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Comparing jsr166/src/test/tck/CompletableFutureTest.java (file contents):
Revision 1.123 by jsr166, Tue Sep 8 19:45:35 2015 UTC vs.
Revision 1.153 by jsr166, Sun Jun 26 19:17:08 2016 UTC

# Line 7 | Line 7
7  
8   import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS;
9   import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.SECONDS;
10 + import static java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.completedFuture;
11 + import static java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.failedFuture;
12  
13   import java.lang.reflect.Method;
14   import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
# Line 28 | Line 30 | import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionExc
30   import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
31   import java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool;
32   import java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinTask;
33 + import java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException;
34   import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
35   import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
36   import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
# Line 36 | Line 39 | import java.util.function.BiConsumer;
39   import java.util.function.BiFunction;
40   import java.util.function.Consumer;
41   import java.util.function.Function;
42 + import java.util.function.Predicate;
43   import java.util.function.Supplier;
44  
45 + import junit.framework.AssertionFailedError;
46   import junit.framework.Test;
47   import junit.framework.TestSuite;
48  
# Line 455 | Line 460 | public class CompletableFutureTest exten
460      class FailingSupplier extends CheckedAction
461          implements Supplier<Integer>
462      {
463 <        FailingSupplier(ExecutionMode m) { super(m); }
463 >        final CFException ex;
464 >        FailingSupplier(ExecutionMode m) { super(m); ex = new CFException(); }
465          public Integer get() {
466              invoked();
467 <            throw new CFException();
467 >            throw ex;
468          }
469      }
470  
471      class FailingConsumer extends CheckedIntegerAction
472          implements Consumer<Integer>
473      {
474 <        FailingConsumer(ExecutionMode m) { super(m); }
474 >        final CFException ex;
475 >        FailingConsumer(ExecutionMode m) { super(m); ex = new CFException(); }
476          public void accept(Integer x) {
477              invoked();
478              value = x;
479 <            throw new CFException();
479 >            throw ex;
480          }
481      }
482  
483      class FailingBiConsumer extends CheckedIntegerAction
484          implements BiConsumer<Integer, Integer>
485      {
486 <        FailingBiConsumer(ExecutionMode m) { super(m); }
486 >        final CFException ex;
487 >        FailingBiConsumer(ExecutionMode m) { super(m); ex = new CFException(); }
488          public void accept(Integer x, Integer y) {
489              invoked();
490              value = subtract(x, y);
491 <            throw new CFException();
491 >            throw ex;
492          }
493      }
494  
495      class FailingFunction extends CheckedIntegerAction
496          implements Function<Integer, Integer>
497      {
498 <        FailingFunction(ExecutionMode m) { super(m); }
498 >        final CFException ex;
499 >        FailingFunction(ExecutionMode m) { super(m); ex = new CFException(); }
500          public Integer apply(Integer x) {
501              invoked();
502              value = x;
503 <            throw new CFException();
503 >            throw ex;
504          }
505      }
506  
507      class FailingBiFunction extends CheckedIntegerAction
508          implements BiFunction<Integer, Integer, Integer>
509      {
510 <        FailingBiFunction(ExecutionMode m) { super(m); }
510 >        final CFException ex;
511 >        FailingBiFunction(ExecutionMode m) { super(m); ex = new CFException(); }
512          public Integer apply(Integer x, Integer y) {
513              invoked();
514              value = subtract(x, y);
515 <            throw new CFException();
515 >            throw ex;
516          }
517      }
518  
519      class FailingRunnable extends CheckedAction implements Runnable {
520 <        FailingRunnable(ExecutionMode m) { super(m); }
520 >        final CFException ex;
521 >        FailingRunnable(ExecutionMode m) { super(m); ex = new CFException(); }
522          public void run() {
523              invoked();
524 <            throw new CFException();
524 >            throw ex;
525          }
526      }
527  
# Line 530 | Line 541 | public class CompletableFutureTest exten
541      class FailingCompletableFutureFunction extends CheckedIntegerAction
542          implements Function<Integer, CompletableFuture<Integer>>
543      {
544 <        FailingCompletableFutureFunction(ExecutionMode m) { super(m); }
544 >        final CFException ex;
545 >        FailingCompletableFutureFunction(ExecutionMode m) { super(m); ex = new CFException(); }
546          public CompletableFuture<Integer> apply(Integer x) {
547              invoked();
548              value = x;
549 <            throw new CFException();
549 >            throw ex;
550          }
551      }
552  
# Line 836 | Line 848 | public class CompletableFutureTest exten
848          if (!createIncomplete) assertTrue(f.complete(v1));
849          final CompletableFuture<Integer> g = f.exceptionally
850              ((Throwable t) -> {
839                // Should not be called
851                  a.getAndIncrement();
852 <                throw new AssertionError();
852 >                threadFail("should not be called");
853 >                return null;            // unreached
854              });
855          if (createIncomplete) assertTrue(f.complete(v1));
856  
# Line 872 | Line 884 | public class CompletableFutureTest exten
884          assertEquals(1, a.get());
885      }}
886  
887 +    /**
888 +     * If an "exceptionally action" throws an exception, it completes
889 +     * exceptionally with that exception
890 +     */
891      public void testExceptionally_exceptionalCompletionActionFailed() {
892          for (boolean createIncomplete : new boolean[] { true, false })
893      {
# Line 890 | Line 906 | public class CompletableFutureTest exten
906          if (createIncomplete) f.completeExceptionally(ex1);
907  
908          checkCompletedWithWrappedException(g, ex2);
909 +        checkCompletedExceptionally(f, ex1);
910          assertEquals(1, a.get());
911      }}
912  
# Line 897 | Line 914 | public class CompletableFutureTest exten
914       * whenComplete action executes on normal completion, propagating
915       * source result.
