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Revision 1.38 by dl, Mon Sep 1 12:23:28 2003 UTC vs.
Revision 1.133 by jsr166, Thu Oct 10 16:53:08 2019 UTC

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1   /*
2 < * %W% %E%
2 > * Copyright (c) 2003, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
3 > * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
4   *
5 < * Copyright 2003 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
6 < * SUN PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.
5 > * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
6 > * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
7 > * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
8 > * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
9 > * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
10 > *
11 > * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
12 > * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
13 > * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
14 > * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
15 > * accompanied this code).
16 > *
17 > * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
18 > * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
19 > * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
20 > *
21 > * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
22 > * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
23 > * questions.
24   */
25  
26   package java.util;
27  
28 + import java.util.function.Consumer;
29 + import java.util.function.Predicate;
30 + // OPENJDK import jdk.internal.access.SharedSecrets;
31 + import jdk.internal.util.ArraysSupport;
32 +
33   /**
34   * An unbounded priority {@linkplain Queue queue} based on a priority heap.
35 < * This queue orders elements according to an order specified at construction
36 < * time, which is specified in the same manner as {@link java.util.TreeSet}
37 < * and {@link java.util.TreeMap}: elements are ordered either according to
38 < * their <i>natural order</i> (see {@link Comparable}), or according to a
39 < * {@link java.util.Comparator}, depending on which constructor is used.
40 < * <p>The <em>head</em> of this queue is the <em>least</em> element with
41 < * respect to the specified ordering.  If multiple elements are tied for least
42 < * value, the head is one of those elements. A priority queue does not permit
43 < * <tt>null</tt> elements.
44 < *
45 < * <p>The {@link #remove()} and {@link #poll()} methods remove and
46 < * return the head of the queue.
47 < *
48 < * <p>The {@link #element()} and {@link #peek()} methods return, but do
49 < * not delete, the head of the queue.
50 < *
51 < * <p>A priority queue has a <i>capacity</i>.  The capacity is the
52 < * size of the array used internally to store the elements on the
53 < * queue.
54 < * It is always at least as large as the queue size.  As
55 < * elements are added to a priority queue, its capacity grows
56 < * automatically.  The details of the growth policy are not specified.
57 < *
58 < * <p>The Iterator provided in method {@link #iterator()} is <em>not</em>
59 < * guaranteed to traverse the elements of the PriorityQueue in any
60 < * particular order. If you need ordered traversal, consider using
61 < * <tt>Arrays.sort(pq.toArray())</tt>.
62 < *
63 < * <p> <strong>Note that this implementation is not synchronized.</strong>
64 < * Multiple threads should not access a <tt>PriorityQueue</tt>
65 < * instance concurrently if any of the threads modifies the list
66 < * structurally. Instead, use the thread-safe {@link
35 > * The elements of the priority queue are ordered according to their
36 > * {@linkplain Comparable natural ordering}, or by a {@link Comparator}
37 > * provided at queue construction time, depending on which constructor is
38 > * used.  A priority queue does not permit {@code null} elements.
39 > * A priority queue relying on natural ordering also does not permit
40 > * insertion of non-comparable objects (doing so may result in
41 > * {@code ClassCastException}).
42 > *
43 > * <p>The <em>head</em> of this queue is the <em>least</em> element
44 > * with respect to the specified ordering.  If multiple elements are
45 > * tied for least value, the head is one of those elements -- ties are
46 > * broken arbitrarily.  The queue retrieval operations {@code poll},
47 > * {@code remove}, {@code peek}, and {@code element} access the
48 > * element at the head of the queue.
49 > *
50 > * <p>A priority queue is unbounded, but has an internal
51 > * <i>capacity</i> governing the size of an array used to store the
52 > * elements on the queue.  It is always at least as large as the queue
53 > * size.  As elements are added to a priority queue, its capacity
54 > * grows automatically.  The details of the growth policy are not
55 > * specified.
56 > *
57 > * <p>This class and its iterator implement all of the
58 > * <em>optional</em> methods of the {@link Collection} and {@link
59 > * Iterator} interfaces.  The Iterator provided in method {@link
60 > * #iterator()} and the Spliterator provided in method {@link #spliterator()}
61 > * are <em>not</em> guaranteed to traverse the elements of
62 > * the priority queue in any particular order. If you need ordered
63 > * traversal, consider using {@code Arrays.sort(pq.toArray())}.
64 > *
65 > * <p><strong>Note that this implementation is not synchronized.</strong>
66 > * Multiple threads should not access a {@code PriorityQueue}
67 > * instance concurrently if any of the threads modifies the queue.
68 > * Instead, use the thread-safe {@link
69   * java.util.concurrent.PriorityBlockingQueue} class.
70   *
71 < *
72 < * <p>Implementation note: this implementation provides O(log(n)) time
73 < * for the insertion methods (<tt>offer</tt>, <tt>poll</tt>,
74 < * <tt>remove()</tt> and <tt>add</tt>) methods; linear time for the
75 < * <tt>remove(Object)</tt> and <tt>contains(Object)</tt> methods; and
76 < * constant time for the retrieval methods (<tt>peek</tt>,
52 < * <tt>element</tt>, and <tt>size</tt>).
71 > * <p>Implementation note: this implementation provides
72 > * O(log(n)) time for the enqueuing and dequeuing methods
73 > * ({@code offer}, {@code poll}, {@code remove()} and {@code add});
74 > * linear time for the {@code remove(Object)} and {@code contains(Object)}
75 > * methods; and constant time for the retrieval methods
76 > * ({@code peek}, {@code element}, and {@code size}).
77   *
78   * <p>This class is a member of the
79 < * <a href="{@docRoot}/../guide/collections/index.html">
79 > * <a href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/util/package-summary.html#CollectionsFramework">
80   * Java Collections Framework</a>.
81 + *
82   * @since 1.5
83 < * @version %I%, %G%
84 < * @author Josh Bloch
83 > * @author Josh Bloch, Doug Lea
84 > * @param <E> the type of elements held in this queue
85   */
86 + @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
87   public class PriorityQueue<E> extends AbstractQueue<E>
88 <    implements Queue<E>, java.io.Serializable {
88 >    implements java.io.Serializable {
89  
90 +    // OPENJDK @java.io.Serial
91      private static final long serialVersionUID = -7720805057305804111L;
92  
93      private static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 11;
94  
95      /**
96 <     * Priority queue represented as a balanced binary heap: the two children
97 <     * of queue[n] are queue[2*n] and queue[2*n + 1].  The priority queue is
98 <     * ordered by comparator, or by the elements' natural ordering, if
99 <     * comparator is null:  For each node n in the heap and each descendant d
100 <     * of n, n <= d.
101 <     *
75 <     * The element with the lowest value is in queue[1], assuming the queue is
76 <     * nonempty.  (A one-based array is used in preference to the traditional
77 <     * zero-based array to simplify parent and child calculations.)
78 <     *
79 <     * queue.length must be >= 2, even if size == 0.
