
1065 >     *         {@code null} if there was no mapping for {@code key}
1066       * @throws NullPointerException if the specified key is null
1067       */
1068      public V remove(Object key) {
1069 <        int hash = hash(key.hashCode());
1070 <        return segmentFor(hash).remove(key, hash, null);
1069 >        return replaceNode(key, null, null);
1070 >    }
1071 >
1072 >    /**
1073 >     * Implementation for the four public remove/replace methods:
1074 >     * Replaces node value with v, conditional upon match of cv if
1075 >     * non-null.  If resulting value is null, delete.
1076 >     */
1077 >    final V replaceNode(Object key, V value, Object cv) {
1078 >        int hash = spread(key.hashCode());
1079 >        for (Node<K,V>[] tab = table;;) {
1080 >            Node<K,V> f; int n, i, fh;
1081 >            if (tab == null || (n = tab.length) == 0 ||
1082 >                (f = tabAt(tab, i = (n - 1) & hash)) == null)
1083 >                break;
1084 >            else if ((fh = f.hash) == MOVED)
1085 >                tab = helpTransfer(tab, f);
1086 >            else {
1087 >                V oldVal = null;
1088 >                boolean validated = false;
1089 >                synchronized (f) {
1090 >                    if (tabAt(tab, i) == f) {
1091 >                        if (fh >= 0) {
1092 >                            validated = true;
1093 >                            for (Node<K,V> e = f, pred = null;;) {
1094 >                                K ek;
1095 >                                if (e.hash == hash &&
1096 >                                    ((ek = e.key) == key ||
1097 >                                     (ek != null && key.equals(ek)))) {
1098 >                                    V ev = e.val;
1099 >                                    if (cv == null || cv == ev ||
1100 >                                        (ev != null && cv.equals(ev))) {
1101 >                                        oldVal = ev;
1102 >                                        if (value != null)
1103 >                                            e.val = value;
1104 >                                        else if (pred != null)
1105 >                                            pred.next = e.next;
1106 >                                        else
1107 >                                            setTabAt(tab, i, e.next);
1108 >                                    }
1109 >                                    break;
1110 >                                }
1111 >                                pred = e;
1112 >                                if ((e = e.next) == null)
1113 >                                    break;
1114 >                            }
1115 >                        }
1116 >                        else if (f instanceof TreeBin) {
1117 >                            validated = true;
1118 >                            TreeBin<K,V> t = (TreeBin<K,V>)f;
1119 >                            TreeNode<K,V> r, p;
1120 >                            if ((r = t.root) != null &&
1121 >                                (p = r.findTreeNode(hash, key, null)) != null) {
1122 >                                V pv = p.val;
1123 >                                if (cv == null || cv == pv ||
1124 >                                    (pv != null && cv.equals(pv))) {
1125 >                                    oldVal = pv;
1126 >                                    if (value != null)
1127 >                                        p.val = value;
1128 >                                    else if (t.removeTreeNode(p))
1129 >                                        setTabAt(tab, i, untreeify(t.first));
1130 >                                }
1131 >                            }
1132 >                        }
1133 >                        else if (f instanceof ReservationNode)
1134 >                            throw new IllegalStateException("Recursive update");
1135 >                    }
1136 >                }
1137 >                if (validated) {
1138 >                    if (oldVal != null) {
1139 >                        if (value == null)
1140 >                            addCount(-1L, -1);
1141 >                        return oldVal;
1142 >                    }
1143 >                    break;
1144 >                }
1145 >            }
1146 >        }
1147 >        return null;
1148 >    }
1149 >
1150 >    /**
1151 >     * Removes all of the mappings from this map.
1152 >     */
1153 >    public void clear() {
1154 >        long delta = 0L; // negative number of deletions
1155 >        int i = 0;
1156 >        Node<K,V>[] tab = table;
1157 >        while (tab != null && i < tab.length) {
1158 >            int fh;
1159 >            Node<K,V> f = tabAt(tab, i);
1160 >            if (f == null)
1161 >                ++i;
1162 >            else if ((fh = f.hash) == MOVED) {
1163 >                tab = helpTransfer(tab, f);
1164 >                i = 0; // restart
1165 >            }
1166 >            else {
1167 >                synchronized (f) {
1168 >                    if (tabAt(tab, i) == f) {
1169 >                        Node<K,V> p = (fh >= 0 ? f :
1170 >                                       (f instanceof TreeBin) ?
1171 >                                       ((TreeBin<K,V>)f).first : null);
1172 >                        while (p != null) {
1173 >                            --delta;
1174 >                            p = p.next;
1175 >                        }
1176 >                        setTabAt(tab, i++, null);
1177 >                    }
1178 >                }
1179 >            }
1180 >        }
1181 >        if (delta != 0L)
1182 >            addCount(delta, -1);
1183 >    }
1184 >
1185 >    /**
1186 >     * Returns a {@link Set} view of the keys contained in this map.
1187 >     * The set is backed by the map, so changes to the map are
1188 >     * reflected in the set, and vice-versa. The set supports element
1189 >     * removal, which removes the corresponding mapping from this map,
1190 >     * via the {@code Iterator.remove}, {@code Set.remove},
1191 >     * {@code removeAll}, {@code retainAll}, and {@code clear}
1192 >     * operations.  It does not support the {@code add} or
1193 >     * {@code addAll} operations.
1194 >     *
1195 >     * <p>The view's iterators and spliterators are
1196 >     * <a href="package-summary.html#Weakly"><i>weakly consistent</i></a>.
1197 >     *
1198 >     * <p>The view's {@code spliterator} reports {@link Spliterator#CONCURRENT},
1199 >     * {@link Spliterator#DISTINCT}, and {@link Spliterator#NONNULL}.
1200 >     *
1201 >     * @return the set view
1202 >     */
1203 >    public KeySetView<K,V> keySet() {
1204 >        KeySetView<K,V> ks;
1205 >        return (ks = keySet) != null ? ks : (keySet = new KeySetView<K,V>(this, null));
1206 >    }
1207 >
1208 >    /**
1209 >     * Returns a {@link Collection} view of the values contained in this map.
1210 >     * The collection is backed by the map, so changes to the map are
1211 >     * reflected in the collection, and vice-versa.  The collection
1212 >     * supports element removal, which removes the corresponding
1213 >     * mapping from this map, via the {@code Iterator.remove},
1214 >     * {@code Collection.remove}, {@code removeAll},
1215 >     * {@code retainAll}, and {@code clear} operations.  It does not
1216 >     * support the {@code add} or {@code addAll} operations.
1217 >     *
1218 >     * <p>The view's iterators and spliterators are
1219 >     * <a href="package-summary.html#Weakly"><i>weakly consistent</i></a>.
1220 >     *
1221 >     * <p>The view's {@code spliterator} reports {@link Spliterator#CONCURRENT}
1222 >     * and {@link Spliterator#NONNULL}.
1223 >     *
1224 >     * @return the collection view
1225 >     */
1226 >    public Collection<V> values() {
1227 >        ValuesView<K,V> vs;
1228 >        return (vs = values) != null ? vs : (values = new ValuesView<K,V>(this));
1229 >    }
1230 >
1231 >    /**
1232 >     * Returns a {@link Set} view of the mappings contained in this map.
1233 >     * The set is backed by the map, so changes to the map are
1234 >     * reflected in the set, and vice-versa.  The set supports element
1235 >     * removal, which removes the corresponding mapping from the map,
1236 >     * via the {@code Iterator.remove}, {@code Set.remove},
1237 >     * {@code removeAll}, {@code retainAll}, and {@code clear}
1238 >     * operations.
1239 >     *
1240 >     * <p>The view's iterators and spliterators are
1241 >     * <a href="package-summary.html#Weakly"><i>weakly consistent</i></a>.
1242 >     *
1243 >     * <p>The view's {@code spliterator} reports {@link Spliterator#CONCURRENT},
1244 >     * {@link Spliterator#DISTINCT}, and {@link Spliterator#NONNULL}.
1245 >     *
1246 >     * @return the set view
1247 >     */
1248 >    public Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet() {
1249 >        EntrySetView<K,V> es;
1250 >        return (es = entrySet) != null ? es : (entrySet = new EntrySetView<K,V>(this));
1251 >    }
1252 >
1253 >    /**
1254 >     * Returns the hash code value for this {@link Map}, i.e.,
1255 >     * the sum of, for each key-value pair in the map,
1256 >     * {@code key.hashCode() ^ value.hashCode()}.
1257 >     *
1258 >     * @return the hash code value for this map
1259 >     */
1260 >    public int hashCode() {
1261 >        int h = 0;
1262 >        Node<K,V>[] t;
1263 >        if ((t = table) != null) {
1264 >            Traverser<K,V> it = new Traverser<K,V>(t, t.length, 0, t.length);
1265 >            for (Node<K,V> p; (p = it.advance()) != null; )
1266 >                h += p.key.hashCode() ^ p.val.hashCode();
1267 >        }
1268 >        return h;
1269 >    }
1270 >
1271 >    /**
1272 >     * Returns a string representation of this map.  The string
1273 >     * representation consists of a list of key-value mappings (in no
1274 >     * particular order) enclosed in braces ("{@code {}}").  Adjacent
1275 >     * mappings are separated by the characters {@code ", "} (comma
1276 >     * and space).  Each key-value mapping is rendered as the key
1277 >     * followed by an equals sign ("{@code =}") followed by the
1278 >     * associated value.
1279 >     *
1280 >     * @return a string representation of this map
1281 >     */
1282 >    public String toString() {
1283 >        Node<K,V>[] t;
1284 >        int f = (t = table) == null ? 0 : t.length;
1285 >        Traverser<K,V> it = new Traverser<K,V>(t, f, 0, f);
1286 >        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
1287 >        sb.append('{');
1288 >        Node<K,V> p;
1289 >        if ((p = it.advance()) != null) {
1290 >            for (;;) {
1291 >                K k = p.key;
1292 >                V v = p.val;
1293 >                sb.append(k == this ? "(this Map)" : k);
1294 >                sb.append('=');
1295 >                sb.append(v == this ? "(this Map)" : v);
1296 >                if ((p = it.advance()) == null)
1297 >                    break;
1298 >                sb.append(',').append(' ');
1299 >            }
1300 >        }
1301 >        return sb.append('}').toString();
1302 >    }
1303 >
1304 >    /**
1305 >     * Compares the specified object with this map for equality.
1306 >     * Returns {@code true} if the given object is a map with the same
1307 >     * mappings as this map.  This operation may return misleading
1308 >     * results if either map is concurrently modified during execution
1309 >     * of this method.
1310 >     *
1311 >     * @param o object to be compared for equality with this map
1312 >     * @return {@code true} if the specified object is equal to this map
1313 >     */
1314 >    public boolean equals(Object o) {
1315 >        if (o != this) {
1316 >            if (!(o instanceof Map))
1317 >                return false;
1318 >            Map<?,?> m = (Map<?,?>) o;
1319 >            Node<K,V>[] t;
1320 >            int f = (t = table) == null ? 0 : t.length;
1321 >            Traverser<K,V> it = new Traverser<K,V>(t, f, 0, f);
1322 >            for (Node<K,V> p; (p = it.advance()) != null; ) {
1323 >                V val = p.val;
1324 >                Object v = m.get(p.key);
1325 >                if (v == null || (v != val && !v.equals(val)))
1326 >                    return false;
1327 >            }
1328 >            for (Map.Entry<?,?> e : m.entrySet()) {
1329 >                Object mk, mv, v;
1330 >                if ((mk = e.getKey()) == null ||
1331 >                    (mv = e.getValue()) == null ||
1332 >                    (v = get(mk)) == null ||
1333 >                    (mv != v && !mv.equals(v)))
1334 >                    return false;
1335 >            }
1336 >        }
1337 >        return true;
1338 >    }
1339 >
1340 >    /**
1341 >     * Stripped-down version of helper class used in previous version,
1342 >     * declared for the sake of serialization compatibility
1343 >     */
1344 >    static class Segment<K,V> extends ReentrantLock implements Serializable {
1345 >        private static final long serialVersionUID = 2249069246763182397L;
1346 >        final float loadFactor;
1347 >        Segment(float lf) { this.loadFactor = lf; }
1348 >    }
1349 >
1350 >    /**
1351 >     * Saves the state of the {@code ConcurrentHashMap} instance to a
1352 >     * stream (i.e., serializes it).
1353 >     * @param s the stream
1354 >     * @throws java.io.IOException if an I/O error occurs
1355 >     * @serialData
1356 >     * the key (Object) and value (Object)
1357 >     * for each key-value mapping, followed by a null pair.
1358 >     * The key-value mappings are emitted in no particular order.
1359 >     */
1360 >    private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s)
1361 >        throws java.io.IOException {
1362 >        // For serialization compatibility
1363 >        // Emulate segment calculation from previous version of this class
1364 >        int sshift = 0;
1365 >        int ssize = 1;
1366 >        while (ssize < DEFAULT_CONCURRENCY_LEVEL) {
1367 >            ++sshift;
1368 >            ssize <<= 1;
1369 >        }
1370 >        int segmentShift = 32 - sshift;
1371 >        int segmentMask = ssize - 1;
1372 >        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
1373 >        Segment<K,V>[] segments = (Segment<K,V>[])
1374 >            new Segment<?,?>[DEFAULT_CONCURRENCY_LEVEL];
1375 >        for (int i = 0; i < segments.length; ++i)
1376 >            segments[i] = new Segment<K,V>(LOAD_FACTOR);
1377 >        java.io.ObjectOutputStream.PutField streamFields = s.putFields();
1378 >        streamFields.put("segments", segments);
1379 >        streamFields.put("segmentShift", segmentShift);
1380 >        streamFields.put("segmentMask", segmentMask);
1381 >        s.writeFields();
1382 >
1383 >        Node<K,V>[] t;
1384 >        if ((t = table) != null) {
1385 >            Traverser<K,V> it = new Traverser<K,V>(t, t.length, 0, t.length);
1386 >            for (Node<K,V> p; (p = it.advance()) != null; ) {
1387 >                s.writeObject(p.key);
1388 >                s.writeObject(p.val);
1389 >            }
1390 >        }
1391 >        s.writeObject(null);
1392 >        s.writeObject(null);
1393 >        segments = null; // throw away
1394 >    }
1395 >
1396 >    /**
1397 >     * Reconstitutes the instance from a stream (that is, deserializes it).
1398 >     * @param s the stream
1399 >     * @throws ClassNotFoundException if the class of a serialized object
1400 >     *         could not be found
1401 >     * @throws java.io.IOException if an I/O error occurs
1402 >     */
1403 >    private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s)
1404 >        throws java.io.IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
1405 >        /*
1406 >         * To improve performance in typical cases, we create nodes
1407 >         * while reading, then place in table once size is known.
1408 >         * However, we must also validate uniqueness and deal with
1409 >         * overpopulated bins while doing so, which requires
1410 >         * specialized versions of putVal mechanics.
1411 >         */
1412 >        sizeCtl = -1; // force exclusion for table construction
1413 >        s.defaultReadObject();
1414 >        long size = 0L;
1415 >        Node<K,V> p = null;
1416 >        for (;;) {
1417 >            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
1418 >            K k = (K) s.readObject();
1419 >            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
1420 >            V v = (V) s.readObject();
1421 >            if (k != null && v != null) {
1422 >                p = new Node<K,V>(spread(k.hashCode()), k, v, p);
1423 >                ++size;
1424 >            }
1425 >            else
1426 >                break;
1427 >        }
1428 >        if (size == 0L)
1429 >            sizeCtl = 0;
1430 >        else {
1431 >            int n;
1432 >            if (size >= (long)(MAXIMUM_CAPACITY >>> 1))
1433 >                n = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;
1434 >            else {
1435 >                int sz = (int)size;
1436 >                n = tableSizeFor(sz + (sz >>> 1) + 1);
1437 >            }
1438 >            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
1439 >            Node<K,V>[] tab = (Node<K,V>[])new Node<?,?>[n];
1440 >            int mask = n - 1;
1441 >            long added = 0L;
1442 >            while (p != null) {
1443 >                boolean insertAtFront;
1444 >                Node<K,V> next = p.next, first;
1445 >                int h = p.hash, j = h & mask;
1446 >                if ((first = tabAt(tab, j)) == null)
1447 >                    insertAtFront = true;
1448 >                else {
1449 >                    K k = p.key;
1450 >                    if (first.hash < 0) {
1451 >                        TreeBin<K,V> t = (TreeBin<K,V>)first;
1452 >                        if (t.putTreeVal(h, k, p.val) == null)
1453 >                            ++added;
1454 >                        insertAtFront = false;
1455 >                    }
1456 >                    else {
1457 >                        int binCount = 0;
1458 >                        insertAtFront = true;
1459 >                        Node<K,V> q; K qk;
1460 >                        for (q = first; q != null; q = q.next) {
1461 >                            if (q.hash == h &&
1462 >                                ((qk = q.key) == k ||
1463 >                                 (qk != null && k.equals(qk)))) {
1464 >                                insertAtFront = false;
1465 >                                break;
1466 >                            }
1467 >                            ++binCount;
1468 >                        }
1469 >                        if (insertAtFront && binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD) {
1470 >                            insertAtFront = false;
1471 >                            ++added;
1472 >                            p.next = first;
1473 >                            TreeNode<K,V> hd = null, tl = null;
1474 >                            for (q = p; q != null; q = q.next) {
1475 >                                TreeNode<K,V> t = new TreeNode<K,V>
1476 >                                    (q.hash, q.key, q.val, null, null);
1477 >                                if ((t.prev = tl) == null)
1478 >                                    hd = t;
1479 >                                else
1480 >                                    tl.next = t;
1481 >                                tl = t;
1482 >                            }
1483 >                            setTabAt(tab, j, new TreeBin<K,V>(hd));
1484 >                        }
1485 >                    }
1486 >                }
1487 >                if (insertAtFront) {
1488 >                    ++added;
1489 >                    p.next = first;
1490 >                    setTabAt(tab, j, p);
1491 >                }
1492 >                p = next;
1493 >            }
1494 >            table = tab;
1495 >            sizeCtl = n - (n >>> 2);
1496 >            baseCount = added;
1497 >        }
1498 >    }
1499 >
1500 >    // ConcurrentMap methods
1501 >
1502 >    /**
1503 >     * {@inheritDoc}
1504 >     *
1505 >     * @return the previous value associated with the specified key,
1506 >     *         or {@code null} if there was no mapping for the key
1507 >     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified key or value is null
1508 >     */
1509 >    public V putIfAbsent(K key, V value) {
1510 >        return putVal(key, value, true);
1511      }
1512  
1513      /**
# Line 925 | Line 1516 | public class ConcurrentHashMap<K, V> ext
1516       * @throws NullPointerException if the specified key is null
1517       */
1518      public boolean remove(Object key, Object value) {
1519 <        int hash = hash(key.hashCode());
1520 <        if (value == null)
1521 <            return false;
931 <        return segmentFor(hash).remove(key, hash, value) != null;
1519 >        if (key == null)
1520 >            throw new NullPointerException();
1521 >        return value != null && replaceNode(key, null, value) != null;
1522      }
1523  
1524      /**
# Line 937 | Line 1527 | public class ConcurrentHashMap<K, V> ext
1527       * @throws NullPointerException if any of the arguments are null
1528       */
1529      public boolean replace(K key, V oldValue, V newValue) {
1530 <        if (oldValue == null || newValue == null)
1530 >        if (key == null || oldValue == null || newValue == null)
1531              throw new NullPointerException();
1532 <        int hash = hash(key.hashCode());
943 <        return segmentFor(hash).replace(key, hash, oldValue, newValue);
1532 >        return replaceNode(key, newValue, oldValue) != null;
1533      }
1534  
1535      /**
1536       * {@inheritDoc}
1537       *
1538       * @return the previous value associated with the specified key,
1539 <     *         or <tt>null</tt> if there was no mapping for the key
1539 >     *         or {@code null} if there was no mapping for the key
1540       * @throws NullPointerException if the specified key or value is null
1541       */
1542      public V replace(K key, V value) {
1543 <        if (value == null)
1543 >        if (key == null || value == null)
1544              throw new NullPointerException();
1545 <        int hash = hash(key.hashCode());
957 <        return segmentFor(hash).replace(key, hash, value);
1545 >        return replaceNode(key, value, null);
1546      }
1547  
1548 +    // Overrides of JDK8+ Map extension method defaults
1549 +
1550      /**
1551 <     * Removes all of the mappings from this map.
1551 >     * Returns the value to which the specified key is mapped, or the
1552 >     * given default value if this map contains no mapping for the
1553 >     * key.
1554 >     *
1555 >     * @param key the key whose associated value is to be returned
1556 >     * @param defaultValue the value to return if this map contains
1557 >     * no mapping for the given key
1558 >     * @return the mapping for the key, if present; else the default value
1559 >     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified key is null
1560       */
1561 <    public void clear() {
1562 <        for (int i = 0; i < segments.length; ++i)
1563 <            segments[i].clear();
1561 >    public V getOrDefault(Object key, V defaultValue) {
1562 >        V v;
1563 >        return (v = get(key)) == null ? defaultValue : v;
1564 >    }
1565 >
1566 >    public void forEach(BiConsumer<? super K, ? super V> action) {
1567 >        if (action == null) throw new NullPointerException();
1568 >        Node<K,V>[] t;
1569 >        if ((t = table) != null) {
1570 >            Traverser<K,V> it = new Traverser<K,V>(t, t.length, 0, t.length);
1571 >            for (Node<K,V> p; (p = it.advance()) != null; ) {
1572 >                action.accept(p.key, p.val);
1573 >            }
1574 >        }
1575 >    }
1576 >
1577 >    public void replaceAll(BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends V> function) {
1578 >        if (function == null) throw new NullPointerException();
1579 >        Node<K,V>[] t;
1580 >        if ((t = table) != null) {
1581 >            Traverser<K,V> it = new Traverser<K,V>(t, t.length, 0, t.length);
1582 >            for (Node<K,V> p; (p = it.advance()) != null; ) {
1583 >                V oldValue = p.val;
1584 >                for (K key = p.key;;) {
1585 >                    V newValue = function.apply(key, oldValue);
1586 >                    if (newValue == null)
1587 >                        throw new NullPointerException();
1588 >                    if (replaceNode(key, newValue, oldValue) != null ||
1589 >                        (oldValue = get(key)) == null)
1590 >                        break;
1591 >                }
1592 >            }
1593 >        }
1594      }
1595  
1596      /**
1597 <     * Returns a {@link Set} view of the keys contained in this map.
1598 <     * The set is backed by the map, so changes to the map are
1599 <     * reflected in the set, and vice-versa.  The set supports element
1600 <     * removal, which removes the corresponding mapping from this map,
1601 <     * via the <tt>Iterator.remove</tt>, <tt>Set.remove</tt>,
1602 <     * <tt>removeAll</tt>, <tt>retainAll</tt>, and <tt>clear</tt>
1603 <     * operations.  It does not support the <tt>add</tt> or
1604 <     * <tt>addAll</tt> operations.
1605 <     *
1606 <     * <p>The view's <tt>iterator</tt> is a "weakly consistent" iterator
1607 <     * that will never throw {@link ConcurrentModificationException},
1608 <     * and guarantees to traverse elements as they existed upon
1609 <     * construction of the iterator, and may (but is not guaranteed to)
1610 <     * reflect any modifications subsequent to construction.
1611 <     */
1612 <    public Set<K> keySet() {
1613 <        Set<K> ks = keySet;
986 <        return (ks != null) ? ks : (keySet = new KeySet());
1597 >     * Helper method for EntrySet.removeIf
1598 >     */
1599 >    boolean removeEntryIf(Predicate<? super Entry<K,V>> function) {
1600 >        if (function == null) throw new NullPointerException();
1601 >        Node<K,V>[] t;
1602 >        boolean removed = false;
1603 >        if ((t = table) != null) {
1604 >            Traverser<K,V> it = new Traverser<K,V>(t, t.length, 0, t.length);
1605 >            for (Node<K,V> p; (p = it.advance()) != null; ) {
1606 >                K k = p.key;
1607 >                V v = p.val;
1608 >                Map.Entry<K,V> e = new AbstractMap.SimpleImmutableEntry<>(k, v);
1609 >                if (function.test(e) && replaceNode(k, null, v) != null)
1610 >                    removed = true;
1611 >            }
1612 >        }
1613 >        return removed;
1614      }
1615  
1616      /**
1617 <     * Returns a {@link Collection} view of the values contained in this map.
991 <     * The collection is backed by the map, so changes to the map are
992 <     * reflected in the collection, and vice-versa.  The collection
993 <     * supports element removal, which removes the corresponding
994 <     * mapping from this map, via the <tt>Iterator.remove</tt>,
995 <     * <tt>Collection.remove</tt>, <tt>removeAll</tt>,
996 <     * <tt>retainAll</tt>, and <tt>clear</tt> operations.  It does not
997 <     * support the <tt>add</tt> or <tt>addAll</tt> operations.
998 <     *
999 <     * <p>The view's <tt>iterator</tt> is a "weakly consistent" iterator
1000 <     * that will never throw {@link ConcurrentModificationException},
1001 <     * and guarantees to traverse elements as they existed upon
1002 <     * construction of the iterator, and may (but is not guaranteed to)
1003 <     * reflect any modifications subsequent to construction.
1617 >     * Helper method for Values.removeIf
1618       */
1619 <    public Collection<V> values() {
1620 <        Collection<V> vs = values;
1621 <        return (vs != null) ? vs : (values = new Values());
1619 >    boolean removeValueIf(Predicate<? super  V> function) {
1620 >        if (function == null) throw new NullPointerException();
1621 >        Node<K,V>[] t;
1622 >        boolean removed = false;
1623 >        if ((t = table) != null) {
1624 >            Traverser<K,V> it = new Traverser<K,V>(t, t.length, 0, t.length);
1625 >            for (Node<K,V> p; (p = it.advance()) != null; ) {
1626 >                K k = p.key;
1627 >                V v = p.val;
1628 >                if (function.test(v) && replaceNode(k, null, v) != null)
1629 >                    removed = true;
1630 >            }
1631 >        }
1632 >        return removed;
1633      }
1634  
1635      /**
1636 <     * Returns a {@link Set} view of the mappings contained in this map.
1637 <     * The set is backed by the map, so changes to the map are
1638 <     * reflected in the set, and vice-versa.  The set supports element
1639 <     * removal, which removes the corresponding mapping from the map,
1640 <     * via the <tt>Iterator.remove</tt>, <tt>Set.remove</tt>,
1641 <     * <tt>removeAll</tt>, <tt>retainAll</tt>, and <tt>clear</tt>
1642 <     * operations.  It does not support the <tt>add</tt> or
1643 <     * <tt>addAll</tt> operations.
1644 <     *
1645 <     * <p>The view's <tt>iterator</tt> is a "weakly consistent" iterator
1646 <     * that will never throw {@link ConcurrentModificationException},
1647 <     * and guarantees to traverse elements as they existed upon
1648 <     * construction of the iterator, and may (but is not guaranteed to)
1649 <     * reflect any modifications subsequent to construction.
1636 >     * If the specified key is not already associated with a value,
1637 >     * attempts to compute its value using the given mapping function
1638 >     * and enters it into this map unless {@code null}.  The entire
1639 >     * method invocation is performed atomically, so the function is
1640 >     * applied at most once per key.  Some attempted update operations
1641 >     * on this map by other threads may be blocked while computation
1642 >     * is in progress, so the computation should be short and simple,
1643 >     * and must not attempt to update any other mappings of this map.
