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/* |
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* Written by Doug Lea with assistance from members of JCP JSR-166 |
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* Expert Group and released to the public domain, as explained at |
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* http://creativecommons.org/licenses/publicdomain |
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* http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ |
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*/ |
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import java.util.*; |
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import java.io.*; |
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import java.math.*; |
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/** |
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* A micro-benchmark with key types and operation mixes roughly |
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* corresponding to some real programs. |
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* |
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* |
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* The main results are a table of approximate nanoseconds per |
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* element-operation (averaged across get, put etc) for each type, |
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* across a range of map sizes. It also includes category "Mixed" |
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* dynamic type specialization. Some test classes, like Float and |
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* BigDecimal are included not because they are commonly used as keys, |
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* but because they can be problematic for some map implementations. |
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* |
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* |
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* By default, it creates and inserts in order dense numerical keys |
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* and searches for keys in scrambled order. Use "r" as second arg to |
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* instead use random numerical values, and "s" as third arg to search |
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* in insertion order. |
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* and searches for keys in scrambled order. Use "s" as second arg to |
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* instead insert and search in unscrambled order. |
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* |
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* For String keys, the program tries to use file "testwords.txt", which |
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* is best used with real words. We can't check in this file, but you |
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* can create one from a real dictionary (1 line per word) and then run |
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* linux "shuf" to randomize entries. If no file exists, it uses |
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* String.valueOf(i) for element i. |
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*/ |
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public class MapMicroBenchmark { |
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static Class mapClass; |
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static final String wordFile = "testwords.txt"; |
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|
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static Class<?> mapClass; |
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static boolean randomSearches = true; |
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static boolean randomKeys = false; |
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// Nanoseconds per run |
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static final long NANOS_PER_JOB = 6L * 1000L*1000L*1000L; |
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|
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// map operations per item per iteration -- change if job.work changed |
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static final int OPS_PER_ITER = 11; |
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static final int MIN_ITERS_PER_TEST = 3; |
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static final int MIN_ITERS_PER_TEST = 3; // must be > 1 |
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static final int MAX_ITERS_PER_TEST = 1000000; // avoid runaway |
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// sizes are at halfway points for HashMap default resizes |
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System.out.println("Usage: java MapMicroBenchmark className [r|s]keys [r|s]searches"); |
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return; |
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} |
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mapClass = Class.forName(args[0]); |
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if (args.length > 1) { |
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if (args[1].startsWith("s")) |
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randomKeys = false; |
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else if (args[1].startsWith("r")) |
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randomKeys = true; |
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} |
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if (args.length > 2) { |
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if (args[2].startsWith("s")) |
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randomSearches = false; |
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else if (args[2].startsWith("r")) |
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else if (args[1].startsWith("r")) |
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randomSearches = true; |
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} |
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System.out.print("Class " + mapClass.getName()); |
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if (randomKeys) |
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System.out.print(" random keys"); |
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else |
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System.out.print(" sequential keys"); |
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if (randomSearches) |
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System.out.print(" randomized searches"); |
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else |
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} |
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sizes[nsizes - 1] = n; |
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|
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int njobs = 9; |
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int njobs = 10; |
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Job[] jobs = new Job[njobs]; |