96 >     * Priority queue represented as a balanced binary heap: the two
97 >     * children of queue[n] are queue[2*n+1] and queue[2*(n+1)].  The
98 >     * priority queue is ordered by comparator, or by the elements'
99 >     * natural ordering, if comparator is null: For each node n in the
100 >     * heap and each descendant d of n, n <= d.  The element with the
101 >     * lowest value is in queue[0], assuming the queue is nonempty.
102       */
103 <    private transient Object[] queue;
103 >    transient Object[] queue; // non-private to simplify nested class access
104  
105      /**
106       * The number of elements in the priority queue.
107       */
108 <    private int size = 0;
108 >    int size;
109  
110      /**
111       * The comparator, or null if priority queue uses elements'
112       * natural ordering.
113       */
114 +    @SuppressWarnings("serial") // Conditionally serializable
115      private final Comparator<? super E> comparator;
116  
117      /**
118       * The number of times this priority queue has been
119       * <i>structurally modified</i>.  See AbstractList for gory details.
120       */
121 <    private transient int modCount = 0;
121 >    transient int modCount;     // non-private to simplify nested class access
122  
123      /**
124 <     * Creates a <tt>PriorityQueue</tt> with the default initial capacity
125 <     * (11) that orders its elements according to their natural
126 <     * ordering (using <tt>Comparable</tt>).
124 >     * Creates a {@code PriorityQueue} with the default initial
125 >     * capacity (11) that orders its elements according to their
126 >     * {@linkplain Comparable natural ordering}.
127       */
128      public PriorityQueue() {
129          this(DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY, null);
130      }
131  
132      /**
133 <     * Creates a <tt>PriorityQueue</tt> with the specified initial capacity
134 <     * that orders its elements according to their natural ordering
135 <     * (using <tt>Comparable</tt>).
136 <     *
137 <     * @param initialCapacity the initial capacity for this priority queue.
138 <     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if <tt>initialCapacity</tt> is less
139 <     * than 1
133 >     * Creates a {@code PriorityQueue} with the specified initial
134 >     * capacity that orders its elements according to their
135 >     * {@linkplain Comparable natural ordering}.
136 >     *
137 >     * @param initialCapacity the initial capacity for this priority queue
138 >     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code initialCapacity} is less
139 >     *         than 1
140       */
141      public PriorityQueue(int initialCapacity) {
142          this(initialCapacity, null);
143      }
144  
145      /**
146 <     * Creates a <tt>PriorityQueue</tt> with the specified initial capacity
146 >     * Creates a {@code PriorityQueue} with the default initial capacity and
147 >     * whose elements are ordered according to the specified comparator.
148 >     *
149 >     * @param  comparator the comparator that will be used to order this
150 >     *         priority queue.  If {@code null}, the {@linkplain Comparable
151 >     *         natural ordering} of the elements will be used.
152 >     * @since 1.8
153 >     */
154 >    public PriorityQueue(Comparator<? super E> comparator) {
155 >        this(DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY, comparator);
156 >    }
157 >
158 >    /**
159 >     * Creates a {@code PriorityQueue} with the specified initial capacity
160       * that orders its elements according to the specified comparator.
161       *
162 <     * @param initialCapacity the initial capacity for this priority queue.
163 <     * @param comparator the comparator used to order this priority queue.
164 <     * If <tt>null</tt> then the order depends on the elements' natural
165 <     * ordering.
166 <     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if <tt>initialCapacity</tt> is less
167 <     * than 1
162 >     * @param  initialCapacity the initial capacity for this priority queue
163 >     * @param  comparator the comparator that will be used to order this
164 >     *         priority queue.  If {@code null}, the {@linkplain Comparable
165 >     *         natural ordering} of the elements will be used.
166 >     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code initialCapacity} is
167 >     *         less than 1
168       */
169 <    public PriorityQueue(int initialCapacity,
169 >    public PriorityQueue(int initialCapacity,
170                           Comparator<? super E> comparator) {
171 +        // Note: This restriction of at least one is not actually needed,
172 +        // but continues for 1.5 compatibility
173          if (initialCapacity < 1)
174              throw new IllegalArgumentException();
175 <        this.queue = new Object[initialCapacity + 1];
175 >        this.queue = new Object[initialCapacity];
176          this.comparator = comparator;
177      }
178  
179      /**
180 <     * Common code to initialize underlying queue array across
181 <     * constructors below.
180 >     * Creates a {@code PriorityQueue} containing the elements in the
181 >     * specified collection.  If the specified collection is an instance of
182 >     * a {@link SortedSet} or is another {@code PriorityQueue}, this
183 >     * priority queue will be ordered according to the same ordering.
184 >     * Otherwise, this priority queue will be ordered according to the
185 >     * {@linkplain Comparable natural ordering} of its elements.
186 >     *
187 >     * @param  c the collection whose elements are to be placed
188 >     *         into this priority queue
189 >     * @throws ClassCastException if elements of the specified collection
190 >     *         cannot be compared to one another according to the priority
191 >     *         queue's ordering
192 >     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection or any
193 >     *         of its elements are null
194       */
195 <    private void initializeArray(Collection<? extends E> c) {
196 <        int sz = c.size();
197 <        int initialCapacity = (int)Math.min((sz * 110L) / 100,
198 <                                            Integer.MAX_VALUE - 1);
199 <        if (initialCapacity < 1)
200 <            initialCapacity = 1;
201 <
202 <        this.queue = new Object[initialCapacity + 1];
195 >    public PriorityQueue(Collection<? extends E> c) {
196 >        if (c instanceof SortedSet<?>) {
197 >            SortedSet<? extends E> ss = (SortedSet<? extends E>) c;
198 >            this.comparator = (Comparator<? super E>) ss.comparator();
199 >            initElementsFromCollection(ss);
200 >        }
201 >        else if (c instanceof PriorityQueue<?>) {
202 >            PriorityQueue<? extends E> pq = (PriorityQueue<? extends E>) c;
203 >            this.comparator = (Comparator<? super E>) pq.comparator();
204 >            initFromPriorityQueue(pq);
205 >        }
206 >        else {
207 >            this.comparator = null;
208 >            initFromCollection(c);
209 >        }
210      }
211  
212      /**
213 <     * Initially fill elements of the queue array under the
214 <     * knowledge that it is sorted or is another PQ, in which
215 <     * case we can just place the elements in the order presented.
213 >     * Creates a {@code PriorityQueue} containing the elements in the
214 >     * specified priority queue.  This priority queue will be
215 >     * ordered according to the same ordering as the given priority
216 >     * queue.
217 >     *
218 >     * @param  c the priority queue whose elements are to be placed
219 >     *         into this priority queue
220 >     * @throws ClassCastException if elements of {@code c} cannot be
221 >     *         compared to one another according to {@code c}'s
222 >     *         ordering
223 >     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified priority queue or any
224 >     *         of its elements are null
225       */
226 <    private void fillFromSorted(Collection<? extends E> c) {
227 <        for (Iterator<? extends E> i = c.iterator(); i.hasNext(); )
228 <            queue[++size] = i.next();
226 >    public PriorityQueue(PriorityQueue<? extends E> c) {
227 >        this.comparator = (Comparator<? super E>) c.comparator();
228 >        initFromPriorityQueue(c);
229      }
230  
231      /**
232 <     * Initially fill elements of the queue array that is not to our knowledge
233 <     * sorted, so we must rearrange the elements to guarantee the heap
234 <     * invariant.
