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/* |
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* Written by Doug Lea with assistance from members of JCP JSR-166 |
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* Expert Group and released to the public domain, as explained at |
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* http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ |
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*/ |
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|
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package java.util.concurrent; |
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|
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import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS; |
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|
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import java.util.AbstractQueue; |
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import java.util.Collection; |
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import java.util.Iterator; |
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import java.util.NoSuchElementException; |
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import java.util.PriorityQueue; |
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import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition; |
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import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock; |
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|
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/** |
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* An unbounded {@linkplain BlockingQueue blocking queue} of |
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* {@code Delayed} elements, in which an element can only be taken |
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* when its delay has expired. The <em>head</em> of the queue is that |
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* {@code Delayed} element whose delay expired furthest in the |
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* past. If no delay has expired there is no head and {@code poll} |
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* will return {@code null}. Expiration occurs when an element's |
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* {@code getDelay(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)} method returns a value less |
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* than or equal to zero. Even though unexpired elements cannot be |
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* removed using {@code take} or {@code poll}, they are otherwise |
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* treated as normal elements. For example, the {@code size} method |
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* returns the count of both expired and unexpired elements. |
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* This queue does not permit null elements. |
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* |
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* <p>This class and its iterator implement all of the |
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* <em>optional</em> methods of the {@link Collection} and {@link |
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* Iterator} interfaces. The Iterator provided in method {@link |
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* #iterator()} is <em>not</em> guaranteed to traverse the elements of |
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* the DelayQueue in any particular order. |
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* |
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* <p>This class is a member of the |
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* <a href="{@docRoot}/../technotes/guides/collections/index.html"> |
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* Java Collections Framework</a>. |
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* |
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* @since 1.5 |
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* @author Doug Lea |
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* @param <E> the type of elements held in this queue |
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*/ |
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public class DelayQueue<E extends Delayed> extends AbstractQueue<E> |
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implements BlockingQueue<E> { |
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|
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private final transient ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock(); |
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private final PriorityQueue<E> q = new PriorityQueue<E>(); |
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|
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/** |
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* Thread designated to wait for the element at the head of |
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* the queue. This variant of the Leader-Follower pattern |
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* (http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~schmidt/POSA/POSA2/) serves to |
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* minimize unnecessary timed waiting. When a thread becomes |
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* the leader, it waits only for the next delay to elapse, but |
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* other threads await indefinitely. The leader thread must |
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* signal some other thread before returning from take() or |
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* poll(...), unless some other thread becomes leader in the |
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* interim. Whenever the head of the queue is replaced with |
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* an element with an earlier expiration time, the leader |
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* field is invalidated by being reset to null, and some |
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* waiting thread, but not necessarily the current leader, is |
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* signalled. So waiting threads must be prepared to acquire |
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* and lose leadership while waiting. |
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*/ |
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private Thread leader; |
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|
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/** |
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* Condition signalled when a newer element becomes available |
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* at the head of the queue or a new thread may need to |
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* become leader. |
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*/ |
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private final Condition available = lock.newCondition(); |
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|
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/** |
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* Creates a new {@code DelayQueue} that is initially empty. |
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*/ |
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public DelayQueue() {} |
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|
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/** |
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* Creates a {@code DelayQueue} initially containing the elements of the |
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* given collection of {@link Delayed} instances. |
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* |
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* @param c the collection of elements to initially contain |
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* @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection or any |
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* of its elements are null |
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*/ |
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public DelayQueue(Collection<? extends E> c) { |
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this.addAll(c); |
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} |
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|
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/** |
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* Inserts the specified element into this delay queue. |
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* |
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* @param e the element to add |
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* @return {@code true} (as specified by {@link Collection#add}) |
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* @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null |
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*/ |
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public boolean add(E e) { |
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return offer(e); |
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} |
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|
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/** |
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* Inserts the specified element into this delay queue. |
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* |
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* @param e the element to add |
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* @return {@code true} |
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* @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null |
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*/ |
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public boolean offer(E e) { |