916       */
917 <    public void testWhenComplete_normalCompletion1() {
917 >    public void testWhenComplete_normalCompletion() {
918          for (ExecutionMode m : ExecutionMode.values())
919          for (boolean createIncomplete : new boolean[] { true, false })
920          for (Integer v1 : new Integer[] { 1, null })
# Line 907 | Line 924 | public class CompletableFutureTest exten
924          if (!createIncomplete) assertTrue(f.complete(v1));
925          final CompletableFuture<Integer> g = m.whenComplete
926              (f,
927 <             (Integer x, Throwable t) -> {
927 >             (Integer result, Throwable t) -> {
928                  m.checkExecutionMode();
929 <                threadAssertSame(x, v1);
929 >                threadAssertSame(result, v1);
930                  threadAssertNull(t);
931                  a.getAndIncrement();
932              });
# Line 934 | Line 951 | public class CompletableFutureTest exten
951          if (!createIncomplete) f.completeExceptionally(ex);
952          final CompletableFuture<Integer> g = m.whenComplete
953              (f,
954 <             (Integer x, Throwable t) -> {
954 >             (Integer result, Throwable t) -> {
955                  m.checkExecutionMode();
956 <                threadAssertNull(x);
956 >                threadAssertNull(result);
957                  threadAssertSame(t, ex);
958                  a.getAndIncrement();
959              });
# Line 961 | Line 978 | public class CompletableFutureTest exten
978          if (!createIncomplete) assertTrue(f.cancel(mayInterruptIfRunning));
979          final CompletableFuture<Integer> g = m.whenComplete
980              (f,
981 <             (Integer x, Throwable t) -> {
981 >             (Integer result, Throwable t) -> {
982                  m.checkExecutionMode();
983 <                threadAssertNull(x);
983 >                threadAssertNull(result);
984                  threadAssertTrue(t instanceof CancellationException);
985                  a.getAndIncrement();
986              });
# Line 978 | Line 995 | public class CompletableFutureTest exten
995       * If a whenComplete action throws an exception when triggered by
996       * a normal completion, it completes exceptionally
997       */
998 <    public void testWhenComplete_actionFailed() {
998 >    public void testWhenComplete_sourceCompletedNormallyActionFailed() {
999          for (boolean createIncomplete : new boolean[] { true, false })
1000          for (ExecutionMode m : ExecutionMode.values())
1001          for (Integer v1 : new Integer[] { 1, null })
# Line 989 | Line 1006 | public class CompletableFutureTest exten
1006          if (!createIncomplete) assertTrue(f.complete(v1));
1007          final CompletableFuture<Integer> g = m.whenComplete
1008              (f,
1009 <             (Integer x, Throwable t) -> {
1009 >             (Integer result, Throwable t) -> {
1010                  m.checkExecutionMode();
1011 <                threadAssertSame(x, v1);
1011 >                threadAssertSame(result, v1);
1012                  threadAssertNull(t);
1013                  a.getAndIncrement();
1014                  throw ex;
# Line 1006 | Line 1023 | public class CompletableFutureTest exten
1023      /**
1024       * If a whenComplete action throws an exception when triggered by
1025       * a source completion that also throws an exception, the source
1026 <     * exception takes precedence.
1026 >     * exception takes precedence (unlike handle)
1027       */
1028 <    public void testWhenComplete_actionFailedSourceFailed() {
1028 >    public void testWhenComplete_sourceFailedActionFailed() {
1029          for (boolean createIncomplete : new boolean[] { true, false })
1030          for (ExecutionMode m : ExecutionMode.values())
1031      {
# Line 1020 | Line 1037 | public class CompletableFutureTest exten
1037          if (!createIncomplete) f.completeExceptionally(ex1);
1038          final CompletableFuture<Integer> g = m.whenComplete
1039              (f,
1040 <             (Integer x, Throwable t) -> {
1040 >             (Integer result, Throwable t) -> {
1041                  m.checkExecutionMode();
1042                  threadAssertSame(t, ex1);
1043 <                threadAssertNull(x);
1043 >                threadAssertNull(result);
1044                  a.getAndIncrement();
1045                  throw ex2;
1046              });
# Line 1031 | Line 1048 | public class CompletableFutureTest exten
1048  
1049          checkCompletedWithWrappedException(g, ex1);
1050          checkCompletedExceptionally(f, ex1);
1051 +        if (testImplementationDetails) {
1052 +            assertEquals(1, ex1.getSuppressed().length);
1053 +            assertSame(ex2, ex1.getSuppressed()[0]);
1054 +        }
1055          assertEquals(1, a.get());
1056      }}
1057  
# Line 1048 | Line 1069 | public class CompletableFutureTest exten
1069          if (!createIncomplete) assertTrue(f.complete(v1));
1070          final CompletableFuture<Integer> g = m.handle
1071              (f,
1072 <             (Integer x, Throwable t) -> {
1072 >             (Integer result, Throwable t) -> {
1073                  m.checkExecutionMode();
1074 <                threadAssertSame(x, v1);
1074 >                threadAssertSame(result, v1);
1075                  threadAssertNull(t);
1076                  a.getAndIncrement();
1077                  return inc(v1);
# Line 1077 | Line 1098 | public class CompletableFutureTest exten
1098          if (!createIncomplete) f.completeExceptionally(ex);
1099          final CompletableFuture<Integer> g = m.handle
1100              (f,
1101 <             (Integer x, Throwable t) -> {
1101 >             (Integer result, Throwable t) -> {
1102                  m.checkExecutionMode();
1103 <                threadAssertNull(x);
1103 >                threadAssertNull(result);
1104                  threadAssertSame(t, ex);
1105                  a.getAndIncrement();
1106                  return v1;
# Line 1106 | Line 1127 | public class CompletableFutureTest exten
1127          if (!createIncomplete) assertTrue(f.cancel(mayInterruptIfRunning));
1128          final CompletableFuture<Integer> g = m.handle
1129              (f,
1130 <             (Integer x, Throwable t) -> {
1130 >             (Integer result, Throwable t) -> {
1131                  m.checkExecutionMode();
1132 <                threadAssertNull(x);
1132 >                threadAssertNull(result);
