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/* |
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* Written by Doug Lea with assistance from members of JCP JSR-166 |
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* Expert Group and released to the public domain. Use, modify, and |
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* redistribute this code in any way without acknowledgement. |
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*/ |
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|
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package java.util.concurrent; |
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import java.util.*; |
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import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger; |
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import java.security.AccessControlContext; |
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import java.security.AccessController; |
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import java.security.PrivilegedAction; |
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import java.security.PrivilegedExceptionAction; |
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|
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/** |
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* Factory and utility methods for {@link Executor}, {@link |
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* ExecutorService}, and {@link ThreadFactory} classes defined in this |
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* package. |
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* |
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* @since 1.5 |
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* @author Doug Lea |
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*/ |
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public class Executors { |
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|
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/** |
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* Creates a thread pool that reuses a fixed set of threads |
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* operating off a shared unbounded queue. If any thread |
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* terminates due to a failure during execution prior to shutdown, |
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* a new one will take its place if needed to execute subsequent |
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* tasks. |
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* |
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* @param nThreads the number of threads in the pool |
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* @return the newly created thread pool |
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*/ |
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public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads) { |
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return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads, |
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0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS, |
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new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()); |
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} |
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|
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/** |
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* Creates a thread pool that reuses a fixed set of threads |
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* operating off a shared unbounded queue, using the provided |
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* ThreadFactory to create new threads when needed. |
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* |
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* @param nThreads the number of threads in the pool |
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* @param threadFactory the factory to use when creating new threads |
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* @return the newly created thread pool |
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*/ |
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public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads, ThreadFactory threadFactory) { |
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return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads, |
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0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS, |
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new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(), |
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threadFactory); |
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} |
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|
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/** |
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* Creates an Executor that uses a single worker thread operating |
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* off an unbounded queue. (Note however that if this single |
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* thread terminates due to a failure during execution prior to |
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* shutdown, a new one will take its place if needed to execute |
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* subsequent tasks.) Tasks are guaranteed to execute |
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* sequentially, and no more than one task will be active at any |
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* given time. Unlike the otherwise equivalent |
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* <tt>newFixedThreadPool(1)</tt> the returned executor is |
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* guaranteed not to be reconfigurable to use additional threads. |
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* |
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* @return the newly-created single-threaded Executor |
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*/ |
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public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() { |
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return new DelegatedExecutorService |
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(new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1, |
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0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS, |
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new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>())); |
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} |
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|
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/** |
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* Creates an Executor that uses a single worker thread operating |
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* off an unbounded queue, and uses the provided ThreadFactory to |
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* create a new thread when needed. Unlike the otherwise |
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* equivalent <tt>newFixedThreadPool(1, threadFactory)</tt> the returned executor |
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* is guaranteed not to be reconfigurable to use additional |
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* threads. |
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* |
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* @param threadFactory the factory to use when creating new |
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* threads |
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* |
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* @return the newly-created single-threaded Executor |
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*/ |
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public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor(ThreadFactory threadFactory) { |
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return new DelegatedExecutorService |
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(new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1, |
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0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS, |
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new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(), |
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threadFactory)); |
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} |
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|
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/** |
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* Creates a thread pool that creates new threads as needed, but |
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* will reuse previously constructed threads when they are |
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* available. These pools will typically improve the performance |
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* of programs that execute many short-lived asynchronous tasks. |
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* Calls to <tt>execute</tt> will reuse previously constructed |
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* threads if available. If no existing thread is available, a new |
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* thread will be created and added to the pool. Threads that have |
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* not been used for sixty seconds are terminated and removed from |
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* the cache. Thus, a pool that remains idle for long enough will |
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* not consume any resources. Note that pools with similar |
