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/* |
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* Written by Doug Lea with assistance from members of JCP JSR-166 |
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* Expert Group and released to the public domain, as explained at |
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* http://creativecommons.org/licenses/publicdomain |
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*/ |
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package jsr166y; |
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jsr166 |
1.22 |
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1.1 |
import java.util.concurrent.*; |
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jsr166 |
1.22 |
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import java.util.ArrayList; |
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import java.util.Arrays; |
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import java.util.Collection; |
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import java.util.Collections; |
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import java.util.List; |
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import java.util.concurrent.locks.LockSupport; |
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import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock; |
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import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger; |
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import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch; |
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1.1 |
|
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/** |
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jsr166 |
1.29 |
* An {@link ExecutorService} for running {@link ForkJoinTask}s. |
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jsr166 |
1.39 |
* A {@code ForkJoinPool} provides the entry point for submissions |
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1.57 |
* from non-{@code ForkJoinTask} clients, as well as management and |
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jsr166 |
1.48 |
* monitoring operations. |
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1.1 |
* |
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1.42 |
* <p>A {@code ForkJoinPool} differs from other kinds of {@link |
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* ExecutorService} mainly by virtue of employing |
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* <em>work-stealing</em>: all threads in the pool attempt to find and |
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* execute subtasks created by other active tasks (eventually blocking |
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* waiting for work if none exist). This enables efficient processing |
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* when most tasks spawn other subtasks (as do most {@code |
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1.57 |
* ForkJoinTask}s). When setting <em>asyncMode</em> to true in |
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* constructors, {@code ForkJoinPool}s may also be appropriate for use |
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* with event-style tasks that are never joined. |
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1.1 |
* |
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1.42 |
* <p>A {@code ForkJoinPool} is constructed with a given target |
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* parallelism level; by default, equal to the number of available |
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1.57 |
* processors. The pool attempts to maintain enough active (or |
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* available) threads by dynamically adding, suspending, or resuming |
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* internal worker threads, even if some tasks are stalled waiting to |
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* join others. However, no such adjustments are guaranteed in the |
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* face of blocked IO or other unmanaged synchronization. The nested |
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* {@link ManagedBlocker} interface enables extension of the kinds of |
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* synchronization accommodated. |
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* |
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* <p>In addition to execution and lifecycle control methods, this |
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* class provides status check methods (for example |
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1.29 |
* {@link #getStealCount}) that are intended to aid in developing, |
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1.1 |
* tuning, and monitoring fork/join applications. Also, method |
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1.29 |
* {@link #toString} returns indications of pool state in a |
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* convenient form for informal monitoring. |
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* |
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1.57 |
* <p> As is the case with other ExecutorServices, there are three |
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1.60 |
* main task execution methods summarized in the following |
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1.57 |
* table. These are designed to be used by clients not already engaged |
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* in fork/join computations in the current pool. The main forms of |
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* these methods accept instances of {@code ForkJoinTask}, but |
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* overloaded forms also allow mixed execution of plain {@code |
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* Runnable}- or {@code Callable}- based activities as well. However, |
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* tasks that are already executing in a pool should normally |
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* <em>NOT</em> use these pool execution methods, but instead use the |
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* within-computation forms listed in the table. |
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* |
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* <table BORDER CELLPADDING=3 CELLSPACING=1> |
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* <tr> |
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* <td></td> |
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* <td ALIGN=CENTER> <b>Call from non-fork/join clients</b></td> |
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* <td ALIGN=CENTER> <b>Call from within fork/join computations</b></td> |
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* </tr> |
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* <tr> |
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* <td> <b>Arrange async execution</td> |
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* <td> {@link #execute(ForkJoinTask)}</td> |
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* <td> {@link ForkJoinTask#fork}</td> |
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* </tr> |
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* <tr> |
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* <td> <b>Await and obtain result</td> |
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* <td> {@link #invoke(ForkJoinTask)}</td> |
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* <td> {@link ForkJoinTask#invoke}</td> |
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* </tr> |
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* <tr> |
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* <td> <b>Arrange exec and obtain Future</td> |
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* <td> {@link #submit(ForkJoinTask)}</td> |
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* <td> {@link ForkJoinTask#fork} (ForkJoinTasks <em>are</em> Futures)</td> |
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* </tr> |
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* </table> |
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* |
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* <p><b>Sample Usage.</b> Normally a single {@code ForkJoinPool} is |
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* used for all parallel task execution in a program or subsystem. |
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* Otherwise, use would not usually outweigh the construction and |
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* bookkeeping overhead of creating a large set of threads. For |
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* example, a common pool could be used for the {@code SortTasks} |
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* illustrated in {@link RecursiveAction}. Because {@code |
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* ForkJoinPool} uses threads in {@linkplain java.lang.Thread#isDaemon |
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1.43 |
* daemon} mode, there is typically no need to explicitly {@link |
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* #shutdown} such a pool upon program exit. |
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* |
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* <pre> |
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* static final ForkJoinPool mainPool = new ForkJoinPool(); |
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* ... |
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* public void sort(long[] array) { |
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* mainPool.invoke(new SortTask(array, 0, array.length)); |
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* } |
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* </pre> |
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* |
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* <p><b>Implementation notes</b>: This implementation restricts the |
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* maximum number of running threads to 32767. Attempts to create |
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1.48 |
* pools with greater than the maximum number result in |
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1.39 |
* {@code IllegalArgumentException}. |
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1.16 |
* |
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* <p>This implementation rejects submitted tasks (that is, by throwing |
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* {@link RejectedExecutionException}) only when the pool is shut down |
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* or internal resources have been exhausted. |
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* |
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jsr166 |
1.16 |
* @since 1.7 |
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* @author Doug Lea |
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1.1 |
*/ |
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1.2 |
public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService { |
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/* |
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* Implementation Overview |
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* |
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* This class provides the central bookkeeping and control for a |
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* set of worker threads: Submissions from non-FJ threads enter |
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* into a submission queue. Workers take these tasks and typically |
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* split them into subtasks that may be stolen by other workers. |
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* The main work-stealing mechanics implemented in class |
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* ForkJoinWorkerThread give first priority to processing tasks |
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* from their own queues (LIFO or FIFO, depending on mode), then |
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* to randomized FIFO steals of tasks in other worker queues, and |
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* lastly to new submissions. These mechanics do not consider |
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* affinities, loads, cache localities, etc, so rarely provide the |
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* best possible performance on a given machine, but portably |
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* provide good throughput by averaging over these factors. |
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* (Further, even if we did try to use such information, we do not |
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* usually have a basis for exploiting it. For example, some sets |
