util/concurrent/ExecutorService.java

/*
 * Written by Doug Lea with assistance from members of JCP JSR-166
 * Expert Group and released to the public domain, as explained at
 * http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
 */

package java.util.concurrent;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Collection;

/**
 * An {@link Executor} that provides methods to manage termination and
 * methods that can produce a {@link Future} for tracking progress of
 * one or more asynchronous tasks.
 *
 * <p>An {@code ExecutorService} can be shut down, which will cause
 * it to reject new tasks.  Two different methods are provided for
 * shutting down an {@code ExecutorService}. The {@link #shutdown}
 * method will allow previously submitted tasks to execute before
 * terminating, while the {@link #shutdownNow} method prevents waiting
 * tasks from starting and attempts to stop currently executing tasks.
 * Upon termination, an executor has no tasks actively executing, no
 * tasks awaiting execution, and no new tasks can be submitted.  An
 * unused {@code ExecutorService} should be shut down to allow
 * reclamation of its resources.
 *
 * <p>Method {@code submit} extends base method {@link
 * Executor#execute(Runnable)} by creating and returning a {@link Future}
 * that can be used to cancel execution and/or wait for completion.
 * Methods {@code invokeAny} and {@code invokeAll} perform the most
 * commonly useful forms of bulk execution, executing a collection of
 * tasks and then waiting for at least one, or all, to
 * complete. (Class {@link ExecutorCompletionService} can be used to
 * write customized variants of these methods.)
 *
 * <p>The {@link Executors} class provides factory methods for the
 * executor services provided in this package.
 *
 * <h3>Usage Examples</h3>
 *
 * Here is a sketch of a network service in which threads in a thread
 * pool service incoming requests. It uses the preconfigured {@link
 * Executors#newFixedThreadPool} factory method:
 *
 *  <pre> {@code
 * class NetworkService implements Runnable {
 *   private final ServerSocket serverSocket;
 *   private final ExecutorService pool;
 *
 *   public NetworkService(int port, int poolSize)
 *       throws IOException {
 *     serverSocket = new ServerSocket(port);
 *     pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(poolSize);
 *   }
 *
 *   public void run() { // run the service
 *     try {
 *       for (;;) {
 *         pool.execute(new Handler(serverSocket.accept()));
 *       }
 *     } catch (IOException ex) {
 *       pool.shutdown();
 *     }
 *   }
 * }
 *
 * class Handler implements Runnable {
 *   private final Socket socket;
 *   Handler(Socket socket) { this.socket = socket; }
 *   public void run() {
 *     // read and service request on socket
 *   }
 * }}</pre>
 *
 * The following method shuts down an {@code ExecutorService} in two phases,
 * first by calling {@code shutdown} to reject incoming tasks, and then
 * calling {@code shutdownNow}, if necessary, to cancel any lingering tasks:
 *
 *  <pre> {@code
 * void shutdownAndAwaitTermination(ExecutorService pool) {
 *   pool.shutdown(); // Disable new tasks from being submitted
 *   try {
 *     // Wait a while for existing tasks to terminate
 *     if (!pool.awaitTermination(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
 *       pool.shutdownNow(); // Cancel currently executing tasks
 *       // Wait a while for tasks to respond to being cancelled
 *       if (!pool.awaitTermination(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS))
 *           System.err.println("Pool did not terminate");
 *     }
 *   } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
 *     // (Re-)Cancel if current thread also interrupted
 *     pool.shutdownNow();
 *     // Preserve interrupt status
 *     Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
 *   }
 * }}</pre>
 *
 * <p>Memory consistency effects: Actions in a thread prior to the
 * submission of a {@code Runnable} or {@code Callable} task to an
 * {@code ExecutorService}
 * <a href="package-summary.html#MemoryVisibility"><i>happen-before</i></a>
 * any actions taken by that task, which in turn <i>happen-before</i> the
 * result is retrieved via {@code Future.get()}.
 *
 * @since 1.5
 * @author Doug Lea
 */
public interface ExecutorService extends Executor {