1644 >     *
1645 >     * @param key key with which the specified value is to be associated
1646 >     * @param mappingFunction the function to compute a value
1647 >     * @return the current (existing or computed) value associated with
1648 >     *         the specified key, or null if the computed value is null
1649 >     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified key or mappingFunction
1650 >     *         is null
1651 >     * @throws IllegalStateException if the computation detectably
1652 >     *         attempts a recursive update to this map that would
1653 >     *         otherwise never complete
1654 >     * @throws RuntimeException or Error if the mappingFunction does so,
1655 >     *         in which case the mapping is left unestablished
1656       */
1657 <    public Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet() {
1658 <        Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> es = entrySet;
1659 <        return (es != null) ? es : (entrySet = new EntrySet());
1657 >    public V computeIfAbsent(K key, Function<? super K, ? extends V> mappingFunction) {
1658 >        if (key == null || mappingFunction == null)
1659 >            throw new NullPointerException();
1660 >        int h = spread(key.hashCode());
1661 >        V val = null;
1662 >        int binCount = 0;
1663 >        for (Node<K,V>[] tab = table;;) {
1664 >            Node<K,V> f; int n, i, fh;
1665 >            if (tab == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
1666 >                tab = initTable();
1667 >            else if ((f = tabAt(tab, i = (n - 1) & h)) == null) {
1668 >                Node<K,V> r = new ReservationNode<K,V>();
1669 >                synchronized (r) {
1670 >                    if (casTabAt(tab, i, null, r)) {
1671 >                        binCount = 1;
1672 >                        Node<K,V> node = null;
1673 >                        try {
1674 >                            if ((val = mappingFunction.apply(key)) != null)
1675 >                                node = new Node<K,V>(h, key, val, null);
1676 >                        } finally {
1677 >                            setTabAt(tab, i, node);
1678 >                        }
1679 >                    }
1680 >                }
1681 >                if (binCount != 0)
1682 >                    break;
1683 >            }
1684 >            else if ((fh = f.hash) == MOVED)
1685 >                tab = helpTransfer(tab, f);
1686 >            else {
1687 >                boolean added = false;
1688 >                synchronized (f) {
1689 >                    if (tabAt(tab, i) == f) {
1690 >                        if (fh >= 0) {
1691 >                            binCount = 1;
1692 >                            for (Node<K,V> e = f;; ++binCount) {
1693 >                                K ek;
1694 >                                if (e.hash == h &&
1695 >                                    ((ek = e.key) == key ||
1696 >                                     (ek != null && key.equals(ek)))) {
1697 >                                    val = e.val;
1698 >                                    break;
1699 >                                }
1700 >                                Node<K,V> pred = e;
1701 >                                if ((e = e.next) == null) {
1702 >                                    if ((val = mappingFunction.apply(key)) != null) {
1703 >                                        if (pred.next != null)
1704 >                                            throw new IllegalStateException("Recursive update");
1705 >                                        added = true;
1706 >                                        pred.next = new Node<K,V>(h, key, val, null);
1707 >                                    }
1708 >                                    break;
1709 >                                }
1710 >                            }
1711 >                        }
1712 >                        else if (f instanceof TreeBin) {
1713 >                            binCount = 2;
1714 >                            TreeBin<K,V> t = (TreeBin<K,V>)f;
1715 >                            TreeNode<K,V> r, p;
1716 >                            if ((r = t.root) != null &&
1717 >                                (p = r.findTreeNode(h, key, null)) != null)
1718 >                                val = p.val;
1719 >                            else if ((val = mappingFunction.apply(key)) != null) {
1720 >                                added = true;
1721 >                                t.putTreeVal(h, key, val);
1722 >                            }
1723 >                        }
1724 >                        else if (f instanceof ReservationNode)
1725 >                            throw new IllegalStateException("Recursive update");
1726 >                    }
1727 >                }
1728 >                if (binCount != 0) {
1729 >                    if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD)
1730 >                        treeifyBin(tab, i);
1731 >                    if (!added)
1732 >                        return val;
1733 >                    break;
1734 >                }
1735 >            }
1736 >        }
1737 >        if (val != null)
1738 >            addCount(1L, binCount);
1739 >        return val;
1740 >    }
1741 >
1742 >    /**
1743 >     * If the value for the specified key is present, attempts to
1744 >     * compute a new mapping given the key and its current mapped
1745 >     * value.  The entire method invocation is performed atomically.
1746 >     * Some attempted update operations on this map by other threads
1747 >     * may be blocked while computation is in progress, so the
1748 >     * computation should be short and simple, and must not attempt to
1749 >     * update any other mappings of this map.
1750 >     *
1751 >     * @param key key with which a value may be associated
1752 >     * @param remappingFunction the function to compute a value
1753 >     * @return the new value associated with the specified key, or null if none
1754 >     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified key or remappingFunction
1755 >     *         is null
1756 >     * @throws IllegalStateException if the computation detectably
1757 >     *         attempts a recursive update to this map that would
1758 >     *         otherwise never complete
1759 >     * @throws RuntimeException or Error if the remappingFunction does so,
1760 >     *         in which case the mapping is unchanged
1761 >     */
1762 >    public V computeIfPresent(K key, BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends V> remappingFunction) {
1763 >        if (key == null || remappingFunction == null)
1764 >            throw new NullPointerException();
1765 >        int h = spread(key.hashCode());
1766 >        V val = null;
1767 >        int delta = 0;
1768 >        int binCount = 0;
1769 >        for (Node<K,V>[] tab = table;;) {
1770 >            Node<K,V> f; int n, i, fh;
1771 >            if (tab == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
1772 >                tab = initTable();
1773 >            else if ((f = tabAt(tab, i = (n - 1) & h)) == null)
1774 >                break;
1775 >            else if ((fh = f.hash) == MOVED)
1776 >                tab = helpTransfer(tab, f);
1777 >            else {
1778 >                synchronized (f) {
1779 >                    if (tabAt(tab, i) == f) {
1780 >                        if (fh >= 0) {
1781 >                            binCount = 1;
1782 >                            for (Node<K,V> e = f, pred = null;; ++binCount) {
1783 >                                K ek;
1784 >                                if (e.hash == h &&
1785 >                                    ((ek = e.key) == key ||
1786 >                                     (ek != null && key.equals(ek)))) {
1787 >                                    val = remappingFunction.apply(key, e.val);
1788 >                                    if (val != null)
1789 >                                        e.val = val;
1790 >                                    else {
1791 >                                        delta = -1;
1792 >                                        Node<K,V> en = e.next;
1793 >                                        if (pred != null)
1794 >                                            pred.next = en;
1795 >                                        else
1796 >                                            setTabAt(tab, i, en);
1797 >                                    }
1798 >                                    break;
1799 >                                }
1800 >                                pred = e;
1801 >                                if ((e = e.next) == null)
1802 >                                    break;
1803 >                            }
1804 >                        }
1805 >                        else if (f instanceof TreeBin) {
1806 >                            binCount = 2;
1807 >                            TreeBin<K,V> t = (TreeBin<K,V>)f;
1808 >                            TreeNode<K,V> r, p;
1809 >                            if ((r = t.root) != null &&
1810 >                                (p = r.findTreeNode(h, key, null)) != null) {
1811 >                                val = remappingFunction.apply(key, p.val);
1812 >                                if (val != null)
1813 >                                    p.val = val;
1814 >                                else {
1815 >                                    delta = -1;
1816 >                                    if (t.removeTreeNode(p))
1817 >                                        setTabAt(tab, i, untreeify(t.first));
1818 >                                }
1819 >                            }
1820 >                        }
1821 >                        else if (f instanceof ReservationNode)
1822 >                            throw new IllegalStateException("Recursive update");
1823 >                    }
1824 >                }
1825 >                if (binCount != 0)
1826 >                    break;
1827 >            }
1828 >        }
1829 >        if (delta != 0)
1830 >            addCount((long)delta, binCount);
1831 >        return val;
1832 >    }
1833 >
1834 >    /**
1835 >     * Attempts to compute a mapping for the specified key and its
1836 >     * current mapped value (or {@code null} if there is no current
1837 >     * mapping). The entire method invocation is performed atomically.
1838 >     * Some attempted update operations on this map by other threads
1839 >     * may be blocked while computation is in progress, so the
1840 >     * computation should be short and simple, and must not attempt to
1841 >     * update any other mappings of this Map.
1842 >     *
1843 >     * @param key key with which the specified value is to be associated
1844 >     * @param remappingFunction the function to compute a value
1845 >     * @return the new value associated with the specified key, or null if none
1846 >     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified key or remappingFunction
1847 >     *         is null
1848 >     * @throws IllegalStateException if the computation detectably
1849 >     *         attempts a recursive update to this map that would
1850 >     *         otherwise never complete
1851 >     * @throws RuntimeException or Error if the remappingFunction does so,
1852 >     *         in which case the mapping is unchanged
1853 >     */
1854 >    public V compute(K key,
1855 >                     BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends V> remappingFunction) {
1856 >        if (key == null || remappingFunction == null)
1857 >            throw new NullPointerException();
1858 >        int h = spread(key.hashCode());
1859 >        V val = null;
1860 >        int delta = 0;
1861 >        int binCount = 0;
1862 >        for (Node<K,V>[] tab = table;;) {
1863 >            Node<K,V> f; int n, i, fh;
1864 >            if (tab == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
1865 >                tab = initTable();
1866 >            else if ((f = tabAt(tab, i = (n - 1) & h)) == null) {
1867 >                Node<K,V> r = new ReservationNode<K,V>();
1868 >                synchronized (r) {
1869 >                    if (casTabAt(tab, i, null, r)) {
1870 >                        binCount = 1;
1871 >                        Node<K,V> node = null;
1872 >                        try {
1873 >                            if ((val = remappingFunction.apply(key, null)) != null) {
1874 >                                delta = 1;
1875 >                                node = new Node<K,V>(h, key, val, null);
1876 >                            }
1877 >                        } finally {
1878 >                            setTabAt(tab, i, node);
1879 >                        }
1880 >                    }
1881 >                }
1882 >                if (binCount != 0)
1883 >                    break;
1884 >            }
1885 >            else if ((fh = f.hash) == MOVED)
1886 >                tab = helpTransfer(tab, f);
1887 >            else {
1888 >                synchronized (f) {
1889 >                    if (tabAt(tab, i) == f) {
1890 >                        if (fh >= 0) {
1891 >                            binCount = 1;
1892 >                            for (Node<K,V> e = f, pred = null;; ++binCount) {
1893 >                                K ek;
1894 >                                if (e.hash == h &&
1895 >                                    ((ek = e.key) == key ||
1896 >                                     (ek != null && key.equals(ek)))) {
1897 >                                    val = remappingFunction.apply(key, e.val);
1898 >                                    if (val != null)
1899 >                                        e.val = val;
1900 >                                    else {
1901 >                                        delta = -1;
1902 >                                        Node<K,V> en = e.next;
1903 >                                        if (pred != null)
1904 >                                            pred.next = en;
1905 >                                        else
1906 >                                            setTabAt(tab, i, en);
1907 >                                    }
1908 >                                    break;
1909 >                                }
1910 >                                pred = e;
1911 >                                if ((e = e.next) == null) {
1912 >                                    val = remappingFunction.apply(key, null);
1913 >                                    if (val != null) {
1914 >                                        if (pred.next != null)
1915 >                                            throw new IllegalStateException("Recursive update");
1916 >                                        delta = 1;
1917 >                                        pred.next =
1918 >                                            new Node<K,V>(h, key, val, null);
1919 >                                    }
1920 >                                    break;
1921 >                                }
1922 >                            }
1923 >                        }
1924 >                        else if (f instanceof TreeBin) {
1925 >                            binCount = 1;
1926 >                            TreeBin<K,V> t = (TreeBin<K,V>)f;
1927 >                            TreeNode<K,V> r, p;
1928 >                            if ((r = t.root) != null)
1929 >                                p = r.findTreeNode(h, key, null);
1930 >                            else
1931 >                                p = null;
1932 >                            V pv = (p == null) ? null : p.val;
1933 >                            val = remappingFunction.apply(key, pv);
1934 >                            if (val != null) {
1935 >                                if (p != null)
1936 >                                    p.val = val;
1937 >                                else {
1938 >                                    delta = 1;
1939 >                                    t.putTreeVal(h, key, val);
1940 >                                }
1941 >                            }
1942 >                            else if (p != null) {
1943 >                                delta = -1;
1944 >                                if (t.removeTreeNode(p))
1945 >                                    setTabAt(tab, i, untreeify(t.first));
1946 >                            }
1947 >                        }
1948 >                        else if (f instanceof ReservationNode)
1949 >                            throw new IllegalStateException("Recursive update");
1950 >                    }
1951 >                }
1952 >                if (binCount != 0) {
1953 >                    if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD)
1954 >                        treeifyBin(tab, i);
1955 >                    break;
1956 >                }
1957 >            }
1958 >        }
1959 >        if (delta != 0)
1960 >            addCount((long)delta, binCount);
1961 >        return val;
1962 >    }
1963 >
1964 >    /**
1965 >     * If the specified key is not already associated with a
1966 >     * (non-null) value, associates it with the given value.
1967 >     * Otherwise, replaces the value with the results of the given
1968 >     * remapping function, or removes if {@code null}. The entire
1969 >     * method invocation is performed atomically.  Some attempted
1970 >     * update operations on this map by other threads may be blocked
1971 >     * while computation is in progress, so the computation should be
1972 >     * short and simple, and must not attempt to update any other
1973 >     * mappings of this Map.
1974 >     *
1975 >     * @param key key with which the specified value is to be associated
1976 >     * @param value the value to use if absent
1977 >     * @param remappingFunction the function to recompute a value if present
1978 >     * @return the new value associated with the specified key, or null if none
1979 >     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified key or the
1980 >     *         remappingFunction is null
1981 >     * @throws RuntimeException or Error if the remappingFunction does so,
1982 >     *         in which case the mapping is unchanged
1983 >     */
1984 >    public V merge(K key, V value, BiFunction<? super V, ? super V, ? extends V> remappingFunction) {
1985 >        if (key == null || value == null || remappingFunction == null)
1986 >            throw new NullPointerException();
1987 >        int h = spread(key.hashCode());
1988 >        V val = null;
1989 >        int delta = 0;
1990 >        int binCount = 0;
1991 >        for (Node<K,V>[] tab = table;;) {
1992 >            Node<K,V> f; int n, i, fh;
1993 >            if (tab == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
1994 >                tab = initTable();
1995 >            else if ((f = tabAt(tab, i = (n - 1) & h)) == null) {
1996 >                if (casTabAt(tab, i, null, new Node<K,V>(h, key, value, null))) {
1997 >                    delta = 1;
1998 >                    val = value;
1999 >                    break;
2000 >                }
2001 >            }
2002 >            else if ((fh = f.hash) == MOVED)
2003 >                tab = helpTransfer(tab, f);
2004 >            else {
2005 >                synchronized (f) {
2006 >                    if (tabAt(tab, i) == f) {
2007 >                        if (fh >= 0) {
2008 >                            binCount = 1;
2009 >                            for (Node<K,V> e = f, pred = null;; ++binCount) {
2010 >                                K ek;
2011 >                                if (e.hash == h &&
2012 >                                    ((ek = e.key) == key ||
2013 >                                     (ek != null && key.equals(ek)))) {
2014 >                                    val = remappingFunction.apply(e.val, value);
2015 >                                    if (val != null)
2016 >                                        e.val = val;
2017 >                                    else {
2018 >                                        delta = -1;
2019 >                                        Node<K,V> en = e.next;
2020 >                                        if (pred != null)
2021 >                                            pred.next = en;
2022 >                                        else
2023 >                                            setTabAt(tab, i, en);
2024 >                                    }
2025 >                                    break;
2026 >                                }
2027 >                                pred = e;
2028 >                                if ((e = e.next) == null) {
2029 >                                    delta = 1;
2030 >                                    val = value;
2031 >                                    pred.next =
2032 >                                        new Node<K,V>(h, key, val, null);
2033 >                                    break;
2034 >                                }
2035 >                            }
2036 >                        }
2037 >                        else if (f instanceof TreeBin) {
2038 >                            binCount = 2;
2039 >                            TreeBin<K,V> t = (TreeBin<K,V>)f;
2040 >                            TreeNode<K,V> r = t.root;
2041 >                            TreeNode<K,V> p = (r == null) ? null :
2042 >                                r.findTreeNode(h, key, null);
2043 >                            val = (p == null) ? value :
2044 >                                remappingFunction.apply(p.val, value);
2045 >                            if (val != null) {
2046 >                                if (p != null)
2047 >                                    p.val = val;
2048 >                                else {
2049 >                                    delta = 1;
2050 >                                    t.putTreeVal(h, key, val);
2051 >                                }
2052 >                            }
2053 >                            else if (p != null) {
2054 >                                delta = -1;
2055 >                                if (t.removeTreeNode(p))
2056 >                                    setTabAt(tab, i, untreeify(t.first));
2057 >                            }
2058 >                        }
2059 >                        else if (f instanceof ReservationNode)
2060 >                            throw new IllegalStateException("Recursive update");
2061 >                    }
2062 >                }
2063 >                if (binCount != 0) {
2064 >                    if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD)
2065 >                        treeifyBin(tab, i);
2066 >                    break;
2067 >                }
2068 >            }
2069 >        }
2070 >        if (delta != 0)
2071 >            addCount((long)delta, binCount);
2072 >        return val;
2073 >    }
2074 >
2075 >    // Hashtable legacy methods
2076 >
2077 >    /**
2078 >     * Legacy method testing if some key maps into the specified value
2079 >     * in this table.
2080 >     *
2081 >     * @deprecated This method is identical in functionality to
2082 >     * {@link #containsValue(Object)}, and exists solely to ensure
2083 >     * full compatibility with class {@link java.util.Hashtable},
2084 >     * which supported this method prior to introduction of the
2085 >     * Java Collections framework.
2086 >     *
2087 >     * @param  value a value to search for
2088 >     * @return {@code true} if and only if some key maps to the
2089 >     *         {@code value} argument in this table as
2090 >     *         determined by the {@code equals} method;
2091 >     *         {@code false} otherwise
2092 >     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified value is null
2093 >     */
2094 >    @Deprecated
2095 >    public boolean contains(Object value) {
2096 >        return containsValue(value);
2097      }
2098  
2099      /**
2100       * Returns an enumeration of the keys in this table.
2101       *
2102       * @return an enumeration of the keys in this table
2103 <     * @see #keySet
2103 >     * @see #keySet()
2104       */
2105      public Enumeration<K> keys() {
2106 <        return new KeyIterator();
2106 >        Node<K,V>[] t;
2107 >        int f = (t = table) == null ? 0 : t.length;
2108 >        return new KeyIterator<K,V>(t, f, 0, f, this);
2109      }
2110  
2111      /**
2112       * Returns an enumeration of the values in this table.
2113       *
2114       * @return an enumeration of the values in this table
2115 <     * @see #values
2115 >     * @see #values()
2116       */
2117      public Enumeration<V> elements() {
2118 <        return new ValueIterator();
2118 >        Node<K,V>[] t;
2119 >        int f = (t = table) == null ? 0 : t.length;
2120 >        return new ValueIterator<K,V>(t, f, 0, f, this);
2121      }
2122  
2123 <    /* ---------------- Iterator Support -------------- */
2123 >    // ConcurrentHashMap-only methods
2124  
2125 <    abstract class HashIterator {
2126 <        int nextSegmentIndex;
2127 <        int nextTableIndex;
2128 <        HashEntry<K,V>[] currentTable;
2129 <        HashEntry<K, V> nextEntry;
2130 <        HashEntry<K, V> lastReturned;
2125 >    /**
2126 >     * Returns the number of mappings. This method should be used
2127 >     * instead of {@link #size} because a ConcurrentHashMap may
2128 >     * contain more mappings than can be represented as an int. The
2129 >     * value returned is an estimate; the actual count may differ if
2130 >     * there are concurrent insertions or removals.
2131 >     *
2132 >     * @return the number of mappings
2133 >     * @since 1.8
2134 >     */
2135 >    public long mappingCount() {
2136 >        long n = sumCount();
2137 >        return (n < 0L) ? 0L : n; // ignore transient negative values
2138 >    }
2139  
2140 <        HashIterator() {
2141 <            nextSegmentIndex = segments.length - 1;
2142 <            nextTableIndex = -1;
2143 <            advance();
2140 >    /**
2141 >     * Creates a new {@link Set} backed by a ConcurrentHashMap
2142 >     * from the given type to {@code Boolean.TRUE}.
2143 >     *
2144 >     * @param <K> the element type of the returned set
2145 >     * @return the new set
2146 >     * @since 1.8
2147 >     */
2148 >    public static <K> KeySetView<K,Boolean> newKeySet() {
2149 >        return new KeySetView<K,Boolean>
2150 >            (new ConcurrentHashMap<K,Boolean>(), Boolean.TRUE);
2151 >    }
2152 >
2153 >    /**
2154 >     * Creates a new {@link Set} backed by a ConcurrentHashMap
2155 >     * from the given type to {@code Boolean.TRUE}.
2156 >     *
2157 >     * @param initialCapacity The implementation performs internal
2158 >     * sizing to accommodate this many elements.
2159 >     * @param <K> the element type of the returned set
2160 >     * @return the new set
2161 >     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the initial capacity of
2162 >     * elements is negative
2163 >     * @since 1.8
2164 >     */
2165 >    public static <K> KeySetView<K,Boolean> newKeySet(int initialCapacity) {
2166 >        return new KeySetView<K,Boolean>
2167 >            (new ConcurrentHashMap<K,Boolean>(initialCapacity), Boolean.TRUE);
2168 >    }
2169 >
2170 >    /**
2171 >     * Returns a {@link Set} view of the keys in this map, using the
2172 >     * given common mapped value for any additions (i.e., {@link
2173 >     * Collection#add} and {@link Collection#addAll(Collection)}).
2174 >     * This is of course only appropriate if it is acceptable to use
2175 >     * the same value for all additions from this view.
2176 >     *
2177 >     * @param mappedValue the mapped value to use for any additions
2178 >     * @return the set view
2179 >     * @throws NullPointerException if the mappedValue is null
2180 >     */
2181 >    public KeySetView<K,V> keySet(V mappedValue) {
2182 >        if (mappedValue == null)
2183 >            throw new NullPointerException();
2184 >        return new KeySetView<K,V>(this, mappedValue);
2185 >    }
2186 >
2187 >    /* ---------------- Special Nodes -------------- */
2188 >
2189 >    /**
2190 >     * A node inserted at head of bins during transfer operations.
2191 >     */
2192 >    static final class ForwardingNode<K,V> extends Node<K,V> {
2193 >        final Node<K,V>[] nextTable;
2194 >        ForwardingNode(Node<K,V>[] tab) {
2195 >            super(MOVED, null, null, null);
2196 >            this.nextTable = tab;
2197 >        }
2198 >
2199 >        Node<K,V> find(int h, Object k) {
2200 >            // loop to avoid arbitrarily deep recursion on forwarding nodes
2201 >            outer: for (Node<K,V>[] tab = nextTable;;) {
2202 >                Node<K,V> e; int n;
2203 >                if (k == null || tab == null || (n = tab.length) == 0 ||
2204 >                    (e = tabAt(tab, (n - 1) & h)) == null)
2205 >                    return null;
2206 >                for (;;) {
2207 >                    int eh; K ek;
2208 >                    if ((eh = e.hash) == h &&
2209 >                        ((ek = e.key) == k || (ek != null && k.equals(ek))))
2210 >                        return e;
2211 >                    if (eh < 0) {
2212 >                        if (e instanceof ForwardingNode) {
2213 >                            tab = ((ForwardingNode<K,V>)e).nextTable;
2214 >                            continue outer;
2215 >                        }
2216 >                        else
2217 >                            return e.find(h, k);
2218 >                    }
2219 >                    if ((e = e.next) == null)
2220 >                        return null;
2221 >                }
2222 >            }
2223          }
2224 +    }
2225 +
2226 +    /**
2227 +     * A place-holder node used in computeIfAbsent and compute
2228 +     */
2229 +    static final class ReservationNode<K,V> extends Node<K,V> {
2230 +        ReservationNode() {
2231 +            super(RESERVED, null, null, null);
2232 +        }
2233 +
2234 +        Node<K,V> find(int h, Object k) {
2235 +            return null;
2236 +        }
2237 +    }
2238 +
2239 +    /* ---------------- Table Initialization and Resizing -------------- */
2240 +
2241 +    /**
2242 +     * Returns the stamp bits for resizing a table of size n.
2243 +     * Must be negative when shifted left by RESIZE_STAMP_SHIFT.
2244 +     */
2245 +    static final int resizeStamp(int n) {
2246 +        return Integer.numberOfLeadingZeros(n) | (1 << (RESIZE_STAMP_BITS - 1));
2247 +    }
2248  
2249 <        public boolean hasMoreElements() { return hasNext(); }
2249 >    /**
2250 >     * Initializes table, using the size recorded in sizeCtl.
2251 >     */
2252 >    private final Node<K,V>[] initTable() {
2253 >        Node<K,V>[] tab; int sc;
2254 >        while ((tab = table) == null || tab.length == 0) {
2255 >            if ((sc = sizeCtl) < 0)
2256 >                Thread.yield(); // lost initialization race; just spin
2257 >            else if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc, -1)) {
2258 >                try {
2259 >                    if ((tab = table) == null || tab.length == 0) {
2260 >                        int n = (sc > 0) ? sc : DEFAULT_CAPACITY;
2261 >                        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
2262 >                        Node<K,V>[] nt = (Node<K,V>[])new Node<?,?>[n];
2263 >                        table = tab = nt;
2264 >                        sc = n - (n >>> 2);
2265 >                    }
2266 >                } finally {
2267 >                    sizeCtl = sc;
2268 >                }
2269 >                break;
2270 >            }
2271 >        }
2272 >        return tab;
2273 >    }
2274  
2275 <        final void advance() {
2276 <            if (nextEntry != null && (nextEntry = nextEntry.next) != null)
2275 >    /**
2276 >     * Adds to count, and if table is too small and not already
2277 >     * resizing, initiates transfer. If already resizing, helps
2278 >     * perform transfer if work is available.  Rechecks occupancy
2279 >     * after a transfer to see if another resize is already needed
2280 >     * because resizings are lagging additions.
2281 >     *
2282 >     * @param x the count to add
2283 >     * @param check if <0, don't check resize, if <= 1 only check if uncontended
2284 >     */
2285 >    private final void addCount(long x, int check) {
2286 >        CounterCell[] as; long b, s;
2287 >        if ((as = counterCells) != null ||
2288 >            !U.compareAndSwapLong(this, BASECOUNT, b = baseCount, s = b + x)) {
2289 >            CounterCell a; long v; int m;
2290 >            boolean uncontended = true;
2291 >            if (as == null || (m = as.length - 1) < 0 ||
2292 >                (a = as[ThreadLocalRandom.getProbe() & m]) == null ||
2293 >                !(uncontended =
2294 >                  U.compareAndSwapLong(a, CELLVALUE, v = a.value, v + x))) {
2295 >                fullAddCount(x, uncontended);
2296 >                return;
2297 >            }
2298 >            if (check <= 1)
2299                  return;
2300 +            s = sumCount();
2301 +        }
2302 +        if (check >= 0) {
2303 +            Node<K,V>[] tab, nt; int n, sc;
2304 +            while (s >= (long)(sc = sizeCtl) && (tab = table) != null &&
2305 +                   (n = tab.length) < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) {
2306 +                int rs = resizeStamp(n);
2307 +                if (sc < 0) {
2308 +                    if ((sc >>> RESIZE_STAMP_SHIFT) != rs || sc == rs + 1 ||
2309 +                        sc == rs + MAX_RESIZERS || (nt = nextTable) == null ||
2310 +                        transferIndex <= 0)
2311 +                        break;
2312 +                    if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc, sc + 1))
2313 +                        transfer(tab, nt);
2314 +                }
2315 +                else if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc,
2316 +                                             (rs << RESIZE_STAMP_SHIFT) + 2))
2317 +                    transfer(tab, null);
2318 +                s = sumCount();
2319 +            }
2320 +        }
2321 +    }
2322 +
2323 +    /**
2324 +     * Helps transfer if a resize is in progress.