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* of tasks profit from cache affinities, but others are harmed by |
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* cache pollution effects.) |
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* |
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* Beyond work-stealing support and essential bookkeeping, the |
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* main responsibility of this framework is to take actions when |
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* one worker is waiting to join a task stolen (or always held by) |
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jsr166 |
1.67 |
* another. Because we are multiplexing many tasks on to a pool |
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1.60 |
* of workers, we can't just let them block (as in Thread.join). |
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* We also cannot just reassign the joiner's run-time stack with |
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* another and replace it later, which would be a form of |
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* "continuation", that even if possible is not necessarily a good |
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* idea. Given that the creation costs of most threads on most |
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* systems mainly surrounds setting up runtime stacks, thread |
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* creation and switching is usually not much more expensive than |
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* stack creation and switching, and is more flexible). Instead we |
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* combine two tactics: |
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* |
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* Helping: Arranging for the joiner to execute some task that it |
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1.58 |
* would be running if the steal had not occurred. Method |
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* ForkJoinWorkerThread.helpJoinTask tracks joining->stealing |
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* links to try to find such a task. |
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* |
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* Compensating: Unless there are already enough live threads, |
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* method helpMaintainParallelism() may create or or |
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* re-activate a spare thread to compensate for blocked |
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* joiners until they unblock. |
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* |
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* It is impossible to keep exactly the target (parallelism) |
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* number of threads running at any given time. Determining |
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* existence of conservatively safe helping targets, the |
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* availability of already-created spares, and the apparent need |
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* to create new spares are all racy and require heuristic |
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* guidance, so we rely on multiple retries of each. Compensation |
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* occurs in slow-motion. It is triggered only upon timeouts of |
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* Object.wait used for joins. This reduces poor decisions that |
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* would otherwise be made when threads are waiting for others |
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* that are stalled because of unrelated activities such as |
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* garbage collection. |
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1.58 |
* |
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* The ManagedBlocker extension API can't use helping so relies |
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* only on compensation in method awaitBlocker. |
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1.58 |
* |
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1.53 |
* The main throughput advantages of work-stealing stem from |
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* decentralized control -- workers mostly steal tasks from each |
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* other. We do not want to negate this by creating bottlenecks |
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1.58 |
* implementing other management responsibilities. So we use a |
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* collection of techniques that avoid, reduce, or cope well with |
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* contention. These entail several instances of bit-packing into |
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* CASable fields to maintain only the minimally required |
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* atomicity. To enable such packing, we restrict maximum |
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* parallelism to (1<<15)-1 (enabling twice this (to accommodate |
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* unbalanced increments and decrements) to fit into a 16 bit |
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* field, which is far in excess of normal operating range. Even |
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* though updates to some of these bookkeeping fields do sometimes |
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* contend with each other, they don't normally cache-contend with |
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* updates to others enough to warrant memory padding or |
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* isolation. So they are all held as fields of ForkJoinPool |
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* objects. The main capabilities are as follows: |
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1.53 |
* |
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* 1. Creating and removing workers. Workers are recorded in the |
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* "workers" array. This is an array as opposed to some other data |
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* structure to support index-based random steals by workers. |
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* Updates to the array recording new workers and unrecording |
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* terminated ones are protected from each other by a lock |
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* (workerLock) but the array is otherwise concurrently readable, |
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* and accessed directly by workers. To simplify index-based |
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* operations, the array size is always a power of two, and all |
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1.56 |
* readers must tolerate null slots. Currently, all worker thread |
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* creation is on-demand, triggered by task submissions, |
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* replacement of terminated workers, and/or compensation for |
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* blocked workers. However, all other support code is set up to |
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* work with other policies. |
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1.53 |
* |
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1.61 |
* To ensure that we do not hold on to worker references that |
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* would prevent GC, ALL accesses to workers are via indices into |
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* the workers array (which is one source of some of the unusual |
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* code constructions here). In essence, the workers array serves |
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* as a WeakReference mechanism. Thus for example the event queue |
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* stores worker indices, not worker references. Access to the |
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* workers in associated methods (for example releaseEventWaiters) |
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* must both index-check and null-check the IDs. All such accesses |
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* ignore bad IDs by returning out early from what they are doing, |
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* since this can only be associated with shutdown, in which case |
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* it is OK to give up. On termination, we just clobber these |
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* data structures without trying to use them. |
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* |
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dl |
1.53 |
* 2. Bookkeeping for dynamically adding and removing workers. We |
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1.57 |
* aim to approximately maintain the given level of parallelism. |
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* When some workers are known to be blocked (on joins or via |
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dl |
1.53 |
* ManagedBlocker), we may create or resume others to take their |
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* place until they unblock (see below). Implementing this |
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* requires counts of the number of "running" threads (i.e., those |
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jsr166 |
1.67 |
* that are neither blocked nor artificially suspended) as well as |
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1.53 |
* the total number. These two values are packed into one field, |
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* "workerCounts" because we need accurate snapshots when deciding |
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dl |
1.58 |
* to create, resume or suspend. Note however that the |
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1.67 |
* correspondence of these counts to reality is not guaranteed. In |
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1.58 |
* particular updates for unblocked threads may lag until they |
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* actually wake up. |
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1.53 |
* |
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* 3. Maintaining global run state. The run state of the pool |
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* consists of a runLevel (SHUTDOWN, TERMINATING, etc) similar to |
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* those in other Executor implementations, as well as a count of |
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* "active" workers -- those that are, or soon will be, or |
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* recently were executing tasks. The runLevel and active count |
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* are packed together in order to correctly trigger shutdown and |
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* termination. Without care, active counts can be subject to very |
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* high contention. We substantially reduce this contention by |
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* relaxing update rules. A worker must claim active status |
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* prospectively, by activating if it sees that a submitted or |
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* stealable task exists (it may find after activating that the |
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* task no longer exists). It stays active while processing this |
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* task (if it exists) and any other local subtasks it produces, |
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* until it cannot find any other tasks. It then tries |
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* inactivating (see method preStep), but upon update contention |
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* instead scans for more tasks, later retrying inactivation if it |
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* doesn't find any. |
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* |
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* 4. Managing idle workers waiting for tasks. We cannot let |
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* workers spin indefinitely scanning for tasks when none are |
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* available. On the other hand, we must quickly prod them into |
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* action when new tasks are submitted or generated. We |