232 >     * Creates a {@code PriorityQueue} containing the elements in the
233 >     * specified sorted set.   This priority queue will be ordered
234 >     * according to the same ordering as the given sorted set.
235 >     *
236 >     * @param  c the sorted set whose elements are to be placed
237 >     *         into this priority queue
238 >     * @throws ClassCastException if elements of the specified sorted
239 >     *         set cannot be compared to one another according to the
240 >     *         sorted set's ordering
241 >     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified sorted set or any
242 >     *         of its elements are null
243       */
244 <    private void fillFromUnsorted(Collection<? extends E> c) {
245 <        for (Iterator<? extends E> i = c.iterator(); i.hasNext(); )
246 <            queue[++size] = i.next();
173 <        heapify();
244 >    public PriorityQueue(SortedSet<? extends E> c) {
245 >        this.comparator = (Comparator<? super E>) c.comparator();
246 >        initElementsFromCollection(c);
247      }
248  
249 <    /**
250 <     * Creates a <tt>PriorityQueue</tt> containing the elements in the
251 <     * specified collection.  The priority queue has an initial
252 <     * capacity of 110% of the size of the specified collection or 1
253 <     * if the collection is empty.  If the specified collection is an
254 <     * instance of a {@link java.util.SortedSet} or is another
255 <     * <tt>PriorityQueue</tt>, the priority queue will be sorted
256 <     * according to the same comparator, or according to its elements'
257 <     * natural order if the collection is sorted according to its
185 <     * elements' natural order.  Otherwise, the priority queue is
186 <     * ordered according to its elements' natural order.
187 <     *
188 <     * @param c the collection whose elements are to be placed
189 <     *        into this priority queue.
190 <     * @throws ClassCastException if elements of the specified collection
191 <     *         cannot be compared to one another according to the priority
192 <     *         queue's ordering.
193 <     * @throws NullPointerException if <tt>c</tt> or any element within it
194 <     * is <tt>null</tt>
195 <     */
196 <    public PriorityQueue(Collection<? extends E> c) {
197 <        initializeArray(c);
198 <        if (c instanceof SortedSet) {
199 <            // @fixme double-cast workaround for compiler
200 <            SortedSet<? extends E> s = (SortedSet<? extends E>) (SortedSet)c;
201 <            comparator = (Comparator<? super E>)s.comparator();
202 <            fillFromSorted(s);
203 <        } else if (c instanceof PriorityQueue) {
204 <            PriorityQueue<? extends E> s = (PriorityQueue<? extends E>) c;
205 <            comparator = (Comparator<? super E>)s.comparator();
206 <            fillFromSorted(s);
249 >    /** Ensures that queue[0] exists, helping peek() and poll(). */
250 >    private static Object[] ensureNonEmpty(Object[] es) {
251 >        return (es.length > 0) ? es : new Object[1];
252 >    }
253 >
254 >    private void initFromPriorityQueue(PriorityQueue<? extends E> c) {
255 >        if (c.getClass() == PriorityQueue.class) {
256 >            this.queue = ensureNonEmpty(c.toArray());
257 >            this.size = c.size();
258          } else {
259 <            comparator = null;
209 <            fillFromUnsorted(c);
259 >            initFromCollection(c);
260          }
261      }
262  
263 +    private void initElementsFromCollection(Collection<? extends E> c) {
264 +        Object[] es = c.toArray();
265 +        int len = es.length;
266 +        // If c.toArray incorrectly doesn't return Object[], copy it.
267 +        if (es.getClass() != Object[].class)
268 +            es = Arrays.copyOf(es, len, Object[].class);
269 +        if (len == 1 || this.comparator != null)
270 +            for (Object e : es)
271 +                if (e == null)
272 +                    throw new NullPointerException();
273 +        this.queue = ensureNonEmpty(es);
274 +        this.size = len;
275 +    }
276 +
277      /**
278 <     * Creates a <tt>PriorityQueue</tt> containing the elements in the
215 <     * specified collection.  The priority queue has an initial
216 <     * capacity of 110% of the size of the specified collection or 1
217 <     * if the collection is empty.  This priority queue will be sorted
218 <     * according to the same comparator as the given collection, or
219 <     * according to its elements' natural order if the collection is
220 <     * sorted according to its elements' natural order.
278 >     * Initializes queue array with elements from the given Collection.
279       *
280 <     * @param c the collection whose elements are to be placed
223 <     *        into this priority queue.
224 <     * @throws ClassCastException if elements of the specified collection
225 <     *         cannot be compared to one another according to the priority
226 <     *         queue's ordering.
227 <     * @throws NullPointerException if <tt>c</tt> or any element within it
228 <     * is <tt>null</tt>
280 >     * @param c the collection
281       */
282 <    public PriorityQueue(PriorityQueue<? extends E> c) {
283 <        initializeArray(c);
284 <        comparator = (Comparator<? super E>)c.comparator();
233 <        fillFromSorted(c);
282 >    private void initFromCollection(Collection<? extends E> c) {
283 >        initElementsFromCollection(c);
284 >        heapify();
285      }
286  
287      /**
288 <     * Creates a <tt>PriorityQueue</tt> containing the elements in the
238 <     * specified collection.  The priority queue has an initial
239 <     * capacity of 110% of the size of the specified collection or 1
240 <     * if the collection is empty.  This priority queue will be sorted
241 <     * according to the same comparator as the given collection, or
242 <     * according to its elements' natural order if the collection is
243 <     * sorted according to its elements' natural order.
288 >     * Increases the capacity of the array.
289       *
290 <     * @param c the collection whose elements are to be placed
246 <     *        into this priority queue.
247 <     * @throws ClassCastException if elements of the specified collection
248 <     *         cannot be compared to one another according to the priority
249 <     *         queue's ordering.
250 <     * @throws NullPointerException if <tt>c</tt> or any element within it
251 <     * is <tt>null</tt>
290 >     * @param minCapacity the desired minimum capacity
291       */
292 <    public PriorityQueue(SortedSet<? extends E> c) {
293 <        initializeArray(c);
294 <        comparator = (Comparator<? super E>)c.comparator();
295 <        fillFromSorted(c);
292 >    private void grow(int minCapacity) {
293 >        int oldCapacity = queue.length;
294 >        // Double size if small; else grow by 50%
295 >        int newCapacity = ArraysSupport.newLength(oldCapacity,
296 >                minCapacity - oldCapacity, /* minimum growth */
297 >                oldCapacity < 64 ? oldCapacity + 2 : oldCapacity >> 1
298 >                                           /* preferred growth */);
299 >        queue = Arrays.copyOf(queue, newCapacity);
300      }
301  
302      /**
303 <     * Resize array, if necessary, to be able to hold given index
303 >     * Inserts the specified element into this priority queue.