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* properties but different details (for example, timeout parameters) |
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* may be created using {@link ThreadPoolExecutor} constructors. |
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* |
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* @return the newly created thread pool |
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*/ |
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public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() { |
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return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE, |
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60, TimeUnit.SECONDS, |
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new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>()); |
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} |
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|
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/** |
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* Creates a thread pool that creates new threads as needed, but |
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* will reuse previously constructed threads when they are |
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* available, and uses the provided |
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* ThreadFactory to create new threads when needed. |
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* @param threadFactory the factory to use when creating new threads |
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* @return the newly created thread pool |
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*/ |
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public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool(ThreadFactory threadFactory) { |
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return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE, |
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60, TimeUnit.SECONDS, |
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new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>(), |
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threadFactory); |
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} |
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|
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/** |
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* Creates a single-threaded executor that can schedule commands |
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* to run after a given delay, or to execute periodically. |
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* (Note however that if this single |
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* thread terminates due to a failure during execution prior to |
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* shutdown, a new one will take its place if needed to execute |
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* subsequent tasks.) Tasks are guaranteed to execute |
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* sequentially, and no more than one task will be active at any |
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* given time. Unlike the otherwise equivalent |
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* <tt>newScheduledThreadPool(1)</tt> the returned executor is |
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* guaranteed not to be reconfigurable to use additional threads. |
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* @return a newly created scheduled executor |
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*/ |
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public static ScheduledExecutorService newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor() { |
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return new DelegatedScheduledExecutorService |
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(new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(1)); |
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} |
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|
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/** |
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* Creates a single-threaded executor that can schedule commands |
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* to run after a given delay, or to execute periodically. (Note |
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* however that if this single thread terminates due to a failure |
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* during execution prior to shutdown, a new one will take its |
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* place if needed to execute subsequent tasks.) Tasks are |
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* guaranteed to execute sequentially, and no more than one task |
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* will be active at any given time. Unlike the otherwise |
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* equivalent <tt>newScheduledThreadPool(1, threadFactory)</tt> |
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* the returned executor is guaranteed not to be reconfigurable to |
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* use additional threads. |
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* @param threadFactory the factory to use when creating new |
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* threads |
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* @return a newly created scheduled executor |
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*/ |
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public static ScheduledExecutorService newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor(ThreadFactory threadFactory) { |
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return new DelegatedScheduledExecutorService |
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(new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(1, threadFactory)); |
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} |
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|
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/** |
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* Creates a thread pool that can schedule commands to run after a |
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* given delay, or to execute periodically. |
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* @param corePoolSize the number of threads to keep in the pool, |
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* even if they are idle. |
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* @return a newly created scheduled thread pool |
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*/ |
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public static ScheduledExecutorService newScheduledThreadPool(int corePoolSize) { |
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return new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize); |
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} |
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|
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/** |
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* Creates a thread pool that can schedule commands to run after a |
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* given delay, or to execute periodically. |
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* @param corePoolSize the number of threads to keep in the pool, |
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* even if they are idle. |
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* @param threadFactory the factory to use when the executor |
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* creates a new thread. |
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* @return a newly created scheduled thread pool |
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*/ |
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public static ScheduledExecutorService newScheduledThreadPool( |
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int corePoolSize, ThreadFactory threadFactory) { |
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return new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize, threadFactory); |
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} |
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|
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|
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/** |
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* Creates and returns an object that delegates all defined {@link |
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* ExecutorService} methods to the given executor, but not any |
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* other methods that might otherwise be accessible using |
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* casts. This provides a way to safely "freeze" configuration and |
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* disallow tuning of a given concrete implementation. |
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* @param executor the underlying implementation |
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* @return an <tt>ExecutorService</tt> instance |
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* @throws NullPointerException if executor null |
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*/ |
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public static ExecutorService unconfigurableExecutorService(ExecutorService executor) { |
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if (executor == null) |
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throw new NullPointerException(); |
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return new DelegatedExecutorService(executor); |
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} |
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|
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/** |