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* park/unpark these idle workers using an event-count scheme. |
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* Field eventCount is incremented upon events that may enable |
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* workers that previously could not find a task to now find one: |
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* Submission of a new task to the pool, or another worker pushing |
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* a task onto a previously empty queue. (We also use this |
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dl |
1.64 |
* mechanism for configuration and termination actions that |
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* require wakeups of idle workers). Each worker maintains its |
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* last known event count, and blocks when a scan for work did not |
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* find a task AND its lastEventCount matches the current |
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* eventCount. Waiting idle workers are recorded in a variant of |
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* Treiber stack headed by field eventWaiters which, when nonzero, |
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* encodes the thread index and count awaited for by the worker |
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* thread most recently calling eventSync. This thread in turn has |
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* a record (field nextEventWaiter) for the next waiting worker. |
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* In addition to allowing simpler decisions about need for |
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* wakeup, the event count bits in eventWaiters serve the role of |
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* tags to avoid ABA errors in Treiber stacks. Upon any wakeup, |
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dl |
1.66 |
* released threads also try to release at most two others. The |
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* net effect is a tree-like diffusion of signals, where released |
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* threads (and possibly others) help with unparks. To further |
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* reduce contention effects a bit, failed CASes to increment |
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* field eventCount are tolerated without retries in signalWork. |
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1.53 |
* Conceptually they are merged into the same event, which is OK |
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* when their only purpose is to enable workers to scan for work. |
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* |
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1.66 |
* 5. Managing suspension of extra workers. When a worker notices |
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* (usually upon timeout of a wait()) that there are too few |
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* running threads, we may create a new thread to maintain |
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* parallelism level, or at least avoid starvation. Usually, extra |
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* threads are needed for only very short periods, yet join |
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* dependencies are such that we sometimes need them in |
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* bursts. Rather than create new threads each time this happens, |
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* we suspend no-longer-needed extra ones as "spares". For most |
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* purposes, we don't distinguish "extra" spare threads from |
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* normal "core" threads: On each call to preStep (the only point |
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* at which we can do this) a worker checks to see if there are |
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* now too many running workers, and if so, suspends itself. |
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* Method helpMaintainParallelism looks for suspended threads to |
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* resume before considering creating a new replacement. The |
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* spares themselves are encoded on another variant of a Treiber |
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* Stack, headed at field "spareWaiters". Note that the use of |
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* spares is intrinsically racy. One thread may become a spare at |
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* about the same time as another is needlessly being created. We |
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* counteract this and related slop in part by requiring resumed |
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* spares to immediately recheck (in preStep) to see whether they |
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* they should re-suspend. |
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* |
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* 6. Killing off unneeded workers. A timeout mechanism is used to |
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* shed unused workers: The oldest (first) event queue waiter uses |
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* a timed rather than hard wait. When this wait times out without |
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* a normal wakeup, it tries to shutdown any one (for convenience |
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* the newest) other spare or event waiter via |
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* tryShutdownUnusedWorker. This eventually reduces the number of |
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* worker threads to a minimum of one after a long enough period |
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* without use. |
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1.64 |
* |
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* 7. Deciding when to create new workers. The main dynamic |
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dl |
1.61 |
* control in this class is deciding when to create extra threads |
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* in method helpMaintainParallelism. We would like to keep |
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jsr166 |
1.67 |
* exactly #parallelism threads running, which is an impossible |
319 |
dl |
1.61 |
* task. We always need to create one when the number of running |
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* threads would become zero and all workers are busy. Beyond |
321 |
|
|
* this, we must rely on heuristics that work well in the the |
322 |
|
|
* presence of transients phenomena such as GC stalls, dynamic |
323 |
|
|
* compilation, and wake-up lags. These transients are extremely |
324 |
|
|
* common -- we are normally trying to fully saturate the CPUs on |
325 |
|
|
* a machine, so almost any activity other than running tasks |
326 |
dl |
1.66 |
* impedes accuracy. Our main defense is to allow parallelism to |
327 |
|
|
* lapse for a while during joins, and use a timeout to see if, |
328 |
|
|
* after the resulting settling, there is still a need for |
329 |
|
|
* additional workers. This also better copes with the fact that |
330 |
|
|
* some of the methods in this class tend to never become compiled |
331 |
|
|
* (but are interpreted), so some components of the entire set of |
332 |
|
|
* controls might execute 100 times faster than others. And |
333 |
|
|
* similarly for cases where the apparent lack of work is just due |
334 |
|
|
* to GC stalls and other transient system activity. |
335 |
dl |
1.53 |
* |
336 |
|
|
* Beware that there is a lot of representation-level coupling |
337 |
|
|
* among classes ForkJoinPool, ForkJoinWorkerThread, and |
338 |
|
|
* ForkJoinTask. For example, direct access to "workers" array by |
339 |
|
|
* workers, and direct access to ForkJoinTask.status by both |
340 |
|
|
* ForkJoinPool and ForkJoinWorkerThread. There is little point |
341 |
|
|
* trying to reduce this, since any associated future changes in |
342 |
|
|
* representations will need to be accompanied by algorithmic |
343 |
|
|
* changes anyway. |
344 |
|
|
* |
345 |
|
|
* Style notes: There are lots of inline assignments (of form |
346 |
|
|
* "while ((local = field) != 0)") which are usually the simplest |
347 |
dl |
1.61 |
* way to ensure the required read orderings (which are sometimes |
348 |
|
|
* critical). Also several occurrences of the unusual "do {} |
349 |
|
|
* while(!cas...)" which is the simplest way to force an update of |
350 |
|
|
* a CAS'ed variable. There are also other coding oddities that |
351 |
|
|
* help some methods perform reasonably even when interpreted (not |
352 |
|
|
* compiled), at the expense of some messy constructions that |
353 |
|
|
* reduce byte code counts. |
354 |
dl |
1.53 |
* |
355 |
|
|
* The order of declarations in this file is: (1) statics (2) |
356 |
|
|
* fields (along with constants used when unpacking some of them) |
357 |
|
|
* (3) internal control methods (4) callbacks and other support |
358 |
|
|
* for ForkJoinTask and ForkJoinWorkerThread classes, (5) exported |
359 |
|
|
* methods (plus a few little helpers). |
360 |
dl |
1.1 |
*/ |
361 |
|
|
|
362 |
|
|
/** |
363 |
jsr166 |
1.35 |
* Factory for creating new {@link ForkJoinWorkerThread}s. |
364 |
|
|
* A {@code ForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory} must be defined and used |
365 |
|
|
* for {@code ForkJoinWorkerThread} subclasses that extend base |
366 |
|
|
* functionality or initialize threads with different contexts. |
367 |
dl |
1.1 |
*/ |
368 |
|
|
public static interface ForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory { |
369 |
|
|
/** |
370 |
|
|
* Returns a new worker thread operating in the given pool. |
371 |
|
|
* |
372 |
|
|
* @param pool the pool this thread works in |
373 |
jsr166 |
1.48 |
* @throws NullPointerException if the pool is null |
374 |
dl |
1.1 |
*/ |
375 |
|
|
public ForkJoinWorkerThread newThread(ForkJoinPool pool); |
376 |
|
|
} |
377 |
|
|
|
378 |
|
|
/** |
379 |
jsr166 |
1.17 |
* Default ForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory implementation; creates a |
380 |
dl |
1.1 |
* new ForkJoinWorkerThread. |
381 |
|
|
*/ |
382 |
dl |
1.57 |
static class DefaultForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory |
383 |
dl |
1.1 |
implements ForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory { |
384 |
|
|
public ForkJoinWorkerThread newThread(ForkJoinPool pool) { |
385 |
dl |
1.53 |
return new ForkJoinWorkerThread(pool); |
386 |
dl |
1.1 |
} |
387 |
|
|
} |
388 |
|
|
|
389 |
|
|
/** |
390 |
dl |
1.2 |
* Creates a new ForkJoinWorkerThread. This factory is used unless |
391 |
|
|
* overridden in ForkJoinPool constructors. |
392 |
dl |
1.1 |
*/ |
393 |
dl |
1.2 |
public static final ForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory |
394 |
dl |
1.1 |
defaultForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory = |
395 |
|
|
new DefaultForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory(); |
396 |
|
|
|
397 |
|
|
/** |
398 |
|
|
* Permission required for callers of methods that may start or |
399 |
|
|
* kill threads. |
400 |
|
|
*/ |
401 |
|
|
private static final RuntimePermission modifyThreadPermission = |
402 |
|
|
new RuntimePermission("modifyThread"); |
403 |
|
|
|
404 |
|
|
/** |
405 |
|
|
* If there is a security manager, makes sure caller has |
406 |
|
|
* permission to modify threads. |
407 |
|
|
*/ |
408 |
|
|
private static void checkPermission() { |
409 |
|
|
SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager(); |
410 |
|
|
if (security != null) |
411 |
|
|
security.checkPermission(modifyThreadPermission); |
412 |
|
|
} |
413 |
|
|
|
414 |
|
|
/** |
415 |
|
|
* Generator for assigning sequence numbers as pool names. |
416 |
|
|
*/ |
417 |
|
|
private static final AtomicInteger poolNumberGenerator = |
418 |
|
|
new AtomicInteger(); |
419 |
|
|
|
420 |
|
|
/** |
421 |
dl |
1.66 |
* The time to block in a join (see awaitJoin) before checking if |
422 |
|
|
* a new worker should be (re)started to maintain parallelism |
423 |
jsr166 |
1.67 |
* level. The value should be short enough to maintain global |
424 |
dl |
1.66 |
* responsiveness and progress but long enough to avoid |
425 |
|
|
* counterproductive firings during GC stalls or unrelated system |
426 |
|
|
* activity, and to not bog down systems with continual re-firings |
427 |
|
|
* on GCs or legitimately long waits. |
428 |
|
|
*/ |
429 |
|
|
private static final long JOIN_TIMEOUT_MILLIS = 250L; // 4 per second |
430 |
|
|
|
431 |
|
|
/** |
432 |
dl |
1.64 |
* The wakeup interval (in nanoseconds) for the oldest worker |
433 |
dl |
1.66 |
* worker waiting for an event invokes tryShutdownUnusedWorker to shrink |
434 |
dl |
1.64 |
* the number of workers. The exact value does not matter too |
435 |
|
|
* much, but should be long enough to slowly release resources |