    /**
     * Initiates an orderly shutdown in which previously submitted
     * tasks are executed, but no new tasks will be accepted.
     * Invocation has no additional effect if already shut down.
     *
     * <p>This method does not wait for previously submitted tasks to
     * complete execution.  Use {@link #awaitTermination awaitTermination}
     * to do that.
     *
     * @throws SecurityException if a security manager exists and
     *         shutting down this ExecutorService may manipulate
     *         threads that the caller is not permitted to modify
     *         because it does not hold {@link
     *         java.lang.RuntimePermission}{@code ("modifyThread")},
     *         or the security manager's {@code checkAccess} method
     *         denies access.
     */
    void shutdown();

    /**
     * Attempts to stop all actively executing tasks, halts the
     * processing of waiting tasks, and returns a list of the tasks
     * that were awaiting execution.
     *
     * <p>This method does not wait for actively executing tasks to
     * terminate.  Use {@link #awaitTermination awaitTermination} to
     * do that.
     *
     * <p>There are no guarantees beyond best-effort attempts to stop
     * processing actively executing tasks.  For example, typical
     * implementations will cancel via {@link Thread#interrupt}, so any
     * task that fails to respond to interrupts may never terminate.
     *
     * @return list of tasks that never commenced execution
     * @throws SecurityException if a security manager exists and
     *         shutting down this ExecutorService may manipulate
     *         threads that the caller is not permitted to modify
     *         because it does not hold {@link
     *         java.lang.RuntimePermission}{@code ("modifyThread")},
     *         or the security manager's {@code checkAccess} method
     *         denies access.
     */
    List<Runnable> shutdownNow();

    /**
     * Returns {@code true} if this executor has been shut down.
     *
     * @return {@code true} if this executor has been shut down
     */
    boolean isShutdown();

    /**
     * Returns {@code true} if all tasks have completed following shut down.
     * Note that {@code isTerminated} is never {@code true} unless
     * either {@code shutdown} or {@code shutdownNow} was called first.
     *
     * @return {@code true} if all tasks have completed following shut down
     */
    boolean isTerminated();

    /**
     * Blocks until all tasks have completed execution after a shutdown
     * request, or the timeout occurs, or the current thread is
     * interrupted, whichever happens first.
     *
     * @param timeout the maximum time to wait
     * @param unit the time unit of the timeout argument
     * @return {@code true} if this executor terminated and
     *         {@code false} if the timeout elapsed before termination
     * @throws InterruptedException if interrupted while waiting
     */
    boolean awaitTermination(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
        throws InterruptedException;

    /**
     * Submits a value-returning task for execution and returns a
     * Future representing the pending results of the task. The
     * Future's {@code get} method will return the task's result upon
     * successful completion.
     *
     * <p>
     * If you would like to immediately block waiting
     * for a task, you can use constructions of the form
     * {@code result = exec.submit(aCallable).get();}
     *
     * <p>Note: The {@link Executors} class includes a set of methods
     * that can convert some other common closure-like objects,
     * for example, {@link java.security.PrivilegedAction} to
     * {@link Callable} form so they can be submitted.
     *
     * @param task the task to submit
     * @param <T> the type of the task's result
     * @return a Future representing pending completion of the task
     * @throws RejectedExecutionException if the task cannot be
     *         scheduled for execution
     * @throws NullPointerException if the task is null
     */
    <T> Future<T> submit(Callable<T> task);

    /**
     * Submits a Runnable task for execution and returns a Future
     * representing that task. The Future's {@code get} method will
     * return the given result upon successful completion.
     *
     * @param task the task to submit
     * @param result the result to return
     * @param <T> the type of the result
     * @return a Future representing pending completion of the task
     * @throws RejectedExecutionException if the task cannot be
     *         scheduled for execution
     * @throws NullPointerException if the task is null
     */
    <T> Future<T> submit(Runnable task, T result);

    /**
     * Submits a Runnable task for execution and returns a Future
     * representing that task. The Future's {@code get} method will
     * return {@code null} upon <em>successful</em> completion.
     *
     * @param task the task to submit
     * @return a Future representing pending completion of the task
     * @throws RejectedExecutionException if the task cannot be
     *         scheduled for execution
     * @throws NullPointerException if the task is null
     */
    Future<?> submit(Runnable task);