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* Creates and returns an object that delegates all defined {@link |
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* ScheduledExecutorService} methods to the given executor, but |
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* not any other methods that might otherwise be accessible using |
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* casts. This provides a way to safely "freeze" configuration and |
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* disallow tuning of a given concrete implementation. |
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* @param executor the underlying implementation |
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* @return a <tt>ScheduledExecutorService</tt> instance |
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* @throws NullPointerException if executor null |
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*/ |
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public static ScheduledExecutorService unconfigurableScheduledExecutorService(ScheduledExecutorService executor) { |
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if (executor == null) |
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throw new NullPointerException(); |
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return new DelegatedScheduledExecutorService(executor); |
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} |
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|
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/** |
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* Return a default thread factory used to create new threads. |
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* This factory creates all new threads used by an Executor in the |
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* same {@link ThreadGroup}. If there is a {@link |
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* java.lang.SecurityManager}, it uses the group of {@link |
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* System#getSecurityManager}, else the group of the thread |
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* invoking this <tt>defaultThreadFactory</tt> method. Each new |
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* thread is created as a non-daemon thread with priority |
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* <tt>Thread.NORM_PRIORITY</tt>. New threads have names |
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* accessible via {@link Thread#getName} of |
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* <em>pool-N-thread-M</em>, where <em>N</em> is the sequence |
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* number of this factory, and <em>M</em> is the sequence number |
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* of the thread created by this factory. |
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* @return the thread factory |
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*/ |
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public static ThreadFactory defaultThreadFactory() { |
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return new DefaultThreadFactory(); |
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} |
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|
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/** |
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* Return a thread factory used to create new threads that |
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* have the same permissions as the current thread. |
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* This factory creates threads with the same settings as {@link |
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* Executors#defaultThreadFactory}, additionally setting the |
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* AccessControlContext and contextClassLoader of new threads to |
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* be the same as the thread invoking this |
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* <tt>privilegedThreadFactory</tt> method. A new |
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* <tt>privilegedThreadFactory</tt> can be created within an |
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* {@link AccessController#doPrivileged} action setting the |
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* current thread's access control context to create threads with |
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* the selected permission settings holding within that action. |
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* |
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* <p> Note that while tasks running within such threads will have |
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* the same access control and class loader settings as the |
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* current thread, they need not have the same {@link |
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* java.lang.ThreadLocal} or {@link |
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* java.lang.InheritableThreadLocal} values. If necessary, |
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* particular values of thread locals can be set or reset before |
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* any task runs in {@link ThreadPoolExecutor} subclasses using |
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* {@link ThreadPoolExecutor#beforeExecute}. Also, if it is |
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* necessary to initialize worker threads to have the same |
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* InheritableThreadLocal settings as some other designated |
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* thread, you can create a custom ThreadFactory in which that |
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* thread waits for and services requests to create others that |
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* will inherit its values. |
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* |
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* @return the thread factory |
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* @throws AccessControlException if the current access control |
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* context does not have permission to both get and set context |
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* class loader. |
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*/ |
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public static ThreadFactory privilegedThreadFactory() { |
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return new PrivilegedThreadFactory(); |
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} |
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|
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|
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/** |
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* Creates and returns a {@link Callable} object that, when |
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* called, runs the given task and returns the given result. This |
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* can be useful when applying methods requiring a |
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* <tt>Callable</tt> to an otherwise resultless action. |
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* @param task the task to run |
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* @param result the result to return |
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*/ |
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public static <T> Callable<T> callable(Runnable task, T result) { |
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return new RunnableAdapter<T>(task, result); |
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} |
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|
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/** |
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* Creates and returns a {@link Callable} object that, when |
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* called, runs the given task and returns <tt>null</tt> |
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* @param task the task to run |
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*/ |
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public static Callable<Object> callable(Runnable task) { |
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return new RunnableAdapter<Object>(task, null); |
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} |
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|
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/** |
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* Creates and returns a {@link Callable} object that, when |
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* called, runs the given privileged action and returns its result |
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* @param action the privileged action to run |
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*/ |
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public static Callable<Object> callable(PrivilegedAction action) { |
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return new PrivilegedActionAdapter(action); |
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} |
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|
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/** |
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* Creates and returns a {@link Callable} object that, when |
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* called, runs the given privileged exception action and returns |
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* its result |
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* @param action the privileged exception action to run |
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*/ |