1133                  threadAssertTrue(t instanceof CancellationException);
1134                  a.getAndIncrement();
1135                  return v1;
# Line 1121 | Line 1142 | public class CompletableFutureTest exten
1142      }}
1143  
1144      /**
1145 <     * handle result completes exceptionally if action does
1145 >     * If a "handle action" throws an exception when triggered by
1146 >     * a normal completion, it completes exceptionally
1147       */
1148 <    public void testHandle_sourceFailedActionFailed() {
1148 >    public void testHandle_sourceCompletedNormallyActionFailed() {
1149          for (ExecutionMode m : ExecutionMode.values())
1150          for (boolean createIncomplete : new boolean[] { true, false })
1151 +        for (Integer v1 : new Integer[] { 1, null })
1152      {
1153          final CompletableFuture<Integer> f = new CompletableFuture<>();
1154          final AtomicInteger a = new AtomicInteger(0);
1155 <        final CFException ex1 = new CFException();
1156 <        final CFException ex2 = new CFException();
1134 <        if (!createIncomplete) f.completeExceptionally(ex1);
1155 >        final CFException ex = new CFException();
1156 >        if (!createIncomplete) assertTrue(f.complete(v1));
1157          final CompletableFuture<Integer> g = m.handle
1158              (f,
1159 <             (Integer x, Throwable t) -> {
1159 >             (Integer result, Throwable t) -> {
1160                  m.checkExecutionMode();
1161 <                threadAssertNull(x);
1162 <                threadAssertSame(ex1, t);
1161 >                threadAssertSame(result, v1);
1162 >                threadAssertNull(t);
1163                  a.getAndIncrement();
1164 <                throw ex2;
1164 >                throw ex;
1165              });
1166 <        if (createIncomplete) f.completeExceptionally(ex1);
1166 >        if (createIncomplete) assertTrue(f.complete(v1));
1167  
1168 <        checkCompletedWithWrappedException(g, ex2);
1169 <        checkCompletedExceptionally(f, ex1);
1168 >        checkCompletedWithWrappedException(g, ex);
1169 >        checkCompletedNormally(f, v1);
1170          assertEquals(1, a.get());
1171      }}
1172  
1173 <    public void testHandle_sourceCompletedNormallyActionFailed() {
1174 <        for (ExecutionMode m : ExecutionMode.values())
1173 >    /**
1174 >     * If a "handle action" throws an exception when triggered by
1175 >     * a source completion that also throws an exception, the action
1176 >     * exception takes precedence (unlike whenComplete)
1177 >     */
1178 >    public void testHandle_sourceFailedActionFailed() {
1179          for (boolean createIncomplete : new boolean[] { true, false })
1180 <        for (Integer v1 : new Integer[] { 1, null })
1180 >        for (ExecutionMode m : ExecutionMode.values())
1181      {
1156        final CompletableFuture<Integer> f = new CompletableFuture<>();
1182          final AtomicInteger a = new AtomicInteger(0);
1183 <        final CFException ex = new CFException();
1184 <        if (!createIncomplete) assertTrue(f.complete(v1));
1183 >        final CFException ex1 = new CFException();
1184 >        final CFException ex2 = new CFException();
1185 >        final CompletableFuture<Integer> f = new CompletableFuture<>();
1186 >
1187 >        if (!createIncomplete) f.completeExceptionally(ex1);
1188          final CompletableFuture<Integer> g = m.handle
1189              (f,
1190 <             (Integer x, Throwable t) -> {
1190 >             (Integer result, Throwable t) -> {
1191                  m.checkExecutionMode();
1192 <                threadAssertSame(x, v1);
1193 <                threadAssertNull(t);
1192 >                threadAssertNull(result);
1193 >                threadAssertSame(ex1, t);
1194                  a.getAndIncrement();
1195 <                throw ex;
1195 >                throw ex2;
1196              });
1197 <        if (createIncomplete) assertTrue(f.complete(v1));
1197 >        if (createIncomplete) f.completeExceptionally(ex1);
1198  
1199 <        checkCompletedWithWrappedException(g, ex);
1200 <        checkCompletedNormally(f, v1);
1199 >        checkCompletedWithWrappedException(g, ex2);
1200 >        checkCompletedExceptionally(f, ex1);
1201          assertEquals(1, a.get());
1202      }}
1203  
# Line 1202 | Line 1230 | public class CompletableFutureTest exten
1230      {
1231          final FailingRunnable r = new FailingRunnable(m);
1232          final CompletableFuture<Void> f = m.runAsync(r);
1233 <        checkCompletedWithWrappedCFException(f);
1233 >        checkCompletedWithWrappedException(f, r.ex);
1234          r.assertInvoked();
1235      }}
1236  
# Line 1236 | Line 1264 | public class CompletableFutureTest exten
1264      {
1265          FailingSupplier r = new FailingSupplier(m);
1266          CompletableFuture<Integer> f = m.supplyAsync(r);
1267 <        checkCompletedWithWrappedCFException(f);
1267 >        checkCompletedWithWrappedException(f, r.ex);
1268          r.assertInvoked();
1269      }}
1270  
# Line 1358 | Line 1386 | public class CompletableFutureTest exten
1386          final CompletableFuture<Void> h4 = m.runAfterBoth(f, f, rs[4]);
1387          final CompletableFuture<Void> h5 = m.runAfterEither(f, f, rs[5]);
1388  
1389 <        checkCompletedWithWrappedCFException(h0);
1390 <        checkCompletedWithWrappedCFException(h1);
1391 <        checkCompletedWithWrappedCFException(h2);
1392 <        checkCompletedWithWrappedCFException(h3);
1393 <        checkCompletedWithWrappedCFException(h4);
1394 <        checkCompletedWithWrappedCFException(h5);
1389 >        checkCompletedWithWrappedException(h0, rs[0].ex);
1390 >        checkCompletedWithWrappedException(h1, rs[1].ex);
1391 >        checkCompletedWithWrappedException(h2, rs[2].ex);
1392 >        checkCompletedWithWrappedException(h3, rs[3].ex);
1393 >        checkCompletedWithWrappedException(h4, rs[4].ex);
1394 >        checkCompletedWithWrappedException(h5, rs[5].ex);
1395          checkCompletedNormally(f, v1);
1396      }}
1397  
# Line 1462 | Line 1490 | public class CompletableFutureTest exten
1490          final CompletableFuture<Integer> h2 = m.thenApply(f, rs[2]);
1491          final CompletableFuture<Integer> h3 = m.applyToEither(f, f, rs[3]);
1492  
1493 <        checkCompletedWithWrappedCFException(h0);
1494 <        checkCompletedWithWrappedCFException(h1);
1495 <        checkCompletedWithWrappedCFException(h2);
1496 <        checkCompletedWithWrappedCFException(h3);