304 >     *
305 >     * @return {@code true} (as specified by {@link Collection#add})
306 >     * @throws ClassCastException if the specified element cannot be
307 >     *         compared with elements currently in this priority queue
308 >     *         according to the priority queue's ordering
309 >     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null
310       */
311 <    private void grow(int index) {
312 <        int newlen = queue.length;
264 <        if (index < newlen) // don't need to grow
265 <            return;
266 <        if (index == Integer.MAX_VALUE)
267 <            throw new OutOfMemoryError();
268 <        while (newlen <= index) {
269 <            if (newlen >= Integer.MAX_VALUE / 2)  // avoid overflow
270 <                newlen = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
271 <            else
272 <                newlen <<= 2;
273 <        }
274 <        Object[] newQueue = new Object[newlen];
275 <        System.arraycopy(queue, 0, newQueue, 0, queue.length);
276 <        queue = newQueue;
311 >    public boolean add(E e) {
312 >        return offer(e);
313      }
278            
279
280    // Queue Methods
314  
315      /**
316 <     * Add the specified element to this priority queue.
316 >     * Inserts the specified element into this priority queue.
317       *
318 <     * @return <tt>true</tt>
319 <     * @throws ClassCastException if the specified element cannot be compared
320 <     * with elements currently in the priority queue according
321 <     * to the priority queue's ordering.
322 <     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is <tt>null</tt>.
318 >     * @return {@code true} (as specified by {@link Queue#offer})
319 >     * @throws ClassCastException if the specified element cannot be
320 >     *         compared with elements currently in this priority queue
321 >     *         according to the priority queue's ordering
322 >     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null
323       */
324 <    public boolean offer(E o) {
325 <        if (o == null)
324 >    public boolean offer(E e) {
325 >        if (e == null)
326              throw new NullPointerException();
327          modCount++;
328 <        ++size;
329 <
330 <        // Grow backing store if necessary
331 <        if (size >= queue.length)
332 <            grow(size);
300 <
301 <        queue[size] = o;
302 <        fixUp(size);
328 >        int i = size;
329 >        if (i >= queue.length)
330 >            grow(i + 1);
331 >        siftUp(i, e);
332 >        size = i + 1;
333          return true;
334      }
335  
336 <    public E poll() {
337 <        if (size == 0)
308 <            return null;
309 <        return remove();
336 >    public E peek() {
337 >        return (E) queue[0];
338      }
339  
340 <    public E peek() {
341 <        return (E) queue[1];
340 >    private int indexOf(Object o) {
341 >        if (o != null) {
342 >            final Object[] es = queue;
343 >            for (int i = 0, n = size; i < n; i++)
344 >                if (o.equals(es[i]))
345 >                    return i;
346 >        }
347 >        return -1;
348      }
349  
350 <    // Collection Methods - the first two override to update docs
350 >    /**
351 >     * Removes a single instance of the specified element from this queue,
352 >     * if it is present.  More formally, removes an element {@code e} such
353 >     * that {@code o.equals(e)}, if this queue contains one or more such
354 >     * elements.  Returns {@code true} if and only if this queue contained
355 >     * the specified element (or equivalently, if this queue changed as a
356 >     * result of the call).
357 >     *
358 >     * @param o element to be removed from this queue, if present
359 >     * @return {@code true} if this queue changed as a result of the call
360 >     */
361 >    public boolean remove(Object o) {
362 >        int i = indexOf(o);
363 >        if (i == -1)
364 >            return false;
365 >        else {
366 >            removeAt(i);
367 >            return true;
368 >        }
369 >    }
370  
371      /**
372 <     * Adds the specified element to this queue.
320 <     * @return <tt>true</tt> (as per the general contract of
321 <     * <tt>Collection.add</tt>).
372 >     * Identity-based version for use in Itr.remove.
373       *
374 <     * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
324 <     * @throws ClassCastException if the specified element cannot be compared
325 <     * with elements currently in the priority queue according
326 <     * to the priority queue's ordering.
327 <     */
328 <    public boolean add(E o) {
329 <        return super.add(o);
330 <    }
331 <
332 <  
333 <    /**
334 <     * Adds all of the elements in the specified collection to this queue.
335 <     * The behavior of this operation is undefined if
336 <     * the specified collection is modified while the operation is in
337 <     * progress.  (This implies that the behavior of this call is undefined if
338 <     * the specified collection is this queue, and this queue is nonempty.)
339 <     * <p>
340 <     * This implementation iterates over the specified collection, and adds
341 <     * each object returned by the iterator to this collection, in turn.
342 <     * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
343 <     * @throws ClassCastException if any element cannot be compared
344 <     * with elements currently in the priority queue according
345 <     * to the priority queue's ordering.
374 >     * @param o element to be removed from this queue, if present
375       */
376 <    public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) {
377 <        return super.addAll(c);
376 >    void removeEq(Object o) {
377 >        final Object[] es = queue;
378 >        for (int i = 0, n = size; i < n; i++) {
379 >            if (o == es[i]) {
380 >                removeAt(i);
381 >                break;
382 >            }
383 >        }
384      }
385  
386 +    /**
387 +     * Returns {@code true} if this queue contains the specified element.
388 +     * More formally, returns {@code true} if and only if this queue contains
389 +     * at least one element {@code e} such that {@code o.equals(e)}.
390 +     *
391 +     * @param o object to be checked for containment in this queue
392 +     * @return {@code true} if this queue contains the specified element
393 +     */
394 +    public boolean contains(Object o) {
395 +        return indexOf(o) >= 0;
396 +    }
397  
398      /**
399 <     * Removes a single instance of the specified element from this
400 <     * queue, if it is present.  More formally,
401 <     * removes an element <tt>e</tt> such that <tt>(o==null ? e==null :
402 <     * o.equals(e))</tt>, if the queue contains one or more such
403 <     * elements.  Returns <tt>true</tt> if the queue contained the
404 <     * specified element (or equivalently, if the queue changed as a
359 <     * result of the call).
399 >     * Returns an array containing all of the elements in this queue.
400 >     * The elements are in no particular order.
401 >     *
402 >     * <p>The returned array will be "safe" in that no references to it are
403 >     * maintained by this queue.  (In other words, this method must allocate
404 >     * a new array).  The caller is thus free to modify the returned array.
405       *
406 <     * <p>This implementation iterates over the queue looking for the
407 <     * specified element.  If it finds the element, it removes the element
363 <     * from the queue using the iterator's remove method.<p>
406 >     * <p>This method acts as bridge between array-based and collection-based
407 >     * APIs.
