java/util/Queue.java

/*
 * Written by Doug Lea with assistance from members of JCP JSR-166
 * Expert Group and released to the public domain, as explained at
 * http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
 */

package java.util;

/**
 * A collection designed for holding elements prior to processing.
 * Besides basic {@link java.util.Collection Collection} operations,
 * queues provide additional insertion, extraction, and inspection
 * operations.  Each of these methods exists in two forms: one throws
 * an exception if the operation fails, the other returns a special
 * value (either {@code null} or {@code false}, depending on the
 * operation).  The latter form of the insert operation is designed
 * specifically for use with capacity-restricted {@code Queue}
 * implementations; in most implementations, insert operations cannot
 * fail.
 *
 * <p>
 * <table BORDER CELLPADDING=3 CELLSPACING=1>
 * <caption>Summary of Queue methods</caption>
 *  <tr>
 *    <td></td>
 *    <td ALIGN=CENTER><em>Throws exception</em></td>
 *    <td ALIGN=CENTER><em>Returns special value</em></td>
 *  </tr>
 *  <tr>
 *    <td><b>Insert</b></td>
 *    <td>{@link #add add(e)}</td>
 *    <td>{@link #offer offer(e)}</td>
 *  </tr>
 *  <tr>
 *    <td><b>Remove</b></td>
 *    <td>{@link #remove remove()}</td>
 *    <td>{@link #poll poll()}</td>
 *  </tr>
 *  <tr>
 *    <td><b>Examine</b></td>
 *    <td>{@link #element element()}</td>
 *    <td>{@link #peek peek()}</td>
 *  </tr>
 * </table>
 *
 * <p>Queues typically, but do not necessarily, order elements in a
 * FIFO (first-in-first-out) manner.  Among the exceptions are
 * priority queues, which order elements according to a supplied
 * comparator, or the elements' natural ordering, and LIFO queues (or
 * stacks) which order the elements LIFO (last-in-first-out).
 * Whatever the ordering used, the <em>head</em> of the queue is that
 * element which would be removed by a call to {@link #remove() } or
 * {@link #poll()}.  In a FIFO queue, all new elements are inserted at
 * the <em>tail</em> of the queue. Other kinds of queues may use
 * different placement rules.  Every {@code Queue} implementation
 * must specify its ordering properties.
 *
 * <p>The {@link #offer offer} method inserts an element if possible,
 * otherwise returning {@code false}.  This differs from the {@link
 * java.util.Collection#add Collection.add} method, which can fail to
 * add an element only by throwing an unchecked exception.  The
 * {@code offer} method is designed for use when failure is a normal,
 * rather than exceptional occurrence, for example, in fixed-capacity
 * (or &quot;bounded&quot;) queues.
 *
 * <p>The {@link #remove()} and {@link #poll()} methods remove and
 * return the head of the queue.
 * Exactly which element is removed from the queue is a
 * function of the queue's ordering policy, which differs from
 * implementation to implementation. The {@code remove()} and
 * {@code poll()} methods differ only in their behavior when the
 * queue is empty: the {@code remove()} method throws an exception,
 * while the {@code poll()} method returns {@code null}.
 *
 * <p>The {@link #element()} and {@link #peek()} methods return, but do
 * not remove, the head of the queue.
 *
 * <p>The {@code Queue} interface does not define the <i>blocking queue
 * methods</i>, which are common in concurrent programming.  These methods,
 * which wait for elements to appear or for space to become available, are
 * defined in the {@link java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue} interface, which
 * extends this interface.
 *
 * <p>{@code Queue} implementations generally do not allow insertion
 * of {@code null} elements, although some implementations, such as
 * {@link LinkedList}, do not prohibit insertion of {@code null}.
 * Even in the implementations that permit it, {@code null} should
 * not be inserted into a {@code Queue}, as {@code null} is also
 * used as a special return value by the {@code poll} method to
 * indicate that the queue contains no elements.
 *
 * <p>{@code Queue} implementations generally do not define
 * element-based versions of methods {@code equals} and
 * {@code hashCode} but instead inherit the identity based versions
 * from class {@code Object}, because element-based equality is not
 * always well-defined for queues with the same elements but different
 * ordering properties.
 *
 *
 * <p>This interface is a member of the
 * <a href="{@docRoot}/../technotes/guides/collections/index.html">
 * Java Collections Framework</a>.
 *
 * @see java.util.Collection
 * @see LinkedList
 * @see PriorityQueue
 * @see java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue
 * @see java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue
 * @see java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue
 * @see java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue
 * @see java.util.concurrent.PriorityBlockingQueue
 * @since 1.5
 * @author Doug Lea
 * @param <E> the type of elements held in this collection
 */
public interface Queue<E> extends Collection<E> {
    /**
     * Inserts the specified element into this queue if it is possible to do so
     * immediately without violating capacity restrictions, returning
     * {@code true} upon success and throwing an {@code IllegalStateException}
     * if no space is currently available.
     *
     * @param e the element to add
     * @return {@code true} (as specified by {@link Collection#add})
     * @throws IllegalStateException if the element cannot be added at this
     *         time due to capacity restrictions
     * @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified element
     *         prevents it from being added to this queue
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null and
     *         this queue does not permit null elements
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of this element
     *         prevents it from being added to this queue
     */
    boolean add(E e);