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final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock; |
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lock.lock(); |
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try { |
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q.offer(e); |
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if (q.peek() == e) { |
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leader = null; |
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available.signal(); |
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} |
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return true; |
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} finally { |
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lock.unlock(); |
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} |
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} |
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|
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/** |
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* Inserts the specified element into this delay queue. As the queue is |
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* unbounded this method will never block. |
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* |
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* @param e the element to add |
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* @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc} |
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*/ |
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public void put(E e) { |
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offer(e); |
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} |
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|
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/** |
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* Inserts the specified element into this delay queue. As the queue is |
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* unbounded this method will never block. |
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* |
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* @param e the element to add |
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* @param timeout This parameter is ignored as the method never blocks |
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* @param unit This parameter is ignored as the method never blocks |
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* @return {@code true} |
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* @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc} |
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*/ |
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public boolean offer(E e, long timeout, TimeUnit unit) { |
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return offer(e); |
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} |
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|
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/** |
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* Retrieves and removes the head of this queue, or returns {@code null} |
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* if this queue has no elements with an expired delay. |
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* |
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* @return the head of this queue, or {@code null} if this |
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* queue has no elements with an expired delay |
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*/ |
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public E poll() { |
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final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock; |
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lock.lock(); |
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try { |
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E first = q.peek(); |
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if (first == null || first.getDelay(NANOSECONDS) > 0) |
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return null; |
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else |
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return q.poll(); |
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} finally { |
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lock.unlock(); |
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} |
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} |
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|
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/** |
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* Retrieves and removes the head of this queue, waiting if necessary |
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* until an element with an expired delay is available on this queue. |
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* |
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* @return the head of this queue |
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* @throws InterruptedException {@inheritDoc} |
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*/ |
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public E take() throws InterruptedException { |
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final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock; |
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lock.lockInterruptibly(); |
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try { |
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for (;;) { |
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E first = q.peek(); |
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if (first == null) |
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available.await(); |
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else { |
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long delay = first.getDelay(NANOSECONDS); |
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if (delay <= 0) |
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return q.poll(); |
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first = null; // don't retain ref while waiting |
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if (leader != null) |
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available.await(); |
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else { |
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Thread thisThread = Thread.currentThread(); |
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leader = thisThread; |
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try { |
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available.awaitNanos(delay); |
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} finally { |
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if (leader == thisThread) |
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leader = null; |
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} |
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} |
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} |
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} |
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} finally { |
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if (leader == null && q.peek() != null) |
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available.signal(); |
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lock.unlock(); |
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} |
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} |
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|
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/** |
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* Retrieves and removes the head of this queue, waiting if necessary |
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* until an element with an expired delay is available on this queue, |
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* or the specified wait time expires. |
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* |
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* @return the head of this queue, or {@code null} if the |
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* specified waiting time elapses before an element with |
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* an expired delay becomes available |
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* @throws InterruptedException {@inheritDoc} |
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*/ |
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public E poll(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException { |
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long nanos = unit.toNanos(timeout); |
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final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock; |
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lock.lockInterruptibly(); |
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try { |
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for (;;) { |
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E first = q.peek(); |
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if (first == null) { |
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if (nanos <= 0) |
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return null; |
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else |
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nanos = available.awaitNanos(nanos); |
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} else { |
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long delay = first.getDelay(NANOSECONDS); |
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if (delay <= 0) |
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return q.poll(); |
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if (nanos <= 0) |
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return null; |
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first = null; // don't retain ref while waiting |
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if (nanos < delay || leader != null) |
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nanos = available.awaitNanos(nanos); |