408       *
409 +     * @return an array containing all of the elements in this queue
410       */
411 <    public boolean remove(Object o) {
412 <        if (o == null)
413 <            return false;
411 >    public Object[] toArray() {
412 >        return Arrays.copyOf(queue, size);
413 >    }
414  
415 <        if (comparator == null) {
416 <            for (int i = 1; i <= size; i++) {
417 <                if (((Comparable<E>)queue[i]).compareTo((E)o) == 0) {
418 <                    removeAt(i);
419 <                    return true;
420 <                }
421 <            }
422 <        } else {
423 <            for (int i = 1; i <= size; i++) {
424 <                if (comparator.compare((E)queue[i], (E)o) == 0) {
425 <                    removeAt(i);
426 <                    return true;
427 <                }
428 <            }
429 <        }
430 <        return false;
415 >    /**
416 >     * Returns an array containing all of the elements in this queue; the
417 >     * runtime type of the returned array is that of the specified array.
418 >     * The returned array elements are in no particular order.
419 >     * If the queue fits in the specified array, it is returned therein.
420 >     * Otherwise, a new array is allocated with the runtime type of the
421 >     * specified array and the size of this queue.
422 >     *
423 >     * <p>If the queue fits in the specified array with room to spare
424 >     * (i.e., the array has more elements than the queue), the element in
425 >     * the array immediately following the end of the collection is set to
426 >     * {@code null}.
427 >     *
428 >     * <p>Like the {@link #toArray()} method, this method acts as bridge between
429 >     * array-based and collection-based APIs.  Further, this method allows
430 >     * precise control over the runtime type of the output array, and may,
431 >     * under certain circumstances, be used to save allocation costs.
432 >     *
433 >     * <p>Suppose {@code x} is a queue known to contain only strings.
434 >     * The following code can be used to dump the queue into a newly
435 >     * allocated array of {@code String}:
436 >     *
437 >     * <pre> {@code String[] y = x.toArray(new String[0]);}</pre>
438 >     *
439 >     * Note that {@code toArray(new Object[0])} is identical in function to
440 >     * {@code toArray()}.
441 >     *
442 >     * @param a the array into which the elements of the queue are to
443 >     *          be stored, if it is big enough; otherwise, a new array of the
444 >     *          same runtime type is allocated for this purpose.
445 >     * @return an array containing all of the elements in this queue
446 >     * @throws ArrayStoreException if the runtime type of the specified array
447 >     *         is not a supertype of the runtime type of every element in
448 >     *         this queue
449 >     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified array is null
450 >     */
451 >    public <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) {
452 >        final int size = this.size;
453 >        if (a.length < size)
454 >            // Make a new array of a's runtime type, but my contents:
455 >            return (T[]) Arrays.copyOf(queue, size, a.getClass());
456 >        System.arraycopy(queue, 0, a, 0, size);
457 >        if (a.length > size)
458 >            a[size] = null;
459 >        return a;
460      }
461  
462      /**
463       * Returns an iterator over the elements in this queue. The iterator
464       * does not return the elements in any particular order.
465       *
466 <     * @return an iterator over the elements in this queue.
466 >     * @return an iterator over the elements in this queue
467       */
468      public Iterator<E> iterator() {
469          return new Itr();
470      }
471  
472 <    private class Itr implements Iterator<E> {
399 <
472 >    private final class Itr implements Iterator<E> {
473          /**
474           * Index (into queue array) of element to be returned by
475           * subsequent call to next.
476           */
477 <        private int cursor = 1;
477 >        private int cursor;
478  
479          /**
480           * Index of element returned by most recent call to next,
481           * unless that element came from the forgetMeNot list.
482 <         * Reset to 0 if element is deleted by a call to remove.
410 <         */
411 <        private int lastRet = 0;
412 <
413 <        /**
414 <         * The modCount value that the iterator believes that the backing
415 <         * List should have.  If this expectation is violated, the iterator
416 <         * has detected concurrent modification.
482 >         * Set to -1 if element is deleted by a call to remove.
483           */
484 <        private int expectedModCount = modCount;
484 >        private int lastRet = -1;
485  
486          /**
487 <         * A list of elements that were moved from the unvisited portion of
487 >         * A queue of elements that were moved from the unvisited portion of
488           * the heap into the visited portion as a result of "unlucky" element
489           * removals during the iteration.  (Unlucky element removals are those
490 <         * that require a fixup instead of a fixdown.)  We must visit all of
490 >         * that require a siftup instead of a siftdown.)  We must visit all of
491           * the elements in this list to complete the iteration.  We do this
492           * after we've completed the "normal" iteration.
493           *
494           * We expect that most iterations, even those involving removals,
495 <         * will not use need to store elements in this field.
495 >         * will not need to store elements in this field.
496           */
497 <        private ArrayList<E> forgetMeNot = null;
497 >        private ArrayDeque<E> forgetMeNot;
498  
499          /**
500           * Element returned by the most recent call to next iff that
501           * element was drawn from the forgetMeNot list.
502           */
503 <        private Object lastRetElt = null;
503 >        private E lastRetElt;
504 >
505 >        /**
506 >         * The modCount value that the iterator believes that the backing
507 >         * Queue should have.  If this expectation is violated, the iterator
508 >         * has detected concurrent modification.
509 >         */
510 >        private int expectedModCount = modCount;
511 >
512 >        Itr() {}                        // prevent access constructor creation
513  
514          public boolean hasNext() {
515 <            return cursor <= size || forgetMeNot != null;
515 >            return cursor < size ||
516 >                (forgetMeNot != null && !forgetMeNot.isEmpty());
517          }
518  
519          public E next() {
520 <            checkForComodification();
521 <            E result;
522 <            if (cursor <= size) {
523 <                result = (E) queue[cursor];
524 <                lastRet = cursor++;
525 <            }
526 <            else if (forgetMeNot == null)
527 <                throw new NoSuchElementException();
528 <            else {
453 <                int remaining = forgetMeNot.size();
454 <                result = forgetMeNot.remove(remaining - 1);
455 <                if (remaining == 1)
456 <                    forgetMeNot = null;
457 <                lastRet = 0;
458 <                lastRetElt = result;
520 >            if (expectedModCount != modCount)
521 >                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
522 >            if (cursor < size)
523 >                return (E) queue[lastRet = cursor++];
524 >            if (forgetMeNot != null) {
525 >                lastRet = -1;
526 >                lastRetElt = forgetMeNot.poll();
527 >                if (lastRetElt != null)
528 >                    return lastRetElt;
529              }
530 <            return result;
530 >            throw new NoSuchElementException();
531          }
532  
533          public void remove() {
534 <            checkForComodification();
535 <
536 <            if (lastRet != 0) {
534 >            if (expectedModCount != modCount)
535 >                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
536 >            if (lastRet != -1) {
537                  E moved = PriorityQueue.this.removeAt(lastRet);
538 <                lastRet = 0;
539 <                if (moved == null) {
538 >                lastRet = -1;
539 >                if (moved == null)
540                      cursor--;
541 <                } else {
541 >                else {
542                      if (forgetMeNot == null)
543 <                        forgetMeNot = new ArrayList<E>();
543 >                        forgetMeNot = new ArrayDeque<>();
544                      forgetMeNot.add(moved);
545                  }
546              } else if (lastRetElt != null) {
547 <                PriorityQueue.this.remove(lastRetElt);
547 >                PriorityQueue.this.removeEq(lastRetElt);
548                  lastRetElt = null;
549              } else {
550                  throw new IllegalStateException();
551              }
482
552              expectedModCount = modCount;
553          }
485
486        final void checkForComodification() {
487            if (modCount != expectedModCount)
488                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
489        }
554      }
555  
556      public int size() {
# Line 494 | Line 558 | public class PriorityQueue<E> extends Ab
558      }
559  
560      /**
561 <     * Remove all elements from the priority queue.