    /**
     * Inserts the specified element into this queue if it is possible to do
     * so immediately without violating capacity restrictions.
     * When using a capacity-restricted queue, this method is generally
     * preferable to {@link #add}, which can fail to insert an element only
     * by throwing an exception.
     *
     * @param e the element to add
     * @return {@code true} if the element was added to this queue, else
     *         {@code false}
     * @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified element
     *         prevents it from being added to this queue
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null and
     *         this queue does not permit null elements
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of this element
     *         prevents it from being added to this queue
     */
    boolean offer(E e);

    /**
     * Retrieves and removes the head of this queue.  This method differs
     * from {@link #poll poll} only in that it throws an exception if this
     * queue is empty.
     *
     * @return the head of this queue
     * @throws NoSuchElementException if this queue is empty
     */
    E remove();

    /**
     * Retrieves and removes the head of this queue,
     * or returns {@code null} if this queue is empty.
     *
     * @return the head of this queue, or {@code null} if this queue is empty
     */
    E poll();

    /**
     * Retrieves, but does not remove, the head of this queue.  This method
     * differs from {@link #peek peek} only in that it throws an exception
     * if this queue is empty.
     *
     * @return the head of this queue
     * @throws NoSuchElementException if this queue is empty
     */
    E element();

    /**
     * Retrieves, but does not remove, the head of this queue,
     * or returns {@code null} if this queue is empty.
     *
     * @return the head of this queue, or {@code null} if this queue is empty
     */
    E peek();
}
Revision:	1.39
Committed:	Mon Feb 11 17:27:45 2013 UTC (11 years, 2 months ago) by jsr166
Branch:	MAIN
Changes since 1.38:	+1 -0 lines
Log Message:	add <caption> tags to all tables
#	User	Rev	Content
1	dl	1.3	/*
2			* Written by Doug Lea with assistance from members of JCP JSR-166
3	dl	1.22	* Expert Group and released to the public domain, as explained at
4	jsr166	1.36	* http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
5	dl	1.3	*/
6
7	tim	1.1	package java.util;
8
9			/**
10	dholmes	1.8	* A collection designed for holding elements prior to processing.
11	dl	1.24	* Besides basic {@link java.util.Collection Collection} operations,
12			* queues provide additional insertion, extraction, and inspection
13			* operations. Each of these methods exists in two forms: one throws
14			* an exception if the operation fails, the other returns a special
15	jsr166	1.38	* value (either {@code null} or {@code false}, depending on the
16	dl	1.24	* operation). The latter form of the insert operation is designed
17	jsr166	1.38	* specifically for use with capacity-restricted {@code Queue}
18	dl	1.24	* implementations; in most implementations, insert operations cannot
19			* fail.
20	dl	1.23	*
21	jsr166	1.28	* <p>
22			* <table BORDER CELLPADDING=3 CELLSPACING=1>
23	jsr166	1.39	* <caption>Summary of Queue methods</caption>
24	dl	1.23	* <tr>
25	dl	1.24	* <td></td>
26			* <td ALIGN=CENTER><em>Throws exception</em></td>
27	jsr166	1.32	* <td ALIGN=CENTER><em>Returns special value</em></td>
28	dl	1.23	* </tr>
29			* <tr>
30	dl	1.24	* <td><b>Insert</b></td>
31			* <td>{@link #add add(e)}</td>
32			* <td>{@link #offer offer(e)}</td>
33	dl	1.23	* </tr>
34			* <tr>
35	dl	1.24	* <td><b>Remove</b></td>
36			* <td>{@link #remove remove()}</td>
37			* <td>{@link #poll poll()}</td>
38	dl	1.23	* </tr>
39			* <tr>
40	dl	1.24	* <td><b>Examine</b></td>