1493 >        checkCompletedWithWrappedException(h0, rs[0].ex);
1494 >        checkCompletedWithWrappedException(h1, rs[1].ex);
1495 >        checkCompletedWithWrappedException(h2, rs[2].ex);
1496 >        checkCompletedWithWrappedException(h3, rs[3].ex);
1497          checkCompletedNormally(f, v1);
1498      }}
1499  
# Line 1564 | Line 1592 | public class CompletableFutureTest exten
1592          final CompletableFuture<Void> h2 = m.thenAccept(f, rs[2]);
1593          final CompletableFuture<Void> h3 = m.acceptEither(f, f, rs[3]);
1594  
1595 <        checkCompletedWithWrappedCFException(h0);
1596 <        checkCompletedWithWrappedCFException(h1);
1597 <        checkCompletedWithWrappedCFException(h2);
1598 <        checkCompletedWithWrappedCFException(h3);
1595 >        checkCompletedWithWrappedException(h0, rs[0].ex);
1596 >        checkCompletedWithWrappedException(h1, rs[1].ex);
1597 >        checkCompletedWithWrappedException(h2, rs[2].ex);
1598 >        checkCompletedWithWrappedException(h3, rs[3].ex);
1599          checkCompletedNormally(f, v1);
1600      }}
1601  
# Line 1729 | Line 1757 | public class CompletableFutureTest exten
1757          assertTrue(snd.complete(w2));
1758          final CompletableFuture<Integer> h3 = m.thenCombine(f, g, r3);
1759  
1760 <        checkCompletedWithWrappedCFException(h1);
1761 <        checkCompletedWithWrappedCFException(h2);
1762 <        checkCompletedWithWrappedCFException(h3);
1760 >        checkCompletedWithWrappedException(h1, r1.ex);
1761 >        checkCompletedWithWrappedException(h2, r2.ex);
1762 >        checkCompletedWithWrappedException(h3, r3.ex);
1763          r1.assertInvoked();
1764          r2.assertInvoked();
1765          r3.assertInvoked();
# Line 1893 | Line 1921 | public class CompletableFutureTest exten
1921          assertTrue(snd.complete(w2));
1922          final CompletableFuture<Void> h3 = m.thenAcceptBoth(f, g, r3);
1923  
1924 <        checkCompletedWithWrappedCFException(h1);
1925 <        checkCompletedWithWrappedCFException(h2);
1926 <        checkCompletedWithWrappedCFException(h3);
1924 >        checkCompletedWithWrappedException(h1, r1.ex);
1925 >        checkCompletedWithWrappedException(h2, r2.ex);
1926 >        checkCompletedWithWrappedException(h3, r3.ex);
1927          r1.assertInvoked();
1928          r2.assertInvoked();
1929          r3.assertInvoked();
# Line 2057 | Line 2085 | public class CompletableFutureTest exten
2085          assertTrue(snd.complete(w2));
2086          final CompletableFuture<Void> h3 = m.runAfterBoth(f, g, r3);
2087  
2088 <        checkCompletedWithWrappedCFException(h1);
2089 <        checkCompletedWithWrappedCFException(h2);
2090 <        checkCompletedWithWrappedCFException(h3);
2088 >        checkCompletedWithWrappedException(h1, r1.ex);
2089 >        checkCompletedWithWrappedException(h2, r2.ex);
2090 >        checkCompletedWithWrappedException(h3, r3.ex);
2091          r1.assertInvoked();
2092          r2.assertInvoked();
2093          r3.assertInvoked();
# Line 2349 | Line 2377 | public class CompletableFutureTest exten
2377          f.complete(v1);
2378          final CompletableFuture<Integer> h2 = m.applyToEither(f, g, rs[2]);
2379          final CompletableFuture<Integer> h3 = m.applyToEither(g, f, rs[3]);
2380 <        checkCompletedWithWrappedCFException(h0);
2381 <        checkCompletedWithWrappedCFException(h1);
2382 <        checkCompletedWithWrappedCFException(h2);
2383 <        checkCompletedWithWrappedCFException(h3);
2380 >        checkCompletedWithWrappedException(h0, rs[0].ex);
2381 >        checkCompletedWithWrappedException(h1, rs[1].ex);
2382 >        checkCompletedWithWrappedException(h2, rs[2].ex);
2383 >        checkCompletedWithWrappedException(h3, rs[3].ex);
2384          for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) rs[i].assertValue(v1);
2385  
2386          g.complete(v2);
# Line 2361 | Line 2389 | public class CompletableFutureTest exten
2389          final CompletableFuture<Integer> h4 = m.applyToEither(f, g, rs[4]);
2390          final CompletableFuture<Integer> h5 = m.applyToEither(g, f, rs[5]);
2391  
2392 <        checkCompletedWithWrappedCFException(h4);
2392 >        checkCompletedWithWrappedException(h4, rs[4].ex);
2393          assertTrue(Objects.equals(v1, rs[4].value) ||
2394                     Objects.equals(v2, rs[4].value));
2395 <        checkCompletedWithWrappedCFException(h5);
2395 >        checkCompletedWithWrappedException(h5, rs[5].ex);
2396          assertTrue(Objects.equals(v1, rs[5].value) ||
2397                     Objects.equals(v2, rs[5].value));
2398  
# Line 2608 | Line 2636 | public class CompletableFutureTest exten
2636          f.complete(v1);
2637          final CompletableFuture<Void> h2 = m.acceptEither(f, g, rs[2]);
2638          final CompletableFuture<Void> h3 = m.acceptEither(g, f, rs[3]);
2639 <        checkCompletedWithWrappedCFException(h0);
2640 <        checkCompletedWithWrappedCFException(h1);
2641 <        checkCompletedWithWrappedCFException(h2);
2642 <        checkCompletedWithWrappedCFException(h3);
2639 >        checkCompletedWithWrappedException(h0, rs[0].ex);
2640 >        checkCompletedWithWrappedException(h1, rs[1].ex);
2641 >        checkCompletedWithWrappedException(h2, rs[2].ex);
2642 >        checkCompletedWithWrappedException(h3, rs[3].ex);
2643          for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) rs[i].assertValue(v1);
2644  
2645          g.complete(v2);
# Line 2620 | Line 2648 | public class CompletableFutureTest exten
2648          final CompletableFuture<Void> h4 = m.acceptEither(f, g, rs[4]);
2649          final CompletableFuture<Void> h5 = m.acceptEither(g, f, rs[5]);
2650  
2651 <        checkCompletedWithWrappedCFException(h4);
2651 >        checkCompletedWithWrappedException(h4, rs[4].ex);
2652          assertTrue(Objects.equals(v1, rs[4].value) ||
2653                     Objects.equals(v2, rs[4].value));
2654 <        checkCompletedWithWrappedCFException(h5);
2654 >        checkCompletedWithWrappedException(h5, rs[5].ex);
2655          assertTrue(Objects.equals(v1, rs[5].value) ||
2656                     Objects.equals(v2, rs[5].value));
2657  
# Line 2863 | Line 2891 | public class CompletableFutureTest exten
2891          assertTrue(f.complete(v1));
2892          final CompletableFuture<Void> h2 = m.runAfterEither(f, g, rs[2]);
2893          final CompletableFuture<Void> h3 = m.runAfterEither(g, f, rs[3]);