561 >     * Removes all of the elements from this priority queue.
562 >     * The queue will be empty after this call returns.
563       */
564      public void clear() {
565          modCount++;
566 <
567 <        // Null out element references to prevent memory leak
568 <        for (int i=1; i<=size; i++)
504 <            queue[i] = null;
505 <
566 >        final Object[] es = queue;
567 >        for (int i = 0, n = size; i < n; i++)
568 >            es[i] = null;
569          size = 0;
570      }
571  
572 <    /**
573 <     * Removes and returns the first element from queue.
574 <     */
512 <    public E remove() {
513 <        if (size == 0)
514 <            throw new NoSuchElementException();
515 <        modCount++;
516 <
517 <        E result = (E) queue[1];
518 <        queue[1] = queue[size];
519 <        queue[size--] = null;  // Drop extra ref to prevent memory leak
520 <        if (size > 1)
521 <            fixDown(1);
572 >    public E poll() {
573 >        final Object[] es;
574 >        final E result;
575  
576 +        if ((result = (E) ((es = queue)[0])) != null) {
577 +            modCount++;
578 +            final int n;
579 +            final E x = (E) es[(n = --size)];
580 +            es[n] = null;
581 +            if (n > 0) {
582 +                final Comparator<? super E> cmp;
583 +                if ((cmp = comparator) == null)
584 +                    siftDownComparable(0, x, es, n);
585 +                else
586 +                    siftDownUsingComparator(0, x, es, n, cmp);
587 +            }
588 +        }
589          return result;
590      }
591  
592      /**
593 <     * Removes and returns the ith element from queue.  (Recall that queue
528 <     * is one-based, so 1 <= i <= size.)
593 >     * Removes the ith element from queue.
594       *
595 <     * Normally this method leaves the elements at positions from 1 up to i-1,
596 <     * inclusive, untouched.  Under these circumstances, it returns null.
597 <     * Occasionally, in order to maintain the heap invariant, it must move
598 <     * the last element of the list to some index in the range [2, i-1],
599 <     * and move the element previously at position (i/2) to position i.
600 <     * Under these circumstances, this method returns the element that was
601 <     * previously at the end of the list and is now at some position between
602 <     * 2 and i-1 inclusive.
603 <     */
604 <    private E removeAt(int i) {
605 <        assert i > 0 && i <= size;
595 >     * Normally this method leaves the elements at up to i-1,
596 >     * inclusive, untouched.  Under these circumstances, it returns
597 >     * null.  Occasionally, in order to maintain the heap invariant,
598 >     * it must swap a later element of the list with one earlier than
599 >     * i.  Under these circumstances, this method returns the element
600 >     * that was previously at the end of the list and is now at some
601 >     * position before i. This fact is used by iterator.remove so as to
602 >     * avoid missing traversing elements.
603 >     */
604 >    E removeAt(int i) {
605 >        // assert i >= 0 && i < size;
606 >        final Object[] es = queue;
607          modCount++;
608 <
609 <        E moved = (E) queue[size];
610 <        queue[i] = moved;
611 <        queue[size--] = null;  // Drop extra ref to prevent memory leak
612 <        if (i <= size) {
613 <            fixDown(i);
614 <            if (queue[i] == moved) {
615 <                fixUp(i);
616 <                if (queue[i] != moved)
608 >        int s = --size;
609 >        if (s == i) // removed last element
610 >            es[i] = null;
611 >        else {
612 >            E moved = (E) es[s];
613 >            es[s] = null;
614 >            siftDown(i, moved);
615 >            if (es[i] == moved) {
616 >                siftUp(i, moved);
617 >                if (es[i] != moved)
618                      return moved;
619              }
620          }
# Line 555 | Line 622 | public class PriorityQueue<E> extends Ab
622      }
623  
624      /**
625 <     * Establishes the heap invariant (described above) assuming the heap
626 <     * satisfies the invariant except possibly for the leaf-node indexed by k
627 <     * (which may have a nextExecutionTime less than its parent's).
628 <     *
629 <     * This method functions by "promoting" queue[k] up the hierarchy
630 <     * (by swapping it with its parent) repeatedly until queue[k]
631 <     * is greater than or equal to its parent.
632 <     */
633 <    private void fixUp(int k) {
634 <        if (comparator == null) {
635 <            while (k > 1) {
636 <                int j = k >> 1;
637 <                if (((Comparable<E>)queue[j]).compareTo((E)queue[k]) <= 0)
638 <                    break;
639 <                Object tmp = queue[j];  queue[j] = queue[k]; queue[k] = tmp;
640 <                k = j;
641 <            }
642 <        } else {
643 <            while (k > 1) {
644 <                int j = k >>> 1;
645 <                if (comparator.compare((E)queue[j], (E)queue[k]) <= 0)
646 <                    break;
647 <                Object tmp = queue[j];  queue[j] = queue[k]; queue[k] = tmp;
648 <                k = j;
649 <            }
625 >     * Inserts item x at position k, maintaining heap invariant by
626 >     * promoting x up the tree until it is greater than or equal to
627 >     * its parent, or is the root.
628 >     *
629 >     * To simplify and speed up coercions and comparisons, the
630 >     * Comparable and Comparator versions are separated into different
631 >     * methods that are otherwise identical. (Similarly for siftDown.)
632 >     *
633 >     * @param k the position to fill
634 >     * @param x the item to insert
635 >     */
636 >    private void siftUp(int k, E x) {
637 >        if (comparator != null)
638 >            siftUpUsingComparator(k, x, queue, comparator);
639 >        else
640 >            siftUpComparable(k, x, queue);
641 >    }
642 >
643 >    private static <T> void siftUpComparable(int k, T x, Object[] es) {
644 >        Comparable<? super T> key = (Comparable<? super T>) x;
645 >        while (k > 0) {
646 >            int parent = (k - 1) >>> 1;
647 >            Object e = es[parent];
648 >            if (key.compareTo((T) e) >= 0)
649 >                break;
650 >            es[k] = e;
651 >            k = parent;
652          }
653 +        es[k] = key;
654 +    }
655 +
656 +    private static <T> void siftUpUsingComparator(
657 +        int k, T x, Object[] es, Comparator<? super T> cmp) {
658 +        while (k > 0) {
659 +            int parent = (k - 1) >>> 1;
660 +            Object e = es[parent];
661 +            if (cmp.compare(x, (T) e) >= 0)
662 +                break;
663 +            es[k] = e;
664 +            k = parent;
665 +        }
666 +        es[k] = x;
667      }
668  
669      /**
670 <     * Establishes the heap invariant (described above) in the subtree
671 <     * rooted at k, which is assumed to satisfy the heap invariant except
672 <     * possibly for node k itself (which may be greater than its children).