    /**
     * Executes the given tasks, returning a list of Futures holding
     * their status and results when all complete.
     * {@link Future#isDone} is {@code true} for each
     * element of the returned list.
     * Note that a <em>completed</em> task could have
     * terminated either normally or by throwing an exception.
     * The results of this method are undefined if the given
     * collection is modified while this operation is in progress.
     *
     * @param tasks the collection of tasks
     * @param <T> the type of the values returned from the tasks
     * @return a list of Futures representing the tasks, in the same
     *         sequential order as produced by the iterator for the
     *         given task list, each of which has completed
     * @throws InterruptedException if interrupted while waiting, in
     *         which case unfinished tasks are cancelled
     * @throws NullPointerException if tasks or any of its elements are {@code null}
     * @throws RejectedExecutionException if any task cannot be
     *         scheduled for execution
     */
    <T> List<Future<T>> invokeAll(Collection<? extends Callable<T>> tasks)
        throws InterruptedException;

    /**
     * Executes the given tasks, returning a list of Futures holding
     * their status and results
     * when all complete or the timeout expires, whichever happens first.
     * {@link Future#isDone} is {@code true} for each
     * element of the returned list.
     * Upon return, tasks that have not completed are cancelled.
     * Note that a <em>completed</em> task could have
     * terminated either normally or by throwing an exception.
     * The results of this method are undefined if the given
     * collection is modified while this operation is in progress.
     *
     * @param tasks the collection of tasks
     * @param timeout the maximum time to wait
     * @param unit the time unit of the timeout argument
     * @param <T> the type of the values returned from the tasks
     * @return a list of Futures representing the tasks, in the same
     *         sequential order as produced by the iterator for the
     *         given task list. If the operation did not time out,
     *         each task will have completed. If it did time out, some
     *         of these tasks will not have completed.
     * @throws InterruptedException if interrupted while waiting, in
     *         which case unfinished tasks are cancelled
     * @throws NullPointerException if tasks, any of its elements, or
     *         unit are {@code null}
     * @throws RejectedExecutionException if any task cannot be scheduled
     *         for execution
     */
    <T> List<Future<T>> invokeAll(Collection<? extends Callable<T>> tasks,
                                  long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
        throws InterruptedException;

    /**
     * Executes the given tasks, returning the result
     * of one that has completed successfully (i.e., without throwing
     * an exception), if any do. Upon normal or exceptional return,
     * tasks that have not completed are cancelled.
     * The results of this method are undefined if the given
     * collection is modified while this operation is in progress.
     *
     * @param tasks the collection of tasks
     * @param <T> the type of the values returned from the tasks
     * @return the result returned by one of the tasks
     * @throws InterruptedException if interrupted while waiting
     * @throws NullPointerException if tasks or any element task
     *         subject to execution is {@code null}
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if tasks is empty
     * @throws ExecutionException if no task successfully completes
     * @throws RejectedExecutionException if tasks cannot be scheduled
     *         for execution
     */
    <T> T invokeAny(Collection<? extends Callable<T>> tasks)
        throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException;