2325 +     */
2326 +    final Node<K,V>[] helpTransfer(Node<K,V>[] tab, Node<K,V> f) {
2327 +        Node<K,V>[] nextTab; int sc;
2328 +        if (tab != null && (f instanceof ForwardingNode) &&
2329 +            (nextTab = ((ForwardingNode<K,V>)f).nextTable) != null) {
2330 +            int rs = resizeStamp(tab.length);
2331 +            while (nextTab == nextTable && table == tab &&
2332 +                   (sc = sizeCtl) < 0) {
2333 +                if ((sc >>> RESIZE_STAMP_SHIFT) != rs || sc == rs + 1 ||
2334 +                    sc == rs + MAX_RESIZERS || transferIndex <= 0)
2335 +                    break;
2336 +                if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc, sc + 1)) {
2337 +                    transfer(tab, nextTab);
2338 +                    break;
2339 +                }
2340 +            }
2341 +            return nextTab;
2342 +        }
2343 +        return table;
2344 +    }
2345  
2346 <            while (nextTableIndex >= 0) {
2347 <                if ( (nextEntry = currentTable[nextTableIndex--]) != null)
2346 >    /**
2347 >     * Tries to presize table to accommodate the given number of elements.
2348 >     *
2349 >     * @param size number of elements (doesn't need to be perfectly accurate)
2350 >     */
2351 >    private final void tryPresize(int size) {
2352 >        int c = (size >= (MAXIMUM_CAPACITY >>> 1)) ? MAXIMUM_CAPACITY :
2353 >            tableSizeFor(size + (size >>> 1) + 1);
2354 >        int sc;
2355 >        while ((sc = sizeCtl) >= 0) {
2356 >            Node<K,V>[] tab = table; int n;
2357 >            if (tab == null || (n = tab.length) == 0) {
2358 >                n = (sc > c) ? sc : c;
2359 >                if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc, -1)) {
2360 >                    try {
2361 >                        if (table == tab) {
2362 >                            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
2363 >                            Node<K,V>[] nt = (Node<K,V>[])new Node<?,?>[n];
2364 >                            table = nt;
2365 >                            sc = n - (n >>> 2);
2366 >                        }
2367 >                    } finally {
2368 >                        sizeCtl = sc;
2369 >                    }
2370 >                }
2371 >            }
2372 >            else if (c <= sc || n >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)
2373 >                break;
2374 >            else if (tab == table) {
2375 >                int rs = resizeStamp(n);
2376 >                if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc,
2377 >                                        (rs << RESIZE_STAMP_SHIFT) + 2))
2378 >                    transfer(tab, null);
2379 >            }
2380 >        }
2381 >    }
2382 >
2383 >    /**
2384 >     * Moves and/or copies the nodes in each bin to new table. See
2385 >     * above for explanation.
2386 >     */
2387 >    private final void transfer(Node<K,V>[] tab, Node<K,V>[] nextTab) {
2388 >        int n = tab.length, stride;
2389 >        if ((stride = (NCPU > 1) ? (n >>> 3) / NCPU : n) < MIN_TRANSFER_STRIDE)
2390 >            stride = MIN_TRANSFER_STRIDE; // subdivide range
2391 >        if (nextTab == null) {            // initiating
2392 >            try {
2393 >                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
2394 >                Node<K,V>[] nt = (Node<K,V>[])new Node<?,?>[n << 1];
2395 >                nextTab = nt;
2396 >            } catch (Throwable ex) {      // try to cope with OOME
2397 >                sizeCtl = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
2398 >                return;
2399 >            }
2400 >            nextTable = nextTab;
2401 >            transferIndex = n;
2402 >        }
2403 >        int nextn = nextTab.length;
2404 >        ForwardingNode<K,V> fwd = new ForwardingNode<K,V>(nextTab);
2405 >        boolean advance = true;
2406 >        boolean finishing = false; // to ensure sweep before committing nextTab
2407 >        for (int i = 0, bound = 0;;) {
2408 >            Node<K,V> f; int fh;
2409 >            while (advance) {
2410 >                int nextIndex, nextBound;
2411 >                if (--i >= bound || finishing)
2412 >                    advance = false;
2413 >                else if ((nextIndex = transferIndex) <= 0) {
2414 >                    i = -1;
2415 >                    advance = false;
2416 >                }
2417 >                else if (U.compareAndSwapInt
2418 >                         (this, TRANSFERINDEX, nextIndex,
2419 >                          nextBound = (nextIndex > stride ?
2420 >                                       nextIndex - stride : 0))) {
2421 >                    bound = nextBound;
2422 >                    i = nextIndex - 1;
2423 >                    advance = false;
2424 >                }
2425 >            }
2426 >            if (i < 0 || i >= n || i + n >= nextn) {
2427 >                int sc;
2428 >                if (finishing) {
2429 >                    nextTable = null;
2430 >                    table = nextTab;
2431 >                    sizeCtl = (n << 1) - (n >>> 1);
2432                      return;
2433 +                }
2434 +                if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc = sizeCtl, sc - 1)) {
2435 +                    if ((sc - 2) != resizeStamp(n) << RESIZE_STAMP_SHIFT)
2436 +                        return;
2437 +                    finishing = advance = true;
2438 +                    i = n; // recheck before commit
2439 +                }
2440 +            }
2441 +            else if ((f = tabAt(tab, i)) == null)
2442 +                advance = casTabAt(tab, i, null, fwd);
2443 +            else if ((fh = f.hash) == MOVED)
2444 +                advance = true; // already processed
2445 +            else {
2446 +                synchronized (f) {
2447 +                    if (tabAt(tab, i) == f) {
2448 +                        Node<K,V> ln, hn;
2449 +                        if (fh >= 0) {
2450 +                            int runBit = fh & n;
2451 +                            Node<K,V> lastRun = f;
2452 +                            for (Node<K,V> p = f.next; p != null; p = p.next) {
2453 +                                int b = p.hash & n;
2454 +                                if (b != runBit) {
2455 +                                    runBit = b;
2456 +                                    lastRun = p;
2457 +                                }
2458 +                            }
2459 +                            if (runBit == 0) {
2460 +                                ln = lastRun;
2461 +                                hn = null;
2462 +                            }
2463 +                            else {
2464 +                                hn = lastRun;
2465 +                                ln = null;
2466 +                            }
2467 +                            for (Node<K,V> p = f; p != lastRun; p = p.next) {
2468 +                                int ph = p.hash; K pk = p.key; V pv = p.val;
2469 +                                if ((ph & n) == 0)
2470 +                                    ln = new Node<K,V>(ph, pk, pv, ln);
2471 +                                else
2472 +                                    hn = new Node<K,V>(ph, pk, pv, hn);
2473 +                            }
2474 +                            setTabAt(nextTab, i, ln);
2475 +                            setTabAt(nextTab, i + n, hn);
2476 +                            setTabAt(tab, i, fwd);
2477 +                            advance = true;
2478 +                        }
2479 +                        else if (f instanceof TreeBin) {
2480 +                            TreeBin<K,V> t = (TreeBin<K,V>)f;
2481 +                            TreeNode<K,V> lo = null, loTail = null;
2482 +                            TreeNode<K,V> hi = null, hiTail = null;
2483 +                            int lc = 0, hc = 0;
2484 +                            for (Node<K,V> e = t.first; e != null; e = e.next) {
2485 +                                int h = e.hash;
2486 +                                TreeNode<K,V> p = new TreeNode<K,V>
2487 +                                    (h, e.key, e.val, null, null);
2488 +                                if ((h & n) == 0) {
2489 +                                    if ((p.prev = loTail) == null)
2490 +                                        lo = p;
2491 +                                    else
2492 +                                        loTail.next = p;
2493 +                                    loTail = p;
2494 +                                    ++lc;
2495 +                                }
2496 +                                else {
2497 +                                    if ((p.prev = hiTail) == null)
2498 +                                        hi = p;
2499 +                                    else
2500 +                                        hiTail.next = p;
2501 +                                    hiTail = p;
2502 +                                    ++hc;
2503 +                                }
2504 +                            }
2505 +                            ln = (lc <= UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD) ? untreeify(lo) :
2506 +                                (hc != 0) ? new TreeBin<K,V>(lo) : t;
2507 +                            hn = (hc <= UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD) ? untreeify(hi) :
2508 +                                (lc != 0) ? new TreeBin<K,V>(hi) : t;
2509 +                            setTabAt(nextTab, i, ln);
2510 +                            setTabAt(nextTab, i + n, hn);
2511 +                            setTabAt(tab, i, fwd);
2512 +                            advance = true;
2513 +                        }
2514 +                    }
2515 +                }
2516 +            }
2517 +        }
2518 +    }
2519 +
2520 +    /* ---------------- Counter support -------------- */
2521 +
2522 +    /**
2523 +     * A padded cell for distributing counts.  Adapted from LongAdder
2524 +     * and Striped64.  See their internal docs for explanation.
2525 +     */
2526 +    @sun.misc.Contended static final class CounterCell {
2527 +        volatile long value;
2528 +        CounterCell(long x) { value = x; }
2529 +    }
2530 +
2531 +    final long sumCount() {
2532 +        CounterCell[] as = counterCells; CounterCell a;
2533 +        long sum = baseCount;
2534 +        if (as != null) {
2535 +            for (int i = 0; i < as.length; ++i) {
2536 +                if ((a = as[i]) != null)
2537 +                    sum += a.value;
2538              }
2539 +        }
2540 +        return sum;
2541 +    }
2542  
2543 <            while (nextSegmentIndex >= 0) {
2544 <                Segment<K,V> seg = segments[nextSegmentIndex--];
2545 <                if (seg.count != 0) {
2546 <                    currentTable = seg.table;
2547 <                    for (int j = currentTable.length - 1; j >= 0; --j) {
2548 <                        if ( (nextEntry = currentTable[j]) != null) {
2549 <                            nextTableIndex = j - 1;
2550 <                            return;
2543 >    // See LongAdder version for explanation
2544 >    private final void fullAddCount(long x, boolean wasUncontended) {
2545 >        int h;
2546 >        if ((h = ThreadLocalRandom.getProbe()) == 0) {
2547 >            ThreadLocalRandom.localInit();      // force initialization
2548 >            h = ThreadLocalRandom.getProbe();
2549 >            wasUncontended = true;
2550 >        }
2551 >        boolean collide = false;                // True if last slot nonempty
2552 >        for (;;) {
2553 >            CounterCell[] as; CounterCell a; int n; long v;
2554 >            if ((as = counterCells) != null && (n = as.length) > 0) {
2555 >                if ((a = as[(n - 1) & h]) == null) {
2556 >                    if (cellsBusy == 0) {            // Try to attach new Cell
2557 >                        CounterCell r = new CounterCell(x); // Optimistic create
2558 >                        if (cellsBusy == 0 &&
2559 >                            U.compareAndSwapInt(this, CELLSBUSY, 0, 1)) {
2560 >                            boolean created = false;
2561 >                            try {               // Recheck under lock
2562 >                                CounterCell[] rs; int m, j;
2563 >                                if ((rs = counterCells) != null &&
2564 >                                    (m = rs.length) > 0 &&
2565 >                                    rs[j = (m - 1) & h] == null) {
2566 >                                    rs[j] = r;
2567 >                                    created = true;
2568 >                                }
2569 >                            } finally {
2570 >                                cellsBusy = 0;
2571 >                            }
2572 >                            if (created)
2573 >                                break;
2574 >                            continue;           // Slot is now non-empty
2575                          }
2576                      }
2577 +                    collide = false;
2578                  }
2579 +                else if (!wasUncontended)       // CAS already known to fail
2580 +                    wasUncontended = true;      // Continue after rehash
2581 +                else if (U.compareAndSwapLong(a, CELLVALUE, v = a.value, v + x))
2582 +                    break;
2583 +                else if (counterCells != as || n >= NCPU)
2584 +                    collide = false;            // At max size or stale
2585 +                else if (!collide)
2586 +                    collide = true;
2587 +                else if (cellsBusy == 0 &&
2588 +                         U.compareAndSwapInt(this, CELLSBUSY, 0, 1)) {
2589 +                    try {
2590 +                        if (counterCells == as) {// Expand table unless stale
2591 +                            CounterCell[] rs = new CounterCell[n << 1];
2592 +                            for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
2593 +                                rs[i] = as[i];
2594 +                            counterCells = rs;
2595 +                        }
2596 +                    } finally {
2597 +                        cellsBusy = 0;
2598 +                    }
2599 +                    collide = false;
2600 +                    continue;                   // Retry with expanded table
2601 +                }
2602 +                h = ThreadLocalRandom.advanceProbe(h);
2603              }
2604 +            else if (cellsBusy == 0 && counterCells == as &&
2605 +                     U.compareAndSwapInt(this, CELLSBUSY, 0, 1)) {
2606 +                boolean init = false;
2607 +                try {                           // Initialize table
2608 +                    if (counterCells == as) {
2609 +                        CounterCell[] rs = new CounterCell[2];
2610 +                        rs[h & 1] = new CounterCell(x);
2611 +                        counterCells = rs;
2612 +                        init = true;
2613 +                    }
2614 +                } finally {
2615 +                    cellsBusy = 0;
2616 +                }
2617 +                if (init)
2618 +                    break;
2619 +            }
2620 +            else if (U.compareAndSwapLong(this, BASECOUNT, v = baseCount, v + x))
2621 +                break;                          // Fall back on using base
2622          }
2623 +    }
2624  
2625 <        public boolean hasNext() { return nextEntry != null; }
2625 >    /* ---------------- Conversion from/to TreeBins -------------- */
2626  
2627 <        HashEntry<K,V> nextEntry() {
2628 <            if (nextEntry == null)
2629 <                throw new NoSuchElementException();
2630 <            lastReturned = nextEntry;
2627 >    /**
2628 >     * Replaces all linked nodes in bin at given index unless table is
2629 >     * too small, in which case resizes instead.
2630 >     */
2631 >    private final void treeifyBin(Node<K,V>[] tab, int index) {
2632 >        Node<K,V> b; int n;
2633 >        if (tab != null) {
2634 >            if ((n = tab.length) < MIN_TREEIFY_CAPACITY)
2635 >                tryPresize(n << 1);
2636 >            else if ((b = tabAt(tab, index)) != null && b.hash >= 0) {
2637 >                synchronized (b) {
2638 >                    if (tabAt(tab, index) == b) {
2639 >                        TreeNode<K,V> hd = null, tl = null;
2640 >                        for (Node<K,V> e = b; e != null; e = e.next) {
2641 >                            TreeNode<K,V> p =
2642 >                                new TreeNode<K,V>(e.hash, e.key, e.val,
2643 >                                                  null, null);
2644 >                            if ((p.prev = tl) == null)
2645 >                                hd = p;
2646 >                            else
2647 >                                tl.next = p;
2648 >                            tl = p;
2649 >                        }
2650 >                        setTabAt(tab, index, new TreeBin<K,V>(hd));
2651 >                    }
2652 >                }
2653 >            }
2654 >        }
2655 >    }
2656 >
2657 >    /**
2658 >     * Returns a list on non-TreeNodes replacing those in given list.
2659 >     */
2660 >    static <K,V> Node<K,V> untreeify(Node<K,V> b) {
2661 >        Node<K,V> hd = null, tl = null;
2662 >        for (Node<K,V> q = b; q != null; q = q.next) {
2663 >            Node<K,V> p = new Node<K,V>(q.hash, q.key, q.val, null);
2664 >            if (tl == null)
2665 >                hd = p;
2666 >            else
2667 >                tl.next = p;
2668 >            tl = p;
2669 >        }
2670 >        return hd;
2671 >    }
2672 >
2673 >    /* ---------------- TreeNodes -------------- */
2674 >
2675 >    /**
2676 >     * Nodes for use in TreeBins
2677 >     */
2678 >    static final class TreeNode<K,V> extends Node<K,V> {
2679 >        TreeNode<K,V> parent;  // red-black tree links
2680 >        TreeNode<K,V> left;
2681 >        TreeNode<K,V> right;
2682 >        TreeNode<K,V> prev;    // needed to unlink next upon deletion
2683 >        boolean red;
2684 >
2685 >        TreeNode(int hash, K key, V val, Node<K,V> next,
2686 >                 TreeNode<K,V> parent) {
2687 >            super(hash, key, val, next);
2688 >            this.parent = parent;
2689 >        }
2690 >
2691 >        Node<K,V> find(int h, Object k) {
2692 >            return findTreeNode(h, k, null);
2693 >        }
2694 >
2695 >        /**
2696 >         * Returns the TreeNode (or null if not found) for the given key
2697 >         * starting at given root.
2698 >         */
2699 >        final TreeNode<K,V> findTreeNode(int h, Object k, Class<?> kc) {
2700 >            if (k != null) {
2701 >                TreeNode<K,V> p = this;
2702 >                do {
2703 >                    int ph, dir; K pk; TreeNode<K,V> q;
2704 >                    TreeNode<K,V> pl = p.left, pr = p.right;
2705 >                    if ((ph = p.hash) > h)
2706 >                        p = pl;
2707 >                    else if (ph < h)
2708 >                        p = pr;
2709 >                    else if ((pk = p.key) == k || (pk != null && k.equals(pk)))
2710 >                        return p;
2711 >                    else if (pl == null)
2712 >                        p = pr;
2713 >                    else if (pr == null)
2714 >                        p = pl;
2715 >                    else if ((kc != null ||
2716 >                              (kc = comparableClassFor(k)) != null) &&
2717 >                             (dir = compareComparables(kc, k, pk)) != 0)
2718 >                        p = (dir < 0) ? pl : pr;
2719 >                    else if ((q = pr.findTreeNode(h, k, kc)) != null)
2720 >                        return q;
2721 >                    else
2722 >                        p = pl;
2723 >                } while (p != null);
2724 >            }
2725 >            return null;
2726 >        }
2727 >    }
2728 >
2729 >    /* ---------------- TreeBins -------------- */
2730 >
2731 >    /**
2732 >     * TreeNodes used at the heads of bins. TreeBins do not hold user
2733 >     * keys or values, but instead point to list of TreeNodes and
2734 >     * their root. They also maintain a parasitic read-write lock
2735 >     * forcing writers (who hold bin lock) to wait for readers (who do
2736 >     * not) to complete before tree restructuring operations.
2737 >     */
2738 >    static final class TreeBin<K,V> extends Node<K,V> {
2739 >        TreeNode<K,V> root;
2740 >        volatile TreeNode<K,V> first;
2741 >        volatile Thread waiter;
2742 >        volatile int lockState;
2743 >        // values for lockState
2744 >        static final int WRITER = 1; // set while holding write lock
2745 >        static final int WAITER = 2; // set when waiting for write lock
2746 >        static final int READER = 4; // increment value for setting read lock
2747 >
2748 >        /**
2749 >         * Tie-breaking utility for ordering insertions when equal
2750 >         * hashCodes and non-comparable. We don't require a total
2751 >         * order, just a consistent insertion rule to maintain
2752 >         * equivalence across rebalancings. Tie-breaking further than
2753 >         * necessary simplifies testing a bit.
2754 >         */
2755 >        static int tieBreakOrder(Object a, Object b) {
2756 >            int d;
2757 >            if (a == null || b == null ||
2758 >                (d = a.getClass().getName().
2759 >                 compareTo(b.getClass().getName())) == 0)
2760 >                d = (System.identityHashCode(a) <= System.identityHashCode(b) ?
2761 >                     -1 : 1);
2762 >            return d;
2763 >        }
2764 >
2765 >        /**
2766 >         * Creates bin with initial set of nodes headed by b.
2767 >         */
2768 >        TreeBin(TreeNode<K,V> b) {
2769 >            super(TREEBIN, null, null, null);
2770 >            this.first = b;
2771 >            TreeNode<K,V> r = null;
2772 >            for (TreeNode<K,V> x = b, next; x != null; x = next) {
2773 >                next = (TreeNode<K,V>)x.next;
2774 >                x.left = x.right = null;
2775 >                if (r == null) {
2776 >                    x.parent = null;
2777 >                    x.red = false;
2778 >                    r = x;
2779 >                }
2780 >                else {
2781 >                    K k = x.key;
2782 >                    int h = x.hash;
2783 >                    Class<?> kc = null;
2784 >                    for (TreeNode<K,V> p = r;;) {
2785 >                        int dir, ph;
2786 >                        K pk = p.key;
2787 >                        if ((ph = p.hash) > h)
2788 >                            dir = -1;
2789 >                        else if (ph < h)
2790 >                            dir = 1;
2791 >                        else if ((kc == null &&
2792 >                                  (kc = comparableClassFor(k)) == null) ||
2793 >                                 (dir = compareComparables(kc, k, pk)) == 0)
2794 >                            dir = tieBreakOrder(k, pk);
2795 >                        TreeNode<K,V> xp = p;
2796 >                        if ((p = (dir <= 0) ? p.left : p.right) == null) {
2797 >                            x.parent = xp;
2798 >                            if (dir <= 0)
2799 >                                xp.left = x;
2800 >                            else
2801 >                                xp.right = x;
2802 >                            r = balanceInsertion(r, x);
2803 >                            break;
2804 >                        }
2805 >                    }
2806 >                }
2807 >            }
2808 >            this.root = r;
2809 >            assert checkInvariants(root);
2810 >        }
2811 >
2812 >        /**
2813 >         * Acquires write lock for tree restructuring.
2814 >         */
2815 >        private final void lockRoot() {
2816 >            if (!U.compareAndSwapInt(this, LOCKSTATE, 0, WRITER))
2817 >                contendedLock(); // offload to separate method
2818 >        }
2819 >
2820 >        /**
2821 >         * Releases write lock for tree restructuring.
2822 >         */
2823 >        private final void unlockRoot() {
2824 >            lockState = 0;
2825 >        }
2826 >
2827 >        /**
2828 >         * Possibly blocks awaiting root lock.
2829 >         */
2830 >        private final void contendedLock() {
2831 >            boolean waiting = false;
2832 >            for (int s;;) {
2833 >                if (((s = lockState) & ~WAITER) == 0) {
2834 >                    if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, LOCKSTATE, s, WRITER)) {
2835 >                        if (waiting)
2836 >                            waiter = null;
2837 >                        return;
2838 >                    }
2839 >                }
2840 >                else if ((s & WAITER) == 0) {
2841 >                    if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, LOCKSTATE, s, s | WAITER)) {
2842 >                        waiting = true;
2843 >                        waiter = Thread.currentThread();
2844 >                    }
2845 >                }
2846 >                else if (waiting)
2847 >                    LockSupport.park(this);
2848 >            }
2849 >        }
2850 >
2851 >        /**
2852 >         * Returns matching node or null if none. Tries to search
2853 >         * using tree comparisons from root, but continues linear
2854 >         * search when lock not available.
2855 >         */
2856 >        final Node<K,V> find(int h, Object k) {
2857 >            if (k != null) {
2858 >                for (Node<K,V> e = first; e != null; ) {
2859 >                    int s; K ek;
2860 >                    if (((s = lockState) & (WAITER|WRITER)) != 0) {
2861 >                        if (e.hash == h &&
2862 >                            ((ek = e.key) == k || (ek != null && k.equals(ek))))
2863 >                            return e;
2864 >                        e = e.next;
2865 >                    }
2866 >                    else if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, LOCKSTATE, s,
2867 >                                                 s + READER)) {
2868 >                        TreeNode<K,V> r, p;
2869 >                        try {
2870 >                            p = ((r = root) == null ? null :
2871 >                                 r.findTreeNode(h, k, null));
2872 >                        } finally {
2873 >                            Thread w;
2874 >                            if (U.getAndAddInt(this, LOCKSTATE, -READER) ==
2875 >                                (READER|WAITER) && (w = waiter) != null)
2876 >                                LockSupport.unpark(w);
2877 >                        }
2878 >                        return p;
2879 >                    }
2880 >                }
2881 >            }
2882 >            return null;
2883 >        }
2884 >
2885 >        /**
2886 >         * Finds or adds a node.
2887 >         * @return null if added
2888 >         */
2889 >        final TreeNode<K,V> putTreeVal(int h, K k, V v) {
2890 >            Class<?> kc = null;
2891 >            boolean searched = false;
2892 >            for (TreeNode<K,V> p = root;;) {
2893 >                int dir, ph; K pk;
2894 >                if (p == null) {
2895 >                    first = root = new TreeNode<K,V>(h, k, v, null, null);
2896 >                    break;
2897 >                }
2898 >                else if ((ph = p.hash) > h)
2899 >                    dir = -1;
2900 >                else if (ph < h)
2901 >                    dir = 1;
2902 >                else if ((pk = p.key) == k || (pk != null && k.equals(pk)))
2903 >                    return p;
2904 >                else if ((kc == null &&
2905 >                          (kc = comparableClassFor(k)) == null) ||
2906 >                         (dir = compareComparables(kc, k, pk)) == 0) {
2907 >                    if (!searched) {
2908 >                        TreeNode<K,V> q, ch;
2909 >                        searched = true;
2910 >                        if (((ch = p.left) != null &&
2911 >                             (q = ch.findTreeNode(h, k, kc)) != null) ||
2912 >                            ((ch = p.right) != null &&
2913 >                             (q = ch.findTreeNode(h, k, kc)) != null))
2914 >                            return q;
2915 >                    }
2916 >                    dir = tieBreakOrder(k, pk);
2917 >                }
2918 >
2919 >                TreeNode<K,V> xp = p;
2920 >                if ((p = (dir <= 0) ? p.left : p.right) == null) {
2921 >                    TreeNode<K,V> x, f = first;
2922 >                    first = x = new TreeNode<K,V>(h, k, v, f, xp);
2923 >                    if (f != null)
2924 >                        f.prev = x;
2925 >                    if (dir <= 0)
2926 >                        xp.left = x;
2927 >                    else
2928 >                        xp.right = x;
2929 >                    if (!xp.red)
2930 >                        x.red = true;
2931 >                    else {
2932 >                        lockRoot();
2933 >                        try {
2934 >                            root = balanceInsertion(root, x);
2935 >                        } finally {
2936 >                            unlockRoot();
2937 >                        }
2938 >                    }
2939 >                    break;
2940 >                }
2941 >            }
2942 >            assert checkInvariants(root);
2943 >            return null;
2944 >        }
2945 >
2946 >        /**
2947 >         * Removes the given node, that must be present before this
2948 >         * call.  This is messier than typical red-black deletion code
2949 >         * because we cannot swap the contents of an interior node
2950 >         * with a leaf successor that is pinned by "next" pointers
2951 >         * that are accessible independently of lock. So instead we
2952 >         * swap the tree linkages.