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|
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Object[] os = new Object[n]; |
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Object[] ss = new Object[n]; |
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Object[] is = new Object[n]; |
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Object[] ls = new Object[n]; |
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Object[] fs = new Object[n]; |
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Object[] ds = new Object[n]; |
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Object[] bs = new Object[n]; |
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Object[] es = new Object[n]; |
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Object[] ms = new Object[n]; |
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|
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for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { |
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os[i] = new Object(); |
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} |
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|
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// To guarantee uniqueness, use xorshift for "random" versions |
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int rnd = 3122688; |
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for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { |
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rnd = xorshift(rnd); |
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int j = randomKeys? rnd : i; |
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ss[i] = String.valueOf(j); |
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} |
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|
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for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { |
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rnd = xorshift(rnd); |
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int j = randomKeys? rnd : i; |
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is[i] = Integer.valueOf(j); |
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} |
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|
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for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { |
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rnd = xorshift(rnd); |
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int j = randomKeys? rnd : i; |
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ls[i] = Long.valueOf((long)j); |
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} |
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|
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for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { |
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// rnd = xorshift(rnd); |
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// int j = randomKeys? rnd : i; |
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fs[i] = Float.valueOf((float)i); // can't use random for float |
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} |
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|
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for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { |
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rnd = xorshift(rnd); |
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int j = randomKeys? rnd : i; |
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ds[i] = Double.valueOf((double)j); |
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} |
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|
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for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { |
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rnd = xorshift(rnd); |
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int j = randomKeys? rnd : i; |
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bs[i] = BigInteger.valueOf(j); |
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} |
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|
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for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { |
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rnd = xorshift(rnd); |
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int j = randomKeys? rnd : i; |
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es[i] = BigDecimal.valueOf(j); |
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} |
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Job[] jobs = new Job[njobs]; |
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for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) os[i] = new Object(); |
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jobs[0] = new Job("Object ", os, Object.class); |
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|
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Object[] ss = new Object[n]; |
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initStringKeys(ss, n); |
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jobs[1] = new Job("String ", ss, String.class); |
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|
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Object[] is = new Object[n]; |
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for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) is[i] = Integer.valueOf(i); |
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jobs[2] = new Job("Integer ", is, Integer.class); |
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|
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Object[] ls = new Object[n]; |
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for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) ls[i] = Long.valueOf((long) i); |
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jobs[3] = new Job("Long ", ls, Long.class); |
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|
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Object[] fs = new Object[n]; |
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for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) fs[i] = Float.valueOf((float) i); |
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jobs[4] = new Job("Float ", fs, Float.class); |
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|
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Object[] ds = new Object[n]; |
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for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) ds[i] = Double.valueOf((double) i); |
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jobs[5] = new Job("Double ", ds, Double.class); |
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|
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Object[] bs = new Object[n]; |
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long b = -n; // include some negatives |
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for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) bs[i] = BigInteger.valueOf(b += 3); |
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jobs[6] = new Job("BigInteger", bs, BigInteger.class); |
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|
