/*
 * Written by Doug Lea with assistance from members of JCP JSR-166
 * Expert Group and released to the public domain, as explained at
 * http://creativecommons.org/licenses/publicdomain
 */

package java.util.concurrent;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.*;
import java.util.*;

/**
 * An unbounded {@linkplain BlockingQueue blocking queue} that uses
 * the same ordering rules as class {@link PriorityQueue} and supplies
 * blocking retrieval operations.  While this queue is logically
 * unbounded, attempted additions may fail due to resource exhaustion
 * (causing {@code OutOfMemoryError}). This class does not permit
 * {@code null} elements.  A priority queue relying on {@linkplain
 * Comparable natural ordering} also does not permit insertion of
 * non-comparable objects (doing so results in
 * {@code ClassCastException}).
 *
 * <p>This class and its iterator implement all of the
 * <em>optional</em> methods of the {@link Collection} and {@link
 * Iterator} interfaces.  The Iterator provided in method {@link
 * #iterator()} is <em>not</em> guaranteed to traverse the elements of
 * the PriorityBlockingQueue in any particular order. If you need
 * ordered traversal, consider using
 * {@code Arrays.sort(pq.toArray())}.  Also, method {@code drainTo}
 * can be used to <em>remove</em> some or all elements in priority
 * order and place them in another collection.
 *
 * <p>Operations on this class make no guarantees about the ordering
 * of elements with equal priority. If you need to enforce an
 * ordering, you can define custom classes or comparators that use a
 * secondary key to break ties in primary priority values.  For
 * example, here is a class that applies first-in-first-out
 * tie-breaking to comparable elements. To use it, you would insert a
 * {@code new FIFOEntry(anEntry)} instead of a plain entry object.
 *
 *  <pre> {@code
 * class FIFOEntry<E extends Comparable<? super E>>
 *     implements Comparable<FIFOEntry<E>> {
 *   static final AtomicLong seq = new AtomicLong(0);
 *   final long seqNum;
 *   final E entry;
 *   public FIFOEntry(E entry) {
 *     seqNum = seq.getAndIncrement();
 *     this.entry = entry;
 *   }
 *   public E getEntry() { return entry; }
 *   public int compareTo(FIFOEntry<E> other) {
 *     int res = entry.compareTo(other.entry);
 *     if (res == 0 && other.entry != this.entry)
 *       res = (seqNum < other.seqNum ? -1 : 1);
 *     return res;
 *   }
 * }}</pre>
 *
 * <p>This class is a member of the
 * <a href="{@docRoot}/../technotes/guides/collections/index.html">
 * Java Collections Framework</a>.
 *
 * @since 1.5
 * @author Doug Lea
 * @param <E> the type of elements held in this collection
 */
public class PriorityBlockingQueue<E> extends AbstractQueue<E>
    implements BlockingQueue<E>, java.io.Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 5595510919245408276L;

    /*
     * This implementation is a variant of the one in
     * java.util.PriorityQueue, with public operations protected with
     * a single lock. However, allocation during resizing uses a
     * simple spinlock (used only while not holding main lock) in
     * order to allow takes to operate concurrently with allocation.
     * This avoids repeated postponement of waiting consumers and
     * consequent build-up. The need to back away from lock during
     * allocation makes it impossible to simply wrap delegated
     * java.util.PriorityQueue operations within a lock; hence code
     * duplication.
     */

    /**
     * Default array capacity.
     */
    private static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 11;

    /**
     * Priority queue represented as a balanced binary heap: the two
     * children of queue[n] are queue[2*n+1] and queue[2*(n+1)].  The
     * priority queue is ordered by comparator, or by the elements'
     * natural ordering, if comparator is null: For each node n in the
     * heap and each descendant d of n, n <= d.  The element with the
     * lowest value is in queue[0], assuming the queue is nonempty.
     */
    private transient Object[] queue;

    /**
     * The number of elements in the priority queue.
     */
    private transient int size = 0;