2953 >         *
2954 >         * @return true if now too small, so should be untreeified
2955 >         */
2956 >        final boolean removeTreeNode(TreeNode<K,V> p) {
2957 >            TreeNode<K,V> next = (TreeNode<K,V>)p.next;
2958 >            TreeNode<K,V> pred = p.prev;  // unlink traversal pointers
2959 >            TreeNode<K,V> r, rl;
2960 >            if (pred == null)
2961 >                first = next;
2962 >            else
2963 >                pred.next = next;
2964 >            if (next != null)
2965 >                next.prev = pred;
2966 >            if (first == null) {
2967 >                root = null;
2968 >                return true;
2969 >            }
2970 >            if ((r = root) == null || r.right == null || // too small
2971 >                (rl = r.left) == null || rl.left == null)
2972 >                return true;
2973 >            lockRoot();
2974 >            try {
2975 >                TreeNode<K,V> replacement;
2976 >                TreeNode<K,V> pl = p.left;
2977 >                TreeNode<K,V> pr = p.right;
2978 >                if (pl != null && pr != null) {
2979 >                    TreeNode<K,V> s = pr, sl;
2980 >                    while ((sl = s.left) != null) // find successor
2981 >                        s = sl;
2982 >                    boolean c = s.red; s.red = p.red; p.red = c; // swap colors
2983 >                    TreeNode<K,V> sr = s.right;
2984 >                    TreeNode<K,V> pp = p.parent;
2985 >                    if (s == pr) { // p was s's direct parent
2986 >                        p.parent = s;
2987 >                        s.right = p;
2988 >                    }
2989 >                    else {
2990 >                        TreeNode<K,V> sp = s.parent;
2991 >                        if ((p.parent = sp) != null) {
2992 >                            if (s == sp.left)
2993 >                                sp.left = p;
2994 >                            else
2995 >                                sp.right = p;
2996 >                        }
2997 >                        if ((s.right = pr) != null)
2998 >                            pr.parent = s;
2999 >                    }
3000 >                    p.left = null;
3001 >                    if ((p.right = sr) != null)
3002 >                        sr.parent = p;
3003 >                    if ((s.left = pl) != null)
3004 >                        pl.parent = s;
3005 >                    if ((s.parent = pp) == null)
3006 >                        r = s;
3007 >                    else if (p == pp.left)
3008 >                        pp.left = s;
3009 >                    else
3010 >                        pp.right = s;
3011 >                    if (sr != null)
3012 >                        replacement = sr;
3013 >                    else
3014 >                        replacement = p;
3015 >                }
3016 >                else if (pl != null)
3017 >                    replacement = pl;
3018 >                else if (pr != null)
3019 >                    replacement = pr;
3020 >                else
3021 >                    replacement = p;
3022 >                if (replacement != p) {
3023 >                    TreeNode<K,V> pp = replacement.parent = p.parent;
3024 >                    if (pp == null)
3025 >                        r = replacement;
3026 >                    else if (p == pp.left)
3027 >                        pp.left = replacement;
3028 >                    else
3029 >                        pp.right = replacement;
3030 >                    p.left = p.right = p.parent = null;
3031 >                }
3032 >
3033 >                root = (p.red) ? r : balanceDeletion(r, replacement);
3034 >
3035 >                if (p == replacement) {  // detach pointers
3036 >                    TreeNode<K,V> pp;
3037 >                    if ((pp = p.parent) != null) {
3038 >                        if (p == pp.left)
3039 >                            pp.left = null;
3040 >                        else if (p == pp.right)
3041 >                            pp.right = null;
3042 >                        p.parent = null;
3043 >                    }
3044 >                }
3045 >            } finally {
3046 >                unlockRoot();
3047 >            }
3048 >            assert checkInvariants(root);
3049 >            return false;
3050 >        }
3051 >
3052 >        /* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
3053 >        // Red-black tree methods, all adapted from CLR
3054 >
3055 >        static <K,V> TreeNode<K,V> rotateLeft(TreeNode<K,V> root,
3056 >                                              TreeNode<K,V> p) {
3057 >            TreeNode<K,V> r, pp, rl;
3058 >            if (p != null && (r = p.right) != null) {
3059 >                if ((rl = p.right = r.left) != null)
3060 >                    rl.parent = p;
3061 >                if ((pp = r.parent = p.parent) == null)
3062 >                    (root = r).red = false;
3063 >                else if (pp.left == p)
3064 >                    pp.left = r;
3065 >                else
3066 >                    pp.right = r;
3067 >                r.left = p;
3068 >                p.parent = r;
3069 >            }
3070 >            return root;
3071 >        }
3072 >
3073 >        static <K,V> TreeNode<K,V> rotateRight(TreeNode<K,V> root,
3074 >                                               TreeNode<K,V> p) {
3075 >            TreeNode<K,V> l, pp, lr;
3076 >            if (p != null && (l = p.left) != null) {
3077 >                if ((lr = p.left = l.right) != null)
3078 >                    lr.parent = p;
3079 >                if ((pp = l.parent = p.parent) == null)
3080 >                    (root = l).red = false;
3081 >                else if (pp.right == p)
3082 >                    pp.right = l;
3083 >                else
3084 >                    pp.left = l;
3085 >                l.right = p;
3086 >                p.parent = l;
3087 >            }
3088 >            return root;
3089 >        }
3090 >
3091 >        static <K,V> TreeNode<K,V> balanceInsertion(TreeNode<K,V> root,
3092 >                                                    TreeNode<K,V> x) {
3093 >            x.red = true;
3094 >            for (TreeNode<K,V> xp, xpp, xppl, xppr;;) {
3095 >                if ((xp = x.parent) == null) {
3096 >                    x.red = false;
3097 >                    return x;
3098 >                }
3099 >                else if (!xp.red || (xpp = xp.parent) == null)
3100 >                    return root;
3101 >                if (xp == (xppl = xpp.left)) {
3102 >                    if ((xppr = xpp.right) != null && xppr.red) {
3103 >                        xppr.red = false;
3104 >                        xp.red = false;
3105 >                        xpp.red = true;
3106 >                        x = xpp;
3107 >                    }
3108 >                    else {
3109 >                        if (x == xp.right) {
3110 >                            root = rotateLeft(root, x = xp);
3111 >                            xpp = (xp = x.parent) == null ? null : xp.parent;
3112 >                        }
3113 >                        if (xp != null) {
3114 >                            xp.red = false;
3115 >                            if (xpp != null) {
3116 >                                xpp.red = true;
3117 >                                root = rotateRight(root, xpp);
3118 >                            }
3119 >                        }
3120 >                    }
3121 >                }
3122 >                else {
3123 >                    if (xppl != null && xppl.red) {
3124 >                        xppl.red = false;
3125 >                        xp.red = false;
3126 >                        xpp.red = true;
3127 >                        x = xpp;
3128 >                    }
3129 >                    else {
3130 >                        if (x == xp.left) {
3131 >                            root = rotateRight(root, x = xp);
3132 >                            xpp = (xp = x.parent) == null ? null : xp.parent;
3133 >                        }
3134 >                        if (xp != null) {
3135 >                            xp.red = false;
3136 >                            if (xpp != null) {
3137 >                                xpp.red = true;
3138 >                                root = rotateLeft(root, xpp);
3139 >                            }
3140 >                        }
3141 >                    }
3142 >                }
3143 >            }
3144 >        }
3145 >
3146 >        static <K,V> TreeNode<K,V> balanceDeletion(TreeNode<K,V> root,
3147 >                                                   TreeNode<K,V> x) {
3148 >            for (TreeNode<K,V> xp, xpl, xpr;;) {
3149 >                if (x == null || x == root)
3150 >                    return root;
3151 >                else if ((xp = x.parent) == null) {
3152 >                    x.red = false;
3153 >                    return x;
3154 >                }
3155 >                else if (x.red) {
3156 >                    x.red = false;
3157 >                    return root;
3158 >                }
3159 >                else if ((xpl = xp.left) == x) {
3160 >                    if ((xpr = xp.right) != null && xpr.red) {
3161 >                        xpr.red = false;
3162 >                        xp.red = true;
3163 >                        root = rotateLeft(root, xp);
3164 >                        xpr = (xp = x.parent) == null ? null : xp.right;
3165 >                    }
3166 >                    if (xpr == null)
3167 >                        x = xp;
3168 >                    else {
3169 >                        TreeNode<K,V> sl = xpr.left, sr = xpr.right;
3170 >                        if ((sr == null || !sr.red) &&
3171 >                            (sl == null || !sl.red)) {
3172 >                            xpr.red = true;
3173 >                            x = xp;
3174 >                        }
3175 >                        else {
3176 >                            if (sr == null || !sr.red) {
3177 >                                if (sl != null)
3178 >                                    sl.red = false;
3179 >                                xpr.red = true;
3180 >                                root = rotateRight(root, xpr);
3181 >                                xpr = (xp = x.parent) == null ?
3182 >                                    null : xp.right;
3183 >                            }
3184 >                            if (xpr != null) {
3185 >                                xpr.red = (xp == null) ? false : xp.red;
3186 >                                if ((sr = xpr.right) != null)
3187 >                                    sr.red = false;
3188 >                            }
3189 >                            if (xp != null) {
3190 >                                xp.red = false;
3191 >                                root = rotateLeft(root, xp);
3192 >                            }
3193 >                            x = root;
3194 >                        }
3195 >                    }
3196 >                }
3197 >                else { // symmetric
3198 >                    if (xpl != null && xpl.red) {
3199 >                        xpl.red = false;
3200 >                        xp.red = true;
3201 >                        root = rotateRight(root, xp);
3202 >                        xpl = (xp = x.parent) == null ? null : xp.left;
3203 >                    }
3204 >                    if (xpl == null)
3205 >                        x = xp;
3206 >                    else {
3207 >                        TreeNode<K,V> sl = xpl.left, sr = xpl.right;
3208 >                        if ((sl == null || !sl.red) &&
3209 >                            (sr == null || !sr.red)) {
3210 >                            xpl.red = true;
3211 >                            x = xp;
3212 >                        }
3213 >                        else {
3214 >                            if (sl == null || !sl.red) {
3215 >                                if (sr != null)
3216 >                                    sr.red = false;
3217 >                                xpl.red = true;
3218 >                                root = rotateLeft(root, xpl);
3219 >                                xpl = (xp = x.parent) == null ?
3220 >                                    null : xp.left;
3221 >                            }
3222 >                            if (xpl != null) {
3223 >                                xpl.red = (xp == null) ? false : xp.red;
3224 >                                if ((sl = xpl.left) != null)
3225 >                                    sl.red = false;
3226 >                            }
3227 >                            if (xp != null) {
3228 >                                xp.red = false;
3229 >                                root = rotateRight(root, xp);
3230 >                            }
3231 >                            x = root;
3232 >                        }
3233 >                    }
3234 >                }
3235 >            }
3236 >        }
3237 >
3238 >        /**
3239 >         * Recursive invariant check
3240 >         */
3241 >        static <K,V> boolean checkInvariants(TreeNode<K,V> t) {
3242 >            TreeNode<K,V> tp = t.parent, tl = t.left, tr = t.right,
3243 >                tb = t.prev, tn = (TreeNode<K,V>)t.next;
3244 >            if (tb != null && tb.next != t)
3245 >                return false;
3246 >            if (tn != null && tn.prev != t)
3247 >                return false;
3248 >            if (tp != null && t != tp.left && t != tp.right)
3249 >                return false;
3250 >            if (tl != null && (tl.parent != t || tl.hash > t.hash))
3251 >                return false;
3252 >            if (tr != null && (tr.parent != t || tr.hash < t.hash))
3253 >                return false;
3254 >            if (t.red && tl != null && tl.red && tr != null && tr.red)
3255 >                return false;
3256 >            if (tl != null && !checkInvariants(tl))
3257 >                return false;
3258 >            if (tr != null && !checkInvariants(tr))
3259 >                return false;
3260 >            return true;
3261 >        }
3262 >
3263 >        private static final sun.misc.Unsafe U = sun.misc.Unsafe.getUnsafe();
3264 >        private static final long LOCKSTATE;
3265 >        static {
3266 >            try {
3267 >                LOCKSTATE = U.objectFieldOffset
3268 >                    (TreeBin.class.getDeclaredField("lockState"));
3269 >            } catch (ReflectiveOperationException e) {
3270 >                throw new Error(e);
3271 >            }
3272 >        }
3273 >    }
3274 >
3275 >    /* ----------------Table Traversal -------------- */
3276 >
3277 >    /**
3278 >     * Records the table, its length, and current traversal index for a
3279 >     * traverser that must process a region of a forwarded table before
3280 >     * proceeding with current table.
3281 >     */
3282 >    static final class TableStack<K,V> {
3283 >        int length;
3284 >        int index;
3285 >        Node<K,V>[] tab;
3286 >        TableStack<K,V> next;
3287 >    }
3288 >
3289 >    /**
3290 >     * Encapsulates traversal for methods such as containsValue; also
3291 >     * serves as a base class for other iterators and spliterators.
3292 >     *
3293 >     * Method advance visits once each still-valid node that was
3294 >     * reachable upon iterator construction. It might miss some that
3295 >     * were added to a bin after the bin was visited, which is OK wrt
3296 >     * consistency guarantees. Maintaining this property in the face
3297 >     * of possible ongoing resizes requires a fair amount of
3298 >     * bookkeeping state that is difficult to optimize away amidst
3299 >     * volatile accesses.  Even so, traversal maintains reasonable
3300 >     * throughput.
3301 >     *
3302 >     * Normally, iteration proceeds bin-by-bin traversing lists.
3303 >     * However, if the table has been resized, then all future steps
3304 >     * must traverse both the bin at the current index as well as at
3305 >     * (index + baseSize); and so on for further resizings. To
3306 >     * paranoically cope with potential sharing by users of iterators
3307 >     * across threads, iteration terminates if a bounds checks fails
3308 >     * for a table read.
3309 >     */
3310 >    static class Traverser<K,V> {
3311 >        Node<K,V>[] tab;        // current table; updated if resized
3312 >        Node<K,V> next;         // the next entry to use
3313 >        TableStack<K,V> stack, spare; // to save/restore on ForwardingNodes
3314 >        int index;              // index of bin to use next
3315 >        int baseIndex;          // current index of initial table
3316 >        int baseLimit;          // index bound for initial table
3317 >        final int baseSize;     // initial table size
3318 >
3319 >        Traverser(Node<K,V>[] tab, int size, int index, int limit) {
3320 >            this.tab = tab;
3321 >            this.baseSize = size;
3322 >            this.baseIndex = this.index = index;
3323 >            this.baseLimit = limit;
3324 >            this.next = null;
3325 >        }
3326 >
3327 >        /**
3328 >         * Advances if possible, returning next valid node, or null if none.
3329 >         */
3330 >        final Node<K,V> advance() {
3331 >            Node<K,V> e;
3332 >            if ((e = next) != null)
3333 >                e = e.next;
3334 >            for (;;) {
3335 >                Node<K,V>[] t; int i, n;  // must use locals in checks
3336 >                if (e != null)
3337 >                    return next = e;
3338 >                if (baseIndex >= baseLimit || (t = tab) == null ||
3339 >                    (n = t.length) <= (i = index) || i < 0)
3340 >                    return next = null;
3341 >                if ((e = tabAt(t, i)) != null && e.hash < 0) {
3342 >                    if (e instanceof ForwardingNode) {
3343 >                        tab = ((ForwardingNode<K,V>)e).nextTable;
3344 >                        e = null;
3345 >                        pushState(t, i, n);
3346 >                        continue;
3347 >                    }
3348 >                    else if (e instanceof TreeBin)
3349 >                        e = ((TreeBin<K,V>)e).first;
3350 >                    else
3351 >                        e = null;
3352 >                }
3353 >                if (stack != null)
3354 >                    recoverState(n);
3355 >                else if ((index = i + baseSize) >= n)
3356 >                    index = ++baseIndex; // visit upper slots if present
3357 >            }
3358 >        }
3359 >
3360 >        /**
3361 >         * Saves traversal state upon encountering a forwarding node.
3362 >         */
3363 >        private void pushState(Node<K,V>[] t, int i, int n) {
3364 >            TableStack<K,V> s = spare;  // reuse if possible
3365 >            if (s != null)
3366 >                spare = s.next;
3367 >            else
3368 >                s = new TableStack<K,V>();
3369 >            s.tab = t;
3370 >            s.length = n;
3371 >            s.index = i;
3372 >            s.next = stack;
3373 >            stack = s;
3374 >        }
3375 >
3376 >        /**
3377 >         * Possibly pops traversal state.
3378 >         *
3379 >         * @param n length of current table
3380 >         */
3381 >        private void recoverState(int n) {
3382 >            TableStack<K,V> s; int len;
3383 >            while ((s = stack) != null && (index += (len = s.length)) >= n) {
3384 >                n = len;
3385 >                index = s.index;
3386 >                tab = s.tab;
3387 >                s.tab = null;
3388 >                TableStack<K,V> next = s.next;
3389 >                s.next = spare; // save for reuse
3390 >                stack = next;
3391 >                spare = s;
3392 >            }
3393 >            if (s == null && (index += baseSize) >= n)
3394 >                index = ++baseIndex;
3395 >        }
3396 >    }
3397 >
3398 >    /**
3399 >     * Base of key, value, and entry Iterators. Adds fields to
3400 >     * Traverser to support iterator.remove.
3401 >     */
3402 >    static class BaseIterator<K,V> extends Traverser<K,V> {
3403 >        final ConcurrentHashMap<K,V> map;
3404 >        Node<K,V> lastReturned;
3405 >        BaseIterator(Node<K,V>[] tab, int size, int index, int limit,
3406 >                    ConcurrentHashMap<K,V> map) {
3407 >            super(tab, size, index, limit);
3408 >            this.map = map;
3409              advance();
1098            return lastReturned;
3410          }
3411  
3412 <        public void remove() {
3413 <            if (lastReturned == null)
3412 >        public final boolean hasNext() { return next != null; }
3413 >        public final boolean hasMoreElements() { return next != null; }
3414 >
3415 >        public final void remove() {
3416 >            Node<K,V> p;
3417 >            if ((p = lastReturned) == null)
3418                  throw new IllegalStateException();
1104            ConcurrentHashMap.this.remove(lastReturned.key);
3419              lastReturned = null;
3420 +            map.replaceNode(p.key, null, null);
3421          }
3422      }
3423  
3424 <    final class KeyIterator
3425 <        extends HashIterator
3426 <        implements Iterator<K>, Enumeration<K>
3427 <    {
3428 <        public K next()        { return super.nextEntry().key; }
3429 <        public K nextElement() { return super.nextEntry().key; }
3424 >    static final class KeyIterator<K,V> extends BaseIterator<K,V>
3425 >        implements Iterator<K>, Enumeration<K> {
3426 >        KeyIterator(Node<K,V>[] tab, int index, int size, int limit,
3427 >                    ConcurrentHashMap<K,V> map) {
3428 >            super(tab, index, size, limit, map);
3429 >        }
3430 >
3431 >        public final K next() {
3432 >            Node<K,V> p;
3433 >            if ((p = next) == null)
3434 >                throw new NoSuchElementException();
3435 >            K k = p.key;
3436 >            lastReturned = p;
3437 >            advance();
3438 >            return k;
3439 >        }
3440 >
3441 >        public final K nextElement() { return next(); }
3442 >    }
3443 >
3444 >    static final class ValueIterator<K,V> extends BaseIterator<K,V>
3445 >        implements Iterator<V>, Enumeration<V> {
3446 >        ValueIterator(Node<K,V>[] tab, int index, int size, int limit,
3447 >                      ConcurrentHashMap<K,V> map) {
3448 >            super(tab, index, size, limit, map);
3449 >        }
3450 >
3451 >        public final V next() {
3452 >            Node<K,V> p;
3453 >            if ((p = next) == null)
3454 >                throw new NoSuchElementException();
3455 >            V v = p.val;
3456 >            lastReturned = p;
3457 >            advance();
3458 >            return v;
3459 >        }
3460 >
3461 >        public final V nextElement() { return next(); }
3462      }
3463  
3464 <    final class ValueIterator
3465 <        extends HashIterator
3466 <        implements Iterator<V>, Enumeration<V>
3467 <    {
3468 <        public V next()        { return super.nextEntry().value; }
3469 <        public V nextElement() { return super.nextEntry().value; }
3464 >    static final class EntryIterator<K,V> extends BaseIterator<K,V>
3465 >        implements Iterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> {
3466 >        EntryIterator(Node<K,V>[] tab, int index, int size, int limit,
3467 >                      ConcurrentHashMap<K,V> map) {
3468 >            super(tab, index, size, limit, map);
3469 >        }
3470 >
3471 >        public final Map.Entry<K,V> next() {
3472 >            Node<K,V> p;
3473 >            if ((p = next) == null)
3474 >                throw new NoSuchElementException();
3475 >            K k = p.key;
3476 >            V v = p.val;
3477 >            lastReturned = p;
3478 >            advance();
3479 >            return new MapEntry<K,V>(k, v, map);
3480 >        }
3481      }
3482  
3483      /**
3484 <     * Custom Entry class used by EntryIterator.next(), that relays
1127 <     * setValue changes to the underlying map.
3484 >     * Exported Entry for EntryIterator
3485       */
3486 <    final class WriteThroughEntry
3487 <        extends AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<K,V>
3488 <    {
3489 <        WriteThroughEntry(K k, V v) {
3490 <            super(k,v);
3486 >    static final class MapEntry<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> {
3487 >        final K key; // non-null
3488 >        V val;       // non-null
3489 >        final ConcurrentHashMap<K,V> map;
3490 >        MapEntry(K key, V val, ConcurrentHashMap<K,V> map) {
3491 >            this.key = key;
3492 >            this.val = val;
3493 >            this.map = map;
3494 >        }
3495 >        public K getKey()        { return key; }
3496 >        public V getValue()      { return val; }
3497 >        public int hashCode()    { return key.hashCode() ^ val.hashCode(); }
3498 >        public String toString() {
3499 >            return Helpers.mapEntryToString(key, val);
3500 >        }
3501 >
3502 >        public boolean equals(Object o) {
3503 >            Object k, v; Map.Entry<?,?> e;
3504 >            return ((o instanceof Map.Entry) &&
3505 >                    (k = (e = (Map.Entry<?,?>)o).getKey()) != null &&
3506 >                    (v = e.getValue()) != null &&
3507 >                    (k == key || k.equals(key)) &&
3508 >                    (v == val || v.equals(val)));
3509          }
3510  
3511          /**
3512 <         * Set our entry's value and write through to the map. The
3513 <         * value to return is somewhat arbitrary here. Since a
3514 <         * WriteThroughEntry does not necessarily track asynchronous
3515 <         * changes, the most recent "previous" value could be
3516 <         * different from what we return (or could even have been
3517 <         * removed in which case the put will re-establish). We do not
1143 <         * and cannot guarantee more.
3512 >         * Sets our entry's value and writes through to the map. The
3513 >         * value to return is somewhat arbitrary here. Since we do not
3514 >         * necessarily track asynchronous changes, the most recent
3515 >         * "previous" value could be different from what we return (or
3516 >         * could even have been removed, in which case the put will
3517 >         * re-establish). We do not and cannot guarantee more.
3518           */
3519 <        public V setValue(V value) {
3519 >        public V setValue(V value) {
3520              if (value == null) throw new NullPointerException();
3521 <            V v = super.setValue(value);
3522 <            ConcurrentHashMap.this.put(getKey(), value);
3521 >            V v = val;
3522 >            val = value;
3523 >            map.put(key, value);
3524              return v;
3525          }
3526      }
3527  
3528 <    final class EntryIterator
3529 <        extends HashIterator
3530 <        implements Iterator<Entry<K,V>>
3531 <    {
3532 <        public Map.Entry<K,V> next() {
3533 <            HashEntry<K,V> e = super.nextEntry();
3534 <            return new WriteThroughEntry(e.key, e.value);
3528 >    static final class KeySpliterator<K,V> extends Traverser<K,V>
3529 >        implements Spliterator<K> {
3530 >        long est;               // size estimate
3531 >        KeySpliterator(Node<K,V>[] tab, int size, int index, int limit,
3532 >                       long est) {
3533 >            super(tab, size, index, limit);
3534 >            this.est = est;
3535 >        }
3536 >
3537 >        public Spliterator<K> trySplit() {
3538 >            int i, f, h;
3539 >            return (h = ((i = baseIndex) + (f = baseLimit)) >>> 1) <= i ? null :
3540 >                new KeySpliterator<K,V>(tab, baseSize, baseLimit = h,
3541 >                                        f, est >>>= 1);
3542 >        }
3543 >
3544 >        public void forEachRemaining(Consumer<? super K> action) {
3545 >            if (action == null) throw new NullPointerException();
3546 >            for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null;)
3547 >                action.accept(p.key);
3548 >        }
3549 >
3550 >        public boolean tryAdvance(Consumer<? super K> action) {
3551 >            if (action == null) throw new NullPointerException();
3552 >            Node<K,V> p;
3553 >            if ((p = advance()) == null)
3554 >                return false;
3555 >            action.accept(p.key);
3556 >            return true;
3557 >        }
3558 >
3559 >        public long estimateSize() { return est; }
3560 >
3561 >        public int characteristics() {
3562 >            return Spliterator.DISTINCT | Spliterator.CONCURRENT |
3563 >                Spliterator.NONNULL;
3564          }
3565      }
3566  
3567 <    final class KeySet extends AbstractSet<K> {
3568 <        public Iterator<K> iterator() {
3569 <            return new KeyIterator();
3567 >    static final class ValueSpliterator<K,V> extends Traverser<K,V>
3568 >        implements Spliterator<V> {
3569 >        long est;               // size estimate
3570 >        ValueSpliterator(Node<K,V>[] tab, int size, int index, int limit,
3571 >                         long est) {
3572 >            super(tab, size, index, limit);
3573 >            this.est = est;
3574 >        }
3575 >
3576 >        public Spliterator<V> trySplit() {
3577 >            int i, f, h;
3578 >            return (h = ((i = baseIndex) + (f = baseLimit)) >>> 1) <= i ? null :
3579 >                new ValueSpliterator<K,V>(tab, baseSize, baseLimit = h,
3580 >                                          f, est >>>= 1);
3581 >        }
3582 >
3583 >        public void forEachRemaining(Consumer<? super V> action) {
3584 >            if (action == null) throw new NullPointerException();
3585 >            for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null;)
3586 >                action.accept(p.val);
3587 >        }
3588 >
3589 >        public boolean tryAdvance(Consumer<? super V> action) {
3590 >            if (action == null) throw new NullPointerException();
3591 >            Node<K,V> p;
3592 >            if ((p = advance()) == null)
3593 >                return false;
3594 >            action.accept(p.val);
3595 >            return true;
3596          }
3597 <        public int size() {
3598 <            return ConcurrentHashMap.this.size();
3597 >
3598 >        public long estimateSize() { return est; }
3599 >
3600 >        public int characteristics() {
3601 >            return Spliterator.CONCURRENT | Spliterator.NONNULL;
3602          }
3603 <        public boolean contains(Object o) {
3604 <            return ConcurrentHashMap.this.containsKey(o);
3603 >    }
3604 >
3605 >    static final class EntrySpliterator<K,V> extends Traverser<K,V>
3606 >        implements Spliterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> {
3607 >        final ConcurrentHashMap<K,V> map; // To export MapEntry
3608 >        long est;               // size estimate
3609 >        EntrySpliterator(Node<K,V>[] tab, int size, int index, int limit,
3610 >                         long est, ConcurrentHashMap<K,V> map) {
3611 >            super(tab, size, index, limit);
3612 >            this.map = map;
3613 >            this.est = est;
3614 >        }
3615 >
3616 >        public Spliterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> trySplit() {
3617 >            int i, f, h;
3618 >            return (h = ((i = baseIndex) + (f = baseLimit)) >>> 1) <= i ? null :
3619 >                new EntrySpliterator<K,V>(tab, baseSize, baseLimit = h,
3620 >                                          f, est >>>= 1, map);
3621 >        }
3622 >
3623 >        public void forEachRemaining(Consumer<? super Map.Entry<K,V>> action) {
3624 >            if (action == null) throw new NullPointerException();
3625 >            for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null; )
3626 >                action.accept(new MapEntry<K,V>(p.key, p.val, map));
3627 >        }
3628 >
3629 >        public boolean tryAdvance(Consumer<? super Map.Entry<K,V>> action) {
3630 >            if (action == null) throw new NullPointerException();
3631 >            Node<K,V> p;
3632 >            if ((p = advance()) == null)
3633 >                return false;
3634 >            action.accept(new MapEntry<K,V>(p.key, p.val, map));
3635 >            return true;
3636          }
3637 <        public boolean remove(Object o) {
3638 <            return ConcurrentHashMap.this.remove(o) != null;
3637 >
3638 >        public long estimateSize() { return est; }
3639 >
3640 >        public int characteristics() {
3641 >            return Spliterator.DISTINCT | Spliterator.CONCURRENT |
3642 >                Spliterator.NONNULL;
3643 >        }
3644 >    }
3645 >
3646 >    // Parallel bulk operations
3647 >
3648 >    /**
3649 >     * Computes initial batch value for bulk tasks. The returned value
3650 >     * is approximately exp2 of the number of times (minus one) to
3651 >     * split task by two before executing leaf action. This value is
3652 >     * faster to compute and more convenient to use as a guide to
3653 >     * splitting than is the depth, since it is used while dividing by
3654 >     * two anyway.