436 |
|
|
* during long periods without use without disrupting normal use. |
437 |
|
|
*/ |
438 |
|
|
private static final long SHRINK_RATE_NANOS = |
439 |
dl |
1.66 |
30L * 1000L * 1000L * 1000L; // 2 per minute |
440 |
dl |
1.64 |
|
441 |
|
|
/** |
442 |
dl |
1.61 |
* Absolute bound for parallelism level. Twice this number plus |
443 |
|
|
* one (i.e., 0xfff) must fit into a 16bit field to enable |
444 |
|
|
* word-packing for some counts and indices. |
445 |
dl |
1.53 |
*/ |
446 |
dl |
1.61 |
private static final int MAX_WORKERS = 0x7fff; |
447 |
dl |
1.53 |
|
448 |
|
|
/** |
449 |
|
|
* Array holding all worker threads in the pool. Array size must |
450 |
|
|
* be a power of two. Updates and replacements are protected by |
451 |
|
|
* workerLock, but the array is always kept in a consistent enough |
452 |
|
|
* state to be randomly accessed without locking by workers |
453 |
|
|
* performing work-stealing, as well as other traversal-based |
454 |
|
|
* methods in this class. All readers must tolerate that some |
455 |
|
|
* array slots may be null. |
456 |
dl |
1.1 |
*/ |
457 |
|
|
volatile ForkJoinWorkerThread[] workers; |
458 |
|
|
|
459 |
|
|
/** |
460 |
dl |
1.53 |
* Queue for external submissions. |
461 |
dl |
1.1 |
*/ |
462 |
dl |
1.53 |
private final LinkedTransferQueue<ForkJoinTask<?>> submissionQueue; |
463 |
dl |
1.1 |
|
464 |
|
|
/** |
465 |
dl |
1.53 |
* Lock protecting updates to workers array. |
466 |
dl |
1.1 |
*/ |
467 |
dl |
1.53 |
private final ReentrantLock workerLock; |
468 |
dl |
1.1 |
|
469 |
|
|
/** |
470 |
dl |
1.53 |
* Latch released upon termination. |
471 |
dl |
1.1 |
*/ |
472 |
dl |
1.57 |
private final Phaser termination; |
473 |
dl |
1.1 |
|
474 |
|
|
/** |
475 |
|
|
* Creation factory for worker threads. |
476 |
|
|
*/ |
477 |
|
|
private final ForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory factory; |
478 |
|
|
|
479 |
|
|
/** |
480 |
dl |
1.53 |
* Sum of per-thread steal counts, updated only when threads are |
481 |
|
|
* idle or terminating. |
482 |
dl |
1.1 |
*/ |
483 |
dl |
1.53 |
private volatile long stealCount; |
484 |
dl |
1.1 |
|
485 |
|
|
/** |
486 |
jsr166 |
1.67 |
* Encoded record of top of Treiber stack of threads waiting for |
487 |
dl |
1.53 |
* events. The top 32 bits contain the count being waited for. The |
488 |
dl |
1.61 |
* bottom 16 bits contains one plus the pool index of waiting |
489 |
|
|
* worker thread. (Bits 16-31 are unused.) |
490 |
dl |
1.1 |
*/ |
491 |
dl |
1.53 |
private volatile long eventWaiters; |
492 |
|
|
|
493 |
|
|
private static final int EVENT_COUNT_SHIFT = 32; |
494 |
dl |
1.61 |
private static final long WAITER_ID_MASK = (1L << 16) - 1L; |
495 |
dl |
1.1 |
|
496 |
|
|
/** |
497 |
dl |
1.53 |
* A counter for events that may wake up worker threads: |
498 |
|
|
* - Submission of a new task to the pool |
499 |
|
|
* - A worker pushing a task on an empty queue |
500 |
dl |
1.61 |
* - termination |
501 |
dl |
1.1 |
*/ |
502 |
dl |
1.53 |
private volatile int eventCount; |
503 |
|
|
|
504 |
|
|
/** |
505 |
jsr166 |
1.67 |
* Encoded record of top of Treiber stack of spare threads waiting |
506 |
dl |
1.61 |
* for resumption. The top 16 bits contain an arbitrary count to |
507 |
|
|
* avoid ABA effects. The bottom 16bits contains one plus the pool |
508 |
|
|
* index of waiting worker thread. |
509 |
|
|
*/ |
510 |
|
|
private volatile int spareWaiters; |
511 |
|
|
|
512 |
|
|
private static final int SPARE_COUNT_SHIFT = 16; |
513 |
|
|
private static final int SPARE_ID_MASK = (1 << 16) - 1; |
514 |
|
|
|
515 |
|
|
/** |
516 |
dl |
1.53 |
* Lifecycle control. The low word contains the number of workers |
517 |
|
|
* that are (probably) executing tasks. This value is atomically |
518 |
|
|
* incremented before a worker gets a task to run, and decremented |
519 |
|
|
* when worker has no tasks and cannot find any. Bits 16-18 |
520 |
|
|
* contain runLevel value. When all are zero, the pool is |
521 |
|
|
* running. Level transitions are monotonic (running -> shutdown |
522 |
|
|
* -> terminating -> terminated) so each transition adds a bit. |
523 |
|
|
* These are bundled together to ensure consistent read for |
524 |
|
|
* termination checks (i.e., that runLevel is at least SHUTDOWN |
525 |
|
|
* and active threads is zero). |
526 |
dl |
1.64 |
* |
527 |
|
|
* Notes: Most direct CASes are dependent on these bitfield |
528 |
|
|
* positions. Also, this field is non-private to enable direct |
529 |
|
|
* performance-sensitive CASes in ForkJoinWorkerThread. |
530 |
dl |
1.53 |
*/ |
531 |
dl |
1.64 |
volatile int runState; |
532 |
dl |
1.53 |
|
533 |
|
|
// Note: The order among run level values matters. |
534 |
|
|
private static final int RUNLEVEL_SHIFT = 16; |
535 |
|
|
private static final int SHUTDOWN = 1 << RUNLEVEL_SHIFT; |
536 |
|
|
private static final int TERMINATING = 1 << (RUNLEVEL_SHIFT + 1); |
537 |
|
|
private static final int TERMINATED = 1 << (RUNLEVEL_SHIFT + 2); |
538 |
|
|
private static final int ACTIVE_COUNT_MASK = (1 << RUNLEVEL_SHIFT) - 1; |
539 |
dl |
1.1 |
|
540 |
|
|
/** |
541 |
dl |
1.53 |
* Holds number of total (i.e., created and not yet terminated) |
542 |
|
|
* and running (i.e., not blocked on joins or other managed sync) |
543 |
|
|
* threads, packed together to ensure consistent snapshot when |
544 |
|
|
* making decisions about creating and suspending spare |
545 |
|
|
* threads. Updated only by CAS. Note that adding a new worker |
546 |
|
|
* requires incrementing both counts, since workers start off in |
547 |
dl |
1.60 |
* running state. |
548 |
dl |
1.53 |
*/ |
549 |
|
|
private volatile int workerCounts; |
550 |
|
|
|
551 |
|
|
private static final int TOTAL_COUNT_SHIFT = 16; |
552 |
|
|
private static final int RUNNING_COUNT_MASK = (1 << TOTAL_COUNT_SHIFT) - 1; |
553 |
|
|
private static final int ONE_RUNNING = 1; |
554 |
|
|
private static final int ONE_TOTAL = 1 << TOTAL_COUNT_SHIFT; |
555 |
|
|
|
556 |
dl |
1.1 |
/** |
557 |
dl |
1.53 |
* The target parallelism level. |
558 |
dl |
1.57 |
* Accessed directly by ForkJoinWorkerThreads. |
559 |
dl |
1.1 |
*/ |
560 |
dl |
1.57 |
final int parallelism; |
561 |
dl |
1.1 |
|
562 |
|
|
/** |
563 |
dl |
1.53 |
* True if use local fifo, not default lifo, for local polling |
564 |
dl |
1.57 |
* Read by, and replicated by ForkJoinWorkerThreads |
565 |
dl |
1.1 |
*/ |
566 |
dl |
1.57 |
final boolean locallyFifo; |
567 |
dl |
1.1 |
|
568 |
|
|
/** |
569 |
dl |
1.57 |
* The uncaught exception handler used when any worker abruptly |
570 |
|
|
* terminates. |
571 |
dl |
1.1 |
*/ |
572 |
dl |
1.57 |
private final Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler ueh; |
573 |
dl |
1.6 |
|
574 |
|
|
/** |
575 |
dl |
1.53 |
* Pool number, just for assigning useful names to worker threads |
576 |
dl |
1.1 |
*/ |
577 |
dl |
1.53 |
private final int poolNumber; |
578 |
dl |
1.1 |
|
579 |
dl |
1.64 |
// Utilities for CASing fields. Note that most of these |
580 |
|
|
// are usually manually inlined by callers |
581 |
dl |
1.1 |
|
582 |
|
|
/** |
583 |
dl |
1.61 |
* Increments running count part of workerCounts |
584 |
dl |
1.1 |
*/ |
585 |
dl |
1.57 |
final void incrementRunningCount() { |
586 |
|
|
int c; |
587 |
dl |
1.53 |
do {} while (!UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, workerCountsOffset, |
588 |
dl |
1.59 |
c = workerCounts, |
589 |
dl |
1.57 |
c + ONE_RUNNING)); |
590 |
dl |
1.1 |
} |
591 |
dl |
1.58 |
|
592 |
dl |
1.1 |
/** |
593 |
dl |
1.57 |
* Tries to decrement running count unless already zero |
594 |
dl |
1.56 |
*/ |
595 |
|
|
final boolean tryDecrementRunningCount() { |
596 |
|
|
int wc = workerCounts; |
597 |
|
|
if ((wc & RUNNING_COUNT_MASK) == 0) |
598 |
|
|
return false; |
599 |
|
|
return UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, workerCountsOffset, |
600 |
|
|
wc, wc - ONE_RUNNING); |
601 |
|
|
} |
602 |
|
|
|
603 |
|
|
/** |
604 |
dl |
1.61 |
* Forces decrement of encoded workerCounts, awaiting nonzero if |
605 |
|
|
* (rarely) necessary when other count updates lag. |
606 |
|
|
* |
607 |
|
|
* @param dr -- either zero or ONE_RUNNING |
608 |
|
|
* @param dt == either zero or ONE_TOTAL |
609 |
dl |
1.58 |
*/ |
610 |
dl |
1.61 |
private void decrementWorkerCounts(int dr, int dt) { |
611 |
|
|
for (;;) { |
612 |
|
|
int wc = workerCounts; |
613 |
|
|
if ((wc & RUNNING_COUNT_MASK) - dr < 0 || |
614 |
dl |
1.64 |
(wc >>> TOTAL_COUNT_SHIFT) - dt < 0) { |
615 |
|
|
if ((runState & TERMINATED) != 0) |
616 |
|
|
return; // lagging termination on a backout |
617 |
dl |
1.61 |
Thread.yield(); |
618 |
dl |
1.64 |
} |
619 |
dl |
1.61 |
if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, workerCountsOffset, |
620 |
|
|
wc, wc - (dr + dt))) |
621 |
|
|
return; |
622 |
|
|
} |
623 |
|
|
} |
624 |
|
|
|
625 |
|
|
/** |
626 |
jsr166 |
1.16 |
* Tries decrementing active count; fails on contention. |
627 |
dl |
1.53 |
* Called when workers cannot find tasks to run. |
628 |
|
|
*/ |
629 |
|
|
final boolean tryDecrementActiveCount() { |
630 |
|
|
int c; |
631 |
|
|
return UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, runStateOffset, |
632 |
dl |
1.64 |
c = runState, c - 1); |
633 |
dl |
1.53 |
} |
634 |
|
|
|
635 |
|
|
/** |
636 |
|
|
* Advances to at least the given level. Returns true if not |
637 |
|
|
* already in at least the given level. |
638 |
|
|
*/ |
639 |
|
|
private boolean advanceRunLevel(int level) { |
640 |
|
|
for (;;) { |
641 |
|
|
int s = runState; |
642 |
|
|
if ((s & level) != 0) |
643 |
|
|
return false; |
644 |
|
|
if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, runStateOffset, s, s | level)) |
645 |
|
|
return true; |
646 |
|
|
} |
647 |
|
|
} |
648 |
|
|
|
649 |
|
|
// workers array maintenance |
650 |
|
|
|
651 |
|
|
/** |
652 |
|
|
* Records and returns a workers array index for new worker. |
653 |
|
|
*/ |
654 |
|
|
private int recordWorker(ForkJoinWorkerThread w) { |
655 |
|
|
// Try using slot totalCount-1. If not available, scan and/or resize |
656 |
|
|
int k = (workerCounts >>> TOTAL_COUNT_SHIFT) - 1; |
657 |
|
|
final ReentrantLock lock = this.workerLock; |
658 |
|
|
lock.lock(); |
659 |
|
|
try { |
660 |
|
|
ForkJoinWorkerThread[] ws = workers; |
661 |
dl |
1.61 |
int n = ws.length; |
662 |
|
|
if (k < 0 || k >= n || ws[k] != null) { |
663 |
|
|
for (k = 0; k < n && ws[k] != null; ++k) |
664 |
dl |
1.53 |
; |
665 |
dl |
1.61 |
if (k == n) |
666 |
|
|
ws = Arrays.copyOf(ws, n << 1); |
667 |
dl |
1.53 |
} |
668 |
|
|
ws[k] = w; |
669 |
|
|
workers = ws; // volatile array write ensures slot visibility |
670 |
|
|
} finally { |
671 |
|
|
lock.unlock(); |
672 |
|
|
} |
673 |
|
|
return k; |
674 |
|
|
} |
675 |
|
|
|
676 |
|
|
/** |
677 |
|
|
* Nulls out record of worker in workers array |
678 |
|
|
*/ |
679 |
|
|
private void forgetWorker(ForkJoinWorkerThread w) { |
680 |
|
|
int idx = w.poolIndex; |
681 |
jsr166 |
1.67 |
// Locking helps method recordWorker avoid unnecessary expansion |
682 |
dl |
1.53 |
final ReentrantLock lock = this.workerLock; |
683 |
|
|
lock.lock(); |
684 |
|
|
try { |
685 |
|
|
ForkJoinWorkerThread[] ws = workers; |
686 |
|
|
if (idx >= 0 && idx < ws.length && ws[idx] == w) // verify |
687 |
|
|
ws[idx] = null; |
688 |
|
|
} finally { |
689 |
|
|
lock.unlock(); |
690 |
|
|
} |
691 |
|
|
} |
692 |
|
|
|
693 |
|
|
/** |
694 |
|
|
* Final callback from terminating worker. Removes record of |
695 |
|
|
* worker from array, and adjusts counts. If pool is shutting |
696 |
jsr166 |
1.67 |
* down, tries to complete termination. |
697 |
dl |
1.53 |
* |
698 |
|
|
* @param w the worker |
699 |
|
|
*/ |
700 |
|
|
final void workerTerminated(ForkJoinWorkerThread w) { |
701 |
|
|
forgetWorker(w); |
702 |
dl |
1.61 |
decrementWorkerCounts(w.isTrimmed()? 0 : ONE_RUNNING, ONE_TOTAL); |
703 |
|
|
while (w.stealCount != 0) // collect final count |
704 |
|
|
tryAccumulateStealCount(w); |
705 |
|
|
tryTerminate(false); |
706 |
dl |
1.53 |
} |
707 |
|
|
|
708 |
|
|
// Waiting for and signalling events |
709 |
|
|
|
710 |
|
|
/** |
711 |
|
|
* Releases workers blocked on a count not equal to current count. |
712 |
dl |
1.61 |
* Normally called after precheck that eventWaiters isn't zero to |
713 |
dl |
1.64 |
* avoid wasted array checks. Gives up upon a change in count or |
714 |
dl |
1.66 |
* upon releasing two workers, letting others take over. |
715 |
dl |
1.53 |
*/ |
716 |
dl |
1.64 |
private void releaseEventWaiters() { |
717 |
dl |
1.61 |
ForkJoinWorkerThread[] ws = workers; |
718 |
|
|
int n = ws.length; |
719 |
dl |
1.64 |
long h = eventWaiters; |
720 |
|
|
int ec = eventCount; |
721 |
dl |
1.66 |
boolean releasedOne = false; |
722 |
dl |
1.64 |
ForkJoinWorkerThread w; int id; |
723 |
dl |
1.66 |
while ((id = ((int)(h & WAITER_ID_MASK)) - 1) >= 0 && |
724 |
|
|
(int)(h >>> EVENT_COUNT_SHIFT) != ec && |
725 |
|
|
id < n && (w = ws[id]) != null) { |
726 |
|
|
if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapLong(this, eventWaitersOffset, |
727 |
|
|
h, w.nextWaiter)) { |
728 |
|
|
LockSupport.unpark(w); |
729 |
|
|
if (releasedOne) // exit on second release |
730 |
|
|
break; |
731 |
|
|
releasedOne = true; |
732 |
|
|
} |
733 |
|
|
if (eventCount != ec) |
734 |
dl |
1.61 |
break; |
735 |
dl |
1.66 |
h = eventWaiters; |
736 |
dl |
1.53 |
} |
737 |
|
|
} |
738 |
|
|
|
739 |
|
|
/** |
740 |
dl |
1.61 |
* Tries to advance eventCount and releases waiters. Called only |
741 |
|
|
* from workers. |
742 |
dl |
1.53 |
*/ |
743 |
|
|