673 <     *
674 <     * This method functions by "demoting" queue[k] down the hierarchy
675 <     * (by swapping it with its smaller child) repeatedly until queue[k]
676 <     * is less than or equal to its children.
677 <     */
678 <    private void fixDown(int k) {
679 <        int j;
680 <        if (comparator == null) {
681 <            while ((j = k << 1) <= size && (j > 0)) {
682 <                if (j<size &&
683 <                    ((Comparable<E>)queue[j]).compareTo((E)queue[j+1]) > 0)
684 <                    j++; // j indexes smallest kid
685 <
686 <                if (((Comparable<E>)queue[k]).compareTo((E)queue[j]) <= 0)
687 <                    break;
688 <                Object tmp = queue[j];  queue[j] = queue[k]; queue[k] = tmp;
689 <                k = j;
690 <            }
691 <        } else {
692 <            while ((j = k << 1) <= size && (j > 0)) {
693 <                if (j<size &&
694 <                    comparator.compare((E)queue[j], (E)queue[j+1]) > 0)
695 <                    j++; // j indexes smallest kid
696 <                if (comparator.compare((E)queue[k], (E)queue[j]) <= 0)
697 <                    break;
698 <                Object tmp = queue[j];  queue[j] = queue[k]; queue[k] = tmp;
699 <                k = j;
700 <            }
670 >     * Inserts item x at position k, maintaining heap invariant by
671 >     * demoting x down the tree repeatedly until it is less than or
672 >     * equal to its children or is a leaf.
673 >     *
674 >     * @param k the position to fill
675 >     * @param x the item to insert
676 >     */
677 >    private void siftDown(int k, E x) {
678 >        if (comparator != null)
679 >            siftDownUsingComparator(k, x, queue, size, comparator);
680 >        else
681 >            siftDownComparable(k, x, queue, size);
682 >    }
683 >
684 >    private static <T> void siftDownComparable(int k, T x, Object[] es, int n) {
685 >        // assert n > 0;
686 >        Comparable<? super T> key = (Comparable<? super T>)x;
687 >        int half = n >>> 1;           // loop while a non-leaf
688 >        while (k < half) {
689 >            int child = (k << 1) + 1; // assume left child is least
690 >            Object c = es[child];
691 >            int right = child + 1;
692 >            if (right < n &&
693 >                ((Comparable<? super T>) c).compareTo((T) es[right]) > 0)
694 >                c = es[child = right];
695 >            if (key.compareTo((T) c) <= 0)
696 >                break;
697 >            es[k] = c;
698 >            k = child;
699 >        }
700 >        es[k] = key;
701 >    }
702 >
703 >    private static <T> void siftDownUsingComparator(
704 >        int k, T x, Object[] es, int n, Comparator<? super T> cmp) {
705 >        // assert n > 0;
706 >        int half = n >>> 1;
707 >        while (k < half) {
708 >            int child = (k << 1) + 1;
709 >            Object c = es[child];
710 >            int right = child + 1;
711 >            if (right < n && cmp.compare((T) c, (T) es[right]) > 0)
712 >                c = es[child = right];
713 >            if (cmp.compare(x, (T) c) <= 0)
714 >                break;
715 >            es[k] = c;
716 >            k = child;
717          }
718 +        es[k] = x;
719      }
720  
721      /**
722       * Establishes the heap invariant (described above) in the entire tree,
723       * assuming nothing about the order of the elements prior to the call.
724 +     * This classic algorithm due to Floyd (1964) is known to be O(size).
725       */
726      private void heapify() {
727 <        for (int i = size/2; i >= 1; i--)
728 <            fixDown(i);
727 >        final Object[] es = queue;
728 >        int n = size, i = (n >>> 1) - 1;
729 >        final Comparator<? super E> cmp;
730 >        if ((cmp = comparator) == null)
731 >            for (; i >= 0; i--)
732 >                siftDownComparable(i, (E) es[i], es, n);
733 >        else
734 >            for (; i >= 0; i--)
735 >                siftDownUsingComparator(i, (E) es[i], es, n, cmp);
736      }
737  
738      /**
739 <     * Returns the comparator used to order this collection, or <tt>null</tt>
740 <     * if this collection is sorted according to its elements natural ordering
741 <     * (using <tt>Comparable</tt>).
742 <     *
743 <     * @return the comparator used to order this collection, or <tt>null</tt>
744 <     * if this collection is sorted according to its elements natural ordering.
739 >     * Returns the comparator used to order the elements in this
740 >     * queue, or {@code null} if this queue is sorted according to
741 >     * the {@linkplain Comparable natural ordering} of its elements.
742 >     *
743 >     * @return the comparator used to order this queue, or
744 >     *         {@code null} if this queue is sorted according to the
745 >     *         natural ordering of its elements
746       */
747      public Comparator<? super E> comparator() {
748          return comparator;
749      }
750  
751      /**
752 <     * Save the state of the instance to a stream (that
644 <     * is, serialize it).
752 >     * Saves this queue to a stream (that is, serializes it).
753       *
646     * @serialData The length of the array backing the instance is
647     * emitted (int), followed by all of its elements (each an
648     * <tt>Object</tt>) in the proper order.
754       * @param s the stream
755 +     * @throws java.io.IOException if an I/O error occurs
756 +     * @serialData The length of the array backing the instance is
757 +     *             emitted (int), followed by all of its elements
758 +     *             (each an {@code Object}) in the proper order.
759       */
760 +    // OPENJDK @java.io.Serial
761      private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s)
762 <        throws java.io.IOException{
762 >        throws java.io.IOException {
763          // Write out element count, and any hidden stuff
764          s.defaultWriteObject();
765  
766 <        // Write out array length
767 <        s.writeInt(queue.length);
766 >        // Write out array length, for compatibility with 1.5 version
767 >        s.writeInt(Math.max(2, size + 1));
768  
769 <        // Write out all elements in the proper order.
770 <        for (int i=0; i<size; i++)
771 <            s.writeObject(queue[i]);
769 >        // Write out all elements in the "proper order".
770 >        final Object[] es = queue;
771 >        for (int i = 0, n = size; i < n; i++)
772 >            s.writeObject(es[i]);
773      }
774  
775      /**
776 <     * Reconstitute the <tt>ArrayList</tt> instance from a stream (that is,
777 <     * deserialize it).
776 >     * Reconstitutes the {@code PriorityQueue} instance from a stream
777 >     * (that is, deserializes it).
778 >     *
779       * @param s the stream
780 +     * @throws ClassNotFoundException if the class of a serialized object
781 +     *         could not be found
782 +     * @throws java.io.IOException if an I/O error occurs
783       */
784 +    // OPENJDK @java.io.Serial
785      private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s)
786          throws java.io.IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
787          // Read in size, and any hidden stuff
788          s.defaultReadObject();
789  
790 <        // Read in array length and allocate array
791 <        int arrayLength = s.readInt();
792 <        queue = new Object[arrayLength];
793 <
794 <        // Read in all elements in the proper order.