3655 >     */
3656 >    final int batchFor(long b) {
3657 >        long n;
3658 >        if (b == Long.MAX_VALUE || (n = sumCount()) <= 1L || n < b)
3659 >            return 0;
3660 >        int sp = ForkJoinPool.getCommonPoolParallelism() << 2; // slack of 4
3661 >        return (b <= 0L || (n /= b) >= sp) ? sp : (int)n;
3662 >    }
3663 >
3664 >    /**
3665 >     * Performs the given action for each (key, value).
3666 >     *
3667 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
3668 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
3669 >     * @param action the action
3670 >     * @since 1.8
3671 >     */
3672 >    public void forEach(long parallelismThreshold,
3673 >                        BiConsumer<? super K,? super V> action) {
3674 >        if (action == null) throw new NullPointerException();
3675 >        new ForEachMappingTask<K,V>
3676 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
3677 >             action).invoke();
3678 >    }
3679 >
3680 >    /**
3681 >     * Performs the given action for each non-null transformation
3682 >     * of each (key, value).
3683 >     *
3684 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
3685 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
3686 >     * @param transformer a function returning the transformation
3687 >     * for an element, or null if there is no transformation (in
3688 >     * which case the action is not applied)
3689 >     * @param action the action
3690 >     * @param <U> the return type of the transformer
3691 >     * @since 1.8
3692 >     */
3693 >    public <U> void forEach(long parallelismThreshold,
3694 >                            BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends U> transformer,
3695 >                            Consumer<? super U> action) {
3696 >        if (transformer == null || action == null)
3697 >            throw new NullPointerException();
3698 >        new ForEachTransformedMappingTask<K,V,U>
3699 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
3700 >             transformer, action).invoke();
3701 >    }
3702 >
3703 >    /**
3704 >     * Returns a non-null result from applying the given search
3705 >     * function on each (key, value), or null if none.  Upon
3706 >     * success, further element processing is suppressed and the
3707 >     * results of any other parallel invocations of the search
3708 >     * function are ignored.
3709 >     *
3710 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
3711 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
3712 >     * @param searchFunction a function returning a non-null
3713 >     * result on success, else null
3714 >     * @param <U> the return type of the search function
3715 >     * @return a non-null result from applying the given search
3716 >     * function on each (key, value), or null if none
3717 >     * @since 1.8
3718 >     */
3719 >    public <U> U search(long parallelismThreshold,
3720 >                        BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends U> searchFunction) {
3721 >        if (searchFunction == null) throw new NullPointerException();
3722 >        return new SearchMappingsTask<K,V,U>
3723 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
3724 >             searchFunction, new AtomicReference<U>()).invoke();
3725 >    }
3726 >
3727 >    /**
3728 >     * Returns the result of accumulating the given transformation
3729 >     * of all (key, value) pairs using the given reducer to
3730 >     * combine values, or null if none.
3731 >     *
3732 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
3733 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
3734 >     * @param transformer a function returning the transformation
3735 >     * for an element, or null if there is no transformation (in
3736 >     * which case it is not combined)
3737 >     * @param reducer a commutative associative combining function
3738 >     * @param <U> the return type of the transformer
3739 >     * @return the result of accumulating the given transformation
3740 >     * of all (key, value) pairs
3741 >     * @since 1.8
3742 >     */
3743 >    public <U> U reduce(long parallelismThreshold,
3744 >                        BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends U> transformer,
3745 >                        BiFunction<? super U, ? super U, ? extends U> reducer) {
3746 >        if (transformer == null || reducer == null)
3747 >            throw new NullPointerException();
3748 >        return new MapReduceMappingsTask<K,V,U>
3749 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
3750 >             null, transformer, reducer).invoke();
3751 >    }
3752 >
3753 >    /**
3754 >     * Returns the result of accumulating the given transformation
3755 >     * of all (key, value) pairs using the given reducer to
3756 >     * combine values, and the given basis as an identity value.
3757 >     *
3758 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
3759 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
3760 >     * @param transformer a function returning the transformation
3761 >     * for an element
3762 >     * @param basis the identity (initial default value) for the reduction
3763 >     * @param reducer a commutative associative combining function
3764 >     * @return the result of accumulating the given transformation
3765 >     * of all (key, value) pairs
3766 >     * @since 1.8
3767 >     */
3768 >    public double reduceToDouble(long parallelismThreshold,
3769 >                                 ToDoubleBiFunction<? super K, ? super V> transformer,
3770 >                                 double basis,
3771 >                                 DoubleBinaryOperator reducer) {
3772 >        if (transformer == null || reducer == null)
3773 >            throw new NullPointerException();
3774 >        return new MapReduceMappingsToDoubleTask<K,V>
3775 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
3776 >             null, transformer, basis, reducer).invoke();
3777 >    }
3778 >
3779 >    /**
3780 >     * Returns the result of accumulating the given transformation
3781 >     * of all (key, value) pairs using the given reducer to
3782 >     * combine values, and the given basis as an identity value.
3783 >     *
3784 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
3785 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
3786 >     * @param transformer a function returning the transformation
3787 >     * for an element
3788 >     * @param basis the identity (initial default value) for the reduction
3789 >     * @param reducer a commutative associative combining function
3790 >     * @return the result of accumulating the given transformation
3791 >     * of all (key, value) pairs
3792 >     * @since 1.8
3793 >     */
3794 >    public long reduceToLong(long parallelismThreshold,
3795 >                             ToLongBiFunction<? super K, ? super V> transformer,
3796 >                             long basis,
3797 >                             LongBinaryOperator reducer) {
3798 >        if (transformer == null || reducer == null)
3799 >            throw new NullPointerException();
3800 >        return new MapReduceMappingsToLongTask<K,V>
3801 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
3802 >             null, transformer, basis, reducer).invoke();
3803 >    }
3804 >
3805 >    /**
3806 >     * Returns the result of accumulating the given transformation
3807 >     * of all (key, value) pairs using the given reducer to
3808 >     * combine values, and the given basis as an identity value.
3809 >     *
3810 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
3811 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
3812 >     * @param transformer a function returning the transformation
3813 >     * for an element
3814 >     * @param basis the identity (initial default value) for the reduction
3815 >     * @param reducer a commutative associative combining function
3816 >     * @return the result of accumulating the given transformation
3817 >     * of all (key, value) pairs
3818 >     * @since 1.8
3819 >     */
3820 >    public int reduceToInt(long parallelismThreshold,
3821 >                           ToIntBiFunction<? super K, ? super V> transformer,
3822 >                           int basis,
3823 >                           IntBinaryOperator reducer) {
3824 >        if (transformer == null || reducer == null)
3825 >            throw new NullPointerException();
3826 >        return new MapReduceMappingsToIntTask<K,V>
3827 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
3828 >             null, transformer, basis, reducer).invoke();
3829 >    }
3830 >
3831 >    /**
3832 >     * Performs the given action for each key.
3833 >     *
3834 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
3835 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
3836 >     * @param action the action
3837 >     * @since 1.8
3838 >     */
3839 >    public void forEachKey(long parallelismThreshold,
3840 >                           Consumer<? super K> action) {
3841 >        if (action == null) throw new NullPointerException();
3842 >        new ForEachKeyTask<K,V>
3843 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
3844 >             action).invoke();
3845 >    }
3846 >
3847 >    /**
3848 >     * Performs the given action for each non-null transformation
3849 >     * of each key.
3850 >     *
3851 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
3852 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
3853 >     * @param transformer a function returning the transformation
3854 >     * for an element, or null if there is no transformation (in
3855 >     * which case the action is not applied)
3856 >     * @param action the action
3857 >     * @param <U> the return type of the transformer
3858 >     * @since 1.8
3859 >     */
3860 >    public <U> void forEachKey(long parallelismThreshold,
3861 >                               Function<? super K, ? extends U> transformer,
3862 >                               Consumer<? super U> action) {
3863 >        if (transformer == null || action == null)
3864 >            throw new NullPointerException();
3865 >        new ForEachTransformedKeyTask<K,V,U>
3866 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
3867 >             transformer, action).invoke();
3868 >    }
3869 >
3870 >    /**
3871 >     * Returns a non-null result from applying the given search
3872 >     * function on each key, or null if none. Upon success,
3873 >     * further element processing is suppressed and the results of
3874 >     * any other parallel invocations of the search function are
3875 >     * ignored.
3876 >     *
3877 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
3878 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
3879 >     * @param searchFunction a function returning a non-null
3880 >     * result on success, else null
3881 >     * @param <U> the return type of the search function
3882 >     * @return a non-null result from applying the given search
3883 >     * function on each key, or null if none
3884 >     * @since 1.8
3885 >     */
3886 >    public <U> U searchKeys(long parallelismThreshold,
3887 >                            Function<? super K, ? extends U> searchFunction) {
3888 >        if (searchFunction == null) throw new NullPointerException();
3889 >        return new SearchKeysTask<K,V,U>
3890 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
3891 >             searchFunction, new AtomicReference<U>()).invoke();
3892 >    }
3893 >
3894 >    /**
3895 >     * Returns the result of accumulating all keys using the given
3896 >     * reducer to combine values, or null if none.
3897 >     *
3898 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
3899 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
3900 >     * @param reducer a commutative associative combining function
3901 >     * @return the result of accumulating all keys using the given
3902 >     * reducer to combine values, or null if none
3903 >     * @since 1.8
3904 >     */
3905 >    public K reduceKeys(long parallelismThreshold,
3906 >                        BiFunction<? super K, ? super K, ? extends K> reducer) {
3907 >        if (reducer == null) throw new NullPointerException();
3908 >        return new ReduceKeysTask<K,V>
3909 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
3910 >             null, reducer).invoke();
3911 >    }
3912 >
3913 >    /**
3914 >     * Returns the result of accumulating the given transformation
3915 >     * of all keys using the given reducer to combine values, or
3916 >     * null if none.
3917 >     *
3918 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
3919 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
3920 >     * @param transformer a function returning the transformation
3921 >     * for an element, or null if there is no transformation (in
3922 >     * which case it is not combined)
3923 >     * @param reducer a commutative associative combining function
3924 >     * @param <U> the return type of the transformer
3925 >     * @return the result of accumulating the given transformation
3926 >     * of all keys
3927 >     * @since 1.8
3928 >     */
3929 >    public <U> U reduceKeys(long parallelismThreshold,
3930 >                            Function<? super K, ? extends U> transformer,
3931 >         BiFunction<? super U, ? super U, ? extends U> reducer) {
3932 >        if (transformer == null || reducer == null)
3933 >            throw new NullPointerException();
3934 >        return new MapReduceKeysTask<K,V,U>
3935 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
3936 >             null, transformer, reducer).invoke();
3937 >    }
3938 >
3939 >    /**
3940 >     * Returns the result of accumulating the given transformation
3941 >     * of all keys using the given reducer to combine values, and
3942 >     * the given basis as an identity value.
3943 >     *
3944 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
3945 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
3946 >     * @param transformer a function returning the transformation
3947 >     * for an element
3948 >     * @param basis the identity (initial default value) for the reduction
3949 >     * @param reducer a commutative associative combining function
3950 >     * @return the result of accumulating the given transformation
3951 >     * of all keys
3952 >     * @since 1.8
3953 >     */
3954 >    public double reduceKeysToDouble(long parallelismThreshold,
3955 >                                     ToDoubleFunction<? super K> transformer,
3956 >                                     double basis,
3957 >                                     DoubleBinaryOperator reducer) {
3958 >        if (transformer == null || reducer == null)
3959 >            throw new NullPointerException();
3960 >        return new MapReduceKeysToDoubleTask<K,V>
3961 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
3962 >             null, transformer, basis, reducer).invoke();
3963 >    }
3964 >
3965 >    /**
3966 >     * Returns the result of accumulating the given transformation
3967 >     * of all keys using the given reducer to combine values, and
3968 >     * the given basis as an identity value.
3969 >     *
3970 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
3971 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
3972 >     * @param transformer a function returning the transformation
3973 >     * for an element
3974 >     * @param basis the identity (initial default value) for the reduction
3975 >     * @param reducer a commutative associative combining function
3976 >     * @return the result of accumulating the given transformation
3977 >     * of all keys
3978 >     * @since 1.8
3979 >     */
3980 >    public long reduceKeysToLong(long parallelismThreshold,
3981 >                                 ToLongFunction<? super K> transformer,
3982 >                                 long basis,
3983 >                                 LongBinaryOperator reducer) {
3984 >        if (transformer == null || reducer == null)
3985 >            throw new NullPointerException();
3986 >        return new MapReduceKeysToLongTask<K,V>
3987 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
3988 >             null, transformer, basis, reducer).invoke();
3989 >    }
3990 >
3991 >    /**
3992 >     * Returns the result of accumulating the given transformation
3993 >     * of all keys using the given reducer to combine values, and
3994 >     * the given basis as an identity value.
3995 >     *
3996 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
3997 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
3998 >     * @param transformer a function returning the transformation
3999 >     * for an element
4000 >     * @param basis the identity (initial default value) for the reduction
4001 >     * @param reducer a commutative associative combining function
4002 >     * @return the result of accumulating the given transformation
4003 >     * of all keys
4004 >     * @since 1.8
4005 >     */
4006 >    public int reduceKeysToInt(long parallelismThreshold,
4007 >                               ToIntFunction<? super K> transformer,
4008 >                               int basis,
4009 >                               IntBinaryOperator reducer) {
4010 >        if (transformer == null || reducer == null)
4011 >            throw new NullPointerException();
4012 >        return new MapReduceKeysToIntTask<K,V>
4013 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
4014 >             null, transformer, basis, reducer).invoke();
4015 >    }
4016 >
4017 >    /**
4018 >     * Performs the given action for each value.
4019 >     *
4020 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
4021 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
4022 >     * @param action the action
4023 >     * @since 1.8
4024 >     */
4025 >    public void forEachValue(long parallelismThreshold,
4026 >                             Consumer<? super V> action) {
4027 >        if (action == null)
4028 >            throw new NullPointerException();
4029 >        new ForEachValueTask<K,V>
4030 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
4031 >             action).invoke();
4032 >    }
4033 >
4034 >    /**
4035 >     * Performs the given action for each non-null transformation
4036 >     * of each value.
4037 >     *
4038 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
4039 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
4040 >     * @param transformer a function returning the transformation
4041 >     * for an element, or null if there is no transformation (in
4042 >     * which case the action is not applied)
4043 >     * @param action the action
4044 >     * @param <U> the return type of the transformer
4045 >     * @since 1.8
4046 >     */
4047 >    public <U> void forEachValue(long parallelismThreshold,
4048 >                                 Function<? super V, ? extends U> transformer,
4049 >                                 Consumer<? super U> action) {
4050 >        if (transformer == null || action == null)
4051 >            throw new NullPointerException();
4052 >        new ForEachTransformedValueTask<K,V,U>
4053 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
4054 >             transformer, action).invoke();
4055 >    }
4056 >
4057 >    /**
4058 >     * Returns a non-null result from applying the given search
4059 >     * function on each value, or null if none.  Upon success,
4060 >     * further element processing is suppressed and the results of
4061 >     * any other parallel invocations of the search function are
4062 >     * ignored.
4063 >     *
4064 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
4065 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
4066 >     * @param searchFunction a function returning a non-null
4067 >     * result on success, else null
4068 >     * @param <U> the return type of the search function
4069 >     * @return a non-null result from applying the given search
4070 >     * function on each value, or null if none
4071 >     * @since 1.8
4072 >     */
4073 >    public <U> U searchValues(long parallelismThreshold,
4074 >                              Function<? super V, ? extends U> searchFunction) {
4075 >        if (searchFunction == null) throw new NullPointerException();
4076 >        return new SearchValuesTask<K,V,U>
4077 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
4078 >             searchFunction, new AtomicReference<U>()).invoke();
4079 >    }
4080 >
4081 >    /**
4082 >     * Returns the result of accumulating all values using the
4083 >     * given reducer to combine values, or null if none.
4084 >     *
4085 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
4086 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
4087 >     * @param reducer a commutative associative combining function
4088 >     * @return the result of accumulating all values
4089 >     * @since 1.8
4090 >     */
4091 >    public V reduceValues(long parallelismThreshold,
4092 >                          BiFunction<? super V, ? super V, ? extends V> reducer) {
4093 >        if (reducer == null) throw new NullPointerException();
4094 >        return new ReduceValuesTask<K,V>
4095 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
4096 >             null, reducer).invoke();
4097 >    }
4098 >
4099 >    /**
4100 >     * Returns the result of accumulating the given transformation
4101 >     * of all values using the given reducer to combine values, or
4102 >     * null if none.
4103 >     *
4104 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
4105 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
4106 >     * @param transformer a function returning the transformation
4107 >     * for an element, or null if there is no transformation (in
4108 >     * which case it is not combined)
4109 >     * @param reducer a commutative associative combining function
4110 >     * @param <U> the return type of the transformer
4111 >     * @return the result of accumulating the given transformation
4112 >     * of all values
4113 >     * @since 1.8
4114 >     */
4115 >    public <U> U reduceValues(long parallelismThreshold,
4116 >                              Function<? super V, ? extends U> transformer,
4117 >                              BiFunction<? super U, ? super U, ? extends U> reducer) {
4118 >        if (transformer == null || reducer == null)
4119 >            throw new NullPointerException();
4120 >        return new MapReduceValuesTask<K,V,U>
4121 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
4122 >             null, transformer, reducer).invoke();
4123 >    }
4124 >
4125 >    /**
4126 >     * Returns the result of accumulating the given transformation
4127 >     * of all values using the given reducer to combine values,
4128 >     * and the given basis as an identity value.
4129 >     *
4130 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
4131 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
4132 >     * @param transformer a function returning the transformation
4133 >     * for an element
4134 >     * @param basis the identity (initial default value) for the reduction
4135 >     * @param reducer a commutative associative combining function
4136 >     * @return the result of accumulating the given transformation
4137 >     * of all values
4138 >     * @since 1.8
4139 >     */
4140 >    public double reduceValuesToDouble(long parallelismThreshold,
4141 >                                       ToDoubleFunction<? super V> transformer,
4142 >                                       double basis,
4143 >                                       DoubleBinaryOperator reducer) {
4144 >        if (transformer == null || reducer == null)
4145 >            throw new NullPointerException();
4146 >        return new MapReduceValuesToDoubleTask<K,V>
4147 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
4148 >             null, transformer, basis, reducer).invoke();
4149 >    }
4150 >
4151 >    /**
4152 >     * Returns the result of accumulating the given transformation
4153 >     * of all values using the given reducer to combine values,
4154 >     * and the given basis as an identity value.
4155 >     *
4156 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
4157 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
4158 >     * @param transformer a function returning the transformation
4159 >     * for an element
4160 >     * @param basis the identity (initial default value) for the reduction
4161 >     * @param reducer a commutative associative combining function
4162 >     * @return the result of accumulating the given transformation
4163 >     * of all values
4164 >     * @since 1.8
4165 >     */
4166 >    public long reduceValuesToLong(long parallelismThreshold,
4167 >                                   ToLongFunction<? super V> transformer,
4168 >                                   long basis,
4169 >                                   LongBinaryOperator reducer) {
4170 >        if (transformer == null || reducer == null)
4171 >            throw new NullPointerException();
4172 >        return new MapReduceValuesToLongTask<K,V>
4173 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
4174 >             null, transformer, basis, reducer).invoke();
4175 >    }
4176 >
4177 >    /**
4178 >     * Returns the result of accumulating the given transformation
4179 >     * of all values using the given reducer to combine values,
4180 >     * and the given basis as an identity value.
4181 >     *
4182 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
4183 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
4184 >     * @param transformer a function returning the transformation
4185 >     * for an element
4186 >     * @param basis the identity (initial default value) for the reduction
4187 >     * @param reducer a commutative associative combining function
4188 >     * @return the result of accumulating the given transformation
4189 >     * of all values
4190 >     * @since 1.8
4191 >     */
4192 >    public int reduceValuesToInt(long parallelismThreshold,
4193 >                                 ToIntFunction<? super V> transformer,
4194 >                                 int basis,
4195 >                                 IntBinaryOperator reducer) {
4196 >        if (transformer == null || reducer == null)
4197 >            throw new NullPointerException();
4198 >        return new MapReduceValuesToIntTask<K,V>
4199 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
4200 >             null, transformer, basis, reducer).invoke();
4201 >    }
4202 >
4203 >    /**
4204 >     * Performs the given action for each entry.
4205 >     *
4206 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
4207 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
4208 >     * @param action the action
4209 >     * @since 1.8
4210 >     */
4211 >    public void forEachEntry(long parallelismThreshold,
4212 >                             Consumer<? super Map.Entry<K,V>> action) {
4213 >        if (action == null) throw new NullPointerException();
4214 >        new ForEachEntryTask<K,V>(null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
4215 >                                  action).invoke();
4216 >    }
4217 >
4218 >    /**
4219 >     * Performs the given action for each non-null transformation
4220 >     * of each entry.
4221 >     *
4222 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
4223 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
4224 >     * @param transformer a function returning the transformation
4225 >     * for an element, or null if there is no transformation (in
4226 >     * which case the action is not applied)
4227 >     * @param action the action
4228 >     * @param <U> the return type of the transformer
4229 >     * @since 1.8
4230 >     */
4231 >    public <U> void forEachEntry(long parallelismThreshold,
4232 >                                 Function<Map.Entry<K,V>, ? extends U> transformer,
4233 >                                 Consumer<? super U> action) {
4234 >        if (transformer == null || action == null)
4235 >            throw new NullPointerException();
4236 >        new ForEachTransformedEntryTask<K,V,U>
4237 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
4238 >             transformer, action).invoke();
4239 >    }
4240 >
4241 >    /**
4242 >     * Returns a non-null result from applying the given search
4243 >     * function on each entry, or null if none.  Upon success,
4244 >     * further element processing is suppressed and the results of
4245 >     * any other parallel invocations of the search function are
4246 >     * ignored.
4247 >     *
4248 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
4249 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
4250 >     * @param searchFunction a function returning a non-null
4251 >     * result on success, else null
4252 >     * @param <U> the return type of the search function
4253 >     * @return a non-null result from applying the given search
4254 >     * function on each entry, or null if none
4255 >     * @since 1.8
4256 >     */
4257 >    public <U> U searchEntries(long parallelismThreshold,
4258 >                               Function<Map.Entry<K,V>, ? extends U> searchFunction) {
4259 >        if (searchFunction == null) throw new NullPointerException();
4260 >        return new SearchEntriesTask<K,V,U>
4261 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
4262 >             searchFunction, new AtomicReference<U>()).invoke();
4263 >    }
4264 >
4265 >    /**
4266 >     * Returns the result of accumulating all entries using the
4267 >     * given reducer to combine values, or null if none.
4268 >     *
4269 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
4270 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
4271 >     * @param reducer a commutative associative combining function
4272 >     * @return the result of accumulating all entries
4273 >     * @since 1.8
4274 >     */
4275 >    public Map.Entry<K,V> reduceEntries(long parallelismThreshold,
4276 >                                        BiFunction<Map.Entry<K,V>, Map.Entry<K,V>, ? extends Map.Entry<K,V>> reducer) {
4277 >        if (reducer == null) throw new NullPointerException();
4278 >        return new ReduceEntriesTask<K,V>
4279 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
4280 >             null, reducer).invoke();
4281 >    }
4282 >
4283 >    /**
4284 >     * Returns the result of accumulating the given transformation
4285 >     * of all entries using the given reducer to combine values,
4286 >     * or null if none.
4287 >     *
4288 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
4289 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
4290 >     * @param transformer a function returning the transformation
4291 >     * for an element, or null if there is no transformation (in
4292 >     * which case it is not combined)
4293 >     * @param reducer a commutative associative combining function
4294 >     * @param <U> the return type of the transformer
4295 >     * @return the result of accumulating the given transformation
4296 >     * of all entries
4297 >     * @since 1.8
4298 >     */
4299 >    public <U> U reduceEntries(long parallelismThreshold,
4300 >                               Function<Map.Entry<K,V>, ? extends U> transformer,
4301 >                               BiFunction<? super U, ? super U, ? extends U> reducer) {
4302 >        if (transformer == null || reducer == null)
4303 >            throw new NullPointerException();
4304 >        return new MapReduceEntriesTask<K,V,U>
4305 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
4306 >             null, transformer, reducer).invoke();
4307 >    }
4308 >
4309 >    /**
4310 >     * Returns the result of accumulating the given transformation
4311 >     * of all entries using the given reducer to combine values,
4312 >     * and the given basis as an identity value.
4313 >     *
4314 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
4315 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
4316 >     * @param transformer a function returning the transformation
4317 >     * for an element
4318 >     * @param basis the identity (initial default value) for the reduction
4319 >     * @param reducer a commutative associative combining function
4320 >     * @return the result of accumulating the given transformation
4321 >     * of all entries
4322 >     * @since 1.8
4323 >     */
4324 >    public double reduceEntriesToDouble(long parallelismThreshold,
4325 >                                        ToDoubleFunction<Map.Entry<K,V>> transformer,
4326 >                                        double basis,
4327 >                                        DoubleBinaryOperator reducer) {
4328 >        if (transformer == null || reducer == null)
4329 >            throw new NullPointerException();
4330 >        return new MapReduceEntriesToDoubleTask<K,V>
4331 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
4332 >             null, transformer, basis, reducer).invoke();
4333 >    }
4334 >
4335 >    /**
4336 >     * Returns the result of accumulating the given transformation
4337 >     * of all entries using the given reducer to combine values,
4338 >     * and the given basis as an identity value.
4339 >     *
4340 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
4341 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
4342 >     * @param transformer a function returning the transformation
4343 >     * for an element
4344 >     * @param basis the identity (initial default value) for the reduction
4345 >     * @param reducer a commutative associative combining function
4346 >     * @return the result of accumulating the given transformation
4347 >     * of all entries
4348 >     * @since 1.8
4349 >     */
4350 >    public long reduceEntriesToLong(long parallelismThreshold,
4351 >                                    ToLongFunction<Map.Entry<K,V>> transformer,
4352 >                                    long basis,
4353 >                                    LongBinaryOperator reducer) {
4354 >        if (transformer == null || reducer == null)
4355 >            throw new NullPointerException();
4356 >        return new MapReduceEntriesToLongTask<K,V>
4357 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
4358 >             null, transformer, basis, reducer).invoke();
4359 >    }
4360 >
4361 >    /**
4362 >     * Returns the result of accumulating the given transformation
4363 >     * of all entries using the given reducer to combine values,
4364 >     * and the given basis as an identity value.