final void signalWork() { |
744 |
dl |
1.61 |
int c; // try to increment event count -- CAS failure OK |
745 |
|
|
UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, eventCountOffset, c = eventCount, c+1); |
746 |
|
|
if (eventWaiters != 0L) |
747 |
dl |
1.64 |
releaseEventWaiters(); |
748 |
dl |
1.53 |
} |
749 |
|
|
|
750 |
|
|
/** |
751 |
dl |
1.64 |
* Adds the given worker to event queue and blocks until |
752 |
dl |
1.66 |
* terminating or event count advances from the given value |
753 |
dl |
1.53 |
* |
754 |
|
|
* @param w the calling worker thread |
755 |
dl |
1.66 |
* @param ec the count |
756 |
dl |
1.53 |
*/ |
757 |
dl |
1.66 |
private void eventSync(ForkJoinWorkerThread w, int ec) { |
758 |
dl |
1.64 |
long nh = (((long)ec) << EVENT_COUNT_SHIFT) | ((long)(w.poolIndex+1)); |
759 |
dl |
1.61 |
long h; |
760 |
dl |
1.60 |
while ((runState < SHUTDOWN || !tryTerminate(false)) && |
761 |
dl |
1.64 |
(((int)((h = eventWaiters) & WAITER_ID_MASK)) == 0 || |
762 |
|
|
(int)(h >>> EVENT_COUNT_SHIFT) == ec) && |
763 |
|
|
eventCount == ec) { |
764 |
dl |
1.60 |
if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapLong(this, eventWaitersOffset, |
765 |
dl |
1.61 |
w.nextWaiter = h, nh)) { |
766 |
dl |
1.64 |
awaitEvent(w, ec); |
767 |
|
|
break; |
768 |
|
|
} |
769 |
|
|
} |
770 |
|
|
} |
771 |
|
|
|
772 |
|
|
/** |
773 |
|
|
* Blocks the given worker (that has already been entered as an |
774 |
|
|
* event waiter) until terminating or event count advances from |
775 |
|
|
* the given value. The oldest (first) waiter uses a timed wait to |
776 |
|
|
* occasionally one-by-one shrink the number of workers (to a |
777 |
dl |
1.66 |
* minimum of one) if the pool has not been used for extended |
778 |
dl |
1.64 |
* periods. |
779 |
|
|
* |
780 |
|
|
* @param w the calling worker thread |
781 |
|
|
* @param ec the count |
782 |
|
|
*/ |
783 |
|
|
private void awaitEvent(ForkJoinWorkerThread w, int ec) { |
784 |
|
|
while (eventCount == ec) { |
785 |
|
|
if (tryAccumulateStealCount(w)) { // transfer while idle |
786 |
|
|
boolean untimed = (w.nextWaiter != 0L || |
787 |
|
|
(workerCounts & RUNNING_COUNT_MASK) <= 1); |
788 |
|
|
long startTime = untimed? 0 : System.nanoTime(); |
789 |
|
|
Thread.interrupted(); // clear/ignore interrupt |
790 |
dl |
1.66 |
if (eventCount != ec || w.runState != 0 || |
791 |
dl |
1.64 |
runState >= TERMINATING) // recheck after clear |
792 |
|
|
break; |
793 |
|
|
if (untimed) |
794 |
|
|
LockSupport.park(w); |
795 |
|
|
else { |
796 |
|
|
LockSupport.parkNanos(w, SHRINK_RATE_NANOS); |
797 |
dl |
1.66 |
if (eventCount != ec || w.runState != 0 || |
798 |
dl |
1.64 |
runState >= TERMINATING) |
799 |
dl |
1.61 |
break; |
800 |
dl |
1.64 |
if (System.nanoTime() - startTime >= SHRINK_RATE_NANOS) |
801 |
dl |
1.66 |
tryShutdownUnusedWorker(ec); |
802 |
dl |
1.61 |
} |
803 |
dl |
1.53 |
} |
804 |
|
|
} |
805 |
dl |
1.64 |
} |
806 |
|
|
|
807 |
dl |
1.66 |
// Maintaining parallelism |
808 |
dl |
1.61 |
|
809 |
|
|
/** |
810 |
|
|
* Pushes worker onto the spare stack |
811 |
|
|
*/ |
812 |
|
|
final void pushSpare(ForkJoinWorkerThread w) { |
813 |
dl |
1.64 |
int ns = (++w.spareCount << SPARE_COUNT_SHIFT) | (w.poolIndex + 1); |
814 |
dl |
1.61 |
do {} while (!UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, spareWaitersOffset, |
815 |
|
|
w.nextSpare = spareWaiters,ns)); |
816 |
|
|
} |
817 |
|
|
|
818 |
|
|
/** |
819 |
dl |
1.66 |
* Tries (once) to resume a spare if the number of running |
820 |
|
|
* threads is less than target. |
821 |
dl |
1.61 |
*/ |
822 |
dl |
1.66 |
private void tryResumeSpare() { |
823 |
dl |
1.61 |
int sw, id; |
824 |
dl |
1.66 |
ForkJoinWorkerThread[] ws = workers; |
825 |
|
|
int n = ws.length; |
826 |
dl |
1.61 |
ForkJoinWorkerThread w; |
827 |
dl |
1.66 |
if ((sw = spareWaiters) != 0 && |
828 |
|
|
(id = (sw & SPARE_ID_MASK) - 1) >= 0 && |
829 |
|
|
id < n && (w = ws[id]) != null && |
830 |
|
|
(workerCounts & RUNNING_COUNT_MASK) < parallelism && |
831 |
|
|
spareWaiters == sw && |
832 |
dl |
1.61 |
UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, spareWaitersOffset, |
833 |
dl |
1.64 |
sw, w.nextSpare)) { |
834 |
dl |
1.66 |
int c; // increment running count before resume |
835 |
|
|
do {} while(!UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt |
836 |
|
|
(this, workerCountsOffset, |
837 |
|
|
c = workerCounts, c + ONE_RUNNING)); |
838 |
|
|
if (w.tryUnsuspend()) |
839 |
|
|
LockSupport.unpark(w); |
840 |
|
|
else // back out if w was shutdown |
841 |
|
|
decrementWorkerCounts(ONE_RUNNING, 0); |
842 |
dl |
1.64 |
} |
843 |
|
|
} |
844 |
|
|
|
845 |
|
|
/** |
846 |
dl |
1.66 |
* Tries to increase the number of running workers if below target |
847 |
|
|
* parallelism: If a spare exists tries to resume it via |
848 |
|
|
* tryResumeSpare. Otherwise, if not enough total workers or all |
849 |
jsr166 |
1.67 |
* existing workers are busy, adds a new worker. In all cases also |
850 |
dl |
1.66 |
* helps wake up releasable workers waiting for work. |
851 |
dl |
1.64 |
*/ |
852 |
dl |
1.66 |
private void helpMaintainParallelism() { |
853 |
dl |
1.64 |
int pc = parallelism; |
854 |
dl |
1.66 |
int wc, rs, tc; |
855 |
|
|
while (((wc = workerCounts) & RUNNING_COUNT_MASK) < pc && |
856 |
|
|
(rs = runState) < TERMINATING) { |
857 |
|
|
if (spareWaiters != 0) |
858 |
|
|
tryResumeSpare(); |
859 |
|
|
else if ((tc = wc >>> TOTAL_COUNT_SHIFT) >= MAX_WORKERS || |
860 |
|
|
(tc >= pc && (rs & ACTIVE_COUNT_MASK) != tc)) |
861 |
|
|
break; // enough total |
862 |
|
|
else if (runState == rs && workerCounts == wc && |
863 |
|
|
UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, workerCountsOffset, wc, |
864 |
|
|
wc + (ONE_RUNNING|ONE_TOTAL))) { |
865 |
|
|
ForkJoinWorkerThread w = null; |
866 |
|
|
try { |
867 |
|
|
w = factory.newThread(this); |
868 |
|
|
} finally { // adjust on null or exceptional factory return |
869 |
|
|
if (w == null) { |
870 |
|
|
decrementWorkerCounts(ONE_RUNNING, ONE_TOTAL); |
871 |
|
|
tryTerminate(false); // handle failure during shutdown |
872 |
|
|
} |
873 |
|
|
} |
874 |
|
|
if (w == null) |
875 |
dl |
1.64 |
break; |
876 |
dl |
1.66 |
w.start(recordWorker(w), ueh); |
877 |
|
|
if ((workerCounts >>> TOTAL_COUNT_SHIFT) >= pc) { |
878 |
|
|
int c; // advance event count |
879 |
|
|
UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, eventCountOffset, |
880 |
|
|
c = eventCount, c+1); |
881 |
|
|
break; // add at most one unless total below target |
882 |
|
|
} |
883 |
dl |
1.64 |
} |
884 |
|
|
} |
885 |
dl |
1.66 |
if (eventWaiters != 0L) |
886 |
|
|
releaseEventWaiters(); |
887 |
dl |
1.64 |
} |
888 |
|
|
|
889 |
|
|
/** |
890 |
dl |
1.66 |
* Callback from the oldest waiter in awaitEvent waking up after a |
891 |
|
|
* period of non-use. If all workers are idle, tries (once) to |
892 |
|
|
* shutdown an event waiter or a spare, if one exists. Note that |
893 |
|
|
* we don't need CAS or locks here because the method is called |
894 |
|
|
* only from one thread occasionally waking (and even misfires are |
895 |
|
|
* OK). Note that until the shutdown worker fully terminates, |
896 |
|
|
* workerCounts will overestimate total count, which is tolerable. |
897 |
dl |
1.64 |
* |
898 |
dl |
1.66 |
* @param ec the event count waited on by caller (to abort |
899 |
|
|
* attempt if count has since changed). |
900 |
dl |
1.64 |
*/ |
901 |
dl |
1.66 |
private void tryShutdownUnusedWorker(int ec) { |
902 |
|
|
if (runState == 0 && eventCount == ec) { // only trigger if all idle |
903 |
|
|
ForkJoinWorkerThread[] ws = workers; |
904 |
|
|
int n = ws.length; |
905 |
|
|
ForkJoinWorkerThread w = null; |
906 |
|
|
boolean shutdown = false; |
907 |
|
|
int sw; |
908 |
|
|
long h; |
909 |
|
|
if ((sw = spareWaiters) != 0) { // prefer killing spares |
910 |
|
|
int id = (sw & SPARE_ID_MASK) - 1; |
911 |
|
|
if (id >= 0 && id < n && (w = ws[id]) != null && |
912 |
|
|
UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, spareWaitersOffset, |
913 |
|
|
sw, w.nextSpare)) |
914 |
|
|
shutdown = true; |
915 |
|
|
} |
916 |
|
|
else if ((h = eventWaiters) != 0L) { |
917 |
|
|
long nh; |
918 |
|
|
int id = ((int)(h & WAITER_ID_MASK)) - 1; |
919 |
|
|
if (id >= 0 && id < n && (w = ws[id]) != null && |
920 |
|
|
(nh = w.nextWaiter) != 0L && // keep at least one worker |
921 |
|
|
UNSAFE.compareAndSwapLong(this, eventWaitersOffset, h, nh)) |
922 |
|
|
shutdown = true; |
923 |
|
|
} |
924 |
|
|
if (w != null && shutdown) { |
925 |
|
|
w.shutdown(); |
926 |
|
|
LockSupport.unpark(w); |
927 |
|
|
} |
928 |
dl |
1.61 |
} |
929 |
dl |
1.66 |
releaseEventWaiters(); // in case of interference |
930 |
dl |
1.61 |
} |
931 |
|
|
|
932 |
dl |
1.53 |
/** |
933 |
|
|
* Callback from workers invoked upon each top-level action (i.e., |
934 |
dl |
1.64 |
* stealing a task or taking a submission and running it). |
935 |
|
|
* Performs one or more of the following: |
936 |
dl |
1.61 |
* |
937 |
dl |
1.66 |
* 1. If the worker is active and either did not run a task |
938 |
|
|
* or there are too many workers, try to set its active status |
939 |
|
|
* to inactive and update activeCount. On contention, we may |
940 |
|
|
* try again in this or a subsequent call. |
941 |
|
|
* |
942 |
|
|
* 2. If not enough total workers, help create some. |
943 |
|
|
* |
944 |
|
|
* 3. If there are too many running workers, suspend this worker |
945 |
|
|
* (first forcing inactive if necessary). If it is not needed, |
946 |
|
|
* it may be shutdown while suspended (via |
947 |
|
|
* tryShutdownUnusedWorker). Otherwise, upon resume it |
948 |
|
|
* rechecks running thread count and need for event sync. |
949 |
|
|
* |
950 |
|
|
* 4. If worker did not run a task, await the next task event via |
951 |
|
|
* eventSync if necessary (first forcing inactivation), upon |
952 |
|
|
* which the worker may be shutdown via |
953 |
|
|
* tryShutdownUnusedWorker. Otherwise, help release any |
954 |
|
|
* existing event waiters that are now releasable, |
955 |
dl |
1.53 |
* |
956 |
|
|
* @param w the worker |
957 |
dl |
1.66 |
* @param ran true if worker ran a task since last call to this method |
958 |
dl |
1.53 |
*/ |
959 |
dl |
1.66 |
final void preStep(ForkJoinWorkerThread w, boolean ran) { |
960 |
|
|
int wec = w.lastEventCount; |
961 |
dl |
1.53 |
boolean active = w.active; |
962 |
dl |
1.66 |
boolean inactivate = false; |
963 |
dl |
1.61 |
int pc = parallelism; |
964 |
dl |
1.66 |
int rs; |
965 |
|
|
while (w.runState == 0 && (rs = runState) < TERMINATING) { |
966 |
|
|
if ((inactivate || (active && (rs & ACTIVE_COUNT_MASK) >= pc)) && |
967 |
|
|
UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, runStateOffset, rs, rs - 1)) |
968 |
|
|
inactivate = active = w.active = false; |
969 |
|
|
int wc = workerCounts; |
970 |
|
|
if ((wc & RUNNING_COUNT_MASK) > pc) { |
971 |
|
|
if (!(inactivate |= active) && // must inactivate to suspend |
972 |
dl |
1.64 |
workerCounts == wc && // try to suspend as spare |
973 |
dl |
1.61 |
UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, workerCountsOffset, |
974 |
dl |
1.66 |
wc, wc - ONE_RUNNING)) |
975 |
dl |
1.64 |
w.suspendAsSpare(); |
976 |
dl |
1.61 |
} |
977 |
dl |
1.66 |
else if ((wc >>> TOTAL_COUNT_SHIFT) < pc) |
978 |
|
|
helpMaintainParallelism(); // not enough workers |
979 |
|
|
else if (!ran) { |
980 |
|
|
long h = eventWaiters; |
981 |
|
|
int ec = eventCount; |
982 |
|
|
if (h != 0L && (int)(h >>> EVENT_COUNT_SHIFT) != ec) |
983 |
|
|
releaseEventWaiters(); // release others before waiting |
984 |
|
|
else if (ec != wec) { |
985 |
|
|
w.lastEventCount = ec; // no need to wait |
986 |
|
|
break; |
987 |
dl |
1.64 |
} |
988 |
dl |
1.66 |
else if (!(inactivate |= active)) |
989 |
|
|
eventSync(w, wec); // must inactivate before sync |
990 |
dl |
1.53 |
} |
991 |
dl |
1.66 |
else |
992 |
|
|
break; |
993 |
dl |
1.53 |
} |
994 |
|
|
} |
995 |
|
|
|
996 |
|
|
/** |
997 |
dl |
1.61 |
* Helps and/or blocks awaiting join of the given task. |
998 |
dl |
1.66 |
* See above for explanation. |
999 |
dl |
1.56 |
* |
1000 |
|
|
* @param joinMe the task to join |
1001 |
dl |
1.66 |
* @param worker the current worker thread |
1002 |
dl |
1.53 |
*/ |
1003 |
dl |
1.61 |
final void awaitJoin(ForkJoinTask<?> joinMe, ForkJoinWorkerThread worker) { |
1004 |
dl |
1.66 |
int retries = 2 + (parallelism >> 2); // #helpJoins before blocking |
1005 |
dl |
1.61 |
while (joinMe.status >= 0) { |
1006 |
dl |
1.66 |
int wc; |
1007 |
dl |
1.61 |
worker.helpJoinTask(joinMe); |
1008 |
|
|
if (joinMe.status < 0) |
1009 |
|
|
break; |
1010 |
dl |
1.66 |
else if (retries > 0) |
1011 |
|
|
--retries; |
1012 |
|
|
else if (((wc = workerCounts) & RUNNING_COUNT_MASK) != 0 && |
1013 |
|
|
UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, workerCountsOffset, |
1014 |
|
|
wc, wc - ONE_RUNNING)) { |
1015 |
|
|
int stat, c; long h; |
1016 |
|
|
while ((stat = joinMe.status) >= 0 && |
1017 |
|
|
(h = eventWaiters) != 0L && // help release others |
1018 |
|
|
(int)(h >>> EVENT_COUNT_SHIFT) != eventCount) |
1019 |
|
|
releaseEventWaiters(); |
1020 |
|
|
if (stat >= 0 && |
1021 |
|
|
((workerCounts & RUNNING_COUNT_MASK) == 0 || |
1022 |
|
|
(stat = |
1023 |
|
|
joinMe.internalAwaitDone(JOIN_TIMEOUT_MILLIS)) >= 0)) |
1024 |
|
|
helpMaintainParallelism(); // timeout or no running workers |
1025 |
dl |
1.61 |
do {} while (!UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt |
1026 |
|
|
(this, workerCountsOffset, |
1027 |
|
|
c = workerCounts, c + ONE_RUNNING)); |