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public static Callable<Object> callable(PrivilegedExceptionAction action) { |
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return new PrivilegedExceptionActionAdapter(action); |
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} |
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|
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/** |
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* Creates and returns a {@link Callable} object that will, when |
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* called, execute the given <tt>callable</tt> under the current |
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* access control context. This method should normally be |
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* invoked within an {@link AccessController#doPrivileged} action |
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* to create callables that will, if possible, execute under the |
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* selected permission settings holding within that action; or if |
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* not possible, throw an associated {@link |
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* AccessControlException}. |
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* @param callable the underlying task |
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* |
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*/ |
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public static <T> Callable<T> privilegedCallable(Callable<T> callable) { |
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return new PrivilegedCallable(callable); |
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} |
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|
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/** |
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* Creates and returns a {@link Callable} object that will, when |
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* called, execute the given <tt>callable</tt> under the current |
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* access control context, with the current context class loader |
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* as the context class loader. This method should normally be |
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* invoked within an {@link AccessController#doPrivileged} action |
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* to create callables that will, if possible, execute under the |
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* selected permission settings holding within that action; or if |
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* not possible, throw an associated {@link |
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* AccessControlException}. |
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* @param callable the underlying task |
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* |
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* @throws AccessControlException if the current access control |
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* context does not have permission to both set and get context |
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* class loader. |
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*/ |
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public static <T> Callable<T> privilegedCallableUsingCurrentClassLoader(Callable<T> callable) { |
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return new PrivilegedCallableUsingCurrentClassLoader(callable); |
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} |
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|
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// Non-public classes supporting the public methods |
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|
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/** |
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* A callable that runs given task and returns given result |
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*/ |
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static class RunnableAdapter<T> implements Callable<T> { |
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private final Runnable task; |
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private final T result; |
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RunnableAdapter(Runnable task, T result) { |
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this.task = task; |
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this.result = result; |
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} |
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public T call() { |
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task.run(); |
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return result; |
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} |
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} |
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|
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/** |
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* A callable that runs given privileged action and returns its result |
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*/ |
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static class PrivilegedActionAdapter implements Callable<Object> { |
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PrivilegedActionAdapter(PrivilegedAction action) { |
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this.action = action; |
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} |
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public Object call () { |
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return action.run(); |
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} |
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private final PrivilegedAction action; |
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} |
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|
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/** |
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* A callable that runs given privileged exception action and returns its result |
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*/ |
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static class PrivilegedExceptionActionAdapter implements Callable<Object> { |
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PrivilegedExceptionActionAdapter(PrivilegedExceptionAction action) { |
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this.action = action; |
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} |
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public Object call () throws Exception { |
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return action.run(); |
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} |
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private final PrivilegedExceptionAction action; |
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} |
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|
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|
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/** |
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* A callable that runs under established access control settings |
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*/ |
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static class PrivilegedCallable<T> implements Callable<T> { |
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private final AccessControlContext acc; |
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private final Callable<T> task; |
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private T result; |
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private Exception exception; |
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PrivilegedCallable(Callable<T> task) { |
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this.task = task; |
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this.acc = AccessController.getContext(); |
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} |
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|
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public T call() throws Exception { |
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AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction() { |
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public Object run() { |
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try { |
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result = task.call(); |
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} catch(Exception ex) { |
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exception = ex; |
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} |
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return null; |
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} |
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}, acc); |
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if (exception != null) |
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throw exception; |
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else |
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return result; |
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} |
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} |
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|
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/** |
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* A callable that runs under established access control settings and |
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* current ClassLoader |
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*/ |
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static class PrivilegedCallableUsingCurrentClassLoader<T> implements Callable<T> { |
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private final ClassLoader ccl; |