    /**
     * The comparator, or null if priority queue uses elements'
     * natural ordering.
     */
    private transient Comparator<? super E> comparator;

    /**
     * A plain PriorityQueue used only for serialization,
     * to maintain compatibility with previous versions
     * of this class. Non-null only during serialization/deserialization.
     */
    private PriorityQueue q;

    /**
     * Lock used for all public operations
     */
    final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    private final Condition notEmpty = lock.newCondition();

    /**
     * Spinlock for allocation, acquired via CAS.
     */
    private transient volatile int allocationSpinLock;

    /**
     * Creates a {@code PriorityBlockingQueue} with the default
     * initial capacity (11) that orders its elements according to
     * their {@linkplain Comparable natural ordering}.
     */
    public PriorityBlockingQueue() {
        this(DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY, null);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a {@code PriorityBlockingQueue} with the specified
     * initial capacity that orders its elements according to their
     * {@linkplain Comparable natural ordering}.
     *
     * @param initialCapacity the initial capacity for this priority queue
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code initialCapacity} is less
     *         than 1
     */
    public PriorityBlockingQueue(int initialCapacity) {
        this(initialCapacity, null);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a {@code PriorityBlockingQueue} with the specified initial
     * capacity that orders its elements according to the specified
     * comparator.
     *
     * @param initialCapacity the initial capacity for this priority queue
     * @param  comparator the comparator that will be used to order this
     *         priority queue.  If {@code null}, the {@linkplain Comparable
     *         natural ordering} of the elements will be used.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code initialCapacity} is less
     *         than 1
     */
    public PriorityBlockingQueue(int initialCapacity,
                                 Comparator<? super E> comparator) {
        if (initialCapacity < 1)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        this.queue = new Object[initialCapacity];
        this.comparator = comparator;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a {@code PriorityBlockingQueue} containing the elements
     * in the specified collection.  If the specified collection is a
     * {@link SortedSet} or a {@link PriorityQueue},  this
     * priority queue will be ordered according to the same ordering.
     * Otherwise, this priority queue will be ordered according to the
     * {@linkplain Comparable natural ordering} of its elements.
     *
     * @param  c the collection whose elements are to be placed
     *         into this priority queue
     * @throws ClassCastException if elements of the specified collection
     *         cannot be compared to one another according to the priority
     *         queue's ordering
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection or any
     *         of its elements are null
     */
    public PriorityBlockingQueue(Collection<? extends E> c) {
        if (c instanceof SortedSet<?>) {
            SortedSet<? extends E> ss = (SortedSet<? extends E>) c;
            this.comparator = (Comparator<? super E>) ss.comparator();
            initElementsFromCollection(ss);
        }
        else if (c instanceof PriorityBlockingQueue<?>) {
            PriorityBlockingQueue<? extends E> pq =
                (PriorityBlockingQueue<? extends E>) c;
            this.comparator = (Comparator<? super E>) pq.comparator();
            initFromPriorityBlockingQueue(pq);
        }
        else {
            this.comparator = null;
            initFromCollection(c);
        }
    }

    private void initFromPriorityBlockingQueue(PriorityBlockingQueue<? extends E> c) {
        if (c.getClass() == PriorityBlockingQueue.class) {
            this.queue = c.toArray();
            this.size = c.size();
        } else {
            initFromCollection(c);
        }
    }

    private void initElementsFromCollection(Collection<? extends E> c) {
        Object[] a = c.toArray();
        // If c.toArray incorrectly doesn't return Object[], copy it.
        if (a.getClass() != Object[].class)
            a = Arrays.copyOf(a, a.length, Object[].class);
        int len = a.length;
        if (len == 1 || this.comparator != null)
            for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
                if (a[i] == null)
                    throw new NullPointerException();
        this.queue = a;
        this.size = a.length;
    }

    /**
     * Initializes queue array with elements from the given Collection.
     *
     * @param c the collection
     */
    private void initFromCollection(Collection<? extends E> c) {
        initElementsFromCollection(c);
        heapify();
    }