1028 |
dl |
1.66 |
if (stat < 0) |
1029 |
|
|
break; // else restart |
1030 |
dl |
1.53 |
} |
1031 |
|
|
} |
1032 |
|
|
} |
1033 |
|
|
|
1034 |
|
|
/** |
1035 |
dl |
1.66 |
* Same idea as awaitJoin, but no helping, retries, or timeouts. |
1036 |
dl |
1.53 |
*/ |
1037 |
dl |
1.57 |
final void awaitBlocker(ManagedBlocker blocker) |
1038 |
dl |
1.53 |
throws InterruptedException { |
1039 |
dl |
1.61 |
while (!blocker.isReleasable()) { |
1040 |
dl |
1.66 |
int wc = workerCounts; |
1041 |
|
|
if ((wc & RUNNING_COUNT_MASK) != 0 && |
1042 |
|
|
UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, workerCountsOffset, |
1043 |
|
|
wc, wc - ONE_RUNNING)) { |
1044 |
dl |
1.61 |
try { |
1045 |
dl |
1.66 |
while (!blocker.isReleasable()) { |
1046 |
|
|
long h = eventWaiters; |
1047 |
|
|
if (h != 0L && |
1048 |
|
|
(int)(h >>> EVENT_COUNT_SHIFT) != eventCount) |
1049 |
|
|
releaseEventWaiters(); |
1050 |
|
|
else if ((workerCounts & RUNNING_COUNT_MASK) == 0 && |
1051 |
|
|
runState < TERMINATING) |
1052 |
|
|
helpMaintainParallelism(); |
1053 |
|
|
else if (blocker.block()) |
1054 |
|
|
break; |
1055 |
|
|
} |
1056 |
dl |
1.61 |
} finally { |
1057 |
|
|
int c; |
1058 |
|
|
do {} while (!UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt |
1059 |
|
|
(this, workerCountsOffset, |
1060 |
|
|
c = workerCounts, c + ONE_RUNNING)); |
1061 |
dl |
1.58 |
} |
1062 |
dl |
1.60 |
break; |
1063 |
|
|
} |
1064 |
dl |
1.53 |
} |
1065 |
dl |
1.59 |
} |
1066 |
dl |
1.54 |
|
1067 |
|
|
/** |
1068 |
dl |
1.53 |
* Possibly initiates and/or completes termination. |
1069 |
|
|
* |
1070 |
|
|
* @param now if true, unconditionally terminate, else only |
1071 |
|
|
* if shutdown and empty queue and no active workers |
1072 |
|
|
* @return true if now terminating or terminated |
1073 |
dl |
1.1 |
*/ |
1074 |
dl |
1.53 |
private boolean tryTerminate(boolean now) { |
1075 |
|
|
if (now) |
1076 |
|
|
advanceRunLevel(SHUTDOWN); // ensure at least SHUTDOWN |
1077 |
|
|
else if (runState < SHUTDOWN || |
1078 |
|
|
!submissionQueue.isEmpty() || |
1079 |
|
|
(runState & ACTIVE_COUNT_MASK) != 0) |
1080 |
dl |
1.4 |
return false; |
1081 |
dl |
1.53 |
|
1082 |
|
|
if (advanceRunLevel(TERMINATING)) |
1083 |
|
|
startTerminating(); |
1084 |
|
|
|
1085 |
|
|
// Finish now if all threads terminated; else in some subsequent call |
1086 |
|
|
if ((workerCounts >>> TOTAL_COUNT_SHIFT) == 0) { |
1087 |
|
|
advanceRunLevel(TERMINATED); |
1088 |
dl |
1.57 |
termination.arrive(); |
1089 |
dl |
1.53 |
} |
1090 |
dl |
1.4 |
return true; |
1091 |
dl |
1.1 |
} |
1092 |
|
|
|
1093 |
|
|
/** |
1094 |
dl |
1.53 |
* Actions on transition to TERMINATING |
1095 |
dl |
1.61 |
* |
1096 |
|
|
* Runs up to four passes through workers: (0) shutting down each |
1097 |
dl |
1.64 |
* (without waking up if parked) to quickly spread notifications |
1098 |
|
|
* without unnecessary bouncing around event queues etc (1) wake |
1099 |
|
|
* up and help cancel tasks (2) interrupt (3) mop up races with |
1100 |
|
|
* interrupted workers |
1101 |
dl |
1.53 |
*/ |
1102 |
|
|
private void startTerminating() { |
1103 |
dl |
1.61 |
cancelSubmissions(); |
1104 |
|
|
for (int passes = 0; passes < 4 && workerCounts != 0; ++passes) { |
1105 |
dl |
1.66 |
int c; // advance event count |
1106 |
|
|
UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, eventCountOffset, |
1107 |
|
|
c = eventCount, c+1); |
1108 |
dl |
1.61 |
eventWaiters = 0L; // clobber lists |
1109 |
|
|
spareWaiters = 0; |
1110 |
|
|
ForkJoinWorkerThread[] ws = workers; |
1111 |
|
|
int n = ws.length; |
1112 |
|
|
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { |
1113 |
|
|
ForkJoinWorkerThread w = ws[i]; |
1114 |
|
|
if (w != null) { |
1115 |
dl |
1.64 |
w.shutdown(); |
1116 |
dl |
1.61 |
if (passes > 0 && !w.isTerminated()) { |
1117 |
|
|
w.cancelTasks(); |
1118 |
|
|
LockSupport.unpark(w); |
1119 |
|
|
if (passes > 1) { |
1120 |
|
|
try { |
1121 |
|
|
w.interrupt(); |
1122 |
|
|
} catch (SecurityException ignore) { |
1123 |
|
|
} |
1124 |
|
|
} |
1125 |
|
|
} |
1126 |
|
|
} |
1127 |
|
|
} |
1128 |
dl |
1.56 |
} |
1129 |
|
|
} |
1130 |
|
|
|
1131 |
|
|
/** |
1132 |
|
|
* Clear out and cancel submissions, ignoring exceptions |
1133 |
|
|
*/ |
1134 |
|
|
private void cancelSubmissions() { |
1135 |
dl |
1.53 |
ForkJoinTask<?> task; |
1136 |
|
|
while ((task = submissionQueue.poll()) != null) { |
1137 |
|
|
try { |
1138 |
|
|
task.cancel(false); |
1139 |
|
|
} catch (Throwable ignore) { |
1140 |
|
|
} |
1141 |
|
|
} |
1142 |
dl |
1.56 |
} |
1143 |
|
|
|
1144 |
dl |
1.53 |
// misc support for ForkJoinWorkerThread |
1145 |
|
|
|
1146 |
|
|
/** |
1147 |
|
|
* Returns pool number |
1148 |
dl |
1.1 |
*/ |
1149 |
dl |
1.53 |
final int getPoolNumber() { |
1150 |
|
|
return poolNumber; |
1151 |
dl |
1.1 |
} |
1152 |
|
|
|
1153 |
|
|
/** |
1154 |
dl |
1.61 |
* Tries to accumulates steal count from a worker, clearing |
1155 |
|
|
* the worker's value. |
1156 |
|
|
* |
1157 |
|
|
* @return true if worker steal count now zero |
1158 |
dl |
1.1 |
*/ |
1159 |
dl |
1.61 |
final boolean tryAccumulateStealCount(ForkJoinWorkerThread w) { |
1160 |
dl |
1.53 |
int sc = w.stealCount; |
1161 |
dl |
1.61 |
long c = stealCount; |
1162 |
|
|
// CAS even if zero, for fence effects |
1163 |
|
|
if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapLong(this, stealCountOffset, c, c + sc)) { |
1164 |
|
|
if (sc != 0) |
1165 |
|
|
w.stealCount = 0; |
1166 |
|
|
return true; |
1167 |
dl |
1.1 |
} |
1168 |
dl |
1.61 |
return sc == 0; |
1169 |
dl |
1.1 |
} |
1170 |
|
|
|
1171 |
|
|
/** |
1172 |
dl |
1.53 |
* Returns the approximate (non-atomic) number of idle threads per |
1173 |
|
|
* active thread. |
1174 |
|
|
*/ |
1175 |
|
|
final int idlePerActive() { |
1176 |
dl |
1.58 |
int pc = parallelism; // use parallelism, not rc |
1177 |
jsr166 |
1.67 |
int ac = runState; // no mask -- artificially boosts during shutdown |
1178 |
dl |
1.53 |
// Use exact results for small values, saturate past 4 |
1179 |
|
|
return pc <= ac? 0 : pc >>> 1 <= ac? 1 : pc >>> 2 <= ac? 3 : pc >>> 3; |
1180 |
|
|
} |
1181 |
|
|
|
1182 |
|
|
// Public and protected methods |
1183 |
dl |
1.1 |
|
1184 |
|
|
// Constructors |
1185 |
|
|
|
1186 |
|
|
/** |
1187 |
dl |
1.42 |
* Creates a {@code ForkJoinPool} with parallelism equal to {@link |
1188 |
dl |
1.57 |
* java.lang.Runtime#availableProcessors}, using the {@linkplain |
1189 |
|
|
* #defaultForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory default thread factory}, |
1190 |
|
|
* no UncaughtExceptionHandler, and non-async LIFO processing mode. |
1191 |
jsr166 |
1.17 |
* |
1192 |
dl |
1.1 |
* @throws SecurityException if a security manager exists and |
1193 |
|
|
* the caller is not permitted to modify threads |
1194 |
|
|
* because it does not hold {@link |
1195 |
jsr166 |
1.17 |
* java.lang.RuntimePermission}{@code ("modifyThread")} |
1196 |
dl |
1.1 |
*/ |
1197 |
|
|
public ForkJoinPool() { |
1198 |
|
|
this(Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors(), |
1199 |
dl |
1.57 |
defaultForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory, null, false); |
1200 |
dl |
1.1 |
} |
1201 |
|
|
|
1202 |
|
|
/** |
1203 |
dl |
1.42 |
* Creates a {@code ForkJoinPool} with the indicated parallelism |
1204 |
dl |
1.57 |
* level, the {@linkplain |
1205 |
|
|
* #defaultForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory default thread factory}, |
1206 |
|
|
* no UncaughtExceptionHandler, and non-async LIFO processing mode. |
1207 |
jsr166 |
1.17 |
* |
1208 |
dl |
1.42 |
* @param parallelism the parallelism level |
1209 |
dl |
1.1 |
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if parallelism less than or |
1210 |
jsr166 |
1.47 |
* equal to zero, or greater than implementation limit |
1211 |
dl |
1.1 |
* @throws SecurityException if a security manager exists and |
1212 |
|
|
* the caller is not permitted to modify threads |
1213 |
|
|
* because it does not hold {@link |
1214 |
jsr166 |
1.17 |
* java.lang.RuntimePermission}{@code ("modifyThread")} |
1215 |
dl |
1.1 |
*/ |
1216 |
|
|
public ForkJoinPool(int parallelism) { |
1217 |
dl |
1.57 |
this(parallelism, defaultForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory, null, false); |
1218 |
dl |
1.1 |
} |
1219 |
|
|
|
1220 |
|
|
/** |
1221 |
dl |
1.57 |
* Creates a {@code ForkJoinPool} with the given parameters. |
1222 |
jsr166 |
1.17 |
* |
1223 |
dl |
1.57 |
* @param parallelism the parallelism level. For default value, |
1224 |
|
|
* use {@link java.lang.Runtime#availableProcessors}. |
1225 |
|
|
* @param factory the factory for creating new threads. For default value, |
1226 |
|
|
* use {@link #defaultForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory}. |
1227 |
dl |
1.59 |
* @param handler the handler for internal worker threads that |
1228 |
|
|
* terminate due to unrecoverable errors encountered while executing |
1229 |
dl |
1.57 |
* tasks. For default value, use <code>null</code>. |
1230 |
dl |
1.59 |
* @param asyncMode if true, |
1231 |
dl |
1.57 |
* establishes local first-in-first-out scheduling mode for forked |
1232 |
|
|
* tasks that are never joined. This mode may be more appropriate |
1233 |
|
|
* than default locally stack-based mode in applications in which |
1234 |
|
|
* worker threads only process event-style asynchronous tasks. |
1235 |
|
|
* For default value, use <code>false</code>. |
1236 |
dl |
1.1 |
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if parallelism less than or |
1237 |
jsr166 |
1.47 |
* equal to zero, or greater than implementation limit |
1238 |
jsr166 |
1.48 |
* @throws NullPointerException if the factory is null |
1239 |
dl |
1.1 |
* @throws SecurityException if a security manager exists and |
1240 |
|
|
* the caller is not permitted to modify threads |
1241 |
|
|
* because it does not hold {@link |
1242 |
jsr166 |
1.17 |
* java.lang.RuntimePermission}{@code ("modifyThread")} |
1243 |
dl |
1.1 |
*/ |
1244 |
dl |
1.59 |
public ForkJoinPool(int parallelism, |
1245 |
dl |
1.57 |
ForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory factory, |
1246 |
|
|
Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler handler, |
1247 |
|
|
boolean asyncMode) { |
1248 |
dl |
1.53 |
checkPermission(); |
1249 |
|
|
if (factory == null) |
1250 |
|
|
throw new NullPointerException(); |
1251 |
dl |
1.61 |
if (parallelism <= 0 || parallelism > MAX_WORKERS) |
1252 |
dl |
1.1 |
throw new IllegalArgumentException(); |
1253 |
dl |
1.53 |
this.parallelism = parallelism; |
1254 |
dl |
1.1 |
this.factory = factory; |
1255 |
dl |
1.57 |
this.ueh = handler; |
1256 |
|
|
this.locallyFifo = asyncMode; |
1257 |
|
|
int arraySize = initialArraySizeFor(parallelism); |
1258 |
dl |
1.53 |
this.workers = new ForkJoinWorkerThread[arraySize]; |
1259 |
|
|
this.submissionQueue = new LinkedTransferQueue<ForkJoinTask<?>>(); |
1260 |
dl |
1.1 |
this.workerLock = new ReentrantLock(); |
1261 |
dl |
1.57 |
this.termination = new Phaser(1); |
1262 |
|
|
this.poolNumber = poolNumberGenerator.incrementAndGet(); |
1263 |
dl |
1.1 |
} |
1264 |
|
|
|
1265 |
|
|
/** |
1266 |
dl |
1.53 |
* Returns initial power of two size for workers array. |
1267 |
|
|
* @param pc the initial parallelism level |
1268 |
|
|
*/ |
1269 |
|
|
private static int initialArraySizeFor(int pc) { |
1270 |
dl |
1.66 |
// If possible, initially allocate enough space for one spare |
1271 |
|
|
int size = pc < MAX_WORKERS ? pc + 1 : MAX_WORKERS; |
1272 |
dl |
1.61 |
// See Hackers Delight, sec 3.2. We know MAX_WORKERS < (1 >>> 16) |
1273 |
dl |
1.53 |
size |= size >>> 1; |
1274 |
|
|
size |= size >>> 2; |
1275 |
|
|
size |= size >>> 4; |
1276 |
|
|
size |= size >>> 8; |
1277 |
|
|
return size + 1; |
1278 |
dl |
1.1 |
} |
1279 |
|
|
|
1280 |
|
|
// Execution methods |
1281 |
|
|
|
1282 |
|
|
/** |
1283 |
|
|
* Common code for execute, invoke and submit |
1284 |
|
|
*/ |
1285 |
|
|
private <T> void doSubmit(ForkJoinTask<T> task) { |
1286 |
dl |
1.23 |
if (task == null) |
1287 |
|
|
throw new NullPointerException(); |
1288 |
dl |
1.53 |
if (runState >= SHUTDOWN) |
1289 |
dl |
1.1 |
throw new RejectedExecutionException(); |
1290 |
dl |
1.58 |
submissionQueue.offer(task); |
1291 |
dl |
1.66 |
int c; // try to increment event count -- CAS failure OK |
1292 |
|
|
UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, eventCountOffset, c = eventCount, c+1); |
1293 |
|
|
helpMaintainParallelism(); // create, start, or resume some workers |
1294 |
dl |
1.1 |
} |
1295 |
|
|
|
1296 |
|
|
/** |
1297 |
jsr166 |
1.17 |
* Performs the given task, returning its result upon completion. |
1298 |
|
|
* |
1299 |
dl |
1.1 |
* @param task the task |
1300 |
|
|
* @return the task's result |
1301 |
jsr166 |
1.48 |
* @throws NullPointerException if the task is null |
1302 |
|
|
* @throws RejectedExecutionException if the task cannot be |
1303 |
|
|
* scheduled for execution |
1304 |
dl |
1.1 |
*/ |
1305 |
|
|
public <T> T invoke(ForkJoinTask<T> task) { |
1306 |
|
|
doSubmit(task); |
1307 |
|
|
return task.join(); |
1308 |
|
|
} |
1309 |
|
|
|
1310 |
|
|
/** |
1311 |
|
|
* Arranges for (asynchronous) execution of the given task. |
1312 |
jsr166 |
1.17 |
* |
1313 |
dl |
1.1 |
* @param task the task |
1314 |
jsr166 |
1.48 |
* @throws NullPointerException if the task is null |
1315 |
|
|
* @throws RejectedExecutionException if the task cannot be |
1316 |
|
|
* scheduled for execution |
1317 |
dl |
1.1 |
*/ |
1318 |
dl |
1.37 |
public void execute(ForkJoinTask<?> task) { |