    /**
     * Executes the given tasks, returning the result
     * of one that has completed successfully (i.e., without throwing
     * an exception), if any do before the given timeout elapses.
     * Upon normal or exceptional return, tasks that have not
     * completed are cancelled.
     * The results of this method are undefined if the given
     * collection is modified while this operation is in progress.
     *
     * @param tasks the collection of tasks
     * @param timeout the maximum time to wait
     * @param unit the time unit of the timeout argument
     * @param <T> the type of the values returned from the tasks
     * @return the result returned by one of the tasks
     * @throws InterruptedException if interrupted while waiting
     * @throws NullPointerException if tasks, or unit, or any element
     *         task subject to execution is {@code null}
     * @throws TimeoutException if the given timeout elapses before
     *         any task successfully completes
     * @throws ExecutionException if no task successfully completes
     * @throws RejectedExecutionException if tasks cannot be scheduled
     *         for execution
     */
    <T> T invokeAny(Collection<? extends Callable<T>> tasks,
                    long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
        throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException;
}
Revision:	1.61
Committed:	Thu Jul 18 17:13:42 2013 UTC (10 years, 10 months ago) by jsr166
Branch:	MAIN
Changes since 1.60:	+6 -0 lines
Log Message:	doclint warning fixes
#	Content
1	/*
2	* Written by Doug Lea with assistance from members of JCP JSR-166
3	* Expert Group and released to the public domain, as explained at
4	* http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
5	*/
6
7	package java.util.concurrent;
8	import java.util.List;
9	import java.util.Collection;
10
11	/**
12	* An {@link Executor} that provides methods to manage termination and
13	* methods that can produce a {@link Future} for tracking progress of
14	* one or more asynchronous tasks.
15	*
16	* <p>An {@code ExecutorService} can be shut down, which will cause
17	* it to reject new tasks. Two different methods are provided for
18	* shutting down an {@code ExecutorService}. The {@link #shutdown}
19	* method will allow previously submitted tasks to execute before
20	* terminating, while the {@link #shutdownNow} method prevents waiting
21	* tasks from starting and attempts to stop currently executing tasks.
22	* Upon termination, an executor has no tasks actively executing, no
23	* tasks awaiting execution, and no new tasks can be submitted. An
24	* unused {@code ExecutorService} should be shut down to allow
25	* reclamation of its resources.
26	*
27	* <p>Method {@code submit} extends base method {@link
28	* Executor#execute(Runnable)} by creating and returning a {@link Future}
29	* that can be used to cancel execution and/or wait for completion.
30	* Methods {@code invokeAny} and {@code invokeAll} perform the most
31	* commonly useful forms of bulk execution, executing a collection of
32	* tasks and then waiting for at least one, or all, to
33	* complete. (Class {@link ExecutorCompletionService} can be used to
34	* write customized variants of these methods.)
35	*
36	* <p>The {@link Executors} class provides factory methods for the
37	* executor services provided in this package.
38	*
39	* <h3>Usage Examples</h3>
40	*
41	* Here is a sketch of a network service in which threads in a thread
42	* pool service incoming requests. It uses the preconfigured {@link
43	* Executors#newFixedThreadPool} factory method:
44	*
45	* <pre> {@code
46	* class NetworkService implements Runnable {
47	* private final ServerSocket serverSocket;
48	* private final ExecutorService pool;
49	*
50	* public NetworkService(int port, int poolSize)
51	* throws IOException {
52	* serverSocket = new ServerSocket(port);
53	* pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(poolSize);
54	* }
55	*
56	* public void run() { // run the service
57	* try {
58	* for (;;) {
59	* pool.execute(new Handler(serverSocket.accept()));
60	* }
61	* } catch (IOException ex) {
62	* pool.shutdown();
63	* }
64	* }
65	* }
66	*
67	* class Handler implements Runnable {
68	* private final Socket socket;
69	* Handler(Socket socket) { this.socket = socket; }
70	* public void run() {
71	* // read and service request on socket
72	* }
73	* }}</pre>
74	*
75	* The following method shuts down an {@code ExecutorService} in two phases,
76	* first by calling {@code shutdown} to reject incoming tasks, and then
77	* calling {@code shutdownNow}, if necessary, to cancel any lingering tasks:
78	*
79	* <pre> {@code
80	* void shutdownAndAwaitTermination(ExecutorService pool) {
81	* pool.shutdown(); // Disable new tasks from being submitted
82	* try {
83	* // Wait a while for existing tasks to terminate
84	* if (!pool.awaitTermination(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
85	* pool.shutdownNow(); // Cancel currently executing tasks
86	* // Wait a while for tasks to respond to being cancelled
87	* if (!pool.awaitTermination(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS))
88	* System.err.println("Pool did not terminate");
89	* }
90	* } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
91	* // (Re-)Cancel if current thread also interrupted
92	* pool.shutdownNow();
93	* // Preserve interrupt status