2894 <        checkCompletedWithWrappedCFException(h0);
2895 <        checkCompletedWithWrappedCFException(h1);
2896 <        checkCompletedWithWrappedCFException(h2);
2897 <        checkCompletedWithWrappedCFException(h3);
2894 >        checkCompletedWithWrappedException(h0, rs[0].ex);
2895 >        checkCompletedWithWrappedException(h1, rs[1].ex);
2896 >        checkCompletedWithWrappedException(h2, rs[2].ex);
2897 >        checkCompletedWithWrappedException(h3, rs[3].ex);
2898          for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) rs[i].assertInvoked();
2899          assertTrue(g.complete(v2));
2900          final CompletableFuture<Void> h4 = m.runAfterEither(f, g, rs[4]);
2901          final CompletableFuture<Void> h5 = m.runAfterEither(g, f, rs[5]);
2902 <        checkCompletedWithWrappedCFException(h4);
2903 <        checkCompletedWithWrappedCFException(h5);
2902 >        checkCompletedWithWrappedException(h4, rs[4].ex);
2903 >        checkCompletedWithWrappedException(h5, rs[5].ex);
2904  
2905          checkCompletedNormally(f, v1);
2906          checkCompletedNormally(g, v2);
# Line 2933 | Line 2961 | public class CompletableFutureTest exten
2961          final CompletableFuture<Integer> g = m.thenCompose(f, r);
2962          if (createIncomplete) assertTrue(f.complete(v1));
2963  
2964 <        checkCompletedWithWrappedCFException(g);
2964 >        checkCompletedWithWrappedException(g, r.ex);
2965          checkCompletedNormally(f, v1);
2966      }}
2967  
# Line 3042 | Line 3070 | public class CompletableFutureTest exten
3070          }
3071      }
3072  
3073 <    public void testAllOf_backwards() throws Exception {
3073 >    public void testAllOf_normal_backwards() throws Exception {
3074          for (int k = 1; k < 10; k++) {
3075              CompletableFuture<Integer>[] fs
3076                  = (CompletableFuture<Integer>[]) new CompletableFuture[k];
# Line 3275 | Line 3303 | public class CompletableFutureTest exten
3303              () -> f.obtrudeException(null),
3304  
3305              () -> CompletableFuture.delayedExecutor(1L, SECONDS, null),
3306 <            () -> CompletableFuture.delayedExecutor(1L, null, new ThreadExecutor()),
3306 >            () -> CompletableFuture.delayedExecutor(1L, null, exec),
3307              () -> CompletableFuture.delayedExecutor(1L, null),
3308  
3309              () -> f.orTimeout(1L, null),
# Line 3290 | Line 3318 | public class CompletableFutureTest exten
3318      }
3319  
3320      /**
3321 +     * Test submissions to an executor that rejects all tasks.
3322 +     */
3323 +    public void testRejectingExecutor() {
3324 +        final RejectedExecutionException ex = new RejectedExecutionException();
3325 +        final Executor e = (Runnable r) -> { throw ex; };
3326 +
3327 +        for (Integer v : new Integer[] { 1, null }) {
3328 +
3329 +        final CompletableFuture<Integer> complete = CompletableFuture.completedFuture(v);
3330 +        final CompletableFuture<Integer> incomplete = new CompletableFuture<>();
3331 +
3332 +        List<CompletableFuture<?>> futures = new ArrayList<>();
3333 +
3334 +        List<CompletableFuture<Integer>> srcs = new ArrayList<>();
3335 +        srcs.add(complete);
3336 +        srcs.add(incomplete);
3337 +
3338 +        for (CompletableFuture<Integer> src : srcs) {
3339 +            List<CompletableFuture<?>> fs = new ArrayList<>();
3340 +            fs.add(src.thenRunAsync(() -> {}, e));
3341 +            fs.add(src.thenAcceptAsync((z) -> {}, e));
3342 +            fs.add(src.thenApplyAsync((z) -> z, e));
3343 +
3344 +            fs.add(src.thenCombineAsync(src, (x, y) -> x, e));
3345 +            fs.add(src.thenAcceptBothAsync(src, (x, y) -> {}, e));
3346 +            fs.add(src.runAfterBothAsync(src, () -> {}, e));
3347 +
3348 +            fs.add(src.applyToEitherAsync(src, (z) -> z, e));
3349 +            fs.add(src.acceptEitherAsync(src, (z) -> {}, e));
3350 +            fs.add(src.runAfterEitherAsync(src, () -> {}, e));
3351 +
3352 +            fs.add(src.thenComposeAsync((z) -> null, e));
3353 +            fs.add(src.whenCompleteAsync((z, t) -> {}, e));
3354 +            fs.add(src.handleAsync((z, t) -> null, e));
3355 +
3356 +            for (CompletableFuture<?> future : fs) {
3357 +                if (src.isDone())
3358 +                    checkCompletedWithWrappedException(future, ex);
3359 +                else
3360 +                    checkIncomplete(future);
3361 +            }
3362 +            futures.addAll(fs);
3363 +        }
3364 +
3365 +        {
3366 +            List<CompletableFuture<?>> fs = new ArrayList<>();
3367 +
3368 +            fs.add(complete.thenCombineAsync(incomplete, (x, y) -> x, e));
3369 +            fs.add(incomplete.thenCombineAsync(complete, (x, y) -> x, e));
3370 +
3371 +            fs.add(complete.thenAcceptBothAsync(incomplete, (x, y) -> {}, e));
3372 +            fs.add(incomplete.thenAcceptBothAsync(complete, (x, y) -> {}, e));
3373 +
3374 +            fs.add(complete.runAfterBothAsync(incomplete, () -> {}, e));
3375 +            fs.add(incomplete.runAfterBothAsync(complete, () -> {}, e));
3376 +
3377 +            for (CompletableFuture<?> future : fs)
3378 +                checkIncomplete(future);
3379 +            futures.addAll(fs);
3380 +        }
3381 +
3382 +        {
3383 +            List<CompletableFuture<?>> fs = new ArrayList<>();
3384 +
3385 +            fs.add(complete.applyToEitherAsync(incomplete, (z) -> z, e));
3386 +            fs.add(incomplete.applyToEitherAsync(complete, (z) -> z, e));
3387 +
3388 +            fs.add(complete.acceptEitherAsync(incomplete, (z) -> {}, e));
3389 +            fs.add(incomplete.acceptEitherAsync(complete, (z) -> {}, e));
3390 +
3391 +            fs.add(complete.runAfterEitherAsync(incomplete, () -> {}, e));
3392 +            fs.add(incomplete.runAfterEitherAsync(complete, () -> {}, e));
3393 +
3394 +            for (CompletableFuture<?> future : fs)
3395 +                checkCompletedWithWrappedException(future, ex);
3396 +            futures.addAll(fs);
3397 +        }
3398 +
3399 +        incomplete.complete(v);
3400 +
3401 +        for (CompletableFuture<?> future : futures)
3402 +            checkCompletedWithWrappedException(future, ex);
3403 +        }
3404 +    }
3405 +
3406 +    /**
3407 +     * Test submissions to an executor that rejects all tasks, but
3408 +     * should never be invoked because the dependent future is
3409 +     * explicitly completed.