1319 |
dl |
1.1 |
doSubmit(task); |
1320 |
|
|
} |
1321 |
|
|
|
1322 |
|
|
// AbstractExecutorService methods |
1323 |
|
|
|
1324 |
jsr166 |
1.48 |
/** |
1325 |
|
|
* @throws NullPointerException if the task is null |
1326 |
|
|
* @throws RejectedExecutionException if the task cannot be |
1327 |
|
|
* scheduled for execution |
1328 |
|
|
*/ |
1329 |
dl |
1.1 |
public void execute(Runnable task) { |
1330 |
dl |
1.23 |
ForkJoinTask<?> job; |
1331 |
jsr166 |
1.26 |
if (task instanceof ForkJoinTask<?>) // avoid re-wrap |
1332 |
|
|
job = (ForkJoinTask<?>) task; |
1333 |
dl |
1.23 |
else |
1334 |
dl |
1.33 |
job = ForkJoinTask.adapt(task, null); |
1335 |
dl |
1.23 |
doSubmit(job); |
1336 |
dl |
1.1 |
} |
1337 |
|
|
|
1338 |
jsr166 |
1.48 |
/** |
1339 |
dl |
1.57 |
* Submits a ForkJoinTask for execution. |
1340 |
|
|
* |
1341 |
|
|
* @param task the task to submit |
1342 |
|
|
* @return the task |
1343 |
|
|
* @throws NullPointerException if the task is null |
1344 |
|
|
* @throws RejectedExecutionException if the task cannot be |
1345 |
|
|
* scheduled for execution |
1346 |
|
|
*/ |
1347 |
|
|
public <T> ForkJoinTask<T> submit(ForkJoinTask<T> task) { |
1348 |
|
|
doSubmit(task); |
1349 |
|
|
return task; |
1350 |
|
|
} |
1351 |
|
|
|
1352 |
|
|
/** |
1353 |
jsr166 |
1.48 |
* @throws NullPointerException if the task is null |
1354 |
|
|
* @throws RejectedExecutionException if the task cannot be |
1355 |
|
|
* scheduled for execution |
1356 |
|
|
*/ |
1357 |
dl |
1.1 |
public <T> ForkJoinTask<T> submit(Callable<T> task) { |
1358 |
dl |
1.33 |
ForkJoinTask<T> job = ForkJoinTask.adapt(task); |
1359 |
dl |
1.1 |
doSubmit(job); |
1360 |
|
|
return job; |
1361 |
|
|
} |
1362 |
|
|
|
1363 |
jsr166 |
1.48 |
/** |
1364 |
|
|
* @throws NullPointerException if the task is null |
1365 |
|
|
* @throws RejectedExecutionException if the task cannot be |
1366 |
|
|
* scheduled for execution |
1367 |
|
|
*/ |
1368 |
dl |
1.1 |
public <T> ForkJoinTask<T> submit(Runnable task, T result) { |
1369 |
dl |
1.33 |
ForkJoinTask<T> job = ForkJoinTask.adapt(task, result); |
1370 |
dl |
1.1 |
doSubmit(job); |
1371 |
|
|
return job; |
1372 |
|
|
} |
1373 |
|
|
|
1374 |
jsr166 |
1.48 |
/** |
1375 |
|
|
* @throws NullPointerException if the task is null |
1376 |
|
|
* @throws RejectedExecutionException if the task cannot be |
1377 |
|
|
* scheduled for execution |
1378 |
|
|
*/ |
1379 |
dl |
1.1 |
public ForkJoinTask<?> submit(Runnable task) { |
1380 |
dl |
1.23 |
ForkJoinTask<?> job; |
1381 |
jsr166 |
1.26 |
if (task instanceof ForkJoinTask<?>) // avoid re-wrap |
1382 |
|
|
job = (ForkJoinTask<?>) task; |
1383 |
dl |
1.23 |
else |
1384 |
dl |
1.33 |
job = ForkJoinTask.adapt(task, null); |
1385 |
dl |
1.1 |
doSubmit(job); |
1386 |
|
|
return job; |
1387 |
|
|
} |
1388 |
|
|
|
1389 |
|
|
/** |
1390 |
jsr166 |
1.48 |
* @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc} |
1391 |
|
|
* @throws RejectedExecutionException {@inheritDoc} |
1392 |
|
|
*/ |
1393 |
dl |
1.1 |
public <T> List<Future<T>> invokeAll(Collection<? extends Callable<T>> tasks) { |
1394 |
jsr166 |
1.20 |
ArrayList<ForkJoinTask<T>> forkJoinTasks = |
1395 |
dl |
1.1 |
new ArrayList<ForkJoinTask<T>>(tasks.size()); |
1396 |
jsr166 |
1.20 |
for (Callable<T> task : tasks) |
1397 |
dl |
1.33 |
forkJoinTasks.add(ForkJoinTask.adapt(task)); |
1398 |
jsr166 |
1.20 |
invoke(new InvokeAll<T>(forkJoinTasks)); |
1399 |
|
|
|
1400 |
|
|
@SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "rawtypes"}) |
1401 |
dl |
1.54 |
List<Future<T>> futures = (List<Future<T>>) (List) forkJoinTasks; |
1402 |
jsr166 |
1.20 |
return futures; |
1403 |
dl |
1.1 |
} |
1404 |
|
|
|
1405 |
|
|
static final class InvokeAll<T> extends RecursiveAction { |
1406 |
|
|
final ArrayList<ForkJoinTask<T>> tasks; |
1407 |
|
|
InvokeAll(ArrayList<ForkJoinTask<T>> tasks) { this.tasks = tasks; } |
1408 |
|
|
public void compute() { |
1409 |
jsr166 |
1.17 |
try { invokeAll(tasks); } |
1410 |
|
|
catch (Exception ignore) {} |
1411 |
dl |
1.1 |
} |
1412 |
jsr166 |
1.18 |
private static final long serialVersionUID = -7914297376763021607L; |
1413 |
dl |
1.1 |
} |
1414 |
|
|
|
1415 |
|
|
/** |
1416 |
jsr166 |
1.17 |
* Returns the factory used for constructing new workers. |
1417 |
dl |
1.1 |
* |
1418 |
|
|
* @return the factory used for constructing new workers |
1419 |
|
|
*/ |
1420 |
|
|
public ForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory getFactory() { |
1421 |
|
|
return factory; |
1422 |
|
|
} |
1423 |
|
|
|
1424 |
|
|
/** |
1425 |
dl |
1.2 |
* Returns the handler for internal worker threads that terminate |
1426 |
|
|
* due to unrecoverable errors encountered while executing tasks. |
1427 |
jsr166 |
1.17 |
* |
1428 |
jsr166 |
1.28 |
* @return the handler, or {@code null} if none |
1429 |
dl |
1.2 |
*/ |
1430 |
|
|
public Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler getUncaughtExceptionHandler() { |
1431 |
dl |
1.53 |
return ueh; |
1432 |
dl |
1.2 |
} |
1433 |
|
|
|
1434 |
|
|
/** |
1435 |
dl |
1.42 |
* Returns the targeted parallelism level of this pool. |
1436 |
dl |
1.1 |
* |
1437 |
dl |
1.42 |
* @return the targeted parallelism level of this pool |
1438 |
dl |
1.1 |
*/ |
1439 |
|
|
public int getParallelism() { |
1440 |
|
|
return parallelism; |
1441 |
|
|
} |
1442 |
|
|
|
1443 |
|
|
/** |
1444 |
|
|
* Returns the number of worker threads that have started but not |
1445 |
|
|
* yet terminated. This result returned by this method may differ |
1446 |
jsr166 |
1.29 |
* from {@link #getParallelism} when threads are created to |
1447 |
dl |
1.1 |
* maintain parallelism when others are cooperatively blocked. |
1448 |
|
|
* |
1449 |
|
|
* @return the number of worker threads |
1450 |
|
|
*/ |
1451 |
|
|
public int getPoolSize() { |
1452 |
dl |
1.53 |
return workerCounts >>> TOTAL_COUNT_SHIFT; |
1453 |
dl |
1.1 |
} |
1454 |
|
|
|
1455 |
|
|
/** |
1456 |
jsr166 |
1.28 |
* Returns {@code true} if this pool uses local first-in-first-out |
1457 |
jsr166 |
1.16 |
* scheduling mode for forked tasks that are never joined. |
1458 |
dl |
1.6 |
* |
1459 |
jsr166 |
1.28 |
* @return {@code true} if this pool uses async mode |
1460 |
dl |
1.6 |
*/ |
1461 |
|
|
public boolean getAsyncMode() { |
1462 |
|
|
return locallyFifo; |
1463 |
|
|
} |
1464 |
|
|
|
1465 |
|
|
/** |
1466 |
dl |
1.2 |
* Returns an estimate of the number of worker threads that are |
1467 |
|
|
* not blocked waiting to join tasks or for other managed |
1468 |
dl |
1.53 |
* synchronization. This method may overestimate the |
1469 |
|
|
* number of running threads. |
1470 |
dl |
1.1 |
* |
1471 |
|
|
* @return the number of worker threads |
1472 |
|
|
*/ |
1473 |
|
|
public int getRunningThreadCount() { |
1474 |
dl |
1.53 |
return workerCounts & RUNNING_COUNT_MASK; |
1475 |
dl |
1.1 |
} |
1476 |
|
|
|
1477 |
|
|
/** |
1478 |
dl |
1.2 |
* Returns an estimate of the number of threads that are currently |
1479 |
dl |
1.1 |
* stealing or executing tasks. This method may overestimate the |
1480 |
|
|
* number of active threads. |
1481 |
jsr166 |
1.17 |
* |
1482 |
jsr166 |
1.16 |
* @return the number of active threads |
1483 |
dl |
1.1 |
*/ |
1484 |
|
|
public int getActiveThreadCount() { |
1485 |
dl |
1.53 |
return runState & ACTIVE_COUNT_MASK; |
1486 |
dl |
1.1 |
} |
1487 |
|
|
|
1488 |
|
|
/** |
1489 |
jsr166 |
1.28 |
* Returns {@code true} if all worker threads are currently idle. |
1490 |
|
|
* An idle worker is one that cannot obtain a task to execute |
1491 |
|
|
* because none are available to steal from other threads, and |
1492 |
|
|
* there are no pending submissions to the pool. This method is |
1493 |
|
|
* conservative; it might not return {@code true} immediately upon |
1494 |
|
|
* idleness of all threads, but will eventually become true if |
1495 |
|
|
* threads remain inactive. |
1496 |
jsr166 |
1.17 |
* |
1497 |
jsr166 |
1.28 |
* @return {@code true} if all threads are currently idle |
1498 |
dl |
1.1 |
*/ |
1499 |
|
|
public boolean isQuiescent() { |
1500 |
dl |
1.53 |
return (runState & ACTIVE_COUNT_MASK) == 0; |
1501 |
dl |
1.1 |
} |
1502 |
|
|
|
1503 |
|
|
/** |
1504 |
|
|
* Returns an estimate of the total number of tasks stolen from |
1505 |
|
|
* one thread's work queue by another. The reported value |
1506 |
|
|
* underestimates the actual total number of steals when the pool |
1507 |
|
|
* is not quiescent. This value may be useful for monitoring and |
1508 |
jsr166 |
1.17 |
* tuning fork/join programs: in general, steal counts should be |
1509 |
dl |
1.1 |
* high enough to keep threads busy, but low enough to avoid |
1510 |
|
|
* overhead and contention across threads. |
1511 |
jsr166 |
1.17 |
* |
1512 |
jsr166 |
1.16 |
* @return the number of steals |
1513 |
dl |
1.1 |
*/ |
1514 |
|
|
public long getStealCount() { |
1515 |
dl |
1.53 |
return stealCount; |
1516 |
dl |
1.1 |
} |
1517 |
|
|
|
1518 |
|
|
/** |
1519 |
dl |
1.2 |
* Returns an estimate of the total number of tasks currently held |
1520 |
|
|
* in queues by worker threads (but not including tasks submitted |
1521 |
|
|
* to the pool that have not begun executing). This value is only |
1522 |
|
|
* an approximation, obtained by iterating across all threads in |
1523 |
|
|
* the pool. This method may be useful for tuning task |
1524 |
|
|
* granularities. |
1525 |
jsr166 |
1.17 |
* |
1526 |
jsr166 |
1.16 |
* @return the number of queued tasks |
1527 |
dl |
1.1 |
*/ |
1528 |
|
|
public long getQueuedTaskCount() { |
1529 |
|
|
long count = 0; |
1530 |
dl |
1.56 |
ForkJoinWorkerThread[] ws = workers; |
1531 |
dl |
1.61 |
int n = ws.length; |
1532 |
|
|
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { |
1533 |
dl |
1.56 |
ForkJoinWorkerThread w = ws[i]; |
1534 |
dl |
1.53 |
if (w != null) |
1535 |
|
|
count += w.getQueueSize(); |
1536 |
dl |
1.1 |
} |
1537 |
|
|
return count; |
1538 |
|
|
} |
1539 |
|
|
|
1540 |
|
|
/** |
1541 |
jsr166 |
1.40 |
* Returns an estimate of the number of tasks submitted to this |
1542 |
|
|
* pool that have not yet begun executing. This method takes time |
1543 |
dl |
1.1 |
* proportional to the number of submissions. |
1544 |
jsr166 |
1.17 |
* |
1545 |
jsr166 |
1.16 |
* @return the number of queued submissions |
1546 |
dl |
1.1 |
*/ |
1547 |
|
|
public int getQueuedSubmissionCount() { |
1548 |
|
|
return submissionQueue.size(); |
1549 |
|
|
} |
1550 |
|
|
|
1551 |
|
|
/** |
1552 |
jsr166 |
1.28 |
* Returns {@code true} if there are any tasks submitted to this |
1553 |
|
|
* pool that have not yet begun executing. |
1554 |
jsr166 |
1.17 |
* |
1555 |
jsr166 |
1.16 |
* @return {@code true} if there are any queued submissions |
1556 |
dl |
1.1 |
*/ |
1557 |
|
|
public boolean hasQueuedSubmissions() { |
1558 |
|
|
return !submissionQueue.isEmpty(); |
1559 |
|
|
} |
1560 |
|
|
|
1561 |
|
|
/** |
1562 |
|
|
* Removes and returns the next unexecuted submission if one is |
1563 |
|
|
* available. This method may be useful in extensions to this |
1564 |
|
|
* class that re-assign work in systems with multiple pools. |
1565 |
jsr166 |
1.17 |
* |
1566 |
jsr166 |
1.28 |
* @return the next submission, or {@code null} if none |
1567 |
dl |
1.1 |
*/ |
1568 |
|
|
protected ForkJoinTask<?> pollSubmission() { |
1569 |
|
|
return submissionQueue.poll(); |
1570 |
|
|
} |
1571 |
|
|
|
1572 |
|
|
/** |
1573 |
dl |
1.6 |
* Removes all available unexecuted submitted and forked tasks |
1574 |
|
|
* from scheduling queues and adds them to the given collection, |
1575 |
|
|
* without altering their execution status. These may include |
1576 |
jsr166 |
1.41 |
* artificially generated or wrapped tasks. This method is |
1577 |
|
|
* designed to be invoked only when the pool is known to be |
1578 |
dl |
1.6 |
* quiescent. Invocations at other times may not remove all |
1579 |
|
|
* tasks. A failure encountered while attempting to add elements |
1580 |
jsr166 |
1.16 |
* to collection {@code c} may result in elements being in |
1581 |
dl |
1.6 |
* neither, either or both collections when the associated |
1582 |
|
|
* exception is thrown. The behavior of this operation is |
1583 |
|
|
* undefined if the specified collection is modified while the |
1584 |
|
|
* operation is in progress. |
1585 |
jsr166 |
1.17 |
* |
1586 |
dl |
1.6 |
* @param c the collection to transfer elements into |
1587 |
|
|
* @return the number of elements transferred |
1588 |
|
|
*/ |
1589 |
dl |
1.30 |
protected int drainTasksTo(Collection<? super ForkJoinTask<?>> c) { |
1590 |
dl |
1.61 |
int count = submissionQueue.drainTo(c); |
1591 |
dl |
1.57 |
ForkJoinWorkerThread[] ws = workers; |
1592 |
dl |
1.61 |
int n = ws.length; |
1593 |
|
|
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { |
1594 |
dl |
1.57 |
ForkJoinWorkerThread w = ws[i]; |
1595 |
|
|
if (w != null) |
1596 |
dl |
1.61 |
count += w.drainTasksTo(c); |
1597 |
dl |
1.57 |
} |
1598 |
|
|
return count; |
1599 |
|
|
} |
1600 |
|
|
|
1601 |
|
|
/** |
1602 |
dl |
1.1 |
* Returns a string identifying this pool, as well as its state, |
1603 |
|
|
* including indications of run state, parallelism level, and |
1604 |
|
|
* worker and task counts. |
1605 |
|
|
* |
1606 |
|
|
* @return a string identifying this pool, as well as its state |
1607 |
|
|
*/ |
1608 |
|
|
public String toString() { |
1609 |
|
|
long st = getStealCount(); |
1610 |
|
|
long qt = getQueuedTaskCount(); |
1611 |
|
|
long qs = getQueuedSubmissionCount(); |
1612 |
dl |
1.53 |
int wc = workerCounts; |
1613 |
|
|
int tc = wc >>> TOTAL_COUNT_SHIFT; |