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private final AccessControlContext acc; |
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private final Callable<T> task; |
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private T result; |
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private Exception exception; |
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PrivilegedCallableUsingCurrentClassLoader(Callable<T> task) { |
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this.task = task; |
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this.ccl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader(); |
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this.acc = AccessController.getContext(); |
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acc.checkPermission(new RuntimePermission("getContextClassLoader")); |
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acc.checkPermission(new RuntimePermission("setContextClassLoader")); |
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} |
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|
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public T call() throws Exception { |
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AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction() { |
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public Object run() { |
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ClassLoader savedcl = null; |
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Thread t = Thread.currentThread(); |
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try { |
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ClassLoader cl = t.getContextClassLoader(); |
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if (ccl != cl) { |
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t.setContextClassLoader(ccl); |
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savedcl = cl; |
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} |
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result = task.call(); |
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} catch(Exception ex) { |
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exception = ex; |
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} finally { |
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if (savedcl != null) |
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t.setContextClassLoader(savedcl); |
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} |
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return null; |
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} |
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}, acc); |
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if (exception != null) |
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throw exception; |
480 |
else |
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return result; |
482 |
} |
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} |
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|
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/** |
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* The default thread factory |
487 |
*/ |
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static class DefaultThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory { |
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static final AtomicInteger poolNumber = new AtomicInteger(1); |
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final ThreadGroup group; |
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final AtomicInteger threadNumber = new AtomicInteger(1); |
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final String namePrefix; |
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|
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DefaultThreadFactory() { |
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SecurityManager s = System.getSecurityManager(); |
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group = (s != null)? s.getThreadGroup() : |
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Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup(); |
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namePrefix = "pool-" + |
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poolNumber.getAndIncrement() + |
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"-thread-"; |
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} |
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|
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public Thread newThread(Runnable r) { |
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Thread t = new Thread(group, r, |
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namePrefix + threadNumber.getAndIncrement(), |
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0); |
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if (t.isDaemon()) |
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t.setDaemon(false); |
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if (t.getPriority() != Thread.NORM_PRIORITY) |
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t.setPriority(Thread.NORM_PRIORITY); |
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return t; |
512 |
} |
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} |
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|
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/** |
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* Thread factory capturing access control and class loader |
517 |
*/ |
518 |
static class PrivilegedThreadFactory extends DefaultThreadFactory { |
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private final ClassLoader ccl; |
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private final AccessControlContext acc; |
521 |
|
522 |
PrivilegedThreadFactory() { |
523 |
super(); |
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this.ccl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader(); |
525 |
this.acc = AccessController.getContext(); |
526 |
acc.checkPermission(new RuntimePermission("setContextClassLoader")); |
527 |
} |
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|
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public Thread newThread(final Runnable r) { |
530 |
return super.newThread(new Runnable() { |
531 |
public void run() { |
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AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction() { |
533 |
public Object run() { |
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Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(ccl); |
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r.run(); |
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return null; |
537 |
} |
538 |
}, acc); |
539 |
} |
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}); |
541 |
} |
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|
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} |
544 |
|
545 |
/** |
546 |
* A wrapper class that exposes only the ExecutorService methods |
547 |
* of an implementation. |
548 |
*/ |
549 |
static class DelegatedExecutorService extends AbstractExecutorService { |
550 |
private final ExecutorService e; |
551 |
DelegatedExecutorService(ExecutorService executor) { e = executor; } |
552 |
public void execute(Runnable command) { e.execute(command); } |
553 |
public void shutdown() { e.shutdown(); } |
554 |
public List<Runnable> shutdownNow() { return e.shutdownNow(); } |
555 |
public boolean isShutdown() { return e.isShutdown(); } |
556 |
public boolean isTerminated() { return e.isTerminated(); } |
557 |
public boolean awaitTermination(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) |
558 |
throws InterruptedException { |
559 |
return e.awaitTermination(timeout, unit); |
560 |
} |
561 |
public Future<?> submit(Runnable task) { |
562 |
return e.submit(task); |
563 |
} |
564 |
public <T> Future<T> submit(Callable<T> task) { |
565 |
return e.submit(task); |
566 |
} |
567 |
public <T> List<Future<T>> invokeAll(Collection<Callable<T>> tasks) |
568 |
throws InterruptedException { |
569 |
return e.invokeAll(tasks); |
570 |
} |
571 |
public <T> List<Future<T>> invokeAll(Collection<Callable<T>> tasks, |
572 |
long timeout, TimeUnit unit) |
573 |
throws InterruptedException { |
574 |
return e.invokeAll(tasks, timeout, unit); |
575 |
} |
576 |
public <T> T invokeAny(Collection<Callable<T>> tasks) |
577 |
throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException { |
578 |
return e.invokeAny(tasks); |
579 |
} |
580 |
public <T> T invokeAny(Collection<Callable<T>> tasks, |
581 |
long timeout, TimeUnit unit) |
582 |
throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException { |
583 |
return e.invokeAny(tasks, timeout, unit); |
584 |
} |
585 |
} |
586 |
|
587 |
/** |
588 |
* A wrapper class that exposes only the ExecutorService and |
589 |
* ScheduleExecutor methods of a ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor. |
590 |
*/ |
591 |
static class DelegatedScheduledExecutorService |
592 |
extends DelegatedExecutorService |
593 |
implements ScheduledExecutorService { |
594 |
private final ScheduledExecutorService e; |
595 |
DelegatedScheduledExecutorService(ScheduledExecutorService executor) { |
596 |
super(executor); |
597 |
e = executor; |
598 |
} |
599 |
public ScheduledFuture<?> schedule(Runnable command, long delay, TimeUnit unit) { |
600 |
return e.schedule(command, delay, unit); |
601 |
} |
602 |
public <V> ScheduledFuture<V> schedule(Callable<V> callable, long delay, TimeUnit unit) { |
603 |
return e.schedule(callable, delay, unit); |
604 |
} |
605 |
public ScheduledFuture<?> scheduleAtFixedRate(Runnable command, long initialDelay, long period, TimeUnit unit) { |
606 |
return e.scheduleAtFixedRate(command, initialDelay, period, unit); |
607 |
} |
608 |
public ScheduledFuture<?> scheduleWithFixedDelay(Runnable command, long initialDelay, long delay, TimeUnit unit) { |
609 |
return e.scheduleWithFixedDelay(command, initialDelay, delay, unit); |
610 |
} |
611 |
} |
612 |
|
613 |
|
614 |
/** Cannot instantiate. */ |
615 |
private Executors() {} |
616 |
} |