3410 +     */
3411 +    public void testRejectingExecutorNeverInvoked() {
3412 +        final RejectedExecutionException ex = new RejectedExecutionException();
3413 +        class CountingRejectingExecutor implements Executor {
3414 +            final AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger(0);
3415 +            public void execute(Runnable r) {
3416 +                count.getAndIncrement();
3417 +                throw ex;
3418 +            }
3419 +        }
3420 +        final CountingRejectingExecutor e = new CountingRejectingExecutor();
3421 +
3422 +        for (Integer v : new Integer[] { 1, null }) {
3423 +
3424 +        final CompletableFuture<Integer> complete = CompletableFuture.completedFuture(v);
3425 +        final CompletableFuture<Integer> incomplete = new CompletableFuture<>();
3426 +
3427 +        List<CompletableFuture<?>> futures = new ArrayList<>();
3428 +
3429 +        List<CompletableFuture<Integer>> srcs = new ArrayList<>();
3430 +        srcs.add(complete);
3431 +        srcs.add(incomplete);
3432 +
3433 +        List<CompletableFuture<?>> fs = new ArrayList<>();
3434 +        fs.add(incomplete.thenRunAsync(() -> {}, e));
3435 +        fs.add(incomplete.thenAcceptAsync((z) -> {}, e));
3436 +        fs.add(incomplete.thenApplyAsync((z) -> z, e));
3437 +
3438 +        fs.add(incomplete.thenCombineAsync(incomplete, (x, y) -> x, e));
3439 +        fs.add(incomplete.thenAcceptBothAsync(incomplete, (x, y) -> {}, e));
3440 +        fs.add(incomplete.runAfterBothAsync(incomplete, () -> {}, e));
3441 +
3442 +        fs.add(incomplete.applyToEitherAsync(incomplete, (z) -> z, e));
3443 +        fs.add(incomplete.acceptEitherAsync(incomplete, (z) -> {}, e));
3444 +        fs.add(incomplete.runAfterEitherAsync(incomplete, () -> {}, e));
3445 +
3446 +        fs.add(incomplete.thenComposeAsync((z) -> null, e));
3447 +        fs.add(incomplete.whenCompleteAsync((z, t) -> {}, e));
3448 +        fs.add(incomplete.handleAsync((z, t) -> null, e));
3449 +
3450 +        fs.add(complete.thenCombineAsync(incomplete, (x, y) -> x, e));
3451 +        fs.add(incomplete.thenCombineAsync(complete, (x, y) -> x, e));
3452 +
3453 +        fs.add(complete.thenAcceptBothAsync(incomplete, (x, y) -> {}, e));
3454 +        fs.add(incomplete.thenAcceptBothAsync(complete, (x, y) -> {}, e));
3455 +
3456 +        fs.add(complete.runAfterBothAsync(incomplete, () -> {}, e));
3457 +        fs.add(incomplete.runAfterBothAsync(complete, () -> {}, e));
3458 +
3459 +        for (CompletableFuture<?> future : fs)
3460 +            checkIncomplete(future);
3461 +
3462 +        for (CompletableFuture<?> future : fs)
3463 +            future.complete(null);
3464 +
3465 +        incomplete.complete(v);
3466 +
3467 +        for (CompletableFuture<?> future : fs)
3468 +            checkCompletedNormally(future, null);
3469 +
3470 +        assertEquals(0, e.count.get());
3471 +
3472 +        }
3473 +    }
3474 +
3475 +    /**
3476       * toCompletableFuture returns this CompletableFuture.
3477       */
3478      public void testToCompletableFuture() {
# Line 3505 | Line 3688 | public class CompletableFutureTest exten
3688          long timeoutMillis = timeoutMillis();
3689          CompletableFuture<Integer> f = new CompletableFuture<>();
3690          long startTime = System.nanoTime();
3691 <        f.orTimeout(timeoutMillis, MILLISECONDS);
3691 >        assertSame(f, f.orTimeout(timeoutMillis, MILLISECONDS));
3692          checkCompletedWithTimeoutException(f);
3693          assertTrue(millisElapsedSince(startTime) >= timeoutMillis);
3694      }
# Line 3520 | Line 3703 | public class CompletableFutureTest exten
3703          CompletableFuture<Integer> g = new CompletableFuture<>();
3704          long startTime = System.nanoTime();
3705          f.complete(v1);
3706 <        f.orTimeout(LONG_DELAY_MS, MILLISECONDS);
3707 <        g.orTimeout(LONG_DELAY_MS, MILLISECONDS);
3706 >        assertSame(f, f.orTimeout(LONG_DELAY_MS, MILLISECONDS));
3707 >        assertSame(g, g.orTimeout(LONG_DELAY_MS, MILLISECONDS));
3708          g.complete(v1);
3709          checkCompletedNormally(f, v1);
3710          checkCompletedNormally(g, v1);
# Line 3536 | Line 3719 | public class CompletableFutureTest exten
3719                         () -> testCompleteOnTimeout_timesOut(null));
3720      }
3721  
3722 +    /**
3723 +     * completeOnTimeout completes with given value if not complete
3724 +     */
3725      public void testCompleteOnTimeout_timesOut(Integer v) {
3726          long timeoutMillis = timeoutMillis();
3727          CompletableFuture<Integer> f = new CompletableFuture<>();
3728          long startTime = System.nanoTime();
3729 <        f.completeOnTimeout(v, timeoutMillis, MILLISECONDS);
3729 >        assertSame(f, f.completeOnTimeout(v, timeoutMillis, MILLISECONDS));
3730          assertSame(v, f.join());
3731          assertTrue(millisElapsedSince(startTime) >= timeoutMillis);
3732          f.complete(99);         // should have no effect
# Line 3557 | Line 3743 | public class CompletableFutureTest exten
3743          CompletableFuture<Integer> g = new CompletableFuture<>();
3744          long startTime = System.nanoTime();
3745          f.complete(v1);
3746 <        f.completeOnTimeout(-1, LONG_DELAY_MS, MILLISECONDS);
3747 <        g.completeOnTimeout(-1, LONG_DELAY_MS, MILLISECONDS);
3746 >        assertSame(f, f.completeOnTimeout(-1, LONG_DELAY_MS, MILLISECONDS));
3747 >        assertSame(g, g.completeOnTimeout(-1, LONG_DELAY_MS, MILLISECONDS));
3748          g.complete(v1);
3749          checkCompletedNormally(f, v1);
3750          checkCompletedNormally(g, v1);
# Line 3609 | Line 3795 | public class CompletableFutureTest exten
3795      //--- tests of implementation details; not part of official tck ---
3796  
3797      Object resultOf(CompletableFuture<?> f) {
3798 +        SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
3799 +        if (sm != null) {
3800 +            try {
3801 +                System.setSecurityManager(null);
3802 +            } catch (SecurityException giveUp) {
3803 +                return "Reflection not available";
3804 +            }
3805 +        }
3806 +
3807          try {
3808              java.lang.reflect.Field resultField
3809                  = CompletableFuture.class.getDeclaredField("result");
3810              resultField.setAccessible(true);
3811              return resultField.get(f);
3812 <        } catch (Throwable t) { throw new AssertionError(t); }
3812 >        } catch (Throwable t) {
3813 >            throw new AssertionError(t);
3814 >        } finally {
3815 >            if (sm != null) System.setSecurityManager(sm);
3816 >        }
3817      }
3818  
3819      public void testExceptionPropagationReusesResultObject() {
# Line 3637 | Line 3836 | public class CompletableFutureTest exten
3836          funs.add((y) -> m.applyToEither(y, incomplete, new IncFunction(m)));
3837  
3838          funs.add((y) -> m.runAfterBoth(y, v42, new Noop(m)));