1614 |
|
|
int rc = wc & RUNNING_COUNT_MASK; |
1615 |
|
|
int pc = parallelism; |
1616 |
|
|
int rs = runState; |
1617 |
|
|
int ac = rs & ACTIVE_COUNT_MASK; |
1618 |
dl |
1.1 |
return super.toString() + |
1619 |
dl |
1.53 |
"[" + runLevelToString(rs) + |
1620 |
|
|
", parallelism = " + pc + |
1621 |
|
|
", size = " + tc + |
1622 |
|
|
", active = " + ac + |
1623 |
|
|
", running = " + rc + |
1624 |
dl |
1.1 |
", steals = " + st + |
1625 |
|
|
", tasks = " + qt + |
1626 |
|
|
", submissions = " + qs + |
1627 |
|
|
"]"; |
1628 |
|
|
} |
1629 |
|
|
|
1630 |
dl |
1.53 |
private static String runLevelToString(int s) { |
1631 |
|
|
return ((s & TERMINATED) != 0 ? "Terminated" : |
1632 |
|
|
((s & TERMINATING) != 0 ? "Terminating" : |
1633 |
|
|
((s & SHUTDOWN) != 0 ? "Shutting down" : |
1634 |
|
|
"Running"))); |
1635 |
dl |
1.1 |
} |
1636 |
|
|
|
1637 |
|
|
/** |
1638 |
|
|
* Initiates an orderly shutdown in which previously submitted |
1639 |
|
|
* tasks are executed, but no new tasks will be accepted. |
1640 |
|
|
* Invocation has no additional effect if already shut down. |
1641 |
|
|
* Tasks that are in the process of being submitted concurrently |
1642 |
|
|
* during the course of this method may or may not be rejected. |
1643 |
jsr166 |
1.17 |
* |
1644 |
dl |
1.1 |
* @throws SecurityException if a security manager exists and |
1645 |
|
|
* the caller is not permitted to modify threads |
1646 |
|
|
* because it does not hold {@link |
1647 |
jsr166 |
1.17 |
* java.lang.RuntimePermission}{@code ("modifyThread")} |
1648 |
dl |
1.1 |
*/ |
1649 |
|
|
public void shutdown() { |
1650 |
|
|
checkPermission(); |
1651 |
dl |
1.53 |
advanceRunLevel(SHUTDOWN); |
1652 |
|
|
tryTerminate(false); |
1653 |
dl |
1.1 |
} |
1654 |
|
|
|
1655 |
|
|
/** |
1656 |
dl |
1.42 |
* Attempts to cancel and/or stop all tasks, and reject all |
1657 |
|
|
* subsequently submitted tasks. Tasks that are in the process of |
1658 |
|
|
* being submitted or executed concurrently during the course of |
1659 |
|
|
* this method may or may not be rejected. This method cancels |
1660 |
|
|
* both existing and unexecuted tasks, in order to permit |
1661 |
|
|
* termination in the presence of task dependencies. So the method |
1662 |
|
|
* always returns an empty list (unlike the case for some other |
1663 |
|
|
* Executors). |
1664 |
jsr166 |
1.17 |
* |
1665 |
dl |
1.1 |
* @return an empty list |
1666 |
|
|
* @throws SecurityException if a security manager exists and |
1667 |
|
|
* the caller is not permitted to modify threads |
1668 |
|
|
* because it does not hold {@link |
1669 |
jsr166 |
1.17 |
* java.lang.RuntimePermission}{@code ("modifyThread")} |
1670 |
dl |
1.1 |
*/ |
1671 |
|
|
public List<Runnable> shutdownNow() { |
1672 |
|
|
checkPermission(); |
1673 |
dl |
1.53 |
tryTerminate(true); |
1674 |
dl |
1.1 |
return Collections.emptyList(); |
1675 |
|
|
} |
1676 |
|
|
|
1677 |
|
|
/** |
1678 |
jsr166 |
1.16 |
* Returns {@code true} if all tasks have completed following shut down. |
1679 |
dl |
1.1 |
* |
1680 |
jsr166 |
1.16 |
* @return {@code true} if all tasks have completed following shut down |
1681 |
dl |
1.1 |
*/ |
1682 |
|
|
public boolean isTerminated() { |
1683 |
dl |
1.53 |
return runState >= TERMINATED; |
1684 |
dl |
1.1 |
} |
1685 |
|
|
|
1686 |
|
|
/** |
1687 |
jsr166 |
1.16 |
* Returns {@code true} if the process of termination has |
1688 |
dl |
1.42 |
* commenced but not yet completed. This method may be useful for |
1689 |
|
|
* debugging. A return of {@code true} reported a sufficient |
1690 |
|
|
* period after shutdown may indicate that submitted tasks have |
1691 |
|
|
* ignored or suppressed interruption, causing this executor not |
1692 |
|
|
* to properly terminate. |
1693 |
dl |
1.1 |
* |
1694 |
dl |
1.42 |
* @return {@code true} if terminating but not yet terminated |
1695 |
dl |
1.1 |
*/ |
1696 |
|
|
public boolean isTerminating() { |
1697 |
dl |
1.53 |
return (runState & (TERMINATING|TERMINATED)) == TERMINATING; |
1698 |
dl |
1.1 |
} |
1699 |
|
|
|
1700 |
|
|
/** |
1701 |
jsr166 |
1.16 |
* Returns {@code true} if this pool has been shut down. |
1702 |
dl |
1.1 |
* |
1703 |
jsr166 |
1.16 |
* @return {@code true} if this pool has been shut down |
1704 |
dl |
1.1 |
*/ |
1705 |
|
|
public boolean isShutdown() { |
1706 |
dl |
1.53 |
return runState >= SHUTDOWN; |
1707 |
dl |
1.42 |
} |
1708 |
|
|
|
1709 |
|
|
/** |
1710 |
dl |
1.1 |
* Blocks until all tasks have completed execution after a shutdown |
1711 |
|
|
* request, or the timeout occurs, or the current thread is |
1712 |
|
|
* interrupted, whichever happens first. |
1713 |
|
|
* |
1714 |
|
|
* @param timeout the maximum time to wait |
1715 |
|
|
* @param unit the time unit of the timeout argument |
1716 |
jsr166 |
1.16 |
* @return {@code true} if this executor terminated and |
1717 |
|
|
* {@code false} if the timeout elapsed before termination |
1718 |
dl |
1.1 |
* @throws InterruptedException if interrupted while waiting |
1719 |
|
|
*/ |
1720 |
|
|
public boolean awaitTermination(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) |
1721 |
|
|
throws InterruptedException { |
1722 |
dl |
1.57 |
try { |
1723 |
|
|
return termination.awaitAdvanceInterruptibly(0, timeout, unit) > 0; |
1724 |
|
|
} catch(TimeoutException ex) { |
1725 |
|
|
return false; |
1726 |
|
|
} |
1727 |
dl |
1.1 |
} |
1728 |
|
|
|
1729 |
|
|
/** |
1730 |
|
|
* Interface for extending managed parallelism for tasks running |
1731 |
jsr166 |
1.35 |
* in {@link ForkJoinPool}s. |
1732 |
|
|
* |
1733 |
dl |
1.61 |
* <p>A {@code ManagedBlocker} provides two methods. Method |
1734 |
|
|
* {@code isReleasable} must return {@code true} if blocking is |
1735 |
|
|
* not necessary. Method {@code block} blocks the current thread |
1736 |
|
|
* if necessary (perhaps internally invoking {@code isReleasable} |
1737 |
|
|
* before actually blocking). The unusual methods in this API |
1738 |
|
|
* accommodate synchronizers that may, but don't usually, block |
1739 |
|
|
* for long periods. Similarly, they allow more efficient internal |
1740 |
|
|
* handling of cases in which additional workers may be, but |
1741 |
|
|
* usually are not, needed to ensure sufficient parallelism. |
1742 |
|
|
* Toward this end, implementations of method {@code isReleasable} |
1743 |
|
|
* must be amenable to repeated invocation. |
1744 |
jsr166 |
1.17 |
* |
1745 |
dl |
1.1 |
* <p>For example, here is a ManagedBlocker based on a |
1746 |
|
|
* ReentrantLock: |
1747 |
jsr166 |
1.17 |
* <pre> {@code |
1748 |
|
|
* class ManagedLocker implements ManagedBlocker { |
1749 |
|
|
* final ReentrantLock lock; |
1750 |
|
|
* boolean hasLock = false; |
1751 |
|
|
* ManagedLocker(ReentrantLock lock) { this.lock = lock; } |
1752 |
|
|
* public boolean block() { |
1753 |
|
|
* if (!hasLock) |
1754 |
|
|
* lock.lock(); |
1755 |
|
|
* return true; |
1756 |
|
|
* } |
1757 |
|
|
* public boolean isReleasable() { |
1758 |
|
|
* return hasLock || (hasLock = lock.tryLock()); |
1759 |
dl |
1.1 |
* } |
1760 |
jsr166 |
1.17 |
* }}</pre> |
1761 |
dl |
1.61 |
* |
1762 |
|
|
* <p>Here is a class that possibly blocks waiting for an |
1763 |
|
|
* item on a given queue: |
1764 |
|
|
* <pre> {@code |
1765 |
|
|
* class QueueTaker<E> implements ManagedBlocker { |
1766 |
|
|
* final BlockingQueue<E> queue; |
1767 |
|
|
* volatile E item = null; |
1768 |
|
|
* QueueTaker(BlockingQueue<E> q) { this.queue = q; } |
1769 |
|
|
* public boolean block() throws InterruptedException { |
1770 |
|
|
* if (item == null) |
1771 |
dl |
1.65 |
* item = queue.take(); |
1772 |
dl |
1.61 |
* return true; |
1773 |
|
|
* } |
1774 |
|
|
* public boolean isReleasable() { |
1775 |
dl |
1.65 |
* return item != null || (item = queue.poll()) != null; |
1776 |
dl |
1.61 |
* } |
1777 |
|
|
* public E getItem() { // call after pool.managedBlock completes |
1778 |
|
|
* return item; |
1779 |
|
|
* } |
1780 |
|
|
* }}</pre> |
1781 |
dl |
1.1 |
*/ |
1782 |
|
|
public static interface ManagedBlocker { |
1783 |
|
|
/** |
1784 |
|
|
* Possibly blocks the current thread, for example waiting for |
1785 |
|
|
* a lock or condition. |
1786 |
jsr166 |
1.17 |
* |
1787 |
jsr166 |
1.28 |
* @return {@code true} if no additional blocking is necessary |
1788 |
|
|
* (i.e., if isReleasable would return true) |
1789 |
dl |
1.1 |
* @throws InterruptedException if interrupted while waiting |
1790 |
jsr166 |
1.17 |
* (the method is not required to do so, but is allowed to) |
1791 |
dl |
1.1 |
*/ |
1792 |
|
|
boolean block() throws InterruptedException; |
1793 |
|
|
|
1794 |
|
|
/** |
1795 |
jsr166 |
1.28 |
* Returns {@code true} if blocking is unnecessary. |
1796 |
dl |
1.1 |
*/ |
1797 |
|
|
boolean isReleasable(); |
1798 |
|
|
} |
1799 |
|
|
|
1800 |
|
|
/** |
1801 |
|
|
* Blocks in accord with the given blocker. If the current thread |
1802 |
jsr166 |
1.38 |
* is a {@link ForkJoinWorkerThread}, this method possibly |
1803 |
|
|
* arranges for a spare thread to be activated if necessary to |
1804 |
dl |
1.57 |
* ensure sufficient parallelism while the current thread is blocked. |
1805 |
jsr166 |
1.38 |
* |
1806 |
|
|
* <p>If the caller is not a {@link ForkJoinTask}, this method is |
1807 |
|
|
* behaviorally equivalent to |
1808 |
jsr166 |
1.17 |
* <pre> {@code |
1809 |
|
|
* while (!blocker.isReleasable()) |
1810 |
|
|
* if (blocker.block()) |
1811 |
|
|
* return; |
1812 |
|
|
* }</pre> |
1813 |
jsr166 |
1.38 |
* |
1814 |
|
|
* If the caller is a {@code ForkJoinTask}, then the pool may |
1815 |
|
|
* first be expanded to ensure parallelism, and later adjusted. |
1816 |
dl |
1.1 |
* |
1817 |
|
|
* @param blocker the blocker |
1818 |
jsr166 |
1.16 |
* @throws InterruptedException if blocker.block did so |
1819 |
dl |
1.1 |
*/ |
1820 |
dl |
1.57 |
public static void managedBlock(ManagedBlocker blocker) |
1821 |
dl |
1.1 |
throws InterruptedException { |
1822 |
|
|
Thread t = Thread.currentThread(); |
1823 |
dl |
1.61 |
if (t instanceof ForkJoinWorkerThread) { |
1824 |
|
|
ForkJoinWorkerThread w = (ForkJoinWorkerThread) t; |
1825 |
|
|
w.pool.awaitBlocker(blocker); |
1826 |
|
|
} |
1827 |
dl |
1.57 |
else { |
1828 |
|
|
do {} while (!blocker.isReleasable() && !blocker.block()); |
1829 |
|
|
} |
1830 |
dl |
1.1 |
} |
1831 |
|
|
|
1832 |
dl |
1.33 |
// AbstractExecutorService overrides. These rely on undocumented |
1833 |
|
|
// fact that ForkJoinTask.adapt returns ForkJoinTasks that also |
1834 |
|
|
// implement RunnableFuture. |
1835 |
dl |
1.2 |
|
1836 |
|
|
protected <T> RunnableFuture<T> newTaskFor(Runnable runnable, T value) { |
1837 |
jsr166 |
1.34 |
return (RunnableFuture<T>) ForkJoinTask.adapt(runnable, value); |
1838 |
dl |
1.2 |
} |
1839 |
|
|
|
1840 |
|
|
protected <T> RunnableFuture<T> newTaskFor(Callable<T> callable) { |
1841 |
jsr166 |
1.34 |
return (RunnableFuture<T>) ForkJoinTask.adapt(callable); |
1842 |
dl |
1.2 |
} |
1843 |
|
|
|
1844 |
jsr166 |
1.27 |
// Unsafe mechanics |
1845 |
dl |
1.1 |
|
1846 |
jsr166 |
1.21 |
private static final sun.misc.Unsafe UNSAFE = getUnsafe(); |
1847 |
dl |
1.53 |
private static final long workerCountsOffset = |
1848 |
|
|
objectFieldOffset("workerCounts", ForkJoinPool.class); |
1849 |
|
|
private static final long runStateOffset = |
1850 |
|
|
objectFieldOffset("runState", ForkJoinPool.class); |
1851 |
jsr166 |
1.25 |
private static final long eventCountOffset = |
1852 |
jsr166 |
1.27 |
objectFieldOffset("eventCount", ForkJoinPool.class); |
1853 |
dl |
1.53 |
private static final long eventWaitersOffset = |
1854 |
|
|
objectFieldOffset("eventWaiters",ForkJoinPool.class); |
1855 |
|
|
private static final long stealCountOffset = |
1856 |
|
|
objectFieldOffset("stealCount",ForkJoinPool.class); |
1857 |
dl |
1.61 |
private static final long spareWaitersOffset = |
1858 |
|
|
objectFieldOffset("spareWaiters",ForkJoinPool.class); |
1859 |
dl |
1.53 |
|
1860 |
jsr166 |
1.27 |
private static long objectFieldOffset(String field, Class<?> klazz) { |
1861 |
|
|
try { |
1862 |
|
|
return UNSAFE.objectFieldOffset(klazz.getDeclaredField(field)); |
1863 |
|
|
} catch (NoSuchFieldException e) { |
1864 |
|
|
// Convert Exception to corresponding Error |
1865 |
|
|
NoSuchFieldError error = new NoSuchFieldError(field); |
1866 |
|
|
error.initCause(e); |
1867 |
|
|
throw error; |
1868 |
|
|
} |
1869 |
|
|
} |
1870 |
|
|
|
1871 |
|
|
/** |
1872 |
|
|
* Returns a sun.misc.Unsafe. Suitable for use in a 3rd party package. |
1873 |
|
|
* Replace with a simple call to Unsafe.getUnsafe when integrating |
1874 |
|
|
* into a jdk. |
1875 |
|
|
* |
1876 |
|
|
* @return a sun.misc.Unsafe |
1877 |
|
|
*/ |
1878 |
|
|
private static sun.misc.Unsafe getUnsafe() { |
1879 |
|
|
try { |
1880 |
|
|
return sun.misc.Unsafe.getUnsafe(); |
1881 |
|
|
} catch (SecurityException se) { |
1882 |
|
|
try { |
1883 |
|
|
return java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged |
1884 |
|
|
(new java.security |
1885 |
|
|
.PrivilegedExceptionAction<sun.misc.Unsafe>() { |
1886 |
|
|
public sun.misc.Unsafe run() throws Exception { |
1887 |
|
|
java.lang.reflect.Field f = sun.misc |
1888 |
|
|
.Unsafe.class.getDeclaredField("theUnsafe"); |
1889 |
|
|
f.setAccessible(true); |
1890 |
|
|
return (sun.misc.Unsafe) f.get(null); |
1891 |
|
|
}}); |
1892 |
|
|
} catch (java.security.PrivilegedActionException e) { |
1893 |
|
|
throw new RuntimeException("Could not initialize intrinsics", |
1894 |
|
|
e.getCause()); |
1895 |
|
|
} |
1896 |
|
|
} |
1897 |
|
|
} |
1898 |
dl |
1.1 |
} |