94	* Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
95	* }
96	* }}</pre>
97	*
98	* <p>Memory consistency effects: Actions in a thread prior to the
99	* submission of a {@code Runnable} or {@code Callable} task to an
100	* {@code ExecutorService}
101	* <a href="package-summary.html#MemoryVisibility"><i>happen-before</i></a>
102	* any actions taken by that task, which in turn <i>happen-before</i> the
103	* result is retrieved via {@code Future.get()}.
104	*
105	* @since 1.5
106	* @author Doug Lea
107	*/
108	public interface ExecutorService extends Executor {
109
110	/**
111	* Initiates an orderly shutdown in which previously submitted
112	* tasks are executed, but no new tasks will be accepted.
113	* Invocation has no additional effect if already shut down.
114	*
115	* <p>This method does not wait for previously submitted tasks to
116	* complete execution. Use {@link #awaitTermination awaitTermination}
117	* to do that.
118	*
119	* @throws SecurityException if a security manager exists and
120	* shutting down this ExecutorService may manipulate
121	* threads that the caller is not permitted to modify
122	* because it does not hold {@link
123	* java.lang.RuntimePermission}{@code ("modifyThread")},
124	* or the security manager's {@code checkAccess} method
125	* denies access.
126	*/
127	void shutdown();
128
129	/**
130	* Attempts to stop all actively executing tasks, halts the
131	* processing of waiting tasks, and returns a list of the tasks
132	* that were awaiting execution.
133	*
134	* <p>This method does not wait for actively executing tasks to
135	* terminate. Use {@link #awaitTermination awaitTermination} to
136	* do that.
137	*
138	* <p>There are no guarantees beyond best-effort attempts to stop
139	* processing actively executing tasks. For example, typical
140	* implementations will cancel via {@link Thread#interrupt}, so any
141	* task that fails to respond to interrupts may never terminate.
142	*
143	* @return list of tasks that never commenced execution
144	* @throws SecurityException if a security manager exists and
145	* shutting down this ExecutorService may manipulate
146	* threads that the caller is not permitted to modify
147	* because it does not hold {@link
148	* java.lang.RuntimePermission}{@code ("modifyThread")},
149	* or the security manager's {@code checkAccess} method
150	* denies access.
151	*/
152	List<Runnable> shutdownNow();
153
154	/**
155	* Returns {@code true} if this executor has been shut down.
156	*
157	* @return {@code true} if this executor has been shut down
158	*/
159	boolean isShutdown();
160
161	/**
162	* Returns {@code true} if all tasks have completed following shut down.
163	* Note that {@code isTerminated} is never {@code true} unless
164	* either {@code shutdown} or {@code shutdownNow} was called first.
165	*
166	* @return {@code true} if all tasks have completed following shut down
167	*/
168	boolean isTerminated();
169
170	/**
171	* Blocks until all tasks have completed execution after a shutdown
172	* request, or the timeout occurs, or the current thread is
173	* interrupted, whichever happens first.
174	*
175	* @param timeout the maximum time to wait
176	* @param unit the time unit of the timeout argument
177	* @return {@code true} if this executor terminated and
178	* {@code false} if the timeout elapsed before termination
179	* @throws InterruptedException if interrupted while waiting
180	*/
181	boolean awaitTermination(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
182	throws InterruptedException;
183
184	/**
185	* Submits a value-returning task for execution and returns a
186	* Future representing the pending results of the task. The
187	* Future's {@code get} method will return the task's result upon
188	* successful completion.
189	*
190	* <p>
191	* If you would like to immediately block waiting
192	* for a task, you can use constructions of the form
193	* {@code result = exec.submit(aCallable).get();}
194	*
195	* <p>Note: The {@link Executors} class includes a set of methods
196	* that can convert some other common closure-like objects,
197	* for example, {@link java.security.PrivilegedAction} to
198	* {@link Callable} form so they can be submitted.
199	*
200	* @param task the task to submit
201	* @param <T> the type of the task's result
202	* @return a Future representing pending completion of the task
203	* @throws RejectedExecutionException if the task cannot be
204	* scheduled for execution
205	* @throws NullPointerException if the task is null
206	*/
207	<T> Future<T> submit(Callable<T> task);
208
209	/**
210	* Submits a Runnable task for execution and returns a Future
211	* representing that task. The Future's {@code get} method will
212	* return the given result upon successful completion.
213	*
214	* @param task the task to submit
215	* @param result the result to return
216	* @param <T> the type of the result
217	* @return a Future representing pending completion of the task
218	* @throws RejectedExecutionException if the task cannot be
219	* scheduled for execution
220	* @throws NullPointerException if the task is null
221	*/
222	<T> Future<T> submit(Runnable task, T result);
223
224	/**
225	* Submits a Runnable task for execution and returns a Future
226	* representing that task. The Future's {@code get} method will
227	* return {@code null} upon <em>successful</em> completion.
228	*
229	* @param task the task to submit