3839 +        funs.add((y) -> m.runAfterBoth(v42, y, new Noop(m)));
3840          funs.add((y) -> m.thenAcceptBoth(y, v42, new SubtractAction(m)));
3841 +        funs.add((y) -> m.thenAcceptBoth(v42, y, new SubtractAction(m)));
3842          funs.add((y) -> m.thenCombine(y, v42, new SubtractFunction(m)));
3843 +        funs.add((y) -> m.thenCombine(v42, y, new SubtractFunction(m)));
3844  
3845 <        funs.add((y) -> m.whenComplete(y, (Integer x, Throwable t) -> {}));
3845 >        funs.add((y) -> m.whenComplete(y, (Integer r, Throwable t) -> {}));
3846  
3847          funs.add((y) -> m.thenCompose(y, new CompletableFutureInc(m)));
3848  
3849 +        funs.add((y) -> CompletableFuture.allOf(new CompletableFuture<?>[] {y}));
3850          funs.add((y) -> CompletableFuture.allOf(new CompletableFuture<?>[] {y, v42}));
3851 +        funs.add((y) -> CompletableFuture.allOf(new CompletableFuture<?>[] {v42, y}));
3852 +        funs.add((y) -> CompletableFuture.anyOf(new CompletableFuture<?>[] {y}));
3853          funs.add((y) -> CompletableFuture.anyOf(new CompletableFuture<?>[] {y, incomplete}));
3854 +        funs.add((y) -> CompletableFuture.anyOf(new CompletableFuture<?>[] {incomplete, y}));
3855  
3856          for (Function<CompletableFuture<Integer>, CompletableFuture<?>>
3857                   fun : funs) {
# Line 3703 | Line 3909 | public class CompletableFutureTest exten
3909          if (!testImplementationDetails) return;
3910          Function<Method, String> toSignature =
3911              (method) -> method.getName() + Arrays.toString(method.getParameterTypes());
3912 +        Predicate<Method> isNotStatic =
3913 +            (method) -> (method.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0;
3914          List<Method> minimalMethods =
3915              Stream.of(Object.class, CompletionStage.class)
3916 <            .map((klazz) -> Stream.of(klazz.getMethods()))
3917 <            .reduce(Stream::concat)
3710 <            .orElseGet(Stream::empty)
3711 <            .filter((method) -> (method.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0)
3916 >            .flatMap((klazz) -> Stream.of(klazz.getMethods()))
3917 >            .filter(isNotStatic)
3918              .collect(Collectors.toList());
3919          // Methods from CompletableFuture permitted NOT to throw UOE
3920          String[] signatureWhitelist = {
# Line 3722 | Line 3928 | public class CompletableFutureTest exten
3928                            Stream.of(signatureWhitelist))
3929              .collect(Collectors.toSet());
3930          List<Method> allMethods = Stream.of(CompletableFuture.class.getMethods())
3931 <            .filter((method) -> (method.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0)
3931 >            .filter(isNotStatic)
3932              .filter((method) -> !permittedMethodSignatures.contains(toSignature.apply(method)))
3933              .collect(Collectors.toList());
3934  
# Line 3759 | Line 3965 | public class CompletableFutureTest exten
3965              throw new Error("Methods did not throw UOE: " + bugs.toString());
3966      }
3967  
3968 +    static class Monad {
3969 +        static class ZeroException extends RuntimeException {
3970 +            public ZeroException() { super("monadic zero"); }
3971 +        }
3972 +        // "return", "unit"
3973 +        static <T> CompletableFuture<T> unit(T value) {
3974 +            return completedFuture(value);
3975 +        }
3976 +        // monadic zero ?
3977 +        static <T> CompletableFuture<T> zero() {
3978 +            return failedFuture(new ZeroException());
3979 +        }
3980 +        // >=>
3981 +        static <T,U,V> Function<T, CompletableFuture<V>> compose
3982 +            (Function<T, CompletableFuture<U>> f,
3983 +             Function<U, CompletableFuture<V>> g) {
3984 +            return (x) -> f.apply(x).thenCompose(g);
3985 +        }
3986 +
3987 +        static void assertZero(CompletableFuture<?> f) {
3988 +            try {
3989 +                f.getNow(null);
3990 +                throw new AssertionFailedError("should throw");
3991 +            } catch (CompletionException success) {
3992 +                assertTrue(success.getCause() instanceof ZeroException);
3993 +            }
3994 +        }
3995 +
3996 +        static <T> void assertFutureEquals(CompletableFuture<T> f,
3997 +                                           CompletableFuture<T> g) {
3998 +            T fval = null, gval = null;
3999 +            Throwable fex = null, gex = null;
4000 +
4001 +            try { fval = f.get(); }
4002 +            catch (ExecutionException ex) { fex = ex.getCause(); }
4003 +            catch (Throwable ex) { fex = ex; }
4004 +
4005 +            try { gval = g.get(); }
4006 +            catch (ExecutionException ex) { gex = ex.getCause(); }
4007 +            catch (Throwable ex) { gex = ex; }
4008 +
4009 +            if (fex != null || gex != null)
4010 +                assertSame(fex.getClass(), gex.getClass());
4011 +            else
4012 +                assertEquals(fval, gval);
4013 +        }
4014 +
4015 +        static class PlusFuture<T> extends CompletableFuture<T> {
4016 +            AtomicReference<Throwable> firstFailure = new AtomicReference<>(null);
4017 +        }
4018 +
4019 +        /** Implements "monadic plus". */
4020 +        static <T> CompletableFuture<T> plus(CompletableFuture<? extends T> f,
4021 +                                             CompletableFuture<? extends T> g) {
4022 +            PlusFuture<T> plus = new PlusFuture<T>();
4023 +            BiConsumer<T, Throwable> action = (T result, Throwable ex) -> {
4024 +                try {
4025 +                    if (ex == null) {
4026 +                        if (plus.complete(result))
4027 +                            if (plus.firstFailure.get() != null)
4028 +                                plus.firstFailure.set(null);
4029 +                    }
4030 +                    else if (plus.firstFailure.compareAndSet(null, ex)) {
4031 +                        if (plus.isDone())
4032 +                            plus.firstFailure.set(null);
4033 +                    }
4034 +                    else {
4035 +                        // first failure has precedence
4036 +                        Throwable first = plus.firstFailure.getAndSet(null);
4037 +
4038 +                        // may fail with "Self-suppression not permitted"
4039 +                        try { first.addSuppressed(ex); }
4040 +                        catch (Exception ignored) {}
4041 +
4042 +                        plus.completeExceptionally(first);
4043 +                    }
4044 +                } catch (Throwable unexpected) {
4045 +                    plus.completeExceptionally(unexpected);
4046 +                }
4047 +            };
4048 +            f.whenComplete(action);
4049 +            g.whenComplete(action);
4050 +            return plus;
4051 +        }
4052 +    }
4053 +
4054 +    /**
4055 +     * CompletableFuture is an additive monad - sort of.