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Object[] es = new Object[n]; |
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long d = Integer.MAX_VALUE; // include crummy codes |
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for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) es[i] = BigDecimal.valueOf(d += 65536); |
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jobs[7] = new Job("BigDecimal", es, BigDecimal.class); |
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|
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for (int i = 0; i < n; i +=2) { |
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rnd = xorshift(rnd); |
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int j = (rnd & 7); // change if njobs changes |
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ms[i] = jobs[j].items[i]; |
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j = (j + 1) & 7; |
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ms[i+1] = jobs[j].items[i]; |
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} |
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Object[] rs = new Object[n]; |
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for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) rs[i] = new RandomInt(); |
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jobs[8] = new Job("RandomInt ", rs, RandomInt.class); |
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|
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jobs[8] = new Job("Mixed ", ms, Object.class); |
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Object[] ms = new Object[n]; |
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for (int i = 0; i < n; i += 2) { |
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int r = rng.nextInt(njobs - 1); |
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ms[i] = jobs[r].items[i]; |
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// include some that will have same hash but not .equal |
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if (++r >= njobs - 1) r = 0; |
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ms[i+1] = jobs[r].items[i]; |
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} |
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jobs[9] = new Job("Mixed ", ms, Object.class); |
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Job mixed = jobs[9]; |
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|
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warmup1(jobs[8]); |
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warmup1(mixed); |
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warmup2(jobs); |
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warmup1(jobs[8]); |
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warmup1(mixed); |
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warmup3(jobs); |
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warmup1(jobs[8]); |
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Thread.sleep(500); |
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time(jobs); |
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time(jobs); |
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} |
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static void runWork(Job[] jobs, int minIters, int maxIters, long timeLimit) throws Throwable { |
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for (int k = 0; k < nsizes; ++k) { |
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for (int k = 0; k < nsizes; ++k) { |
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int len = sizes[k]; |
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for (int i = 0; i < jobs.length; i++) { |
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Thread.sleep(50); |
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// First warmup -- run only mixed job to discourage type specialization |
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static void warmup1(Job job) throws Throwable { |
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for (int k = 0; k < nsizes; ++k) |
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> |
for (int k = 0; k < nsizes; ++k) |
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job.work(sizes[k], 1, 1, 0); |
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} |
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long[] aves = new long[nsizes]; |
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int njobs = jobs.length; |
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|
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< |
for (int i = 0; i < njobs; i++) { |
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> |
for (int i = 0; i < njobs; i++) { |
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System.out.print(jobs[i].name); |
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for (int k = 0; k < nsizes; ++k) { |
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long nanos = jobs[i].nanos[k]; |
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static final class Job { |
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< |
final String name; |
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< |
final Class elementClass; |
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> |
final String name; |
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> |
final Class<?> elementClass; |
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long[] nanos = new long[nsizes]; |
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final Object[] items; |
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Object[] searches; |
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volatile long checkSum; |
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volatile int lastSum; |
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< |
Job(String name, Object[] items, Class elementClass) { |
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> |
Job(String name, Object[] items, Class<?> elementClass) { |
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this.name = name; |
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this.items = items; |
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this.elementClass = elementClass; |
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public long work(int len, int minIters, int maxIters, long timeLimit) { |
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Map m; |
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try { |
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< |
m = (Map)mapClass.newInstance(); |
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< |
} catch(Exception e) { |
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> |
m = (Map) mapClass.newInstance(); |
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> |
} catch (Exception e) { |
| 241 |
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throw new RuntimeException("Can't instantiate " + mapClass + ": " + e); |
| 242 |
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} |
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Object[] ins = items; |
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sum += len - half; |
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for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i) { |