230	* @return a Future representing pending completion of the task
231	* @throws RejectedExecutionException if the task cannot be
232	* scheduled for execution
233	* @throws NullPointerException if the task is null
234	*/
235	Future<?> submit(Runnable task);
236
237	/**
238	* Executes the given tasks, returning a list of Futures holding
239	* their status and results when all complete.
240	* {@link Future#isDone} is {@code true} for each
241	* element of the returned list.
242	* Note that a <em>completed</em> task could have
243	* terminated either normally or by throwing an exception.
244	* The results of this method are undefined if the given
245	* collection is modified while this operation is in progress.
246	*
247	* @param tasks the collection of tasks
248	* @param <T> the type of the values returned from the tasks
249	* @return a list of Futures representing the tasks, in the same
250	* sequential order as produced by the iterator for the
251	* given task list, each of which has completed
252	* @throws InterruptedException if interrupted while waiting, in
253	* which case unfinished tasks are cancelled
254	* @throws NullPointerException if tasks or any of its elements are {@code null}
255	* @throws RejectedExecutionException if any task cannot be
256	* scheduled for execution
257	*/
258	<T> List<Future<T>> invokeAll(Collection<? extends Callable<T>> tasks)
259	throws InterruptedException;
260
261	/**
262	* Executes the given tasks, returning a list of Futures holding
263	* their status and results
264	* when all complete or the timeout expires, whichever happens first.
265	* {@link Future#isDone} is {@code true} for each
266	* element of the returned list.
267	* Upon return, tasks that have not completed are cancelled.
268	* Note that a <em>completed</em> task could have
269	* terminated either normally or by throwing an exception.
270	* The results of this method are undefined if the given
271	* collection is modified while this operation is in progress.
272	*
273	* @param tasks the collection of tasks
274	* @param timeout the maximum time to wait
275	* @param unit the time unit of the timeout argument
276	* @param <T> the type of the values returned from the tasks
277	* @return a list of Futures representing the tasks, in the same
278	* sequential order as produced by the iterator for the
279	* given task list. If the operation did not time out,
280	* each task will have completed. If it did time out, some
281	* of these tasks will not have completed.
282	* @throws InterruptedException if interrupted while waiting, in
283	* which case unfinished tasks are cancelled
284	* @throws NullPointerException if tasks, any of its elements, or
285	* unit are {@code null}
286	* @throws RejectedExecutionException if any task cannot be scheduled
287	* for execution
288	*/
289	<T> List<Future<T>> invokeAll(Collection<? extends Callable<T>> tasks,
290	long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
291	throws InterruptedException;
292
293	/**
294	* Executes the given tasks, returning the result
295	* of one that has completed successfully (i.e., without throwing
296	* an exception), if any do. Upon normal or exceptional return,
297	* tasks that have not completed are cancelled.
298	* The results of this method are undefined if the given
299	* collection is modified while this operation is in progress.
300	*
301	* @param tasks the collection of tasks
302	* @param <T> the type of the values returned from the tasks
303	* @return the result returned by one of the tasks
304	* @throws InterruptedException if interrupted while waiting
305	* @throws NullPointerException if tasks or any element task
306	* subject to execution is {@code null}
307	* @throws IllegalArgumentException if tasks is empty
308	* @throws ExecutionException if no task successfully completes
309	* @throws RejectedExecutionException if tasks cannot be scheduled
310	* for execution
311	*/
312	<T> T invokeAny(Collection<? extends Callable<T>> tasks)
313	throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException;
314
315	/**
316	* Executes the given tasks, returning the result
317	* of one that has completed successfully (i.e., without throwing
318	* an exception), if any do before the given timeout elapses.
319	* Upon normal or exceptional return, tasks that have not
320	* completed are cancelled.
321	* The results of this method are undefined if the given
322	* collection is modified while this operation is in progress.
323	*
324	* @param tasks the collection of tasks
325	* @param timeout the maximum time to wait
326	* @param unit the time unit of the timeout argument
327	* @param <T> the type of the values returned from the tasks
328	* @return the result returned by one of the tasks
329	* @throws InterruptedException if interrupted while waiting
330	* @throws NullPointerException if tasks, or unit, or any element
331	* task subject to execution is {@code null}
332	* @throws TimeoutException if the given timeout elapses before
333	* any task successfully completes
334	* @throws ExecutionException if no task successfully completes
335	* @throws RejectedExecutionException if tasks cannot be scheduled
336	* for execution
337	*/
338	<T> T invokeAny(Collection<? extends Callable<T>> tasks,
339	long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
340	throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException;
341	}