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else { |
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Thread thisThread = Thread.currentThread(); |
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leader = thisThread; |
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try { |
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long timeLeft = available.awaitNanos(delay); |
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nanos -= delay - timeLeft; |
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} finally { |
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if (leader == thisThread) |
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leader = null; |
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} |
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} |
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} |
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} |
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} finally { |
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if (leader == null && q.peek() != null) |
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available.signal(); |
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lock.unlock(); |
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} |
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} |
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|
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/** |
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* Retrieves, but does not remove, the head of this queue, or |
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* returns {@code null} if this queue is empty. Unlike |
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* {@code poll}, if no expired elements are available in the queue, |
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* this method returns the element that will expire next, |
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* if one exists. |
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* |
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* @return the head of this queue, or {@code null} if this |
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* queue is empty |
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*/ |
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public E peek() { |
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final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock; |
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lock.lock(); |
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try { |
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return q.peek(); |
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} finally { |
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lock.unlock(); |
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} |
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} |
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|
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public int size() { |
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final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock; |
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lock.lock(); |
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try { |
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return q.size(); |
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} finally { |
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lock.unlock(); |
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} |
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} |
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|
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/** |
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* Returns first element only if it is expired. |
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* Used only by drainTo. Call only when holding lock. |
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*/ |
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private E peekExpired() { |
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// assert lock.isHeldByCurrentThread(); |
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E first = q.peek(); |
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return (first == null || first.getDelay(NANOSECONDS) > 0) ? |
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null : first; |
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} |
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|
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/** |
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* @throws UnsupportedOperationException {@inheritDoc} |
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* @throws ClassCastException {@inheritDoc} |
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* @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc} |
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* @throws IllegalArgumentException {@inheritDoc} |
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*/ |
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public int drainTo(Collection<? super E> c) { |
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if (c == null) |
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throw new NullPointerException(); |
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if (c == this) |
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throw new IllegalArgumentException(); |
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final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock; |
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lock.lock(); |
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try { |
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int n = 0; |
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for (E e; (e = peekExpired()) != null;) { |
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c.add(e); // In this order, in case add() throws. |
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q.poll(); |
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++n; |
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} |
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return n; |
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} finally { |
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lock.unlock(); |
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} |
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} |
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|
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/** |
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* @throws UnsupportedOperationException {@inheritDoc} |
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* @throws ClassCastException {@inheritDoc} |
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* @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc} |
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* @throws IllegalArgumentException {@inheritDoc} |
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*/ |
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public int drainTo(Collection<? super E> c, int maxElements) { |
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if (c == null) |
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throw new NullPointerException(); |
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if (c == this) |
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throw new IllegalArgumentException(); |
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if (maxElements <= 0) |
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return 0; |
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final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock; |
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lock.lock(); |
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try { |
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int n = 0; |
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for (E e; n < maxElements && (e = peekExpired()) != null;) { |
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c.add(e); // In this order, in case add() throws. |
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q.poll(); |
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++n; |
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} |
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return n; |
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} finally { |
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lock.unlock(); |
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} |
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} |
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|
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/** |
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* Atomically removes all of the elements from this delay queue. |
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* The queue will be empty after this call returns. |
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* Elements with an unexpired delay are not waited for; they are |
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* simply discarded from the queue. |
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*/ |
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public void clear() { |
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final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock; |
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lock.lock(); |
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try { |
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q.clear(); |
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} finally { |
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lock.unlock(); |
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} |
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} |
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|
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/** |
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* Always returns {@code Integer.MAX_VALUE} because |
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* a {@code DelayQueue} is not capacity constrained. |