| 263 |
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Object x = keys[i]; |
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< |
Object v = m.get(x); |
| 264 |
> |
Object v = m.get(x); |
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if (elementClass.isInstance(v)) // touch v |
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++sum; |
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} |
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} |
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checkSum += sum ^ (sum << 3); |
| 275 |
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for (Object e : m.keySet()) { |
| 276 |
< |
if (elementClass.isInstance(e)) |
| 276 |
> |
if (elementClass.isInstance(e)) |
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++sum; |
| 278 |
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} |
| 279 |
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checkSum += sum ^ (sum << 4); |
| 280 |
|
for (Object e : m.values()) { |
| 281 |
< |
if (elementClass.isInstance(e)) |
| 281 |
> |
if (elementClass.isInstance(e)) |
| 282 |
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++sum; |
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} |
| 284 |
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checkSum += sum ^ (sum << 5); |
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if (m.remove(x) != null) |
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++sum; |
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} |
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+ |
for (int i = 0; i < quarter; ++i) { |
| 333 |
+ |
Object x = keys[i]; |
| 334 |
+ |
if (m.put(x, x) == null) |
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+ |
++sum; |
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+ |
} |
| 337 |
+ |
/* // uncomment to avoid calling clear() |
| 338 |
+ |
for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i) { |
| 339 |
+ |
Object x = keys[i]; |
| 340 |
+ |
m.remove(x); |
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+ |
} |
| 342 |
+ |
*/ |
| 343 |
|
m.clear(); |
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< |
sum += len - quarter; |
| 344 |
> |
sum += len - (quarter * 2); |
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|
checkSum += sum ^ (sum << 12); |
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|
| 347 |
+ |
if (j == 0 && sum != lastSum + len * OPS_PER_ITER) |
| 348 |
+ |
throw new Error(name); |
| 349 |
+ |
|
| 350 |
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elapsed = System.nanoTime() - startTime; |
| 351 |
|
++j; |
| 352 |
|
if (j >= minIters && |
| 353 |
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(j >= maxIters || elapsed >= timeLimit)) |
| 354 |
|
break; |
| 355 |
+ |
// non-warmup - swap some keys for next insert |
| 356 |
+ |
if (minIters != 1 && randomSearches) |
| 357 |
+ |
shuffleSome(ins, len, len >>> 3); |
| 358 |
|
} |
| 359 |
< |
long ops = ((long)j) * len * OPS_PER_ITER; |
| 375 |
< |
if (sum != lastSum + (int)ops) |
| 376 |
< |
throw new Error(name); |
| 359 |
> |
long ops = ((long) j) * len * OPS_PER_ITER; |
| 360 |
|
lastSum = sum; |
| 361 |
|
return elapsed / ops; |
| 362 |
|
} |
| 363 |
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|
| 364 |
|
} |
| 365 |
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|
| 383 |
– |
static final int xorshift(int seed) { |
| 384 |
– |
seed ^= seed << 1; |
| 385 |
– |
seed ^= seed >>> 3; |
| 386 |
– |
seed ^= seed << 10; |
| 387 |
– |
return seed; |
| 388 |
– |
} |
| 389 |
– |
|
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|
| 367 |
|
static final Random rng = new Random(3122688); |
| 368 |
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|
| 371 |
|
// more realistic |
| 372 |
|
static void scramble(Object[] a) { |
| 373 |
|
for (int k = 0; k < sizes.length; ++k) { |
| 374 |
< |
int origin = k == 0? 0 : sizes[k-1]; |
| 374 |
> |
int origin = (k == 0) ? 0 : sizes[k-1]; |
| 375 |
|
for (int i = sizes[k]; i > origin + 1; i--) { |
| 376 |
|
Object t = a[i-1]; |
| 377 |
|
int r = rng.nextInt(i - origin) + origin; |
| 379 |
|
a[r] = t; |
| 380 |
|
} |
| 381 |
|
} |
| 382 |
< |
} |
| 382 |
> |
} |
| 383 |
|
|
| 384 |
|
// plain array shuffle |
| 385 |
|
static void shuffle(Object[] a, int size) { |
| 386 |
< |
for (int i= size; i>1; i--) { |
| 386 |
> |
for (int i = size; i > 1; i--) { |
| 387 |
|
Object t = a[i-1]; |
| 388 |
|
int r = rng.nextInt(i); |
| 389 |
|
a[i-1] = a[r]; |
| 391 |
|
} |
| 392 |
|
} |
| 393 |
|
|
| 394 |
+ |
// swap nswaps elements |
| 395 |
+ |
static void shuffleSome(Object[] a, int size, int nswaps) { |
| 396 |
+ |
for (int s = 0; s < nswaps; ++s) { |
| 397 |
+ |
int i = rng.nextInt(size); |
| 398 |
+ |
int r = rng.nextInt(size); |
| 399 |
+ |
Object t = a[i]; |
| 400 |
+ |
a[i] = a[r]; |
| 401 |
+ |
a[r] = t; |
| 402 |
+ |
} |
| 403 |
+ |
} |
| 404 |
|
|
| 405 |
+ |
// Integer-like class with random hash codes |
| 406 |
+ |
static final class RandomInt { |
| 407 |
+ |
static int seed = 3122688; |
| 408 |
+ |
static int next() { // a non-xorshift, 2^32-period RNG |
| 409 |
+ |
int x = seed; |
| 410 |
+ |
int lo = 16807 * (x & 0xFFFF); |
| 411 |
+ |
int hi = 16807 * (x >>> 16); |
| 412 |
+ |
lo += (hi & 0x7FFF) << 16; |
| 413 |
+ |
if ((lo & 0x80000000) != 0) { |
| 414 |
+ |
lo &= 0x7fffffff; |
| 415 |
+ |
++lo; |
| 416 |
+ |
} |
| 417 |
+ |
lo += hi >>> 15; |
| 418 |
+ |
if (lo == 0 || (lo & 0x80000000) != 0) { |
| 419 |
+ |
lo &= 0x7fffffff; |
| 420 |
+ |
++lo; |
| 421 |
+ |
} |
| 422 |
+ |
seed = lo; |
| 423 |
+ |
return x; |
| 424 |
+ |
} |
| 425 |
+ |
final int value; |
| 426 |
+ |
RandomInt() { value = next(); } |
| 427 |
+ |
public int hashCode() { return value; } |
| 428 |
+ |
public boolean equals(Object x) { |
| 429 |
+ |
return (x instanceof RandomInt) && ((RandomInt)x).value == value; |
| 430 |
+ |
} |
| 431 |
+ |
} |
| 432 |
|
|
| 433 |
< |
} |
| 433 |
> |
// Read in String keys from file if possible |
| 434 |
> |
static void initStringKeys(Object[] keys, int n) throws Exception { |
| 435 |
> |
FileInputStream fr = null; |
| 436 |
> |
try { |
| 437 |
> |
fr = new FileInputStream(wordFile); |
| 438 |
> |
} catch (IOException ex) { |
| 439 |
> |
System.out.println("No word file. Using String.valueOf(i)"); |
| 440 |
> |
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) |
| 441 |
> |
keys[i] = String.valueOf(i); |
| 442 |
> |
return; |
| 443 |
> |
} |
| 444 |
|
|
| 445 |
+ |
BufferedInputStream in = new BufferedInputStream(fr); |
| 446 |
+ |
int k = 0; |
| 447 |
+ |
outer: while (k < n) { |
| 448 |
+ |
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); |
| 449 |
+ |
for (;;) { |
| 450 |
+ |
int c = in.read(); |
| 451 |
+ |
if (c < 0) |
| 452 |
+ |
break outer; |
| 453 |
+ |
char ch = (char) c; |
| 454 |
+ |
if (ch == '\n') { |
| 455 |
+ |
keys[k++] = sb.toString(); |
| 456 |
+ |
break; |
| 457 |
+ |
} |
| 458 |
+ |
if (!Character.isWhitespace(ch)) |
| 459 |
+ |
sb.append(ch); |
| 460 |
+ |
} |
| 461 |
+ |
} |
| 462 |
+ |
in.close(); |
| 463 |
+ |
|
| 464 |
+ |
// fill up remaining keys with path-like compounds of previous pairs |
| 465 |
+ |
int j = 0; |
| 466 |
+ |
while (k < n) |
| 467 |
+ |
keys[k++] = (String) keys[j++] + "/" + (String) keys[j]; |
| 468 |
+ |
} |
| 469 |
+ |
|
| 470 |
+ |
} |