41			* <td>{@link #element element()}</td>
42			* <td>{@link #peek peek()}</td>
43	dl	1.23	* </tr>
44	dl	1.24	* </table>
45	dholmes	1.8	*
46	tim	1.2	* <p>Queues typically, but do not necessarily, order elements in a
47	dl	1.5	* FIFO (first-in-first-out) manner. Among the exceptions are
48			* priority queues, which order elements according to a supplied
49	dholmes	1.8	* comparator, or the elements' natural ordering, and LIFO queues (or
50			* stacks) which order the elements LIFO (last-in-first-out).
51	dl	1.17	* Whatever the ordering used, the <em>head</em> of the queue is that
52			* element which would be removed by a call to {@link #remove() } or
53			* {@link #poll()}. In a FIFO queue, all new elements are inserted at
54	jsr166	1.37	* the <em>tail</em> of the queue. Other kinds of queues may use
55	jsr166	1.38	* different placement rules. Every {@code Queue} implementation
56	dl	1.17	* must specify its ordering properties.
57			*
58			* <p>The {@link #offer offer} method inserts an element if possible,
59	jsr166	1.38	* otherwise returning {@code false}. This differs from the {@link
60	dl	1.17	* java.util.Collection#add Collection.add} method, which can fail to
61			* add an element only by throwing an unchecked exception. The
62	jsr166	1.38	* {@code offer} method is designed for use when failure is a normal,
63	dl	1.17	* rather than exceptional occurrence, for example, in fixed-capacity
64			* (or "bounded") queues.
65	tim	1.9	*
66	dl	1.7	* <p>The {@link #remove()} and {@link #poll()} methods remove and
67	dholmes	1.8	* return the head of the queue.
68			* Exactly which element is removed from the queue is a
69	dl	1.7	* function of the queue's ordering policy, which differs from
70	jsr166	1.38	* implementation to implementation. The {@code remove()} and
71			* {@code poll()} methods differ only in their behavior when the
72			* queue is empty: the {@code remove()} method throws an exception,
73			* while the {@code poll()} method returns {@code null}.
74	tim	1.1	*
75	dholmes	1.8	* <p>The {@link #element()} and {@link #peek()} methods return, but do
76	dholmes	1.10	* not remove, the head of the queue.
77	tim	1.1	*
78	jsr166	1.38	* <p>The {@code Queue} interface does not define the <i>blocking queue
79	tim	1.2	* methods</i>, which are common in concurrent programming. These methods,
80			* which wait for elements to appear or for space to become available, are
81			* defined in the {@link java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue} interface, which
82			* extends this interface.
83			*
84	jsr166	1.38	* <p>{@code Queue} implementations generally do not allow insertion
85			* of {@code null} elements, although some implementations, such as
86			* {@link LinkedList}, do not prohibit insertion of {@code null}.
87			* Even in the implementations that permit it, {@code null} should
88			* not be inserted into a {@code Queue}, as {@code null} is also
89			* used as a special return value by the {@code poll} method to
90	dl	1.7	* indicate that the queue contains no elements.
91	tim	1.2	*
92	jsr166	1.38	* <p>{@code Queue} implementations generally do not define
93			* element-based versions of methods {@code equals} and
94			* {@code hashCode} but instead inherit the identity based versions
95			* from class {@code Object}, because element-based equality is not
96	dl	1.16	* always well-defined for queues with the same elements but different
97			* ordering properties.
98			*
99			*
100	tim	1.2	* <p>This interface is a member of the
101	jsr166	1.35	* <a href="{@docRoot}/../technotes/guides/collections/index.html">
102	tim	1.2	* Java Collections Framework</a>.
103			*
104	tim	1.11	* @see java.util.Collection
105	tim	1.2	* @see LinkedList
106			* @see PriorityQueue
107	dholmes	1.15	* @see java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue
108	tim	1.2	* @see java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue
109			* @see java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue
110			* @see java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue
111			* @see java.util.concurrent.PriorityBlockingQueue
112	dl	1.7	* @since 1.5
113			* @author Doug Lea
114	dl	1.21	* @param <E> the type of elements held in this collection
115	tim	1.2	*/
116	tim	1.1	public interface Queue<E> extends Collection<E> {
117			/**
118	jsr166	1.29	* Inserts the specified element into this queue if it is possible to do so
119			* immediately without violating capacity restrictions, returning
120	jsr166	1.38	* {@code true} upon success and throwing an {@code IllegalStateException}
121	jsr166	1.29	* if no space is currently available.
122			*
123			* @param e the element to add
124	jsr166	1.38	* @return {@code true} (as specified by {@link Collection#add})
125	jsr166	1.29	* @throws IllegalStateException if the element cannot be added at this
126			* time due to capacity restrictions
127	jsr166	1.30	* @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified element
128			* prevents it from being added to this queue
129	jsr166	1.29	* @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null and
130	jsr166	1.34	* this queue does not permit null elements
131	jsr166	1.29	* @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of this element
132			* prevents it from being added to this queue
133	tim	1.2	*/
134	jsr166	1.29	boolean add(E e);
135	tim	1.1
136			/**
137	jsr166	1.29	* Inserts the specified element into this queue if it is possible to do
138			* so immediately without violating capacity restrictions.
139	jsr166	1.31	* When using a capacity-restricted queue, this method is generally
140	jsr166	1.29	* preferable to {@link #add}, which can fail to insert an element only
141			* by throwing an exception.
142	tim	1.2	*
143	jsr166	1.29	* @param e the element to add
144	jsr166	1.38	* @return {@code true} if the element was added to this queue, else
145			* {@code false}
146	jsr166	1.30	* @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified element
147			* prevents it from being added to this queue
148	jsr166	1.29	* @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null and
149			* this queue does not permit null elements
150			* @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of this element
151			* prevents it from being added to this queue
152	tim	1.2	*/
153	jsr166	1.29	boolean offer(E e);
154	tim	1.1
155			/**
156	jsr166	1.29	* Retrieves and removes the head of this queue. This method differs
157	jsr166	1.33	* from {@link #poll poll} only in that it throws an exception if this
158			* queue is empty.
159	tim	1.2	*
160	jsr166	1.29	* @return the head of this queue
161			* @throws NoSuchElementException if this queue is empty
162	tim	1.2	*/
163	tim	1.9	E remove();
164	tim	1.1
165			/**
166	jsr166	1.29	* Retrieves and removes the head of this queue,
167	jsr166	1.38	* or returns {@code null} if this queue is empty.
168	tim	1.2	*
169	jsr166	1.38	* @return the head of this queue, or {@code null} if this queue is empty
170	tim	1.2	*/
171	jsr166	1.29	E poll();
172	tim	1.1
173			/**
174	dholmes	1.14	* Retrieves, but does not remove, the head of this queue. This method
175	jsr166	1.33	* differs from {@link #peek peek} only in that it throws an exception
176			* if this queue is empty.
177	tim	1.2	*
178	jsr166	1.29	* @return the head of this queue
179			* @throws NoSuchElementException if this queue is empty
180	tim	1.2	*/
181	tim	1.9	E element();
182	jsr166	1.29
183			/**
184			* Retrieves, but does not remove, the head of this queue,
185	jsr166	1.38	* or returns {@code null} if this queue is empty.
186	jsr166	1.29	*
187	jsr166	1.38	* @return the head of this queue, or {@code null} if this queue is empty
188	jsr166	1.29	*/
189			E peek();
190	tim	1.1	}