    /**
     * Tries to grow array to at least minCap, giving up (allowing
     * retry) on contention. Call only while holding lock.
     */
    private void tryGrow(int minCap, Object[] array, int oldCap) {
        lock.unlock(); // must release and then re-acquire main lock
        Object[] newArray = null;
        if (allocationSpinLock == 0 &&
            UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, allocationSpinLockOffset,
                                     0, 1)) {
            try {
                int newCap = oldCap + ((oldCap < 64) ?
                                       (oldCap + 2) :
                                       (oldCap >> 1));
                if (newCap - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0) { // possible overflow
                    if (minCap < 0 || minCap > MAX_ARRAY_SIZE)
                        throw new OutOfMemoryError();
                    newCap = MAX_ARRAY_SIZE;
                }
                if (queue == array && newCap > array.length)
                    newArray = new Object[newCap];
            } finally {
                allocationSpinLock = 0;
            }
        }
        else
            Thread.yield();
        lock.lock();
        if (newArray != null && queue == array) {
            System.arraycopy(array, 0, newArray, 0, minCap);
            queue = newArray;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Mechanics for poll().  Call only while holding lock.
     */
    private E internalPoll() {
        int s = size - 1;
        if (s >= 0) {
            size = s;
            E result = (E) queue[0];
            E x = (E) queue[s];
            queue[s] = null;
            if (s != 0)
                siftDown(0, x);
            return result;
        }
        else
            return null;
    }

    /**
     * Inserts item x at position k, maintaining heap invariant by
     * promoting x up the tree until it is greater than or equal to
     * its parent, or is the root.
     *
     * To simplify and speed up coercions and comparisons. the
     * Comparable and Comparator versions are separated into different
     * methods that are otherwise identical. (Similarly for siftDown.)
     *
     * @param k the position to fill
     * @param x the item to insert
     */
    private void siftUp(int k, E x) {
        if (comparator != null)
            siftUpUsingComparator(k, x);
        else
            siftUpComparable(k, x);
    }

    private void siftUpComparable(int k, E x) {
        Comparable<? super E> key = (Comparable<? super E>) x;
        while (k > 0) {
            int parent = (k - 1) >>> 1;
            Object e = queue[parent];
            if (key.compareTo((E) e) >= 0)
                break;
            queue[k] = e;
            k = parent;
        }
        queue[k] = key;
    }

    private void siftUpUsingComparator(int k, E x) {
        while (k > 0) {
            int parent = (k - 1) >>> 1;
            Object e = queue[parent];
            if (comparator.compare(x, (E) e) >= 0)
                break;
            queue[k] = e;
            k = parent;
        }
        queue[k] = x;
    }

    /**
     * Inserts item x at position k, maintaining heap invariant by
     * demoting x down the tree repeatedly until it is less than or
     * equal to its children or is a leaf.
     *
     * @param k the position to fill
     * @param x the item to insert
     */
    private void siftDown(int k, E x) {
        if (comparator != null)
            siftDownUsingComparator(k, x);
        else
            siftDownComparable(k, x);
    }

    private void siftDownComparable(int k, E x) {
        Comparable<? super E> key = (Comparable<? super E>)x;
        int half = size >>> 1;        // loop while a non-leaf
        while (k < half) {
            int child = (k << 1) + 1; // assume left child is least
            Object c = queue[child];
            int right = child + 1;
            if (right < size &&
                ((Comparable<? super E>) c).compareTo((E) queue[right]) > 0)
                c = queue[child = right];
            if (key.compareTo((E) c) <= 0)
                break;
            queue[k] = c;
            k = child;
        }
        queue[k] = key;
    }

    private void siftDownUsingComparator(int k, E x) {
        int half = size >>> 1;
        while (k < half) {
            int child = (k << 1) + 1;
            Object c = queue[child];
            int right = child + 1;
            if (right < size &&
                comparator.compare((E) c, (E) queue[right]) > 0)
                c = queue[child = right];
            if (comparator.compare(x, (E) c) <= 0)
                break;
            queue[k] = c;
            k = child;
        }
        queue[k] = x;
    }