4056 +     * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monad_(functional_programming)#Additive_monads
4057 +     */
4058 +    public void testAdditiveMonad() throws Throwable {
4059 +        Function<Long, CompletableFuture<Long>> unit = Monad::unit;
4060 +        CompletableFuture<Long> zero = Monad.zero();
4061 +
4062 +        // Some mutually non-commutative functions
4063 +        Function<Long, CompletableFuture<Long>> triple
4064 +            = (x) -> Monad.unit(3 * x);
4065 +        Function<Long, CompletableFuture<Long>> inc
4066 +            = (x) -> Monad.unit(x + 1);
4067 +
4068 +        // unit is a right identity: m >>= unit === m
4069 +        Monad.assertFutureEquals(inc.apply(5L).thenCompose(unit),
4070 +                                 inc.apply(5L));
4071 +        // unit is a left identity: (unit x) >>= f === f x
4072 +        Monad.assertFutureEquals(unit.apply(5L).thenCompose(inc),
4073 +                                 inc.apply(5L));
4074 +
4075 +        // associativity: (m >>= f) >>= g === m >>= ( \x -> (f x >>= g) )
4076 +        Monad.assertFutureEquals(
4077 +            unit.apply(5L).thenCompose(inc).thenCompose(triple),
4078 +            unit.apply(5L).thenCompose((x) -> inc.apply(x).thenCompose(triple)));
4079 +
4080 +        // The case for CompletableFuture as an additive monad is weaker...
4081 +
4082 +        // zero is a monadic zero
4083 +        Monad.assertZero(zero);
4084 +
4085 +        // left zero: zero >>= f === zero
4086 +        Monad.assertZero(zero.thenCompose(inc));
4087 +        // right zero: f >>= (\x -> zero) === zero
4088 +        Monad.assertZero(inc.apply(5L).thenCompose((x) -> zero));
4089 +
4090 +        // f plus zero === f
4091 +        Monad.assertFutureEquals(Monad.unit(5L),
4092 +                                 Monad.plus(Monad.unit(5L), zero));
4093 +        // zero plus f === f
4094 +        Monad.assertFutureEquals(Monad.unit(5L),
4095 +                                 Monad.plus(zero, Monad.unit(5L)));
4096 +        // zero plus zero === zero
4097 +        Monad.assertZero(Monad.plus(zero, zero));
4098 +        {
4099 +            CompletableFuture<Long> f = Monad.plus(Monad.unit(5L),
4100 +                                                   Monad.unit(8L));
4101 +            // non-determinism
4102 +            assertTrue(f.get() == 5L || f.get() == 8L);
4103 +        }
4104 +
4105 +        CompletableFuture<Long> godot = new CompletableFuture<>();
4106 +        // f plus godot === f (doesn't wait for godot)
4107 +        Monad.assertFutureEquals(Monad.unit(5L),
4108 +                                 Monad.plus(Monad.unit(5L), godot));
4109 +        // godot plus f === f (doesn't wait for godot)
4110 +        Monad.assertFutureEquals(Monad.unit(5L),
4111 +                                 Monad.plus(godot, Monad.unit(5L)));
4112 +    }
4113 +
4114 +    /**
4115 +     * A single CompletableFuture with many dependents.
4116 +     * A demo of scalability - runtime is O(n).
4117 +     */
4118 +    public void testManyDependents() throws Throwable {
4119 +        final int n = 1_000;
4120 +        final CompletableFuture<Void> head = new CompletableFuture<>();
4121 +        final CompletableFuture<Void> complete = CompletableFuture.completedFuture((Void)null);
4122 +        final AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger(0);
4123 +        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
4124 +            head.thenRun(() -> count.getAndIncrement());
4125 +            head.thenAccept((x) -> count.getAndIncrement());
4126 +            head.thenApply((x) -> count.getAndIncrement());
4127 +
4128 +            head.runAfterBoth(complete, () -> count.getAndIncrement());
4129 +            head.thenAcceptBoth(complete, (x, y) -> count.getAndIncrement());
4130 +            head.thenCombine(complete, (x, y) -> count.getAndIncrement());
4131 +            complete.runAfterBoth(head, () -> count.getAndIncrement());
4132 +            complete.thenAcceptBoth(head, (x, y) -> count.getAndIncrement());
4133 +            complete.thenCombine(head, (x, y) -> count.getAndIncrement());
4134 +
4135 +            head.runAfterEither(new CompletableFuture<Void>(), () -> count.getAndIncrement());
4136 +            head.acceptEither(new CompletableFuture<Void>(), (x) -> count.getAndIncrement());
4137 +            head.applyToEither(new CompletableFuture<Void>(), (x) -> count.getAndIncrement());
4138 +            new CompletableFuture<Void>().runAfterEither(head, () -> count.getAndIncrement());
4139 +            new CompletableFuture<Void>().acceptEither(head, (x) -> count.getAndIncrement());
4140 +            new CompletableFuture<Void>().applyToEither(head, (x) -> count.getAndIncrement());
4141 +        }
4142 +        head.complete(null);
4143 +        assertEquals(5 * 3 * n, count.get());
4144 +    }
4145 +
4146   //     static <U> U join(CompletionStage<U> stage) {
4147   //         CompletableFuture<U> f = new CompletableFuture<>();
4148   //         stage.whenComplete((v, ex) -> {

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