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* |
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* @return {@code Integer.MAX_VALUE} |
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*/ |
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public int remainingCapacity() { |
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return Integer.MAX_VALUE; |
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} |
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|
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/** |
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* Returns an array containing all of the elements in this queue. |
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* The returned array elements are in no particular order. |
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* |
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* <p>The returned array will be "safe" in that no references to it are |
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* maintained by this queue. (In other words, this method must allocate |
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* a new array). The caller is thus free to modify the returned array. |
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* |
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* <p>This method acts as bridge between array-based and collection-based |
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* APIs. |
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* |
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* @return an array containing all of the elements in this queue |
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*/ |
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public Object[] toArray() { |
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final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock; |
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lock.lock(); |
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try { |
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return q.toArray(); |
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} finally { |
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lock.unlock(); |
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} |
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} |
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|
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/** |
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* Returns an array containing all of the elements in this queue; the |
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* runtime type of the returned array is that of the specified array. |
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* The returned array elements are in no particular order. |
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* If the queue fits in the specified array, it is returned therein. |
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* Otherwise, a new array is allocated with the runtime type of the |
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* specified array and the size of this queue. |
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* |
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* <p>If this queue fits in the specified array with room to spare |
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* (i.e., the array has more elements than this queue), the element in |
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* the array immediately following the end of the queue is set to |
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* {@code null}. |
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* |
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* <p>Like the {@link #toArray()} method, this method acts as bridge between |
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* array-based and collection-based APIs. Further, this method allows |
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* precise control over the runtime type of the output array, and may, |
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* under certain circumstances, be used to save allocation costs. |
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* |
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* <p>The following code can be used to dump a delay queue into a newly |
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* allocated array of {@code Delayed}: |
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* |
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* <pre> {@code Delayed[] a = q.toArray(new Delayed[0]);}</pre> |
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* |
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* Note that {@code toArray(new Object[0])} is identical in function to |
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* {@code toArray()}. |
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* |
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* @param a the array into which the elements of the queue are to |
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* be stored, if it is big enough; otherwise, a new array of the |
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* same runtime type is allocated for this purpose |
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* @return an array containing all of the elements in this queue |
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* @throws ArrayStoreException if the runtime type of the specified array |
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* is not a supertype of the runtime type of every element in |
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* this queue |
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* @throws NullPointerException if the specified array is null |
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*/ |
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public <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) { |
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final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock; |
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lock.lock(); |
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try { |
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return q.toArray(a); |
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} finally { |
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lock.unlock(); |
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} |
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} |
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|
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/** |
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* Removes a single instance of the specified element from this |
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* queue, if it is present, whether or not it has expired. |
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*/ |
459 |
public boolean remove(Object o) { |
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final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock; |
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lock.lock(); |
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try { |
463 |
return q.remove(o); |
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} finally { |
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lock.unlock(); |
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} |
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} |
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|
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/** |
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* Identity-based version for use in Itr.remove |
471 |
*/ |
472 |
void removeEQ(Object o) { |
473 |
final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock; |
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lock.lock(); |
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try { |
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for (Iterator<E> it = q.iterator(); it.hasNext(); ) { |
477 |
if (o == it.next()) { |
478 |
it.remove(); |
479 |
break; |
480 |
} |
481 |
} |
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} finally { |
483 |
lock.unlock(); |
484 |
} |
485 |
} |
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|
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/** |
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* Returns an iterator over all the elements (both expired and |
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* unexpired) in this queue. The iterator does not return the |
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* elements in any particular order. |
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* |
492 |
* <p>The returned iterator is |
493 |
* <a href="package-summary.html#Weakly"><i>weakly consistent</i></a>. |
494 |
* |
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* @return an iterator over the elements in this queue |
496 |
*/ |
497 |
public Iterator<E> iterator() { |
498 |
return new Itr(toArray()); |
499 |
} |
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|
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/** |
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* Snapshot iterator that works off copy of underlying q array. |
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*/ |
504 |
private class Itr implements Iterator<E> { |
505 |
final Object[] array; // Array of all elements |
506 |
int cursor; // index of next element to return |
507 |
int lastRet; // index of last element, or -1 if no such |
508 |
|
509 |
Itr(Object[] array) { |
510 |
lastRet = -1; |
511 |
this.array = array; |
512 |
} |
513 |
|
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public boolean hasNext() { |
515 |
return cursor < array.length; |
516 |
} |
517 |
|
518 |
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked") |
519 |
public E next() { |
520 |
if (cursor >= array.length) |
521 |
throw new NoSuchElementException(); |
522 |
lastRet = cursor; |
523 |
return (E)array[cursor++]; |
524 |
} |
525 |
|
526 |
public void remove() { |
527 |
if (lastRet < 0) |
528 |
throw new IllegalStateException(); |
529 |
removeEQ(array[lastRet]); |
530 |
lastRet = -1; |
531 |
} |
532 |
} |
533 |
|
534 |
} |