    /**
     * Establishes the heap invariant (described above) in the entire tree,
     * assuming nothing about the order of the elements prior to the call.
     */
    private void heapify() {
        for (int i = (size >>> 1) - 1; i >= 0; i--)
            siftDown(i, (E) queue[i]);
    }

    /**
     * The maximum size of array to allocate.
     * Some VMs reserve some header words in an array.
     * Attempts to allocate larger arrays may result in
     * OutOfMemoryError: Requested array size exceeds VM limit
     */
    private static final int MAX_ARRAY_SIZE = Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8;

    /**
     * Inserts the specified element into this priority queue.
     *
     * @param e the element to add
     * @return {@code true} (as specified by {@link Collection#add})
     * @throws ClassCastException if the specified element cannot be compared
     *         with elements currently in the priority queue according to the
     *         priority queue's ordering
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null
     */
    public boolean add(E e) {
        return offer(e);
    }

    /**
     * Inserts the specified element into this priority queue.
     * As the queue is unbounded, this method will never return {@code false}.
     *
     * @param e the element to add
     * @return {@code true} (as specified by {@link Queue#offer})
     * @throws ClassCastException if the specified element cannot be compared
     *         with elements currently in the priority queue according to the
     *         priority queue's ordering
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null
     */
    public boolean offer(E e) {
        if (e == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        int len, cap;
        Object[] array;
        while ((len = size) >= (cap = (array = queue).length))
            tryGrow(len, array, cap);
        try {
            size = len + 1;
            if (len == 0)
                array[0] = e;
            else
                siftUp(len, e);
            notEmpty.signal();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Inserts the specified element into this priority queue.
     * As the queue is unbounded, this method will never block.
     *
     * @param e the element to add
     * @throws ClassCastException if the specified element cannot be compared
     *         with elements currently in the priority queue according to the
     *         priority queue's ordering
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null
     */
    public void put(E e) {
        offer(e); // never need to block
    }

    /**
     * Inserts the specified element into this priority queue.
     * As the queue is unbounded, this method will never block or
     * return {@code false}.
     *
     * @param e the element to add
     * @param timeout This parameter is ignored as the method never blocks
     * @param unit This parameter is ignored as the method never blocks
     * @return {@code true} always
     * @throws ClassCastException if the specified element cannot be compared
     *         with elements currently in the priority queue according to the
     *         priority queue's ordering
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null
     */
    public boolean offer(E e, long timeout, TimeUnit unit) {
        return offer(e); // never need to block
    }

    public E poll() {
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            return internalPoll();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public E take() throws InterruptedException {
        E result = null;
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lockInterruptibly();
        try {
            while ( (result = internalPoll()) == null)
                notEmpty.await();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
        return result;
    }

    public E poll(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException {
        long nanos = unit.toNanos(timeout);
        E result = null;
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lockInterruptibly();
        try {
            while ( (result = internalPoll()) == null && nanos > 0)
                nanos = notEmpty.awaitNanos(nanos);
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
        return result;
    }

    public E peek() {
        E result = null;
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            if (size >= 0)
                result = (E) queue[0];
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the comparator used to order the elements in this queue,
     * or {@code null} if this queue uses the {@linkplain Comparable
     * natural ordering} of its elements.
     *
     * @return the comparator used to order the elements in this queue,
     *         or {@code null} if this queue uses the natural
     *         ordering of its elements
     */
    public Comparator<? super E> comparator() {
        return comparator;
    }

    public int size() {
        int n;
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            n = size;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
        return n;
    }

    /**
     * Always returns {@code Integer.MAX_VALUE} because
     * a {@code PriorityBlockingQueue} is not capacity constrained.
     * @return {@code Integer.MAX_VALUE} always
     */
    public int remainingCapacity() {
        return Integer.MAX_VALUE;
    }

    private int indexOf(Object o) {
        if (o != null) {
            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
                if (o.equals(queue[i]))
                    return i;
        }
        return -1;
    }