4365 >     *
4366 >     * @param parallelismThreshold the (estimated) number of elements
4367 >     * needed for this operation to be executed in parallel
4368 >     * @param transformer a function returning the transformation
4369 >     * for an element
4370 >     * @param basis the identity (initial default value) for the reduction
4371 >     * @param reducer a commutative associative combining function
4372 >     * @return the result of accumulating the given transformation
4373 >     * of all entries
4374 >     * @since 1.8
4375 >     */
4376 >    public int reduceEntriesToInt(long parallelismThreshold,
4377 >                                  ToIntFunction<Map.Entry<K,V>> transformer,
4378 >                                  int basis,
4379 >                                  IntBinaryOperator reducer) {
4380 >        if (transformer == null || reducer == null)
4381 >            throw new NullPointerException();
4382 >        return new MapReduceEntriesToIntTask<K,V>
4383 >            (null, batchFor(parallelismThreshold), 0, 0, table,
4384 >             null, transformer, basis, reducer).invoke();
4385 >    }
4386 >
4387 >
4388 >    /* ----------------Views -------------- */
4389 >
4390 >    /**
4391 >     * Base class for views.
4392 >     */
4393 >    abstract static class CollectionView<K,V,E>
4394 >        implements Collection<E>, java.io.Serializable {
4395 >        private static final long serialVersionUID = 7249069246763182397L;
4396 >        final ConcurrentHashMap<K,V> map;
4397 >        CollectionView(ConcurrentHashMap<K,V> map)  { this.map = map; }
4398 >
4399 >        /**
4400 >         * Returns the map backing this view.
4401 >         *
4402 >         * @return the map backing this view
4403 >         */
4404 >        public ConcurrentHashMap<K,V> getMap() { return map; }
4405 >
4406 >        /**
4407 >         * Removes all of the elements from this view, by removing all
4408 >         * the mappings from the map backing this view.
4409 >         */
4410 >        public final void clear()      { map.clear(); }
4411 >        public final int size()        { return map.size(); }
4412 >        public final boolean isEmpty() { return map.isEmpty(); }
4413 >
4414 >        // implementations below rely on concrete classes supplying these
4415 >        // abstract methods
4416 >        /**
4417 >         * Returns an iterator over the elements in this collection.
4418 >         *
4419 >         * <p>The returned iterator is
4420 >         * <a href="package-summary.html#Weakly"><i>weakly consistent</i></a>.
4421 >         *
4422 >         * @return an iterator over the elements in this collection
4423 >         */
4424 >        public abstract Iterator<E> iterator();
4425 >        public abstract boolean contains(Object o);
4426 >        public abstract boolean remove(Object o);
4427 >
4428 >        private static final String oomeMsg = "Required array size too large";
4429 >
4430 >        public final Object[] toArray() {
4431 >            long sz = map.mappingCount();
4432 >            if (sz > MAX_ARRAY_SIZE)
4433 >                throw new OutOfMemoryError(oomeMsg);
4434 >            int n = (int)sz;
4435 >            Object[] r = new Object[n];
4436 >            int i = 0;
4437 >            for (E e : this) {
4438 >                if (i == n) {
4439 >                    if (n >= MAX_ARRAY_SIZE)
4440 >                        throw new OutOfMemoryError(oomeMsg);
4441 >                    if (n >= MAX_ARRAY_SIZE - (MAX_ARRAY_SIZE >>> 1) - 1)
4442 >                        n = MAX_ARRAY_SIZE;
4443 >                    else
4444 >                        n += (n >>> 1) + 1;
4445 >                    r = Arrays.copyOf(r, n);
4446 >                }
4447 >                r[i++] = e;
4448 >            }
4449 >            return (i == n) ? r : Arrays.copyOf(r, i);
4450          }
4451 <        public void clear() {
4452 <            ConcurrentHashMap.this.clear();
4451 >
4452 >        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
4453 >        public final <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) {
4454 >            long sz = map.mappingCount();
4455 >            if (sz > MAX_ARRAY_SIZE)
4456 >                throw new OutOfMemoryError(oomeMsg);
4457 >            int m = (int)sz;
4458 >            T[] r = (a.length >= m) ? a :
4459 >                (T[])java.lang.reflect.Array
4460 >                .newInstance(a.getClass().getComponentType(), m);
4461 >            int n = r.length;
4462 >            int i = 0;
4463 >            for (E e : this) {
4464 >                if (i == n) {
4465 >                    if (n >= MAX_ARRAY_SIZE)
4466 >                        throw new OutOfMemoryError(oomeMsg);
4467 >                    if (n >= MAX_ARRAY_SIZE - (MAX_ARRAY_SIZE >>> 1) - 1)
4468 >                        n = MAX_ARRAY_SIZE;
4469 >                    else
4470 >                        n += (n >>> 1) + 1;
4471 >                    r = Arrays.copyOf(r, n);
4472 >                }
4473 >                r[i++] = (T)e;
4474 >            }
4475 >            if (a == r && i < n) {
4476 >                r[i] = null; // null-terminate
4477 >                return r;
4478 >            }
4479 >            return (i == n) ? r : Arrays.copyOf(r, i);
4480          }
4481 +
4482 +        /**
4483 +         * Returns a string representation of this collection.
4484 +         * The string representation consists of the string representations
4485 +         * of the collection's elements in the order they are returned by
4486 +         * its iterator, enclosed in square brackets ({@code "[]"}).
4487 +         * Adjacent elements are separated by the characters {@code ", "}
4488 +         * (comma and space).  Elements are converted to strings as by
4489 +         * {@link String#valueOf(Object)}.
4490 +         *
4491 +         * @return a string representation of this collection
4492 +         */
4493 +        public final String toString() {
4494 +            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
4495 +            sb.append('[');
4496 +            Iterator<E> it = iterator();
4497 +            if (it.hasNext()) {
4498 +                for (;;) {
4499 +                    Object e = it.next();
4500 +                    sb.append(e == this ? "(this Collection)" : e);
4501 +                    if (!it.hasNext())
4502 +                        break;
4503 +                    sb.append(',').append(' ');
4504 +                }
4505 +            }
4506 +            return sb.append(']').toString();
4507 +        }
4508 +
4509 +        public final boolean containsAll(Collection<?> c) {
4510 +            if (c != this) {
4511 +                for (Object e : c) {
4512 +                    if (e == null || !contains(e))
4513 +                        return false;
4514 +                }
4515 +            }
4516 +            return true;
4517 +        }
4518 +
4519 +        public final boolean removeAll(Collection<?> c) {
4520 +            if (c == null) throw new NullPointerException();
4521 +            boolean modified = false;
4522 +            for (Iterator<E> it = iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
4523 +                if (c.contains(it.next())) {
4524 +                    it.remove();
4525 +                    modified = true;
4526 +                }
4527 +            }
4528 +            return modified;
4529 +        }
4530 +
4531 +        public final boolean retainAll(Collection<?> c) {
4532 +            if (c == null) throw new NullPointerException();
4533 +            boolean modified = false;
4534 +            for (Iterator<E> it = iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
4535 +                if (!c.contains(it.next())) {
4536 +                    it.remove();
4537 +                    modified = true;
4538 +                }
4539 +            }
4540 +            return modified;
4541 +        }
4542 +
4543      }
4544  
4545 <    final class Values extends AbstractCollection<V> {
4546 <        public Iterator<V> iterator() {
4547 <            return new ValueIterator();
4545 >    /**
4546 >     * A view of a ConcurrentHashMap as a {@link Set} of keys, in
4547 >     * which additions may optionally be enabled by mapping to a
4548 >     * common value.  This class cannot be directly instantiated.
4549 >     * See {@link #keySet() keySet()},
4550 >     * {@link #keySet(Object) keySet(V)},
4551 >     * {@link #newKeySet() newKeySet()},
4552 >     * {@link #newKeySet(int) newKeySet(int)}.
4553 >     *
4554 >     * @since 1.8
4555 >     */
4556 >    public static class KeySetView<K,V> extends CollectionView<K,V,K>
4557 >        implements Set<K>, java.io.Serializable {
4558 >        private static final long serialVersionUID = 7249069246763182397L;
4559 >        private final V value;
4560 >        KeySetView(ConcurrentHashMap<K,V> map, V value) {  // non-public
4561 >            super(map);
4562 >            this.value = value;
4563          }
4564 <        public int size() {
4565 <            return ConcurrentHashMap.this.size();
4564 >
4565 >        /**
4566 >         * Returns the default mapped value for additions,
4567 >         * or {@code null} if additions are not supported.
4568 >         *
4569 >         * @return the default mapped value for additions, or {@code null}
4570 >         * if not supported
4571 >         */
4572 >        public V getMappedValue() { return value; }
4573 >
4574 >        /**
4575 >         * {@inheritDoc}
4576 >         * @throws NullPointerException if the specified key is null
4577 >         */
4578 >        public boolean contains(Object o) { return map.containsKey(o); }
4579 >
4580 >        /**
4581 >         * Removes the key from this map view, by removing the key (and its
4582 >         * corresponding value) from the backing map.  This method does
4583 >         * nothing if the key is not in the map.
4584 >         *
4585 >         * @param  o the key to be removed from the backing map
4586 >         * @return {@code true} if the backing map contained the specified key
4587 >         * @throws NullPointerException if the specified key is null
4588 >         */
4589 >        public boolean remove(Object o) { return map.remove(o) != null; }
4590 >
4591 >        /**
4592 >         * @return an iterator over the keys of the backing map
4593 >         */
4594 >        public Iterator<K> iterator() {
4595 >            Node<K,V>[] t;
4596 >            ConcurrentHashMap<K,V> m = map;
4597 >            int f = (t = m.table) == null ? 0 : t.length;
4598 >            return new KeyIterator<K,V>(t, f, 0, f, m);
4599          }
4600 <        public boolean contains(Object o) {
4601 <            return ConcurrentHashMap.this.containsValue(o);
4600 >
4601 >        /**
4602 >         * Adds the specified key to this set view by mapping the key to
4603 >         * the default mapped value in the backing map, if defined.
4604 >         *
4605 >         * @param e key to be added
4606 >         * @return {@code true} if this set changed as a result of the call
4607 >         * @throws NullPointerException if the specified key is null
4608 >         * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if no default mapped value
4609 >         * for additions was provided
4610 >         */
4611 >        public boolean add(K e) {
4612 >            V v;
4613 >            if ((v = value) == null)
4614 >                throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
4615 >            return map.putVal(e, v, true) == null;
4616 >        }
4617 >
4618 >        /**
4619 >         * Adds all of the elements in the specified collection to this set,
4620 >         * as if by calling {@link #add} on each one.
4621 >         *
4622 >         * @param c the elements to be inserted into this set
4623 >         * @return {@code true} if this set changed as a result of the call
4624 >         * @throws NullPointerException if the collection or any of its
4625 >         * elements are {@code null}
4626 >         * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if no default mapped value
4627 >         * for additions was provided
4628 >         */
4629 >        public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends K> c) {
4630 >            boolean added = false;
4631 >            V v;
4632 >            if ((v = value) == null)
4633 >                throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
4634 >            for (K e : c) {
4635 >                if (map.putVal(e, v, true) == null)
4636 >                    added = true;
4637 >            }
4638 >            return added;
4639          }
4640 <        public void clear() {
4641 <            ConcurrentHashMap.this.clear();
4640 >
4641 >        public int hashCode() {
4642 >            int h = 0;
4643 >            for (K e : this)
4644 >                h += e.hashCode();
4645 >            return h;
4646 >        }
4647 >
4648 >        public boolean equals(Object o) {
4649 >            Set<?> c;
4650 >            return ((o instanceof Set) &&
4651 >                    ((c = (Set<?>)o) == this ||
4652 >                     (containsAll(c) && c.containsAll(this))));
4653 >        }
4654 >
4655 >        public Spliterator<K> spliterator() {
4656 >            Node<K,V>[] t;
4657 >            ConcurrentHashMap<K,V> m = map;
4658 >            long n = m.sumCount();
4659 >            int f = (t = m.table) == null ? 0 : t.length;
4660 >            return new KeySpliterator<K,V>(t, f, 0, f, n < 0L ? 0L : n);
4661 >        }
4662 >
4663 >        public void forEach(Consumer<? super K> action) {
4664 >            if (action == null) throw new NullPointerException();
4665 >            Node<K,V>[] t;
4666 >            if ((t = map.table) != null) {
4667 >                Traverser<K,V> it = new Traverser<K,V>(t, t.length, 0, t.length);
4668 >                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = it.advance()) != null; )
4669 >                    action.accept(p.key);
4670 >            }
4671          }
4672      }
4673  
4674 <    final class EntrySet extends AbstractSet<Map.Entry<K,V>> {
4675 <        public Iterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> iterator() {
4676 <            return new EntryIterator();
4674 >    /**
4675 >     * A view of a ConcurrentHashMap as a {@link Collection} of
4676 >     * values, in which additions are disabled. This class cannot be
4677 >     * directly instantiated. See {@link #values()}.
4678 >     */
4679 >    static final class ValuesView<K,V> extends CollectionView<K,V,V>
4680 >        implements Collection<V>, java.io.Serializable {
4681 >        private static final long serialVersionUID = 2249069246763182397L;
4682 >        ValuesView(ConcurrentHashMap<K,V> map) { super(map); }
4683 >        public final boolean contains(Object o) {
4684 >            return map.containsValue(o);
4685 >        }
4686 >
4687 >        public final boolean remove(Object o) {
4688 >            if (o != null) {
4689 >                for (Iterator<V> it = iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
4690 >                    if (o.equals(it.next())) {
4691 >                        it.remove();
4692 >                        return true;
4693 >                    }
4694 >                }
4695 >            }
4696 >            return false;
4697 >        }
4698 >
4699 >        public final Iterator<V> iterator() {
4700 >            ConcurrentHashMap<K,V> m = map;
4701 >            Node<K,V>[] t;
4702 >            int f = (t = m.table) == null ? 0 : t.length;
4703 >            return new ValueIterator<K,V>(t, f, 0, f, m);
4704 >        }
4705 >
4706 >        public final boolean add(V e) {
4707 >            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
4708 >        }
4709 >        public final boolean addAll(Collection<? extends V> c) {
4710 >            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
4711 >        }
4712 >
4713 >        public boolean removeIf(Predicate<? super V> filter) {
4714 >            return map.removeValueIf(filter);
4715 >        }
4716 >
4717 >        public Spliterator<V> spliterator() {
4718 >            Node<K,V>[] t;
4719 >            ConcurrentHashMap<K,V> m = map;
4720 >            long n = m.sumCount();
4721 >            int f = (t = m.table) == null ? 0 : t.length;
4722 >            return new ValueSpliterator<K,V>(t, f, 0, f, n < 0L ? 0L : n);
4723 >        }
4724 >
4725 >        public void forEach(Consumer<? super V> action) {
4726 >            if (action == null) throw new NullPointerException();
4727 >            Node<K,V>[] t;
4728 >            if ((t = map.table) != null) {
4729 >                Traverser<K,V> it = new Traverser<K,V>(t, t.length, 0, t.length);
4730 >                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = it.advance()) != null; )
4731 >                    action.accept(p.val);
4732 >            }
4733          }
4734 +    }
4735 +
4736 +    /**
4737 +     * A view of a ConcurrentHashMap as a {@link Set} of (key, value)
4738 +     * entries.  This class cannot be directly instantiated. See
4739 +     * {@link #entrySet()}.
4740 +     */
4741 +    static final class EntrySetView<K,V> extends CollectionView<K,V,Map.Entry<K,V>>
4742 +        implements Set<Map.Entry<K,V>>, java.io.Serializable {
4743 +        private static final long serialVersionUID = 2249069246763182397L;
4744 +        EntrySetView(ConcurrentHashMap<K,V> map) { super(map); }
4745 +
4746          public boolean contains(Object o) {
4747 <            if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry))
4748 <                return false;
4749 <            Map.Entry<?,?> e = (Map.Entry<?,?>)o;
4750 <            V v = ConcurrentHashMap.this.get(e.getKey());
4751 <            return v != null && v.equals(e.getValue());
4747 >            Object k, v, r; Map.Entry<?,?> e;
4748 >            return ((o instanceof Map.Entry) &&
4749 >                    (k = (e = (Map.Entry<?,?>)o).getKey()) != null &&
4750 >                    (r = map.get(k)) != null &&
4751 >                    (v = e.getValue()) != null &&
4752 >                    (v == r || v.equals(r)));
4753          }
4754 +
4755          public boolean remove(Object o) {
4756 <            if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry))
4757 <                return false;
4758 <            Map.Entry<?,?> e = (Map.Entry<?,?>)o;
4759 <            return ConcurrentHashMap.this.remove(e.getKey(), e.getValue());
4756 >            Object k, v; Map.Entry<?,?> e;
4757 >            return ((o instanceof Map.Entry) &&
4758 >                    (k = (e = (Map.Entry<?,?>)o).getKey()) != null &&
4759 >                    (v = e.getValue()) != null &&
4760 >                    map.remove(k, v));
4761 >        }
4762 >
4763 >        /**
4764 >         * @return an iterator over the entries of the backing map
4765 >         */
4766 >        public Iterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> iterator() {
4767 >            ConcurrentHashMap<K,V> m = map;
4768 >            Node<K,V>[] t;
4769 >            int f = (t = m.table) == null ? 0 : t.length;
4770 >            return new EntryIterator<K,V>(t, f, 0, f, m);
4771          }
4772 <        public int size() {
4773 <            return ConcurrentHashMap.this.size();
4772 >
4773 >        public boolean add(Entry<K,V> e) {
4774 >            return map.putVal(e.getKey(), e.getValue(), false) == null;
4775          }
4776 <        public void clear() {
4777 <            ConcurrentHashMap.this.clear();
4776 >
4777 >        public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends Entry<K,V>> c) {
4778 >            boolean added = false;
4779 >            for (Entry<K,V> e : c) {
4780 >                if (add(e))
4781 >                    added = true;
4782 >            }
4783 >            return added;
4784          }
4785 +
4786 +        public boolean removeIf(Predicate<? super Entry<K,V>> filter) {
4787 +            return map.removeEntryIf(filter);
4788 +        }
4789 +
4790 +        public final int hashCode() {
4791 +            int h = 0;
4792 +            Node<K,V>[] t;
4793 +            if ((t = map.table) != null) {
4794 +                Traverser<K,V> it = new Traverser<K,V>(t, t.length, 0, t.length);
4795 +                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = it.advance()) != null; ) {
4796 +                    h += p.hashCode();
4797 +                }
4798 +            }
4799 +            return h;
4800 +        }
4801 +
4802 +        public final boolean equals(Object o) {
4803 +            Set<?> c;
4804 +            return ((o instanceof Set) &&
4805 +                    ((c = (Set<?>)o) == this ||
4806 +                     (containsAll(c) && c.containsAll(this))));
4807 +        }
4808 +
4809 +        public Spliterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> spliterator() {
4810 +            Node<K,V>[] t;
4811 +            ConcurrentHashMap<K,V> m = map;
4812 +            long n = m.sumCount();
4813 +            int f = (t = m.table) == null ? 0 : t.length;
4814 +            return new EntrySpliterator<K,V>(t, f, 0, f, n < 0L ? 0L : n, m);
4815 +        }
4816 +
4817 +        public void forEach(Consumer<? super Map.Entry<K,V>> action) {
4818 +            if (action == null) throw new NullPointerException();
4819 +            Node<K,V>[] t;
4820 +            if ((t = map.table) != null) {
4821 +                Traverser<K,V> it = new Traverser<K,V>(t, t.length, 0, t.length);
4822 +                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = it.advance()) != null; )
4823 +                    action.accept(new MapEntry<K,V>(p.key, p.val, map));
4824 +            }
4825 +        }
4826 +
4827      }
4828  
4829 <    /* ---------------- Serialization Support -------------- */
4829 >    // -------------------------------------------------------
4830  
4831      /**
4832 <     * Save the state of the <tt>ConcurrentHashMap</tt> instance to a
4833 <     * stream (i.e., serialize it).
1226 <     * @param s the stream
1227 <     * @serialData
1228 <     * the key (Object) and value (Object)
1229 <     * for each key-value mapping, followed by a null pair.
1230 <     * The key-value mappings are emitted in no particular order.
4832 >     * Base class for bulk tasks. Repeats some fields and code from
4833 >     * class Traverser, because we need to subclass CountedCompleter.
4834       */
4835 <    private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s) throws IOException  {
4836 <        s.defaultWriteObject();
4835 >    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
4836 >    abstract static class BulkTask<K,V,R> extends CountedCompleter<R> {
4837 >        Node<K,V>[] tab;        // same as Traverser
4838 >        Node<K,V> next;
4839 >        TableStack<K,V> stack, spare;
4840 >        int index;
4841 >        int baseIndex;
4842 >        int baseLimit;
4843 >        final int baseSize;
4844 >        int batch;              // split control
4845 >
4846 >        BulkTask(BulkTask<K,V,?> par, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t) {
4847 >            super(par);
4848 >            this.batch = b;
4849 >            this.index = this.baseIndex = i;
4850 >            if ((this.tab = t) == null)
4851 >                this.baseSize = this.baseLimit = 0;
4852 >            else if (par == null)
4853 >                this.baseSize = this.baseLimit = t.length;
4854 >            else {
4855 >                this.baseLimit = f;
4856 >                this.baseSize = par.baseSize;
4857 >            }
4858 >        }
4859  
4860 <        for (int k = 0; k < segments.length; ++k) {
4861 <            Segment<K,V> seg = segments[k];
4862 <            seg.lock();
4863 <            try {
4864 <                HashEntry<K,V>[] tab = seg.table;
4865 <                for (int i = 0; i < tab.length; ++i) {
4866 <                    for (HashEntry<K,V> e = tab[i]; e != null; e = e.next) {
4867 <                        s.writeObject(e.key);
4868 <                        s.writeObject(e.value);
4860 >        /**
4861 >         * Same as Traverser version
4862 >         */
4863 >        final Node<K,V> advance() {
4864 >            Node<K,V> e;
4865 >            if ((e = next) != null)
4866 >                e = e.next;
4867 >            for (;;) {
4868 >                Node<K,V>[] t; int i, n;
4869 >                if (e != null)
4870 >                    return next = e;
4871 >                if (baseIndex >= baseLimit || (t = tab) == null ||
4872 >                    (n = t.length) <= (i = index) || i < 0)
4873 >                    return next = null;
4874 >                if ((e = tabAt(t, i)) != null && e.hash < 0) {
4875 >                    if (e instanceof ForwardingNode) {
4876 >                        tab = ((ForwardingNode<K,V>)e).nextTable;
4877 >                        e = null;
4878 >                        pushState(t, i, n);
4879 >                        continue;
4880                      }
4881 +                    else if (e instanceof TreeBin)
4882 +                        e = ((TreeBin<K,V>)e).first;
4883 +                    else
4884 +                        e = null;
4885                  }
4886 <            } finally {
4887 <                seg.unlock();
4886 >                if (stack != null)
4887 >                    recoverState(n);
4888 >                else if ((index = i + baseSize) >= n)
4889 >                    index = ++baseIndex;
4890              }
4891          }
4892 <        s.writeObject(null);
4893 <        s.writeObject(null);
4892 >
4893 >        private void pushState(Node<K,V>[] t, int i, int n) {
4894 >            TableStack<K,V> s = spare;
4895 >            if (s != null)
4896 >                spare = s.next;
4897 >            else
4898 >                s = new TableStack<K,V>();
4899 >            s.tab = t;
4900 >            s.length = n;
4901 >            s.index = i;
4902 >            s.next = stack;
4903 >            stack = s;
4904 >        }
4905 >
4906 >        private void recoverState(int n) {
4907 >            TableStack<K,V> s; int len;
4908 >            while ((s = stack) != null && (index += (len = s.length)) >= n) {
4909 >                n = len;
4910 >                index = s.index;
4911 >                tab = s.tab;
4912 >                s.tab = null;
4913 >                TableStack<K,V> next = s.next;
4914 >                s.next = spare; // save for reuse
4915 >                stack = next;
4916 >                spare = s;
4917 >            }
4918 >            if (s == null && (index += baseSize) >= n)
4919 >                index = ++baseIndex;
4920 >        }
4921      }
4922  
4923 <    /**
4924 <     * Reconstitute the <tt>ConcurrentHashMap</tt> instance from a
4925 <     * stream (i.e., deserialize it).
4926 <     * @param s the stream
4927 <     */
4928 <    private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s)
4929 <        throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException  {
4930 <        s.defaultReadObject();
4923 >    /*
4924 >     * Task classes. Coded in a regular but ugly format/style to
4925 >     * simplify checks that each variant differs in the right way from
4926 >     * others. The null screenings exist because compilers cannot tell
4927 >     * that we've already null-checked task arguments, so we force
4928 >     * simplest hoisted bypass to help avoid convoluted traps.
4929 >     */
4930 >    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
4931 >    static final class ForEachKeyTask<K,V>
4932 >        extends BulkTask<K,V,Void> {
4933 >        final Consumer<? super K> action;
4934 >        ForEachKeyTask
4935 >            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
4936 >             Consumer<? super K> action) {
4937 >            super(p, b, i, f, t);
4938 >            this.action = action;
4939 >        }
4940 >        public final void compute() {
4941 >            final Consumer<? super K> action;
4942 >            if ((action = this.action) != null) {
4943 >                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
4944 >                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
4945 >                    addToPendingCount(1);
4946 >                    new ForEachKeyTask<K,V>
4947 >                        (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
4948 >                         action).fork();
4949 >                }
4950 >                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null;)
4951 >                    action.accept(p.key);
4952 >                propagateCompletion();
4953 >            }
4954 >        }
4955 >    }
4956  
4957 <        // Initialize each segment to be minimally sized, and let grow.