795 <        for (int i=0; i<size; i++)
796 <            queue[i] = (E) s.readObject();
790 >        // Read in (and discard) array length
791 >        s.readInt();
792 >
793 >        jsr166.Platform.checkArray(s, Object[].class, size);
794 >        final Object[] es = queue = new Object[Math.max(size, 1)];
795 >
796 >        // Read in all elements.
797 >        for (int i = 0, n = size; i < n; i++)
798 >            es[i] = s.readObject();
799 >
800 >        // Elements are guaranteed to be in "proper order", but the
801 >        // spec has never explained what that might be.
802 >        heapify();
803      }
804  
805 +    /**
806 +     * Creates a <em><a href="Spliterator.html#binding">late-binding</a></em>
807 +     * and <em>fail-fast</em> {@link Spliterator} over the elements in this
808 +     * queue. The spliterator does not traverse elements in any particular order
809 +     * (the {@link Spliterator#ORDERED ORDERED} characteristic is not reported).
810 +     *
811 +     * <p>The {@code Spliterator} reports {@link Spliterator#SIZED},
812 +     * {@link Spliterator#SUBSIZED}, and {@link Spliterator#NONNULL}.
813 +     * Overriding implementations should document the reporting of additional
814 +     * characteristic values.
815 +     *
816 +     * @return a {@code Spliterator} over the elements in this queue
817 +     * @since 1.8
818 +     */
819 +    public final Spliterator<E> spliterator() {
820 +        return new PriorityQueueSpliterator(0, -1, 0);
821 +    }
822 +
823 +    final class PriorityQueueSpliterator implements Spliterator<E> {
824 +        private int index;            // current index, modified on advance/split
825 +        private int fence;            // -1 until first use
826 +        private int expectedModCount; // initialized when fence set
827 +
828 +        /** Creates new spliterator covering the given range. */
829 +        PriorityQueueSpliterator(int origin, int fence, int expectedModCount) {
830 +            this.index = origin;
831 +            this.fence = fence;
832 +            this.expectedModCount = expectedModCount;
833 +        }
834 +
835 +        private int getFence() { // initialize fence to size on first use
836 +            int hi;
837 +            if ((hi = fence) < 0) {
838 +                expectedModCount = modCount;
839 +                hi = fence = size;
840 +            }
841 +            return hi;
842 +        }
843 +
844 +        public PriorityQueueSpliterator trySplit() {
845 +            int hi = getFence(), lo = index, mid = (lo + hi) >>> 1;
846 +            return (lo >= mid) ? null :
847 +                new PriorityQueueSpliterator(lo, index = mid, expectedModCount);
848 +        }
849 +
850 +        public void forEachRemaining(Consumer<? super E> action) {
851 +            if (action == null)
852 +                throw new NullPointerException();
853 +            if (fence < 0) { fence = size; expectedModCount = modCount; }
854 +            final Object[] es = queue;
855 +            int i, hi; E e;
856 +            for (i = index, index = hi = fence; i < hi; i++) {
857 +                if ((e = (E) es[i]) == null)
858 +                    break;      // must be CME
859 +                action.accept(e);
860 +            }
861 +            if (modCount != expectedModCount)
862 +                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
863 +        }
864 +
865 +        public boolean tryAdvance(Consumer<? super E> action) {
866 +            if (action == null)
867 +                throw new NullPointerException();
868 +            if (fence < 0) { fence = size; expectedModCount = modCount; }
869 +            int i;
870 +            if ((i = index) < fence) {
871 +                index = i + 1;
872 +                E e;
873 +                if ((e = (E) queue[i]) == null
874 +                    || modCount != expectedModCount)
875 +                    throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
876 +                action.accept(e);
877 +                return true;
878 +            }
879 +            return false;
880 +        }
881 +
882 +        public long estimateSize() {
883 +            return getFence() - index;
884 +        }
885 +
886 +        public int characteristics() {
887 +            return Spliterator.SIZED | Spliterator.SUBSIZED | Spliterator.NONNULL;
888 +        }
889 +    }
890 +
891 +    /**
892 +     * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
893 +     */
894 +    public boolean removeIf(Predicate<? super E> filter) {
895 +        Objects.requireNonNull(filter);
896 +        return bulkRemove(filter);
897 +    }
898 +
899 +    /**
900 +     * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
901 +     */
902 +    public boolean removeAll(Collection<?> c) {
903 +        Objects.requireNonNull(c);
904 +        return bulkRemove(e -> c.contains(e));
905 +    }
906 +
907 +    /**
908 +     * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
909 +     */
910 +    public boolean retainAll(Collection<?> c) {
911 +        Objects.requireNonNull(c);
912 +        return bulkRemove(e -> !c.contains(e));
913 +    }
914 +
915 +    // A tiny bit set implementation
916 +
917 +    private static long[] nBits(int n) {
918 +        return new long[((n - 1) >> 6) + 1];
919 +    }
920 +    private static void setBit(long[] bits, int i) {
921 +        bits[i >> 6] |= 1L << i;
922 +    }
923 +    private static boolean isClear(long[] bits, int i) {
924 +        return (bits[i >> 6] & (1L << i)) == 0;
925 +    }
926 +
927 +    /** Implementation of bulk remove methods. */
928 +    private boolean bulkRemove(Predicate<? super E> filter) {
929 +        final int expectedModCount = ++modCount;
930 +        final Object[] es = queue;
931 +        final int end = size;
932 +        int i;
933 +        // Optimize for initial run of survivors
934 +        for (i = 0; i < end && !filter.test((E) es[i]); i++)
935 +            ;
936 +        if (i >= end) {
937 +            if (modCount != expectedModCount)
938 +                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
939 +            return false;
940 +        }
941 +        // Tolerate predicates that reentrantly access the collection for
942 +        // read (but writers still get CME), so traverse once to find
943 +        // elements to delete, a second pass to physically expunge.
944 +        final int beg = i;
945 +        final long[] deathRow = nBits(end - beg);
946 +        deathRow[0] = 1L;   // set bit 0
947 +        for (i = beg + 1; i < end; i++)
948 +            if (filter.test((E) es[i]))
949 +                setBit(deathRow, i - beg);
950 +        if (modCount != expectedModCount)
951 +            throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
952 +        int w = beg;
953 +        for (i = beg; i < end; i++)
954 +            if (isClear(deathRow, i - beg))
955 +                es[w++] = es[i];
956 +        for (i = size = w; i < end; i++)
957 +            es[i] = null;
958 +        heapify();
959 +        return true;
960 +    }
961 +
962 +    /**
963 +     * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
964 +     */
965 +    public void forEach(Consumer<? super E> action) {
966 +        Objects.requireNonNull(action);
967 +        final int expectedModCount = modCount;
968 +        final Object[] es = queue;
969 +        for (int i = 0, n = size; i < n; i++)
970 +            action.accept((E) es[i]);
971 +        if (expectedModCount != modCount)
972 +            throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
973 +    }
974   }

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