    /**
     * Removes the ith element from queue.
     */
    private void removeAt(int i) {
        int s = --size;
        if (s == i) // removed last element
            queue[i] = null;
        else {
            E moved = (E) queue[s];
            queue[s] = null;
            siftDown(i, moved);
            if (queue[i] == moved)
                siftUp(i, moved);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Removes a single instance of the specified element from this queue,
     * if it is present.  More formally, removes an element {@code e} such
     * that {@code o.equals(e)}, if this queue contains one or more such
     * elements.  Returns {@code true} if and only if this queue contained
     * the specified element (or equivalently, if this queue changed as a
     * result of the call).
     *
     * @param o element to be removed from this queue, if present
     * @return {@code true} if this queue changed as a result of the call
     */
    public boolean remove(Object o) {
        boolean removed = false;
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            int i = indexOf(o);
            if (i != -1) {
                removeAt(i);
                removed = true;
            }
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
        return removed;
    }


    /**
     * Identity-based version for use in Itr.remove
     */
    private void removeEQ(Object o) {
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                if (o == queue[i]) {
                    removeAt(i);
                    break;
                }
            }
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns {@code true} if this queue contains the specified element.
     * More formally, returns {@code true} if and only if this queue contains
     * at least one element {@code e} such that {@code o.equals(e)}.
     *
     * @param o object to be checked for containment in this queue
     * @return {@code true} if this queue contains the specified element
     */
    public boolean contains(Object o) {
        int index;
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            index = indexOf(o);
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
        return index != -1;
    }

    /**
     * Returns an array containing all of the elements in this queue.
     * The returned array elements are in no particular order.
     *
     * <p>The returned array will be "safe" in that no references to it are
     * maintained by this queue.  (In other words, this method must allocate
     * a new array).  The caller is thus free to modify the returned array.
     *
     * <p>This method acts as bridge between array-based and collection-based
     * APIs.
     *
     * @return an array containing all of the elements in this queue
     */
    public Object[] toArray() {
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            return Arrays.copyOf(queue, size);
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }


    public String toString() {
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            int n = size;
            if (n == 0)
                return "[]";
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            sb.append('[');
            for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
                E e = (E)queue[i];
                sb.append(e == this ? "(this Collection)" : e);
                if (i != n - 1)
                    sb.append(',').append(' ');
            }
            return sb.append(']').toString();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException {@inheritDoc}
     * @throws ClassCastException            {@inheritDoc}
     * @throws NullPointerException          {@inheritDoc}
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException      {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public int drainTo(Collection<? super E> c) {
        if (c == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        if (c == this)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            int n = 0;
            E e;
            while ( (e = internalPoll()) != null) {
                c.add(e);
                ++n;
            }
            return n;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException {@inheritDoc}
     * @throws ClassCastException            {@inheritDoc}
     * @throws NullPointerException          {@inheritDoc}
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException      {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public int drainTo(Collection<? super E> c, int maxElements) {
        if (c == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        if (c == this)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        if (maxElements <= 0)
            return 0;
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            int n = 0;
            E e;
            while (n < maxElements && (e = internalPoll()) != null) {
                c.add(e);
                ++n;
            }
            return n;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Atomically removes all of the elements from this queue.
     * The queue will be empty after this call returns.
     */
    public void clear() {
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
                queue[i] = null;
            size = 0;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns an array containing all of the elements in this queue; the
     * runtime type of the returned array is that of the specified array.
     * The returned array elements are in no particular order.
     * If the queue fits in the specified array, it is returned therein.
     * Otherwise, a new array is allocated with the runtime type of the
     * specified array and the size of this queue.
     *
     * <p>If this queue fits in the specified array with room to spare
     * (i.e., the array has more elements than this queue), the element in
     * the array immediately following the end of the queue is set to
     * {@code null}.
     *
     * <p>Like the {@link #toArray()} method, this method acts as bridge between
     * array-based and collection-based APIs.  Further, this method allows
     * precise control over the runtime type of the output array, and may,
     * under certain circumstances, be used to save allocation costs.
     *
     * <p>Suppose {@code x} is a queue known to contain only strings.
     * The following code can be used to dump the queue into a newly
     * allocated array of {@code String}:
     *
     * <pre>
     *     String[] y = x.toArray(new String[0]);</pre>
     *
     * Note that {@code toArray(new Object[0])} is identical in function to
     * {@code toArray()}.
     *
     * @param a the array into which the elements of the queue are to
     *          be stored, if it is big enough; otherwise, a new array of the
     *          same runtime type is allocated for this purpose
     * @return an array containing all of the elements in this queue
     * @throws ArrayStoreException if the runtime type of the specified array
     *         is not a supertype of the runtime type of every element in
     *         this queue
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified array is null
     */
    public <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) {
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            if (a.length < size)
                // Make a new array of a's runtime type, but my contents:
                return (T[]) Arrays.copyOf(queue, size, a.getClass());
            System.arraycopy(queue, 0, a, 0, size);
            if (a.length > size)
                a[size] = null;
            return a;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns an iterator over the elements in this queue. The
     * iterator does not return the elements in any particular order.
     * The returned {@code Iterator} is a "weakly consistent"
     * iterator that will never throw {@link
     * ConcurrentModificationException}, and guarantees to traverse
     * elements as they existed upon construction of the iterator, and
     * may (but is not guaranteed to) reflect any modifications
     * subsequent to construction.
     *
     * @return an iterator over the elements in this queue
     */
    public Iterator<E> iterator() {
        return new Itr(toArray());
    }

    /**
     * Snapshot iterator that works off copy of underlying q array.
     */
    final class Itr implements Iterator<E> {
        final Object[] array; // Array of all elements
        int cursor;           // index of next element to return;
        int lastRet;          // index of last element, or -1 if no such

        Itr(Object[] array) {
            lastRet = -1;
            this.array = array;
        }

        public boolean hasNext() {
            return cursor < array.length;
        }

        public E next() {
            if (cursor >= array.length)
                throw new NoSuchElementException();
            lastRet = cursor;
            return (E)array[cursor++];
        }

        public void remove() {
            if (lastRet < 0)
                throw new IllegalStateException();
            removeEQ(array[lastRet]);
            lastRet = -1;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Saves the state to a stream (that is, serializes it).  For
     * compatibility with previous version of this class,
     * elements are first copied to a java.util.PriorityQueue,
     * which is then serialized.
     */
    private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s)
        throws java.io.IOException {
        lock.lock();
        try {
            int n = size; // avoid zero capacity argument
            q = new PriorityQueue<E>(n == 0 ? 1 : n, comparator);
            q.addAll(this);
            s.defaultWriteObject();
            q = null;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Reconstitutes the {@code PriorityBlockingQueue} instance from a stream
     * (that is, deserializes it).
     *
     * @param s the stream
     */
    private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s)
        throws java.io.IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
        s.defaultReadObject();
        this.queue = new Object[q.size()];
        comparator = q.comparator();
        addAll(q);
        q = null;
    }

    // Unsafe mechanics
    private static final sun.misc.Unsafe UNSAFE = sun.misc.Unsafe.getUnsafe();
    private static final long allocationSpinLockOffset =
        objectFieldOffset(UNSAFE, "allocationSpinLock",
                          PriorityBlockingQueue.class);

    static long objectFieldOffset(sun.misc.Unsafe UNSAFE,
                                  String field, Class<?> klazz) {
        try {
            return UNSAFE.objectFieldOffset(klazz.getDeclaredField(field));
        } catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
            // Convert Exception to corresponding Error
            NoSuchFieldError error = new NoSuchFieldError(field);
            error.initCause(e);
            throw error;
        }
    }

}