4958 <        for (int i = 0; i < segments.length; ++i) {
4959 <            segments[i].setTable(new HashEntry[1]);
4957 >    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
4958 >    static final class ForEachValueTask<K,V>
4959 >        extends BulkTask<K,V,Void> {
4960 >        final Consumer<? super V> action;
4961 >        ForEachValueTask
4962 >            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
4963 >             Consumer<? super V> action) {
4964 >            super(p, b, i, f, t);
4965 >            this.action = action;
4966 >        }
4967 >        public final void compute() {
4968 >            final Consumer<? super V> action;
4969 >            if ((action = this.action) != null) {
4970 >                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
4971 >                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
4972 >                    addToPendingCount(1);
4973 >                    new ForEachValueTask<K,V>
4974 >                        (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
4975 >                         action).fork();
4976 >                }
4977 >                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null;)
4978 >                    action.accept(p.val);
4979 >                propagateCompletion();
4980 >            }
4981          }
4982 +    }
4983  
4984 <        // Read the keys and values, and put the mappings in the table
4985 <        for (;;) {
4986 <            K key = (K) s.readObject();
4987 <            V value = (V) s.readObject();
4988 <            if (key == null)
4989 <                break;
4990 <            put(key, value);
4984 >    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
4985 >    static final class ForEachEntryTask<K,V>
4986 >        extends BulkTask<K,V,Void> {
4987 >        final Consumer<? super Entry<K,V>> action;
4988 >        ForEachEntryTask
4989 >            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
4990 >             Consumer<? super Entry<K,V>> action) {
4991 >            super(p, b, i, f, t);
4992 >            this.action = action;
4993 >        }
4994 >        public final void compute() {
4995 >            final Consumer<? super Entry<K,V>> action;
4996 >            if ((action = this.action) != null) {
4997 >                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
4998 >                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
4999 >                    addToPendingCount(1);
5000 >                    new ForEachEntryTask<K,V>
5001 >                        (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
5002 >                         action).fork();
5003 >                }
5004 >                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null; )
5005 >                    action.accept(p);
5006 >                propagateCompletion();
5007 >            }
5008 >        }
5009 >    }
5010 >
5011 >    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
5012 >    static final class ForEachMappingTask<K,V>
5013 >        extends BulkTask<K,V,Void> {
5014 >        final BiConsumer<? super K, ? super V> action;
5015 >        ForEachMappingTask
5016 >            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
5017 >             BiConsumer<? super K,? super V> action) {
5018 >            super(p, b, i, f, t);
5019 >            this.action = action;
5020 >        }
5021 >        public final void compute() {
5022 >            final BiConsumer<? super K, ? super V> action;
5023 >            if ((action = this.action) != null) {
5024 >                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
5025 >                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
5026 >                    addToPendingCount(1);
5027 >                    new ForEachMappingTask<K,V>
5028 >                        (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
5029 >                         action).fork();
5030 >                }
5031 >                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null; )
5032 >                    action.accept(p.key, p.val);
5033 >                propagateCompletion();
5034 >            }
5035 >        }
5036 >    }
5037 >
5038 >    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
5039 >    static final class ForEachTransformedKeyTask<K,V,U>
5040 >        extends BulkTask<K,V,Void> {
5041 >        final Function<? super K, ? extends U> transformer;
5042 >        final Consumer<? super U> action;
5043 >        ForEachTransformedKeyTask
5044 >            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
5045 >             Function<? super K, ? extends U> transformer, Consumer<? super U> action) {
5046 >            super(p, b, i, f, t);
5047 >            this.transformer = transformer; this.action = action;
5048 >        }
5049 >        public final void compute() {
5050 >            final Function<? super K, ? extends U> transformer;
5051 >            final Consumer<? super U> action;
5052 >            if ((transformer = this.transformer) != null &&
5053 >                (action = this.action) != null) {
5054 >                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
5055 >                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
5056 >                    addToPendingCount(1);
5057 >                    new ForEachTransformedKeyTask<K,V,U>
5058 >                        (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
5059 >                         transformer, action).fork();
5060 >                }
5061 >                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null; ) {
5062 >                    U u;
5063 >                    if ((u = transformer.apply(p.key)) != null)
5064 >                        action.accept(u);
5065 >                }
5066 >                propagateCompletion();
5067 >            }
5068          }
5069      }
5070 +
5071 +    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
5072 +    static final class ForEachTransformedValueTask<K,V,U>
5073 +        extends BulkTask<K,V,Void> {
5074 +        final Function<? super V, ? extends U> transformer;
5075 +        final Consumer<? super U> action;
5076 +        ForEachTransformedValueTask
5077 +            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
5078 +             Function<? super V, ? extends U> transformer, Consumer<? super U> action) {
5079 +            super(p, b, i, f, t);
5080 +            this.transformer = transformer; this.action = action;
5081 +        }
5082 +        public final void compute() {
5083 +            final Function<? super V, ? extends U> transformer;
5084 +            final Consumer<? super U> action;
5085 +            if ((transformer = this.transformer) != null &&
5086 +                (action = this.action) != null) {
5087 +                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
5088 +                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
5089 +                    addToPendingCount(1);
5090 +                    new ForEachTransformedValueTask<K,V,U>
5091 +                        (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
5092 +                         transformer, action).fork();
5093 +                }
5094 +                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null; ) {
5095 +                    U u;
5096 +                    if ((u = transformer.apply(p.val)) != null)
5097 +                        action.accept(u);
5098 +                }
5099 +                propagateCompletion();
5100 +            }
5101 +        }
5102 +    }
5103 +
5104 +    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
5105 +    static final class ForEachTransformedEntryTask<K,V,U>
5106 +        extends BulkTask<K,V,Void> {
5107 +        final Function<Map.Entry<K,V>, ? extends U> transformer;
5108 +        final Consumer<? super U> action;
5109 +        ForEachTransformedEntryTask
5110 +            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
5111 +             Function<Map.Entry<K,V>, ? extends U> transformer, Consumer<? super U> action) {
5112 +            super(p, b, i, f, t);
5113 +            this.transformer = transformer; this.action = action;
5114 +        }
5115 +        public final void compute() {
5116 +            final Function<Map.Entry<K,V>, ? extends U> transformer;
5117 +            final Consumer<? super U> action;
5118 +            if ((transformer = this.transformer) != null &&
5119 +                (action = this.action) != null) {
5120 +                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
5121 +                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
5122 +                    addToPendingCount(1);
5123 +                    new ForEachTransformedEntryTask<K,V,U>
5124 +                        (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
5125 +                         transformer, action).fork();
5126 +                }
5127 +                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null; ) {
5128 +                    U u;
5129 +                    if ((u = transformer.apply(p)) != null)
5130 +                        action.accept(u);
5131 +                }
5132 +                propagateCompletion();
5133 +            }
5134 +        }
5135 +    }
5136 +
5137 +    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
5138 +    static final class ForEachTransformedMappingTask<K,V,U>
5139 +        extends BulkTask<K,V,Void> {
5140 +        final BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends U> transformer;
5141 +        final Consumer<? super U> action;
5142 +        ForEachTransformedMappingTask
5143 +            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
5144 +             BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends U> transformer,
5145 +             Consumer<? super U> action) {
5146 +            super(p, b, i, f, t);
5147 +            this.transformer = transformer; this.action = action;
5148 +        }
5149 +        public final void compute() {
5150 +            final BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends U> transformer;
5151 +            final Consumer<? super U> action;
5152 +            if ((transformer = this.transformer) != null &&
5153 +                (action = this.action) != null) {
5154 +                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
5155 +                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
5156 +                    addToPendingCount(1);
5157 +                    new ForEachTransformedMappingTask<K,V,U>
5158 +                        (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
5159 +                         transformer, action).fork();
5160 +                }
5161 +                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null; ) {
5162 +                    U u;
5163 +                    if ((u = transformer.apply(p.key, p.val)) != null)
5164 +                        action.accept(u);
5165 +                }
5166 +                propagateCompletion();
5167 +            }
5168 +        }
5169 +    }
5170 +
5171 +    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
5172 +    static final class SearchKeysTask<K,V,U>
5173 +        extends BulkTask<K,V,U> {
5174 +        final Function<? super K, ? extends U> searchFunction;
5175 +        final AtomicReference<U> result;
5176 +        SearchKeysTask
5177 +            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
5178 +             Function<? super K, ? extends U> searchFunction,
5179 +             AtomicReference<U> result) {
5180 +            super(p, b, i, f, t);
5181 +            this.searchFunction = searchFunction; this.result = result;
5182 +        }
5183 +        public final U getRawResult() { return result.get(); }
5184 +        public final void compute() {
5185 +            final Function<? super K, ? extends U> searchFunction;
5186 +            final AtomicReference<U> result;
5187 +            if ((searchFunction = this.searchFunction) != null &&
5188 +                (result = this.result) != null) {
5189 +                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
5190 +                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
5191 +                    if (result.get() != null)
5192 +                        return;
5193 +                    addToPendingCount(1);
5194 +                    new SearchKeysTask<K,V,U>
5195 +                        (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
5196 +                         searchFunction, result).fork();
5197 +                }
5198 +                while (result.get() == null) {
5199 +                    U u;
5200 +                    Node<K,V> p;
5201 +                    if ((p = advance()) == null) {
5202 +                        propagateCompletion();
5203 +                        break;
5204 +                    }
5205 +                    if ((u = searchFunction.apply(p.key)) != null) {
5206 +                        if (result.compareAndSet(null, u))
5207 +                            quietlyCompleteRoot();
5208 +                        break;
5209 +                    }
5210 +                }
5211 +            }
5212 +        }
5213 +    }
5214 +
5215 +    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
5216 +    static final class SearchValuesTask<K,V,U>
5217 +        extends BulkTask<K,V,U> {
5218 +        final Function<? super V, ? extends U> searchFunction;
5219 +        final AtomicReference<U> result;
5220 +        SearchValuesTask
5221 +            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
5222 +             Function<? super V, ? extends U> searchFunction,
5223 +             AtomicReference<U> result) {
5224 +            super(p, b, i, f, t);
5225 +            this.searchFunction = searchFunction; this.result = result;
5226 +        }
5227 +        public final U getRawResult() { return result.get(); }
5228 +        public final void compute() {
5229 +            final Function<? super V, ? extends U> searchFunction;
5230 +            final AtomicReference<U> result;
5231 +            if ((searchFunction = this.searchFunction) != null &&
5232 +                (result = this.result) != null) {
5233 +                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
5234 +                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
5235 +                    if (result.get() != null)
5236 +                        return;
5237 +                    addToPendingCount(1);
5238 +                    new SearchValuesTask<K,V,U>
5239 +                        (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
5240 +                         searchFunction, result).fork();
5241 +                }
5242 +                while (result.get() == null) {
5243 +                    U u;
5244 +                    Node<K,V> p;
5245 +                    if ((p = advance()) == null) {
5246 +                        propagateCompletion();
5247 +                        break;
5248 +                    }
5249 +                    if ((u = searchFunction.apply(p.val)) != null) {
5250 +                        if (result.compareAndSet(null, u))
5251 +                            quietlyCompleteRoot();
5252 +                        break;
5253 +                    }
5254 +                }
5255 +            }
5256 +        }
5257 +    }
5258 +
5259 +    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
5260 +    static final class SearchEntriesTask<K,V,U>
5261 +        extends BulkTask<K,V,U> {
5262 +        final Function<Entry<K,V>, ? extends U> searchFunction;
5263 +        final AtomicReference<U> result;
5264 +        SearchEntriesTask
5265 +            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
5266 +             Function<Entry<K,V>, ? extends U> searchFunction,
5267 +             AtomicReference<U> result) {
5268 +            super(p, b, i, f, t);
5269 +            this.searchFunction = searchFunction; this.result = result;
5270 +        }
5271 +        public final U getRawResult() { return result.get(); }
5272 +        public final void compute() {
5273 +            final Function<Entry<K,V>, ? extends U> searchFunction;
5274 +            final AtomicReference<U> result;
5275 +            if ((searchFunction = this.searchFunction) != null &&
5276 +                (result = this.result) != null) {
5277 +                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
5278 +                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
5279 +                    if (result.get() != null)
5280 +                        return;
5281 +                    addToPendingCount(1);
5282 +                    new SearchEntriesTask<K,V,U>
5283 +                        (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
5284 +                         searchFunction, result).fork();
5285 +                }
5286 +                while (result.get() == null) {
5287 +                    U u;
5288 +                    Node<K,V> p;
5289 +                    if ((p = advance()) == null) {
5290 +                        propagateCompletion();
5291 +                        break;
5292 +                    }
5293 +                    if ((u = searchFunction.apply(p)) != null) {
5294 +                        if (result.compareAndSet(null, u))
5295 +                            quietlyCompleteRoot();
5296 +                        return;
5297 +                    }
5298 +                }
5299 +            }
5300 +        }
5301 +    }
5302 +
5303 +    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
5304 +    static final class SearchMappingsTask<K,V,U>
5305 +        extends BulkTask<K,V,U> {
5306 +        final BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends U> searchFunction;
5307 +        final AtomicReference<U> result;
5308 +        SearchMappingsTask
5309 +            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
5310 +             BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends U> searchFunction,
5311 +             AtomicReference<U> result) {
5312 +            super(p, b, i, f, t);
5313 +            this.searchFunction = searchFunction; this.result = result;
5314 +        }
5315 +        public final U getRawResult() { return result.get(); }
5316 +        public final void compute() {
5317 +            final BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends U> searchFunction;
5318 +            final AtomicReference<U> result;
5319 +            if ((searchFunction = this.searchFunction) != null &&
5320 +                (result = this.result) != null) {
5321 +                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
5322 +                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
5323 +                    if (result.get() != null)
5324 +                        return;
5325 +                    addToPendingCount(1);
5326 +                    new SearchMappingsTask<K,V,U>
5327 +                        (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
5328 +                         searchFunction, result).fork();
5329 +                }
5330 +                while (result.get() == null) {
5331 +                    U u;
5332 +                    Node<K,V> p;
5333 +                    if ((p = advance()) == null) {
5334 +                        propagateCompletion();
5335 +                        break;
5336 +                    }
5337 +                    if ((u = searchFunction.apply(p.key, p.val)) != null) {
5338 +                        if (result.compareAndSet(null, u))
5339 +                            quietlyCompleteRoot();
5340 +                        break;
5341 +                    }
5342 +                }
5343 +            }
5344 +        }
5345 +    }
5346 +
5347 +    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
5348 +    static final class ReduceKeysTask<K,V>
5349 +        extends BulkTask<K,V,K> {
5350 +        final BiFunction<? super K, ? super K, ? extends K> reducer;
5351 +        K result;
5352 +        ReduceKeysTask<K,V> rights, nextRight;
5353 +        ReduceKeysTask
5354 +            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
5355 +             ReduceKeysTask<K,V> nextRight,
5356 +             BiFunction<? super K, ? super K, ? extends K> reducer) {
5357 +            super(p, b, i, f, t); this.nextRight = nextRight;
5358 +            this.reducer = reducer;
5359 +        }
5360 +        public final K getRawResult() { return result; }
5361 +        public final void compute() {
5362 +            final BiFunction<? super K, ? super K, ? extends K> reducer;
5363 +            if ((reducer = this.reducer) != null) {
5364 +                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
5365 +                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
5366 +                    addToPendingCount(1);
5367 +                    (rights = new ReduceKeysTask<K,V>
5368 +                     (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
5369 +                      rights, reducer)).fork();
5370 +                }
5371 +                K r = null;
5372 +                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null; ) {
5373 +                    K u = p.key;
5374 +                    r = (r == null) ? u : u == null ? r : reducer.apply(r, u);
5375 +                }
5376 +                result = r;
5377 +                CountedCompleter<?> c;
5378 +                for (c = firstComplete(); c != null; c = c.nextComplete()) {
5379 +                    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
5380 +                    ReduceKeysTask<K,V>
5381 +                        t = (ReduceKeysTask<K,V>)c,
5382 +                        s = t.rights;
5383 +                    while (s != null) {
5384 +                        K tr, sr;
5385 +                        if ((sr = s.result) != null)
5386 +                            t.result = (((tr = t.result) == null) ? sr :
5387 +                                        reducer.apply(tr, sr));
5388 +                        s = t.rights = s.nextRight;
5389 +                    }
5390 +                }
5391 +            }
5392 +        }
5393 +    }
5394 +
5395 +    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
5396 +    static final class ReduceValuesTask<K,V>
5397 +        extends BulkTask<K,V,V> {
5398 +        final BiFunction<? super V, ? super V, ? extends V> reducer;
5399 +        V result;
5400 +        ReduceValuesTask<K,V> rights, nextRight;
5401 +        ReduceValuesTask
5402 +            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
5403 +             ReduceValuesTask<K,V> nextRight,
5404 +             BiFunction<? super V, ? super V, ? extends V> reducer) {
5405 +            super(p, b, i, f, t); this.nextRight = nextRight;
5406 +            this.reducer = reducer;
5407 +        }
5408 +        public final V getRawResult() { return result; }
5409 +        public final void compute() {
5410 +            final BiFunction<? super V, ? super V, ? extends V> reducer;
5411 +            if ((reducer = this.reducer) != null) {
5412 +                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
5413 +                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
5414 +                    addToPendingCount(1);
5415 +                    (rights = new ReduceValuesTask<K,V>
5416 +                     (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
5417 +                      rights, reducer)).fork();
5418 +                }
5419 +                V r = null;
5420 +                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null; ) {
5421 +                    V v = p.val;
5422 +                    r = (r == null) ? v : reducer.apply(r, v);
5423 +                }
5424 +                result = r;
5425 +                CountedCompleter<?> c;
5426 +                for (c = firstComplete(); c != null; c = c.nextComplete()) {
5427 +                    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
5428 +                    ReduceValuesTask<K,V>
5429 +                        t = (ReduceValuesTask<K,V>)c,
5430 +                        s = t.rights;
5431 +                    while (s != null) {
5432 +                        V tr, sr;
5433 +                        if ((sr = s.result) != null)
5434 +                            t.result = (((tr = t.result) == null) ? sr :
5435 +                                        reducer.apply(tr, sr));
5436 +                        s = t.rights = s.nextRight;
5437 +                    }
5438 +                }
5439 +            }
5440 +        }
5441 +    }
5442 +
5443 +    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
5444 +    static final class ReduceEntriesTask<K,V>
5445 +        extends BulkTask<K,V,Map.Entry<K,V>> {
5446 +        final BiFunction<Map.Entry<K,V>, Map.Entry<K,V>, ? extends Map.Entry<K,V>> reducer;
5447 +        Map.Entry<K,V> result;
5448 +        ReduceEntriesTask<K,V> rights, nextRight;
5449 +        ReduceEntriesTask
5450 +            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
5451 +             ReduceEntriesTask<K,V> nextRight,
5452 +             BiFunction<Entry<K,V>, Map.Entry<K,V>, ? extends Map.Entry<K,V>> reducer) {
5453 +            super(p, b, i, f, t); this.nextRight = nextRight;
5454 +            this.reducer = reducer;
5455 +        }
5456 +        public final Map.Entry<K,V> getRawResult() { return result; }
5457 +        public final void compute() {
5458 +            final BiFunction<Map.Entry<K,V>, Map.Entry<K,V>, ? extends Map.Entry<K,V>> reducer;
5459 +            if ((reducer = this.reducer) != null) {
5460 +                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
5461 +                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
5462 +                    addToPendingCount(1);
5463 +                    (rights = new ReduceEntriesTask<K,V>
5464 +                     (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
5465 +                      rights, reducer)).fork();
5466 +                }
5467 +                Map.Entry<K,V> r = null;
5468 +                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null; )
5469 +                    r = (r == null) ? p : reducer.apply(r, p);
5470 +                result = r;
5471 +                CountedCompleter<?> c;
5472 +                for (c = firstComplete(); c != null; c = c.nextComplete()) {
5473 +                    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
5474 +                    ReduceEntriesTask<K,V>
5475 +                        t = (ReduceEntriesTask<K,V>)c,
5476 +                        s = t.rights;
5477 +                    while (s != null) {
5478 +                        Map.Entry<K,V> tr, sr;
5479 +                        if ((sr = s.result) != null)
5480 +                            t.result = (((tr = t.result) == null) ? sr :
5481 +                                        reducer.apply(tr, sr));
5482 +                        s = t.rights = s.nextRight;
5483 +                    }
5484 +                }
5485 +            }
5486 +        }
5487 +    }
5488 +
5489 +    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
5490 +    static final class MapReduceKeysTask<K,V,U>
5491 +        extends BulkTask<K,V,U> {
5492 +        final Function<? super K, ? extends U> transformer;
5493 +        final BiFunction<? super U, ? super U, ? extends U> reducer;
5494 +        U result;
5495 +        MapReduceKeysTask<K,V,U> rights, nextRight;
5496 +        MapReduceKeysTask
5497 +            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
5498 +             MapReduceKeysTask<K,V,U> nextRight,
5499 +             Function<? super K, ? extends U> transformer,
5500 +             BiFunction<? super U, ? super U, ? extends U> reducer) {
5501 +            super(p, b, i, f, t); this.nextRight = nextRight;
5502 +            this.transformer = transformer;
5503 +            this.reducer = reducer;
5504 +        }
5505 +        public final U getRawResult() { return result; }
5506 +        public final void compute() {
5507 +            final Function<? super K, ? extends U> transformer;
5508 +            final BiFunction<? super U, ? super U, ? extends U> reducer;
5509 +            if ((transformer = this.transformer) != null &&
5510 +                (reducer = this.reducer) != null) {
5511 +                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
5512 +                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
5513 +                    addToPendingCount(1);
5514 +                    (rights = new MapReduceKeysTask<K,V,U>
5515 +                     (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
5516 +                      rights, transformer, reducer)).fork();
5517 +                }
5518 +                U r = null;
5519 +                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null; ) {
5520 +                    U u;
5521 +                    if ((u = transformer.apply(p.key)) != null)
5522 +                        r = (r == null) ? u : reducer.apply(r, u);
5523 +                }
5524 +                result = r;
5525 +                CountedCompleter<?> c;
5526 +                for (c = firstComplete(); c != null; c = c.nextComplete()) {
5527 +                    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
5528 +                    MapReduceKeysTask<K,V,U>
5529 +                        t = (MapReduceKeysTask<K,V,U>)c,
5530 +                        s = t.rights;
5531 +                    while (s != null) {
5532 +                        U tr, sr;
5533 +                        if ((sr = s.result) != null)
5534 +                            t.result = (((tr = t.result) == null) ? sr :
5535 +                                        reducer.apply(tr, sr));
5536 +                        s = t.rights = s.nextRight;
5537 +                    }
5538 +                }
5539 +            }
5540 +        }
5541 +    }
5542 +
5543 +    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
5544 +    static final class MapReduceValuesTask<K,V,U>
5545 +        extends BulkTask<K,V,U> {
5546 +        final Function<? super V, ? extends U> transformer;
5547 +        final BiFunction<? super U, ? super U, ? extends U> reducer;
5548 +        U result;
5549 +        MapReduceValuesTask<K,V,U> rights, nextRight;
5550 +        MapReduceValuesTask
5551 +            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
5552 +             MapReduceValuesTask<K,V,U> nextRight,
5553 +             Function<? super V, ? extends U> transformer,
5554 +             BiFunction<? super U, ? super U, ? extends U> reducer) {
5555 +            super(p, b, i, f, t); this.nextRight = nextRight;
5556 +            this.transformer = transformer;
5557 +            this.reducer = reducer;
5558 +        }
5559 +        public final U getRawResult() { return result; }
5560 +        public final void compute() {
5561 +            final Function<? super V, ? extends U> transformer;
5562 +            final BiFunction<? super U, ? super U, ? extends U> reducer;
5563 +            if ((transformer = this.transformer) != null &&
5564 +                (reducer = this.reducer) != null) {
5565 +                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
5566 +                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
5567 +                    addToPendingCount(1);
5568 +                    (rights = new MapReduceValuesTask<K,V,U>
5569 +                     (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
5570 +                      rights, transformer, reducer)).fork();
5571 +                }
5572 +                U r = null;
5573 +                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null; ) {
5574 +                    U u;
5575 +                    if ((u = transformer.apply(p.val)) != null)
5576 +                        r = (r == null) ? u : reducer.apply(r, u);
5577 +                }
5578 +                result = r;
5579 +                CountedCompleter<?> c;
5580 +                for (c = firstComplete(); c != null; c = c.nextComplete()) {
5581 +                    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
5582 +                    MapReduceValuesTask<K,V,U>
5583 +                        t = (MapReduceValuesTask<K,V,U>)c,
5584 +                        s = t.rights;
5585 +                    while (s != null) {
5586 +                        U tr, sr;
5587 +                        if ((sr = s.result) != null)
5588 +                            t.result = (((tr = t.result) == null) ? sr :
5589 +                                        reducer.apply(tr, sr));
5590 +                        s = t.rights = s.nextRight;
5591 +                    }
5592 +                }
5593 +            }
5594 +        }
5595 +    }
5596 +
5597 +    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
5598 +    static final class MapReduceEntriesTask<K,V,U>
5599 +        extends BulkTask<K,V,U> {
5600 +        final Function<Map.Entry<K,V>, ? extends U> transformer;
5601 +        final BiFunction<? super U, ? super U, ? extends U> reducer;
5602 +        U result;
5603 +        MapReduceEntriesTask<K,V,U> rights, nextRight;
5604 +        MapReduceEntriesTask
5605 +            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
5606 +             MapReduceEntriesTask<K,V,U> nextRight,
5607 +             Function<Map.Entry<K,V>, ? extends U> transformer,
5608 +             BiFunction<? super U, ? super U, ? extends U> reducer) {
5609 +            super(p, b, i, f, t); this.nextRight = nextRight;
5610 +            this.transformer = transformer;
5611 +            this.reducer = reducer;
5612 +        }
5613 +        public final U getRawResult() { return result; }
5614 +        public final void compute() {
5615 +            final Function<Map.Entry<K,V>, ? extends U> transformer;
5616 +            final BiFunction<? super U, ? super U, ? extends U> reducer;
5617 +            if ((transformer = this.transformer) != null &&
5618 +                (reducer = this.reducer) != null) {
5619 +                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
5620 +                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
5621 +                    addToPendingCount(1);
5622 +                    (rights = new MapReduceEntriesTask<K,V,U>
5623 +                     (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
5624 +                      rights, transformer, reducer)).fork();
5625 +                }
5626 +                U r = null;
5627 +                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null; ) {
5628 +                    U u;
5629 +                    if ((u = transformer.apply(p)) != null)
5630 +                        r = (r == null) ? u : reducer.apply(r, u);
5631 +                }
5632 +                result = r;
5633 +                CountedCompleter<?> c;
5634 +                for (c = firstComplete(); c != null; c = c.nextComplete()) {
5635 +                    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
5636 +                    MapReduceEntriesTask<K,V,U>
5637 +                        t = (MapReduceEntriesTask<K,V,U>)c,
5638 +                        s = t.rights;
5639 +                    while (s != null) {
5640 +                        U tr, sr;
5641 +                        if ((sr = s.result) != null)
5642 +                            t.result = (((tr = t.result) == null) ? sr :
5643 +                                        reducer.apply(tr, sr));
5644 +                        s = t.rights = s.nextRight;
5645 +                    }
5646 +                }
5647 +            }
5648 +        }
5649 +    }
5650 +
5651 +    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
5652 +    static final class MapReduceMappingsTask<K,V,U>
5653 +        extends BulkTask<K,V,U> {
5654 +        final BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends U> transformer;
5655 +        final BiFunction<? super U, ? super U, ? extends U> reducer;
5656 +        U result;
5657 +        MapReduceMappingsTask<K,V,U> rights, nextRight;
5658 +        MapReduceMappingsTask
5659 +            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
5660 +             MapReduceMappingsTask<K,V,U> nextRight,
5661 +             BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends U> transformer,
5662 +             BiFunction<? super U, ? super U, ? extends U> reducer) {
5663 +            super(p, b, i, f, t); this.nextRight = nextRight;
5664 +            this.transformer = transformer;
5665 +            this.reducer = reducer;
5666 +        }
5667 +        public final U getRawResult() { return result; }
5668 +        public final void compute() {
5669 +            final BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends U> transformer;
5670 +            final BiFunction<? super U, ? super U, ? extends U> reducer;
5671 +            if ((transformer = this.transformer) != null &&
5672 +                (reducer = this.reducer) != null) {
5673 +                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
5674 +                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
5675 +                    addToPendingCount(1);
5676 +                    (rights = new MapReduceMappingsTask<K,V,U>
5677 +                     (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
5678 +                      rights, transformer, reducer)).fork();
5679 +                }
5680 +                U r = null;
5681 +                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null; ) {
5682 +                    U u;
5683 +                    if ((u = transformer.apply(p.key, p.val)) != null)
5684 +                        r = (r == null) ? u : reducer.apply(r, u);
5685 +                }
5686 +                result = r;
5687 +                CountedCompleter<?> c;
5688 +                for (c = firstComplete(); c != null; c = c.nextComplete()) {
5689 +                    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
5690 +                    MapReduceMappingsTask<K,V,U>
5691 +                        t = (MapReduceMappingsTask<K,V,U>)c,
5692 +                        s = t.rights;
5693 +                    while (s != null) {
5694 +                        U tr, sr;
5695 +                        if ((sr = s.result) != null)
5696 +                            t.result = (((tr = t.result) == null) ? sr :
5697 +                                        reducer.apply(tr, sr));
5698 +                        s = t.rights = s.nextRight;
5699 +                    }
5700 +                }
5701 +            }
5702 +        }
5703 +    }
5704 +
5705 +    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
5706 +    static final class MapReduceKeysToDoubleTask<K,V>
5707 +        extends BulkTask<K,V,Double> {
5708 +        final ToDoubleFunction<? super K> transformer;
5709 +        final DoubleBinaryOperator reducer;
5710 +        final double basis;
5711 +        double result;
5712 +        MapReduceKeysToDoubleTask<K,V> rights, nextRight;
5713 +        MapReduceKeysToDoubleTask
5714 +            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
5715 +             MapReduceKeysToDoubleTask<K,V> nextRight,
5716 +             ToDoubleFunction<? super K> transformer,
5717 +             double basis,
5718 +             DoubleBinaryOperator reducer) {
5719 +            super(p, b, i, f, t); this.nextRight = nextRight;
5720 +            this.transformer = transformer;
5721 +            this.basis = basis; this.reducer = reducer;
5722 +        }
5723 +        public final Double getRawResult() { return result; }
5724 +        public final void compute() {
5725 +            final ToDoubleFunction<? super K> transformer;
5726 +            final DoubleBinaryOperator reducer;
5727 +            if ((transformer = this.transformer) != null &&
5728 +                (reducer = this.reducer) != null) {
5729 +                double r = this.basis;
5730 +                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
5731 +                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
5732 +                    addToPendingCount(1);
5733 +                    (rights = new MapReduceKeysToDoubleTask<K,V>
5734 +                     (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
5735 +                      rights, transformer, r, reducer)).fork();
5736 +                }
5737 +                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null; )
5738 +                    r = reducer.applyAsDouble(r, transformer.applyAsDouble(p.key));
5739 +                result = r;
5740 +                CountedCompleter<?> c;
5741 +                for (c = firstComplete(); c != null; c = c.nextComplete()) {
5742 +                    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
5743 +                    MapReduceKeysToDoubleTask<K,V>
5744 +                        t = (MapReduceKeysToDoubleTask<K,V>)c,
5745 +                        s = t.rights;
5746 +                    while (s != null) {
5747 +                        t.result = reducer.applyAsDouble(t.result, s.result);
5748 +                        s = t.rights = s.nextRight;
5749 +                    }
5750 +                }
5751 +            }
5752 +        }
5753 +    }
5754 +
5755 +    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
5756 +    static final class MapReduceValuesToDoubleTask<K,V>
5757 +        extends BulkTask<K,V,Double> {
5758 +        final ToDoubleFunction<? super V> transformer;
5759 +        final DoubleBinaryOperator reducer;
5760 +        final double basis;
5761 +        double result;
5762 +        MapReduceValuesToDoubleTask<K,V> rights, nextRight;
5763 +        MapReduceValuesToDoubleTask
5764 +            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
5765 +             MapReduceValuesToDoubleTask<K,V> nextRight,
5766 +             ToDoubleFunction<? super V> transformer,
5767 +             double basis,
5768 +             DoubleBinaryOperator reducer) {
5769 +            super(p, b, i, f, t); this.nextRight = nextRight;
5770 +            this.transformer = transformer;
5771 +            this.basis = basis; this.reducer = reducer;
5772 +        }
5773 +        public final Double getRawResult() { return result; }
5774 +        public final void compute() {
5775 +            final ToDoubleFunction<? super V> transformer;
5776 +            final DoubleBinaryOperator reducer;
5777 +            if ((transformer = this.transformer) != null &&
5778 +                (reducer = this.reducer) != null) {
5779 +                double r = this.basis;
5780 +                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
5781 +                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
5782 +                    addToPendingCount(1);
5783 +                    (rights = new MapReduceValuesToDoubleTask<K,V>
5784 +                     (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
5785 +                      rights, transformer, r, reducer)).fork();
5786 +                }
5787 +                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null; )
5788 +                    r = reducer.applyAsDouble(r, transformer.applyAsDouble(p.val));
5789 +                result = r;
5790 +                CountedCompleter<?> c;
5791 +                for (c = firstComplete(); c != null; c = c.nextComplete()) {
5792 +                    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
5793 +                    MapReduceValuesToDoubleTask<K,V>
5794 +                        t = (MapReduceValuesToDoubleTask<K,V>)c,
5795 +                        s = t.rights;
5796 +                    while (s != null) {
5797 +                        t.result = reducer.applyAsDouble(t.result, s.result);
5798 +                        s = t.rights = s.nextRight;
5799 +                    }
5800 +                }
5801 +            }
5802 +        }
5803 +    }
5804 +
5805 +    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
5806 +    static final class MapReduceEntriesToDoubleTask<K,V>
5807 +        extends BulkTask<K,V,Double> {
5808 +        final ToDoubleFunction<Map.Entry<K,V>> transformer;
5809 +        final DoubleBinaryOperator reducer;
5810 +        final double basis;
5811 +        double result;
5812 +        MapReduceEntriesToDoubleTask<K,V> rights, nextRight;
5813 +        MapReduceEntriesToDoubleTask
5814 +            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
5815 +             MapReduceEntriesToDoubleTask<K,V> nextRight,
5816 +             ToDoubleFunction<Map.Entry<K,V>> transformer,
5817 +             double basis,
5818 +             DoubleBinaryOperator reducer) {
5819 +            super(p, b, i, f, t); this.nextRight = nextRight;
5820 +            this.transformer = transformer;
5821 +            this.basis = basis; this.reducer = reducer;
5822 +        }
5823 +        public final Double getRawResult() { return result; }
5824 +        public final void compute() {
5825 +            final ToDoubleFunction<Map.Entry<K,V>> transformer;
5826 +            final DoubleBinaryOperator reducer;
5827 +            if ((transformer = this.transformer) != null &&
5828 +                (reducer = this.reducer) != null) {
5829 +                double r = this.basis;
5830 +                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
5831 +                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
5832 +                    addToPendingCount(1);
5833 +                    (rights = new MapReduceEntriesToDoubleTask<K,V>
5834 +                     (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
5835 +                      rights, transformer, r, reducer)).fork();
5836 +                }
5837 +                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null; )
5838 +                    r = reducer.applyAsDouble(r, transformer.applyAsDouble(p));
5839 +                result = r;
5840 +                CountedCompleter<?> c;
5841 +                for (c = firstComplete(); c != null; c = c.nextComplete()) {
5842 +                    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
5843 +                    MapReduceEntriesToDoubleTask<K,V>
5844 +                        t = (MapReduceEntriesToDoubleTask<K,V>)c,
5845 +                        s = t.rights;
5846 +                    while (s != null) {
5847 +                        t.result = reducer.applyAsDouble(t.result, s.result);
5848 +                        s = t.rights = s.nextRight;
5849 +                    }
5850 +                }
5851 +            }
5852 +        }
5853 +    }
5854 +
5855 +    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
5856 +    static final class MapReduceMappingsToDoubleTask<K,V>
5857 +        extends BulkTask<K,V,Double> {
5858 +        final ToDoubleBiFunction<? super K, ? super V> transformer;
5859 +        final DoubleBinaryOperator reducer;
5860 +        final double basis;
5861 +        double result;
5862 +        MapReduceMappingsToDoubleTask<K,V> rights, nextRight;
5863 +        MapReduceMappingsToDoubleTask
5864 +            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
5865 +             MapReduceMappingsToDoubleTask<K,V> nextRight,
5866 +             ToDoubleBiFunction<? super K, ? super V> transformer,
5867 +             double basis,
5868 +             DoubleBinaryOperator reducer) {
5869 +            super(p, b, i, f, t); this.nextRight = nextRight;
5870 +            this.transformer = transformer;
5871 +            this.basis = basis; this.reducer = reducer;
5872 +        }
5873 +        public final Double getRawResult() { return result; }
5874 +        public final void compute() {
5875 +            final ToDoubleBiFunction<? super K, ? super V> transformer;
5876 +            final DoubleBinaryOperator reducer;
5877 +            if ((transformer = this.transformer) != null &&
5878 +                (reducer = this.reducer) != null) {
5879 +                double r = this.basis;
5880 +                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
5881 +                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
5882 +                    addToPendingCount(1);
5883 +                    (rights = new MapReduceMappingsToDoubleTask<K,V>
5884 +                     (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
5885 +                      rights, transformer, r, reducer)).fork();
5886 +                }
5887 +                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null; )
5888 +                    r = reducer.applyAsDouble(r, transformer.applyAsDouble(p.key, p.val));
5889 +                result = r;
5890 +                CountedCompleter<?> c;
5891 +                for (c = firstComplete(); c != null; c = c.nextComplete()) {
5892 +                    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
5893 +                    MapReduceMappingsToDoubleTask<K,V>
5894 +                        t = (MapReduceMappingsToDoubleTask<K,V>)c,
5895 +                        s = t.rights;
5896 +                    while (s != null) {
5897 +                        t.result = reducer.applyAsDouble(t.result, s.result);
5898 +                        s = t.rights = s.nextRight;
5899 +                    }
5900 +                }
5901 +            }
5902 +        }
5903 +    }
5904 +
5905 +    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
5906 +    static final class MapReduceKeysToLongTask<K,V>
5907 +        extends BulkTask<K,V,Long> {
5908 +        final ToLongFunction<? super K> transformer;
5909 +        final LongBinaryOperator reducer;
5910 +        final long basis;
5911 +        long result;
5912 +        MapReduceKeysToLongTask<K,V> rights, nextRight;
5913 +        MapReduceKeysToLongTask
5914 +            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
5915 +             MapReduceKeysToLongTask<K,V> nextRight,
5916 +             ToLongFunction<? super K> transformer,
5917 +             long basis,
5918 +             LongBinaryOperator reducer) {
5919 +            super(p, b, i, f, t); this.nextRight = nextRight;
5920 +            this.transformer = transformer;
5921 +            this.basis = basis; this.reducer = reducer;
5922 +        }
5923 +        public final Long getRawResult() { return result; }
5924 +        public final void compute() {
5925 +            final ToLongFunction<? super K> transformer;
5926 +            final LongBinaryOperator reducer;
5927 +            if ((transformer = this.transformer) != null &&
5928 +                (reducer = this.reducer) != null) {
5929 +                long r = this.basis;
5930 +                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
5931 +                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
5932 +                    addToPendingCount(1);
5933 +                    (rights = new MapReduceKeysToLongTask<K,V>
5934 +                     (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
5935 +                      rights, transformer, r, reducer)).fork();
5936 +                }
5937 +                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null; )
5938 +                    r = reducer.applyAsLong(r, transformer.applyAsLong(p.key));
5939 +                result = r;
5940 +                CountedCompleter<?> c;
5941 +                for (c = firstComplete(); c != null; c = c.nextComplete()) {
5942 +                    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
5943 +                    MapReduceKeysToLongTask<K,V>
5944 +                        t = (MapReduceKeysToLongTask<K,V>)c,
5945 +                        s = t.rights;
5946 +                    while (s != null) {
5947 +                        t.result = reducer.applyAsLong(t.result, s.result);
5948 +                        s = t.rights = s.nextRight;
5949 +                    }
5950 +                }
5951 +            }
5952 +        }
5953 +    }
5954 +
5955 +    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
5956 +    static final class MapReduceValuesToLongTask<K,V>
5957 +        extends BulkTask<K,V,Long> {
5958 +        final ToLongFunction<? super V> transformer;
5959 +        final LongBinaryOperator reducer;
5960 +        final long basis;
5961 +        long result;
5962 +        MapReduceValuesToLongTask<K,V> rights, nextRight;
5963 +        MapReduceValuesToLongTask
5964 +            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
5965 +             MapReduceValuesToLongTask<K,V> nextRight,
5966 +             ToLongFunction<? super V> transformer,
5967 +             long basis,
5968 +             LongBinaryOperator reducer) {
5969 +            super(p, b, i, f, t); this.nextRight = nextRight;
5970 +            this.transformer = transformer;
5971 +            this.basis = basis; this.reducer = reducer;
5972 +        }
5973 +        public final Long getRawResult() { return result; }
5974 +        public final void compute() {
5975 +            final ToLongFunction<? super V> transformer;
5976 +            final LongBinaryOperator reducer;
5977 +            if ((transformer = this.transformer) != null &&
5978 +                (reducer = this.reducer) != null) {
5979 +                long r = this.basis;
5980 +                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
5981 +                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
5982 +                    addToPendingCount(1);
5983 +                    (rights = new MapReduceValuesToLongTask<K,V>
5984 +                     (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
5985 +                      rights, transformer, r, reducer)).fork();
5986 +                }
5987 +                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null; )
5988 +                    r = reducer.applyAsLong(r, transformer.applyAsLong(p.val));
5989 +                result = r;
5990 +                CountedCompleter<?> c;
5991 +                for (c = firstComplete(); c != null; c = c.nextComplete()) {
5992 +                    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
5993 +                    MapReduceValuesToLongTask<K,V>
5994 +                        t = (MapReduceValuesToLongTask<K,V>)c,
5995 +                        s = t.rights;
5996 +                    while (s != null) {
5997 +                        t.result = reducer.applyAsLong(t.result, s.result);
5998 +                        s = t.rights = s.nextRight;
5999 +                    }
6000 +                }
6001 +            }
6002 +        }
6003 +    }
6004 +
6005 +    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
6006 +    static final class MapReduceEntriesToLongTask<K,V>
6007 +        extends BulkTask<K,V,Long> {
6008 +        final ToLongFunction<Map.Entry<K,V>> transformer;
6009 +        final LongBinaryOperator reducer;
6010 +        final long basis;
6011 +        long result;
6012 +        MapReduceEntriesToLongTask<K,V> rights, nextRight;
6013 +        MapReduceEntriesToLongTask
6014 +            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
6015 +             MapReduceEntriesToLongTask<K,V> nextRight,
6016 +             ToLongFunction<Map.Entry<K,V>> transformer,
6017 +             long basis,
6018 +             LongBinaryOperator reducer) {
6019 +            super(p, b, i, f, t); this.nextRight = nextRight;
6020 +            this.transformer = transformer;
6021 +            this.basis = basis; this.reducer = reducer;
6022 +        }
6023 +        public final Long getRawResult() { return result; }
6024 +        public final void compute() {
6025 +            final ToLongFunction<Map.Entry<K,V>> transformer;
6026 +            final LongBinaryOperator reducer;
6027 +            if ((transformer = this.transformer) != null &&
6028 +                (reducer = this.reducer) != null) {
6029 +                long r = this.basis;
6030 +                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
6031 +                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
6032 +                    addToPendingCount(1);
6033 +                    (rights = new MapReduceEntriesToLongTask<K,V>
6034 +                     (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
6035 +                      rights, transformer, r, reducer)).fork();
6036 +                }
6037 +                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null; )
6038 +                    r = reducer.applyAsLong(r, transformer.applyAsLong(p));
6039 +                result = r;
6040 +                CountedCompleter<?> c;
6041 +                for (c = firstComplete(); c != null; c = c.nextComplete()) {
6042 +                    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
6043 +                    MapReduceEntriesToLongTask<K,V>
6044 +                        t = (MapReduceEntriesToLongTask<K,V>)c,
6045 +                        s = t.rights;
6046 +                    while (s != null) {
6047 +                        t.result = reducer.applyAsLong(t.result, s.result);
6048 +                        s = t.rights = s.nextRight;
6049 +                    }
6050 +                }
6051 +            }
6052 +        }
6053 +    }
6054 +
6055 +    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
6056 +    static final class MapReduceMappingsToLongTask<K,V>
6057 +        extends BulkTask<K,V,Long> {
6058 +        final ToLongBiFunction<? super K, ? super V> transformer;
6059 +        final LongBinaryOperator reducer;
6060 +        final long basis;
6061 +        long result;
6062 +        MapReduceMappingsToLongTask<K,V> rights, nextRight;
6063 +        MapReduceMappingsToLongTask
6064 +            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
6065 +             MapReduceMappingsToLongTask<K,V> nextRight,
6066 +             ToLongBiFunction<? super K, ? super V> transformer,
6067 +             long basis,
6068 +             LongBinaryOperator reducer) {
6069 +            super(p, b, i, f, t); this.nextRight = nextRight;
6070 +            this.transformer = transformer;
6071 +            this.basis = basis; this.reducer = reducer;
6072 +        }
6073 +        public final Long getRawResult() { return result; }
6074 +        public final void compute() {
6075 +            final ToLongBiFunction<? super K, ? super V> transformer;
6076 +            final LongBinaryOperator reducer;
6077 +            if ((transformer = this.transformer) != null &&
6078 +                (reducer = this.reducer) != null) {
6079 +                long r = this.basis;
6080 +                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
6081 +                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
6082 +                    addToPendingCount(1);
6083 +                    (rights = new MapReduceMappingsToLongTask<K,V>
6084 +                     (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
6085 +                      rights, transformer, r, reducer)).fork();
6086 +                }
6087 +                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null; )
6088 +                    r = reducer.applyAsLong(r, transformer.applyAsLong(p.key, p.val));
6089 +                result = r;
6090 +                CountedCompleter<?> c;
6091 +                for (c = firstComplete(); c != null; c = c.nextComplete()) {
6092 +                    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
6093 +                    MapReduceMappingsToLongTask<K,V>
6094 +                        t = (MapReduceMappingsToLongTask<K,V>)c,
6095 +                        s = t.rights;
6096 +                    while (s != null) {
6097 +                        t.result = reducer.applyAsLong(t.result, s.result);
6098 +                        s = t.rights = s.nextRight;
6099 +                    }
6100 +                }
6101 +            }
6102 +        }
6103 +    }
6104 +
6105 +    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
6106 +    static final class MapReduceKeysToIntTask<K,V>
6107 +        extends BulkTask<K,V,Integer> {
6108 +        final ToIntFunction<? super K> transformer;
6109 +        final IntBinaryOperator reducer;
6110 +        final int basis;
6111 +        int result;
6112 +        MapReduceKeysToIntTask<K,V> rights, nextRight;
6113 +        MapReduceKeysToIntTask
6114 +            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
6115 +             MapReduceKeysToIntTask<K,V> nextRight,
6116 +             ToIntFunction<? super K> transformer,
6117 +             int basis,
6118 +             IntBinaryOperator reducer) {
6119 +            super(p, b, i, f, t); this.nextRight = nextRight;
6120 +            this.transformer = transformer;
6121 +            this.basis = basis; this.reducer = reducer;
6122 +        }
6123 +        public final Integer getRawResult() { return result; }
6124 +        public final void compute() {
6125 +            final ToIntFunction<? super K> transformer;
6126 +            final IntBinaryOperator reducer;
6127 +            if ((transformer = this.transformer) != null &&
6128 +                (reducer = this.reducer) != null) {
6129 +                int r = this.basis;
6130 +                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
6131 +                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
6132 +                    addToPendingCount(1);
6133 +                    (rights = new MapReduceKeysToIntTask<K,V>
6134 +                     (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
6135 +                      rights, transformer, r, reducer)).fork();
6136 +                }
6137 +                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null; )
6138 +                    r = reducer.applyAsInt(r, transformer.applyAsInt(p.key));
6139 +                result = r;
6140 +                CountedCompleter<?> c;
6141 +                for (c = firstComplete(); c != null; c = c.nextComplete()) {
6142 +                    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
6143 +                    MapReduceKeysToIntTask<K,V>
6144 +                        t = (MapReduceKeysToIntTask<K,V>)c,
6145 +                        s = t.rights;
6146 +                    while (s != null) {
6147 +                        t.result = reducer.applyAsInt(t.result, s.result);
6148 +                        s = t.rights = s.nextRight;
6149 +                    }
6150 +                }
6151 +            }
6152 +        }
6153 +    }
6154 +
6155 +    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
6156 +    static final class MapReduceValuesToIntTask<K,V>
6157 +        extends BulkTask<K,V,Integer> {
6158 +        final ToIntFunction<? super V> transformer;
6159 +        final IntBinaryOperator reducer;
6160 +        final int basis;
6161 +        int result;
6162 +        MapReduceValuesToIntTask<K,V> rights, nextRight;
6163 +        MapReduceValuesToIntTask
6164 +            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
6165 +             MapReduceValuesToIntTask<K,V> nextRight,
6166 +             ToIntFunction<? super V> transformer,
6167 +             int basis,
6168 +             IntBinaryOperator reducer) {
6169 +            super(p, b, i, f, t); this.nextRight = nextRight;
6170 +            this.transformer = transformer;
6171 +            this.basis = basis; this.reducer = reducer;
6172 +        }
6173 +        public final Integer getRawResult() { return result; }
6174 +        public final void compute() {
6175 +            final ToIntFunction<? super V> transformer;
6176 +            final IntBinaryOperator reducer;
6177 +            if ((transformer = this.transformer) != null &&
6178 +                (reducer = this.reducer) != null) {
6179 +                int r = this.basis;
6180 +                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
6181 +                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
6182 +                    addToPendingCount(1);
6183 +                    (rights = new MapReduceValuesToIntTask<K,V>
6184 +                     (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
6185 +                      rights, transformer, r, reducer)).fork();
6186 +                }
6187 +                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null; )
6188 +                    r = reducer.applyAsInt(r, transformer.applyAsInt(p.val));
6189 +                result = r;
6190 +                CountedCompleter<?> c;
6191 +                for (c = firstComplete(); c != null; c = c.nextComplete()) {
6192 +                    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
6193 +                    MapReduceValuesToIntTask<K,V>
6194 +                        t = (MapReduceValuesToIntTask<K,V>)c,
6195 +                        s = t.rights;
6196 +                    while (s != null) {
6197 +                        t.result = reducer.applyAsInt(t.result, s.result);
6198 +                        s = t.rights = s.nextRight;
6199 +                    }
6200 +                }
6201 +            }
6202 +        }
6203 +    }
6204 +
6205 +    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
6206 +    static final class MapReduceEntriesToIntTask<K,V>
6207 +        extends BulkTask<K,V,Integer> {
6208 +        final ToIntFunction<Map.Entry<K,V>> transformer;
6209 +        final IntBinaryOperator reducer;
6210 +        final int basis;
6211 +        int result;
6212 +        MapReduceEntriesToIntTask<K,V> rights, nextRight;
6213 +        MapReduceEntriesToIntTask
6214 +            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
6215 +             MapReduceEntriesToIntTask<K,V> nextRight,
6216 +             ToIntFunction<Map.Entry<K,V>> transformer,
6217 +             int basis,
6218 +             IntBinaryOperator reducer) {
6219 +            super(p, b, i, f, t); this.nextRight = nextRight;
6220 +            this.transformer = transformer;
6221 +            this.basis = basis; this.reducer = reducer;
6222 +        }
6223 +        public final Integer getRawResult() { return result; }
6224 +        public final void compute() {
6225 +            final ToIntFunction<Map.Entry<K,V>> transformer;
6226 +            final IntBinaryOperator reducer;
6227 +            if ((transformer = this.transformer) != null &&
6228 +                (reducer = this.reducer) != null) {
6229 +                int r = this.basis;
6230 +                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
6231 +                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
6232 +                    addToPendingCount(1);
6233 +                    (rights = new MapReduceEntriesToIntTask<K,V>
6234 +                     (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
6235 +                      rights, transformer, r, reducer)).fork();
6236 +                }
6237 +                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null; )
6238 +                    r = reducer.applyAsInt(r, transformer.applyAsInt(p));
6239 +                result = r;
6240 +                CountedCompleter<?> c;
6241 +                for (c = firstComplete(); c != null; c = c.nextComplete()) {
6242 +                    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
6243 +                    MapReduceEntriesToIntTask<K,V>
6244 +                        t = (MapReduceEntriesToIntTask<K,V>)c,
6245 +                        s = t.rights;
6246 +                    while (s != null) {
6247 +                        t.result = reducer.applyAsInt(t.result, s.result);
6248 +                        s = t.rights = s.nextRight;
6249 +                    }
6250 +                }
6251 +            }
6252 +        }
6253 +    }
6254 +
6255 +    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
6256 +    static final class MapReduceMappingsToIntTask<K,V>
6257 +        extends BulkTask<K,V,Integer> {
6258 +        final ToIntBiFunction<? super K, ? super V> transformer;
6259 +        final IntBinaryOperator reducer;
6260 +        final int basis;
6261 +        int result;
6262 +        MapReduceMappingsToIntTask<K,V> rights, nextRight;
6263 +        MapReduceMappingsToIntTask
6264 +            (BulkTask<K,V,?> p, int b, int i, int f, Node<K,V>[] t,
6265 +             MapReduceMappingsToIntTask<K,V> nextRight,
6266 +             ToIntBiFunction<? super K, ? super V> transformer,
6267 +             int basis,
6268 +             IntBinaryOperator reducer) {
6269 +            super(p, b, i, f, t); this.nextRight = nextRight;
6270 +            this.transformer = transformer;
6271 +            this.basis = basis; this.reducer = reducer;
6272 +        }
6273 +        public final Integer getRawResult() { return result; }
6274 +        public final void compute() {
6275 +            final ToIntBiFunction<? super K, ? super V> transformer;
6276 +            final IntBinaryOperator reducer;
6277 +            if ((transformer = this.transformer) != null &&
6278 +                (reducer = this.reducer) != null) {
6279 +                int r = this.basis;
6280 +                for (int i = baseIndex, f, h; batch > 0 &&
6281 +                         (h = ((f = baseLimit) + i) >>> 1) > i;) {
6282 +                    addToPendingCount(1);
6283 +                    (rights = new MapReduceMappingsToIntTask<K,V>
6284 +                     (this, batch >>>= 1, baseLimit = h, f, tab,
6285 +                      rights, transformer, r, reducer)).fork();
6286 +                }
6287 +                for (Node<K,V> p; (p = advance()) != null; )
6288 +                    r = reducer.applyAsInt(r, transformer.applyAsInt(p.key, p.val));
6289 +                result = r;
6290 +                CountedCompleter<?> c;
6291 +                for (c = firstComplete(); c != null; c = c.nextComplete()) {
6292 +                    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
6293 +                    MapReduceMappingsToIntTask<K,V>
6294 +                        t = (MapReduceMappingsToIntTask<K,V>)c,
6295 +                        s = t.rights;
6296 +                    while (s != null) {
6297 +                        t.result = reducer.applyAsInt(t.result, s.result);
6298 +                        s = t.rights = s.nextRight;
6299 +                    }
6300 +                }
6301 +            }
6302 +        }
6303 +    }
6304 +
6305 +    // Unsafe mechanics
6306 +    private static final sun.misc.Unsafe U = sun.misc.Unsafe.getUnsafe();
6307 +    private static final long SIZECTL;
6308 +    private static final long TRANSFERINDEX;
6309 +    private static final long BASECOUNT;
6310 +    private static final long CELLSBUSY;
6311 +    private static final long CELLVALUE;
6312 +    private static final int ABASE;
6313 +    private static final int ASHIFT;
6314 +
6315 +    static {
6316 +        try {
6317 +            SIZECTL = U.objectFieldOffset
6318 +                (ConcurrentHashMap.class.getDeclaredField("sizeCtl"));
6319 +            TRANSFERINDEX = U.objectFieldOffset
6320 +                (ConcurrentHashMap.class.getDeclaredField("transferIndex"));
6321 +            BASECOUNT = U.objectFieldOffset
6322 +                (ConcurrentHashMap.class.getDeclaredField("baseCount"));
6323 +            CELLSBUSY = U.objectFieldOffset
6324 +                (ConcurrentHashMap.class.getDeclaredField("cellsBusy"));
6325 +
6326 +            CELLVALUE = U.objectFieldOffset
6327 +                (CounterCell.class.getDeclaredField("value"));
6328 +
6329 +            ABASE = U.arrayBaseOffset(Node[].class);
6330 +            int scale = U.arrayIndexScale(Node[].class);
6331 +            if ((scale & (scale - 1)) != 0)
6332 +                throw new Error("array index scale not a power of two");
6333 +            ASHIFT = 31 - Integer.numberOfLeadingZeros(scale);
6334 +        } catch (ReflectiveOperationException e) {
6335 +            throw new Error(e);
6336 +        }
6337 +
6338 +        // Reduce the risk of rare disastrous classloading in first call to
6339 +        // LockSupport.park: https://bugs.openjdk.java.net/browse/JDK-8074773
6340 +        Class<?> ensureLoaded = LockSupport.class;
6341 +    }
6342   }

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